基础必备 必修第三册 Unit 3 The world online（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（译林版）

基础必备 Unit 3 主题语境人与社会 一互联网世界 The world online 析>译>背高考复杂句式A0 FUZAJUSHL 高考原句 句式分析 汉语试译 1.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)You'11 compete with fewer tourists, 你将与更少的游客竞争， save money,experience a dif- 本句是一个主从复合句。本句的主体结构是 节省开支，体验热门景点 ferent side of a popular place, You'll compete...,save...,experience..., 的另一面，并在传统的旅 and boost the economy when and boost...,其中when引导时间状语从句。 游淡季促进经济发展。 tourism is traditionally slo- wer. 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Whatev- er disadvantages life in Italy 本句是一个主从复合句。主句为..the 无论意大利的生活有什么 might have,the problems are problems are forgotten.,,里面包含一个 缺点，只要你坐下来与亲 forgotten once you sit down once引导的条件状语从句；Whatever引导 朋好友大吃一顿，这些问 to a big meal with friends and 让步状语从句。 题都会被忘得一干二净。 family. 复盘必备知识 学生用书P104 教材盘点自主夯实 [Part 1 巧记·课标单词] >No.1 单词分类记一层级背 1.frontier n. 国界，边界 13.guideline n. 准则，指导方针 2.billion num. 十亿 14.belong vi. 应在…地方；能适应 3.obviously adv. 显然，明显地 15.request vt. 要求，请求 4.extent n. 程度，限度 n. 要求；要求的事 军事的，军队的 16.mobile adj. 可移动的；流动的 5.military adj. 单 6.affair n. 公共事务，事件 17.device n. 设备；手段 18.quit vt.&vi. 停止，戒掉；离开 7.goods n. 商品，货品 19.somehow adv. 不知怎么地 8.commerce n. 商务，商业 其 20.reveal vt. 展示，显示；揭示 9.boat n. 小船 21.badminton n. 羽毛球 10.cash n. 现金，金钱 22.instant adj. 立即的，立刻的 11.establish vt. 建立 n. 瞬间，片刻 12.comment n. 议论，评论 23.remove ut. 删除，移走 vi.&vt. 表达意见 24.scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的 100 基础必备必修第三册 L.access n.通道；机会→accessible adj.可进入的；可到达的；易使用的 2.majority n.大部分；大多数→major vi..&n.主修；专业→minority n.少数；小部分 3.deliver ut.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→delivery n.传递；交付 展 4.arrangement n.安排；筹备→arrange v.安排，布置 5.aware adj.知道；发觉；有…意识的→awareness n.意识；认知；明白 词 6.technical adj.技术的，技能的→technology n.科技 7.upload vt.上载，上传→download vt..下载 8.entertainment n.娱乐；招待；娱乐活动；文娱节目→entertain ut.使快乐；招待；给…娱乐 用 9.addicted adj.有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的→addict n.对…入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人→addiction n.沉溺；嗜好 →addictive adj.使人上瘾的 l0.appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值→appreciation n.欣赏；鉴赏；感激；货币增值 阅 1.comic n. 连环；漫画 5.software n. adi. 喜剧的 软件 2.click n. 点击，单击；咔哒声 6.file n. 文件；文件夹 词 7.battery n. 电池 0. 点击，单击 8.journal n. 日记；报纸 其 3.button n. 按键；纽扣 4.recipe n. 食谱；秘诀 9.opera n. 歌剧，歌剧院 》》 No.2 同根联想记 一一 线串 1.软件和硬件 2.计算机操作 ①keyboard n.键盘 ②modem n.调制解调器 ①search n.&u.搜索 ③monitor n.显示器 ②copy v.复制；拷贝 ④mouse(复mice)n.鼠标 ③surf v.浏览 ⑤printer n.打印机 ④click v.点击（计算机用语） ⑥screen n.幕；荧光屏 ⑤insert vt..插入 ⑦software n.软件 ⑥delete v.删去 ⑧microcomputer n.微机 ⑦boot v.启动 ⑨hardware n.硬件 ⑧upload vt.上传 ⑩system n.体系；系统 ⑨logv.登录 ①data n.数据；资料 ⑩scroll v.上下滚动 ②browser n.浏览器 [Part2妙记·核心短语] >No.1 短语分类记— 层级背 1.take off 突然大受欢迎，迅速流行 6.belong to 属于，归…所有 2.to a certain extent在一定程度上 7.set up 创建，建立 3.at one's fingertips掌握，熟悉，精通 8.be glued to sth. 全神贯注看着某物；离某物很近 4.bring up 调出；提出 9.shoot past 飞驰而过 5.above all else 最重要的是，尤其是 10.knock sb. off one's feet撞倒某人，使某人双脚离地 >N0.2 同根联想记 线串 1.“.+off”短语速记 2.“动词十up”短语集锦 ①move off离开；启程；出发②pay off还清；取得好结果 ①set up创建，建立 ②pick up拾起，收到 ③put off推迟④give off发出（光、热、气味等） ③sit up坐起来 ④cut up切碎，砍伤 ⑤take off起飞；脱掉 ⑤build up逐步建立 ⑥lock up锁住 101 高考总复习英语(YL) [Part3速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 The Internet has also made our lives unbelievably convenient,with all 1.with的复合结构 sorts of goods and services provided by electronic commerce(通过电子 商务来提供各种商品和服务)，more commonly known as e-commerce. 2.have十宾语十宾语补足语 You can have food delivered to you(让人将食品送到你手上)using food delivery apps and sites. 3.“only十状语”位于句首的倒装 Only in this way can the Internet be(互联网才能成为)a place of discovery, wonder and inspiration for everyone. 4.现在分词（短语）的完成式作状语 Having achieved such success(在取得了这样的成功之后)，Fiona hopes to attract more users through other forms of new media. 5.“否定词十比较级”结构 We had never felt closer to each other(从未感到彼此如此亲密). 聚焦层级突破 学生用书P106 聚焦核心要点落实 Part.1单词悟讲记 2.majority n.大多数；大部分 》[教材对接] [核心单词] No wonder the Internet has now become the first place L.access n.通道；（使用、查阅、接近或面见的）机会vt. that the majority of people turn to for information. 进入；使用；获取 难怪，互联网现在已经成为大多数人查找信息的首选 ◆[教材对接] 途径。 We can achieve almost anything online-with access [语境练悟]一单句语法填空/补全句子 DThe majority of students are (be)hardworking. to the Internet come some truly life-changing advan- 2The majority of the damage is (be)easy to repair. tages. 3The majority of people voted for him in the election. 在网上我们几乎什么都能做到一接人互联网（给我 DAt the meeting,young people were in a/the ma- 们)带来了，真正改变我们的生活的优势。 jority. [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 5This year the government calls on a great many ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Emmanuel Chappard,anex graduates who major in English to devote themselves perienced guide,has a passion for making the great to the construction of the country. outdoors accessible(access)to all. 今年，政府呼吁大量英语专业的毕业生投身于国家 ②(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As cities balloon with 建设。 growth,access to nature for people living in urban [考点归纳]一知识生成 areas is becoming harder to find. (l)the majority of...大多数的… [考点归纳]一知识生成 be in a/the majority占多数；过半数 (1)have access to..,有利用/进入…的权利/机会 (2)major adj.较大的；较多的；主要的vi.主修 (2)accessible ad.可以接近的；可以进入的；可以使用的 n.主修课major in主修 be accessible to..可以到达…；可以接近…；可 (3)minority n.少数 以使用… [名师点津] (1)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数 [链接写作]—一完成句子 均可。 ③（全国I卷）Many stations have wheelchair access (2)“the majority of-+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语 from the car park or entrance to the station plat- 动词用复数形式。 forms. (3)“the majority of-十不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动 许多车站从停车场或车站平台入口处都有轮椅通道。 词用单数形式。 ·102· 基础必备必修第三册 [巧学助记] [语境练悟]一写出下列句中remove的含义 DHe removed his hand from her shoulder. 拿开 minor较小的 major较大的 majority大多数 2The elections removed the government from power. minority少数 解除 [链接写作]—完成句子 3Our office has been removed to Shanghai from Bei- 6The first time I proposed my plan at the meeting, jing. 搬迁 the majority objected to it. ④(2023·全国乙卷)They also remove some harmful 我第一次在会上提出我的计划的时候，大多数人 chemicals from paints or cooking. 去除 反对它。 5He removed his hat and gloves. 摘掉 3.arrangement n.安排；筹备 [考点归纳]—知识生成 P[教材对接] remove..from..把…从…移开/撤掉 When you wish to go on holiday,you can make all remove sb.from one's post撤职；开除某人 your travel arrangements just in front of the computer. remove sb..from school开除某人；勒令某人退学 当你想去度假的时候，你可以在电脑前把你所有的旅 remove one's doubt消除某人的疑虑 行安排都做好。 [链接写作]—完成句子 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 6Of the three columns concerning health,entertain- DParents arrange everything for their children and ment and culture,my suggestion is that the column spare no effort to pave the way for their success. of entertainment (should)be removed from the ②(2024·新课标I卷)Groups of five or more re- newspaper. quire special arrangements (arrange)and must be 在涉及健康、娱乐和文化的三个栏目中，我的建议是 confirmed in advance. 娱乐栏目应该从报纸上去掉。 3I have arranged for Tom to pick up the experts at 5.request n.要求；请求y.要求；请求 the airport. 上[教材对接] ④(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Artworks are selected and ar- For example,she has requested a technical team to ranged (arrange)in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. develop an app so as to satisfy different users' needs. [考点归纳]—知识生成 比如，她已经要求一个技术团队开发一个应用程序， (l)arrangement n.安排；筹备；布置；整理 以便满足不同用户的需求。 make arrangements for为…做好安排 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 (2)arrange sth.for sb.为某人安排某事 DWhat's your opinion of Mr.Li's request that we arrange to do sth..安排做某事 (should)spend (spend)half an hour reading English arrange for...to do sth.安排…做某事 aloud every morning? arrange that..:商定…；安排… 2It is requested (request)that all the visitors [名师点津] should not take pictures of the exhibitions. (l)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb.todo [考点归纳]—知识生成 sth.而不用arrange sb.to do sth.o (2)make arrangements (for sth./for sb.to do sth. (1)make a request for sth./that..请求；要求 中的arrangement常用复数形式。 at one's request应某人的要求 [链接写作]一完成句子 (2)request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事 5I'd like to tell you that my classmates and I have request that..(should)do sth.请求… arranged to visit the nearby nursing home next Sat- It is requested that...(should)do sth. urday for the Double Ninth Festival. 据要求…应该做某事 我想告诉你，我和我的同学已安排好下周六重阳节去 [名师点津]动词request后的宾语从句以及名词 访问附近的敬老院。 request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气， 4.remove vt..移动；搬开，开除vi.迁移；移居 即谓语动词用“(should十)动词原形”，should可 P[教材对接] 省略。 One wrong click may damage your computer and re- [链接写作]——完成句子 move all your computer files! 3The visitors are requested not to smoke or talk 错误的点击，可能损坏你的电脑和除去你电脑的所有 loudly in the museum. 的资料！ 在博物馆里要求参观者不要吸烟或大声谈话。 103. 高考总复习英语(YL) 6.addict n,对…入迷的人，瘾君子 maintaining the balance of our ecosystem ●[教材对接] ④（全国Ⅱ卷）I had needed someone else to show me I was a smartphone addict. what I appreciated in my dad. 我是个智能手机成瘾者。 我需要有其他人向我展示我欣赏父亲的地方。 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 DThe problem of phone addiction (addict)has been Part,2短语巧突破 observed since a few years ago. 1.belong to属于 2You see,during adolescence I also smoked and be [教材对接] came addicted to cigarettes. Just Dance is a website belonging to all dance lovers. 3He addicted himself to drinking (drink) 跳舞吧是一个属于所有舞蹈爱好者的网站。 I took up skiing a couple of years ago and I found [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 it quite addictive (addict). DHe was identified only by this uniform and per- [考点归纳]—知识生成 sonal belongings (belong). (l)be/get addicted to(doing)sth.沉溺于（做）某事 2The house belonging (belong)to my grandfather (2)addict oneself to(doing)sth.沉溺于（做）某事 was sold yesterday. (3)addiction n.上瘾；沉溺；嗜好 ③(2022·新高考I卷)If you plan on working out in addiction to对…上瘾 a gym,that person must belong to the same gym. (4)addictive adj..使人上瘾的 [考点归纳]一知识生成 [链接写作]一完成句子 (1)belong to表示“属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动 5The student is addicted to computer games,which 语态，作后置定语时，常用现在分词。 makes his parents very anxious. (2)belong vi.“适合待在某处，放在某处”，无被动 这个学生对电脑游戏上瘾，这让他父母很担心。 语态。 [间考单词] (3)belongings n.财产；所有物；相关事物 l.instant adj.立即的，立刻的n.瞬间 [链接写作]—完成句子 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 4The students feel that they belong to a particular ①(2023·北京卷)The historian Francis Cole argues group. that the West has entered a period where "only the 学生感觉他们属于一个特殊群体。 present exists,a present characterised at once by the 2.set up创建，建立 cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an un- [教材对接] ending now”. Fiona wanted to introduce more people to dance,so 2He paused for an instant and went on with his she set up Just Dance. work. 菲奥娜想介绍更多的人跳舞，所以她建立了跳舞吧。 3In an instant,he took off his coat and jumped into [语境练悟]—单句语法填空 the water. DMy ambition is to set up a business in China after Instantly (instant)he comes back,call me please. graduation. 2.quit v.离开；辞去 2He asked me how he should set about learning the [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 German language. D There were six teachers quitting (quit)the job 3Let's set aside our personal feelings. before her. 4They set out to perform the operation. 2 His uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking [考点归纳]—知识生成 (smoke),but at least he has cut down. set down记下；写下 3.appreciate vt,重视；欣赏；感激；领会 set aside把…放在一边；省出；留出 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空/补全句子 set off出发；动身；使爆炸 DI'd appreciate it if you would like to teach me how set out出发；动身；着手做 to use the computer. iset about doing sth.,=set out to do sth.开始做某事 2None of us appreciate being made (make)fun of [链接写作]——完成句子 in our daily life. 5The government has set up a working party to ③(2023·1月浙江卷)I also gained a greater appre look into the cause of the big fire ciation (appreciate)for the role that plants play in 政府已成立工作组调查这次大火的起因。 ·104 基础必备必修第三册 [链接写作]—完成句子 Part.3句式精剖析 》 5They always need to have things explained. 1.have+宾语+宾语补足语 [教材对接] 他们总是让别人把东西解释给他们听。 You can have food delivered to you using food deliv- 2.“Only十状语”位于句首的倒装 ery apps and sites. 》[教材对接] 你可以利用食品派送应用程序和网站让人将食品送 到你手上。 Only in this way can the Internet be a place of discov- [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 ery,wonder and inspiration for everyone. ①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)That means you have tons of 只有这样，互联网才能成为一个对每个人而言充满发 less-visited options to choose(choose)from. 2The patient is going to have his temperature taken 展奇迹和灵感的地方。 (take). [语境练悟]—一单句语法填空 3The boss often has them working (work)for 14 DOnly if a teacher gives permission is (be)a hours a day. 4Don't have the dog barking (bark)much,Tom. student allowed to enter the room. [考点归纳]一知识生成 2Only by working hard can we succeed. have十宾语十todo(作定语)“有…要做”。在该结 3Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made. 构中，不定式作定语修饰其前的名词。 [考点归纳]一知识生成 have十sth.十过去分词（宾语补足语）主要有两种含 义，在该结构中，宾语与宾补的动词之间是逻辑上动 (1)“only+状语(ad./介词短语/状语从句)”位于句 宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。 首时，主句要部分倒装。 (1)表示“让别人去做某事” (2)(主语)遭受到（意外的损失或不幸） (2)“only十主语”位于句首时，主句不用倒装语序。. have十sb.十动词原形“让/叫/使某人做某事”。其中 [链接写作]一完成句子 have是使役动词，不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 4Only when Lily walked into the office did she real- have十sb.十动词-ing形式“叫/让/使某人一直做某 事”。其中宾语与宾补的动词之间是逻辑上的主谓关 ize that she had left the contract at home. 系，故用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。 当莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。 进阶>多维检测 学生用书P110 夯基固本多维运用 [全练透] g.The report reveals(显示)the company made a I.单词拼写 loss of $20 million last year. l.The frontier(边界)town boomed when gold was 10.If it's a legal matter,you need to seek profes- discovered nearby sional(专业的)advice. 2.When the elevator broke down,keep calm and Ⅱ.单句语法填空 press the emergency button(按钮)，and then 1.It was really annoying:I couldn't get access to the someone will come to your help. data bank you had recommended. 3.He can be relied on to provide comic(滑稽的)re 2.I accidentally got the goods delivered (deliver)to lief at a boring party. the wrong address. 4.The school has established (a successful re- 3.The local newspaper made arrangements (arrange)for lationship with the local community. an interview with Professor Stan. 5.The figures are a useful guideline(参考)when 4.With the level of haze (rising greatly,many buying a house. people work to raise public awareness (aware)of 6.She wanted the celebration to be a simple family environmental protection. affair(事情). 5.Only when he left home did he sense the love from 7.I drove out to give him a hand because the battery parents. (电池)in his car was dead. 6.Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she 8.She likes watching scary(恐怖的)movies,which got home,there was a pile of mails waiting (wait)for makes me surprised. her. ·105· 高考总复习英语(YL) 7.Addicted (addict)to watching TV all day long, [重落实] the girl has lost interest in her study. I.单元巩固练 8.The bus stopped at the station,picked up several 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，按要求补全短 people and drove off. 文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法。 9.I would really appreciate it if you could turn the The Internet is a technological wonder,1.bringing music down. (bring)about far-reaching changes in all aspects of 10.With the final exam drawing near,she felt stressed our lives.2.It connects people across the world to (stress). single shared community and has brought us some Ⅲ.选词填空 life-changing advantages.With 3.the help of the In- take off,to a certain extent,at one's fingertips, ternet,people can have quick and easy access to a bring up,above all else,belong to,set up,be huge amount of information,ranging from the glued to sth. weather to military affairs.Besides,it has also made 1.It is well known that science has brought up many our lives 4.unbelievably (unbelievable)convenient. changes in our lives. People can do a lot of work through the Internet,in- 2.Computer technology puts all the information in cluding having food 5.delivered (deliver)to your the world at our fingertips. home,calling a taxi,making 6.arrangements (ar- 3.He was so absorbed in the games that his eyes rangement)for your travel,and so on.Above all were glued to the screen. else,the Internet helps us maintain social ties.With 4.Many businesses started up by college students all sorts of communication software,physical dis- have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate tance no longer gets 7.in the way.No matter where for business creation. we are,there are endless ways 8.to share (share) 5.A modern city has been set up in what was a our views on matters or lets someone know we care wasteland ten years ago. about them.9.However,only when the Internet 6.We are forbidden to play on the lawn belonging to him. 10.is used (use)safely can it be a place of discovery, 7.To a certain extent,our price depends on how wonder and inspiration for everyone. large your order is. Ⅱ.话题微写作（演讲稿） 8.But I know,above all else,that we must start to 假定你是李华，你校将举办一次主题为“Robots take these steps now. V.完成句子 replacing teachers is a good thing-yes or no?" 语演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿，陈述你的观点。 1.只有这样你的付出最终才能有回报。(pay) 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； Only in this way can your efforts pay off at last. 2.我的电脑出了点儿问题，我想请人修理一下。 2.尽可能用本单元知识点； 3.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 There is something wrong with my computer.I'd like to have it repaired. Good morning,everyone! 3.随着房价的快速上涨，越来越多的人买不起房了。 It is my honor to share my opinions on whether ro- With the housing prices going up so fast,more bots replacing teachers is a good thing. and more people can't afford to buy one. 4.喜欢它的同学认为课文配的图片很吸引人，这极大 地唤起了他们的学习兴趣。 Students who liked it said the pictures with the texts were very attractive,which greatly aroused Thank you. their interests in learning. [参考范文] 5.然而，不喜欢这本书的同学却抱怨新单词和难句太 Good morning,everyone! 多，使文章很难理解。 It is my honor to share my opinions on whether ro- However,students who disliked it complained bots replacing teachers is a good thing. there were too many new words and difficult sen- In my opinion,robots can never be as good as tences,making the texts difficult to understand. teachers.Firstly,a teacher's role is not just to ·106. 基础必备必修第三册 teach,he also looks after the students in the class. 他喃喃地说了声谢谢，一路跑回家。 Secondly,people are social animals.We like to learn 15."Here,Mum!Here!"he exclaimed as he ran to her in groups and learn from other people.Thirdly, side. teachers'ability to inspire is likely to be irreplacea- “这里，妈妈！在这里！”他一边跑向她那边一边喊。 ble.Last but not least,while teaching facts and the- ●[佳句观摩] ories is one thing,relating the things you teach to 1.“着火啦！着火啦！”惊呼声划破了寂静的夜空，火 everyday life is quite another.Therefore,it's better 灾报警声随后鸣叫起来。 to use robots in classrooms as learning tools,not as “Fire!Fire!”The cry crept out on the peaceful teachers. night air,and the fire bells began to ring Thank you. 2.“是巴顿先生的房子着火了，妈妈。让我去帮忙 Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(11)“有关说的表达” 吧！”他用急切而又激动的语气说道。 ●[多样表达] "It is Mr.Barton's house,mother.Do let me go!" L.回答道：answer,reply,respond he said in eager,excited tones. 2.喊道：shout,scream,yell,cry 3.“我很想跟你们一起去。”苏珊叹了一口气，回答道： 3.各种“说”： “可是我还没完成奶奶交给我的任务。” whisper悄悄说 gossip说闲话 "I should like to go with you very much,replied criticize批评 comfort安慰 Susan,with a sigh,"but I can not finish the task command命令 apologize道歉 grandmother set me to do. add补充说 continue继续说道 ●[好句仿写] remind提醒 promise许诺 1.当我冲向终点线时，我的队友们都在尖叫。 warn警告 admit承认 My teammates were all screaming as I dashed to- announce宣布 complain抱怨 ward the finishing line. 4.say in her sharp voice她尖声说 2.他们发出了出人意料的响亮声音。 5.say in a gentle way温柔地说 They let out a surprisingly loud voice. 6.talk to oneself自言自语 3.她接着说：“我紧紧地拥抱着他们，感觉到自己内心 7.say through tears边哭边说 突然有了一种力量”。 8.whisper into one's ears对某人耳语 She continued,"I hugged them tightly,feeling a 9.speak in a serious voice严肃地说 sudden strength inside me. 10.can't help asking情不自禁地问 4.他打破了沉寂，宣布：“参加艺术比赛的截止日期是 11.ask with curiosity好奇地问 明天。” I2.murmur under one's breath低声说 He interrupted the silence announcing/with anan- l3.reply with a sigh叹口气回答 nouncement:"The deadline to enter for the Art 14.He murmured a thank-you and ran home all the way. Competition is tomorrow. 培优>提能加餐 学生用书P112 高考对接素养培优 [培优1] 单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 3.She hanged herself in her cell on 19 February. 1.I am not saying that those things are necessarily n.牢房 more important,but many donators have rushed 二、一词多义一根据语境选出cell的含义 into fancy programmes without carefully assessing A.细胞B.小房间C.牢房D.单元格 the relative long-term costs and benefits of alter- 1.Over twenty prisoners were put into a small dark native uses of their money. u.考虑 cell. C 2.The president was visiting China in a private ca- 2.All living things are composed of cells. A pacity. n.身份 3.He spent all of his free time in his cell. B ·107 高考总复习英语(YL) [培优2]高考语篇培素养— Topic:探讨ALife是否也在进化 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (2o23·北京卷)What is life?Like most great questions this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer.The reason is simple:we know 1.Regarding Alan Smith's defence of just one type of life and it's challenging to do science with a sample of ALife,the author is size of one.The field of artificial life-called ALife for short-is the A.supportive B.puzzled systematic attempt to spell out life's fundamental principles.Many of C.unconcerned D.doubtful these practitioners,so-called ALifers,think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is. 2.What does the word“enamored” So far no one has convincingly made artificial life.This track re- underlined in Paragraph 3 most cord makes ALife a ripe target for criticism,such as declarations of probably mean? the field's doubtful scientific value.Alan Smith,a complexity scien- A.Shocked. tist,is tired of such complaints.Asking about "the point"of ALife B.Protected. might be,well,missing the point entirely,he says."The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.Alan says. C.Attracted. "Some people ask me,'So what's the worth of artificial life?'Do you D.Challenged. ever think,'What is the worth of your grandmother?'" 3.What can we learn from this pas- As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research's ap- sage? plications,the attempts to create artificial life could have practical A.ALife holds the key to human payoffs.Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife's cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open- future. ended evolution ()This is the capacity for a system to create es- B.ALife and AI share a common sentially endless complexity,to be a sort of"novelty generator".The feature. only system known to exhibit this is Earth's biosphere.If the field of C.AI mirrors the developments ALife manages to reproduce life's endless "creativity"in some virtual of ALife. model,those same principles could give rise to truly inventive ma- chines. D.AI speeds up the process of Compared with the developments of Al,advances in ALife are human evolution. harder to recognize.One reason is that ALife is a field in which the cen- 4.Which would be the best title for tral concept-life itself-is undefined.The lack of agreement among the passage? ALifers doesn't help either.The result is a diverse line of projects A.Life Is Undefined.Can AI Be that each advance along their unique paths.For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies..Its muddled(混乱的)pro a Way Out? gression is a striking parallel(平行线)to the evolutionary struggles B.Life Evolves.Can AI Help that have shaped Earth biosphere. ALife Evolve,Too? Undefined and uncontrolled,ALife drives its followers to repur- C.Life Is Undefined.Can ALife Be pose old ideas and generated novelty.It may be,of course,that these Defined One Day? characteristics aren't in any way surprising or singular.They may ap- ply universally to all acts of evolution.Ultimately ALife may be D.Life Evolves.Can Attempts to nothing special.But even this dismissal suggests something:perhaps, Create ALife Evolve,Too? just like life itself throughout the universe,the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了 调他们研究的应用，但创造人工生命的尝试可能会 ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。 有实际的回报。)”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的 l.A[推理判断题。根据第三段“As much as many 尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“So far no one ALifers hate emphasizing their research's applica- has convincingly made artificial life.This track tions,the attempts to create artificial life could record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, have practical payoffs.(尽管许多ALifer讨厌强 such as declarations of the field's doubtful scien- ·108· 基础必备必修第三册 tific value.Alan Smith,a complexity scientist,is ◆素材积累 tired of such complaints.Asking about 'the (一)由文本积累主题词块 point'of ALife might be,well,missing the point 1.the field of artificial life 人工生命领域 entirely,he says.'The existence of a living sys- 2.for short 简称；缩写 tem is not about the use of anything.'Alan says. 3.the field's doubtful scientific value “Some people ask me,‘So what's the worth of ar- 该领域值得怀疑的科学价值 tificial life?'Do you ever think,'What is the 4.be tired of such complaints 厌倦了这样的抱怨 worth of your grandmother?'”(到目前为止，还没 5.the existence of a living system 生命系统的存在 有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命。这一记录使 6.a concept called open-ended evolution 生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑 一个叫做开放式进化的概念 科学价值的声明。复杂性科学家艾伦·史密斯厌 7.give rise to truly inventive machines 倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问ALife的‘意义’可能 产生真正有创造力的机器 完全没有抓住要点。‘一个生命系统的存在与任何 8.apply universally to all acts of evolution 东西的使用无关。’Alan说。“有人问我，‘那么人 普遍适用于所有进化行为 工生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想过，‘你祖母的 (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 价值是什么？’”)可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服 1.challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评 2.systematic adj. 有系统的，体系的 (认为其没有科学价值)的成熟目标，作者认为这是 3.convincingly adv. 令人信服地；有说服力地 不合理的，所以后文引用了Alan Smith的话语对 4.emphasize v. 强调，着重 这种观点进行反驳，即关于Alan Smith对ALife 5.capacity n. 容量；才能；能力 的辩护，作者表示支持。] 6.complexity n. 复杂性 2.C[词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial in- 7.reproduce v. 繁殖；复制 telligence may be considered ALife's cousin in that 8.universe n. 宇宙；领域，体系 researchers in both fields are enamored by a con- (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义对应的字母填到横线上） cept called open-ended evolution(演化).（人工智 1.sample 能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的 A.样品；货样B.样品的C.品尝D.选录 研究人员都被一个叫开放进化的概念enamored.)” 可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明 D Sample the colourful fruits and veggies at a 人工智能和ALif二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为 farmers'market. C 这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概 2Thousands of people have written in to us for a 念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为 free sample. A “吸引”。] 2.mirror 3.B[推理判断题。根据第三段“Artificial intelligence A.镜子B.反射面C.写照D.反射；反映 may be considered ALife's cousin in that researchers in DThese novels mirror life in today's Japan from both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended various angles. D evolution(演化).（人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表 2The only wall decorations are candles and a sin- 亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进 gle mirror A 化的概念所吸引。)”可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的 ◆长句缩写 特点。] Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife's cous- 4.D[主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may apply in in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a univer sally to all acts of evolution.Ultimately ALife concept called open-ended evolution. may be nothing special.But even this dismissal sug- [句式剖析]请将句中的“枝叶”（名词短语、介词 gests something:perhaps,just like life itself through- 短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句) out the universe,the rise of ALife will prove unavoida- 去掉，留下“主干”（主谓宾或主系表）。 ble.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife's 可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了 cousin [in that researchers (in both fields)are 一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样， ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的。)”结合文章主 enamored by a concept (called open-ended evolu- tion)]. 要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命 在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的 [句子缩写]Artificial intelligence may be consid ered ALife's cousin..(不超过l0个单词) 标题。] ·109·