选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 Onwards and upwards（配套教参Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（外研版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义围绕词汇、短语、句式等核心考点，按“基础积累-拓展应用-语篇实战”逻辑架构知识点，通过考点梳理（如核心词汇用法详解）、方法指导（句式用法归纳）、真题训练（高考语篇分析）等环节，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 资料以分层练习（基础填空、能力提升、语篇写作）和微技能训练（读后续写情绪表达）为特色，如核心词汇“inform”从单句语法填空到真题句型转换，培养语言能力与思维品质。设置话题微写作结合单元词汇，助力学生高效掌握考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

词块背诵 佳句赏析 1.respond to a question答复问题 2．survive on靠……生存(活下来) 3．achieve one's ends达到目的 4．in print已出版，在销售中 5．go about the business of life 为生活琐事而奔波 6．be stricken blind突然失明 7．along the lines of类似，按照 8．under one's name以……的名字…… 1.Winning is not about being first，but it is about giving your best in every situation. 赢并不表示拿第一，赢表示在任何情况下都全力以赴。 2．Life is filled with challenges.It is those challenges that make me who I am. 人生充满了挑战。正是那些挑战成就了今天的我。 3．After dealing with many challenges，we will come to realize that it is challenges that shapes us. 应对许多挑战之后，我们将会意识到是挑战塑造了我们。 [Part 1　巧记·课标单词] 写 作 单 词 | 悉 其 识 1.　debt　 n．　　债务，欠款 2．　pace　 n. 速度；进度 3．　rarely　 adv. 很少，难得 4．　overnight　 adv. 突然，一下子 5．　nevertheless　 adv. 然而 6．　persevere　 v. 坚持不懈 7．　criticism　 n. 批评；指责 8．　classic　 n. 名著；经典作品 9．　endurance　 n. (忍)耐力 10．　guarantee　 v. 保证，确保 11．　outcome　 n. 结果，后果 12．　worthwhile　 adj. 重要的；值得做的 13．　blanket　 n. 毯子 14．　cucumber　 n. 黄瓜 15.　enthusiastic　 adj.　　热心的 16．　contest　 n. 比赛，竞赛 17．　upset　 adj. 心烦意乱的 18．　blessing　 n. 幸事，幸运 19．　mere　 adj. 仅仅，只不过 20．　companionship　 n. 友谊 21．　outline　 n. 外形；轮廓 22．　pageant　 n. 盛大的演出 23．　dawn　 n. 黎明 24．　revelation　 n. 展现，显示 25．　workaday　 adj. 平凡的；平淡的 26．　descend　 v. 降临 27．　mighty　 adj. 强有力的 28．　perfume　 n. 香味 29．　literary　 adj. 文学的 拓 展 单 词 | 通 其 用 1.inform vt.告知；通知→　information　 n．消息 2．delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.使高兴；使欣喜→　delighted　 adj.高兴的；快乐的→　delightful　 adj.令人高兴的 3．elect vt.选择；决定(做某事)；选举(某人)→　election　 n．选举 4．　appreciate　 vt.欣赏；感激→　appreciation　 n．欣赏；感激→appreciative adj.感激的 5．　embarrass　 vt.使尴尬；使困窘→embarrassed adj.尴尬的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→　embarrassment　 n．窘迫；难堪 阅读单词|明其义 1.dread v．　　　　　畏惧；惧怕　 2．manuscript n. 　手稿；底稿　 3．best­seller n. 　畅销书　 4．fingertip n. 　指尖　 5.amid prep.　　　在……之中　 6．relish n. 　享受；乐趣　 7．morsel n. 　一小片　 [Part 2　闪记·核心短语] 1.　worthy of　　　　　　　　值得……的 2．　turn down　 拒绝；把……调小 3．　have... in common　 有……相同之处 4．　struggle to do sth.　 努力做某事 5．　now and then　 有时，偶尔 6.in particular　　　　　特别；尤其　 7．go about 　忙于，着手做　 8．knock over 　撞倒　 9．in a sense 　在某种意义上　 10．run for 　竞选　 [Part 3　速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 1.have sth. done Emily Bront had to pay to 　have his/her poetry published　(出版他的/她的诗)． 2.虚拟语气 I have often thought it 　would be blessing　(是一件幸事) if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. 3.only＋状语(从句) Only when darkness had again descended upon me 　should I realize　(我才意识到) how much I had left unseen. [Part 4　积累·联想拓展] 多重“性格”集一身 “have”动词短语荟萃 ①stubborn　　　　固执的 ②introverted 内向的 ③outgoing 外向的 ④gentle 温和的 ⑤sensible 理智的 ⑥emotional 感性的 ①have fun　　　　　　　玩得开心 ②have access to 接近，得到 ③have... in common 有共同之处 ④have nothing to do with 与……无关 ⑤have trouble with 某事上有麻烦 ⑥have a look 看一看 [核心词汇——逐点清] 1．inform vt.告知；通知 ► [教材对接] (1)We regret to 　inform　 you... 我们很遗憾地通知你…… ①inform sb.of sth.告诉/通知某人某事 inform sb.that/when/how...通知某人…… keep sb.informed (of...)使某人随时了解(……) ②information n．[U]通知；消息；情报；信息 [基础练通]　单句语法填空 (2)(2025·浙江1月卷)If you've ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you'll know that there are few better ways to learn new 　information　 (inform) than to teach it. (3)It was considerate of Michael to inform us 　of　 his delay in case we got worried. (4)The boss asked his secretary to keep him well 　informed　(inform) of the programme's progress. [能力提升]　句型转换 (5)He informed the company of the ship's safe arrival. →　He informed the company that the ship had arrived safely　. (改为复合句) 2．guarantee vt.担保，保证，允诺n.保证书；抵押品；保修单 ► [教材对接] (1)So, it seems that talent alone isn't enough to 　guarantee　 success. 所以，看来光靠天赋还不足以保证成功。 ①guarantee to do sth.　　　保证做某事 保证某人得到某物 ②give sb.a guarantee 给某人保证/承诺 under guarantee 在保修期内 [基础练通]　单句语法填空 (2)Your cellphone is 　under　 guarantee, so we will repair it free of charge. (3)We guarantee 　to deliver　(deliver) your goods within a week. [能力提升]　完成句子 (4)(2024·全国甲卷)From then on, if I wanted to read an ending 　guaranteed to be happy　， I'd pick up a love romance. 从那时起，如果我想读一个结局保证是幸福的，我就会选一部爱情小说。 　如果表达“保证某人做某事”，guarantee不能用guarantee sb.to do sth.，只能用guarantee to do sth.或者guarantee＋that从句。常见的有类似用法的动词还有：hope，demand。 3．worthy adj.值得的，值得赞赏的 ► [教材对接] (1)How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing 　worthy　 of note? 我问自己，在树林里漫步一个小时，竟没有看到什么值得注意的东西，这怎么可能？ ①be worthy＋ ②worth adj.值得的 be (well) worth doing　　　　……(非常)值得做 be worth＋n. 值得……；值…… ③worthwhile adj.值得花时间/金钱/精力的 It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.值得做某事 　worth一般只作表语，可用程度副词well修饰；而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。 [基础练通]　单句语法填空 (2)Do you think the car is worthy 　to be repaired　(repair)? (3)Though the book is a bit dear，it is worthwhile 　to buy/buying　(buy) it. (4)The music is worth 　saving　(save)． [能力提升]　一句多译 既然你对传统的中国文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日值得你体验。 (5)Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture，　I think this festival is worth experiencing　.(worth) (6)Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture，　I think this festival is worthy to be experienced/of being experienced　.(worthy) (7)Because of your interest in traditional Chinese culture，　I think it is worthwhile experiencing/to experience this festival　.(worthwhile) 4．stick to坚持 ► [经典佳句] (1)Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is 　stuck to　 the burn. 除非衣服粘在烧伤面上，否则衣服都要脱掉。如果有必要的话，可用剪刀。 ①be stuck in　　　　　陷入；卡住 ②can't stick doing sth. 不能忍受做某事 ③stick out for 坚持要求 ④stick out 突出；伸出；显眼 [指点迷津] stick on意思是“粘贴，保持在……上面”，有时意思是“产生作用，生效，起作用”。而stick to多表示“坚持原则、计划、诺言、决定等”，还有“继续做某事”的意思，to是介词，其宾语多是名词rule，plan，idea，promise，decision等。 [基础练通]　单句语法填空 (2)He got the key 　stuck　(stick) in the lock. (3)She finds it difficult 　to stick　(stick) to a diet. (4)If you stick 　to　 the truth, you will have nothing to fear. [能力提升]　完成句子 (5)Once a decision has been made，all of us 　should stick to it　. 一旦做出一个决定，我们都应该坚持它。 5．upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.使不安；使心烦；打翻 ► [教材对接] (1)Why are you so 　upset　？ 你为什么如此烦恼？ ①be/feel upset about sth.为某事心烦 be upset to do sth./that... ……让人不安/心烦 ②It upsets sb.to do sth./that... 让某人心烦的是…… ③(近义词)nervous，uncomfortable [基础练通]　单句语法填空 (2)In my opinion，there is no point being upset 　about　 it. (3)She was upset 　to know　(know) that her application for the position was refused. (4)(2022·全国乙卷)However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of 　upsetting　(upset) consumers. 　①upset充当形容词时常用作表语，不能作定语；②upset作动词时，过去式和过去分词形式都是upset；其现在分词形式为upsetting。 [能力提升]　句式升级 (5)I didn't know enough words and my grammar was also poor so it really made me upset. →I didn't know enough words and my grammar was also poor，　which really upsets me　.(upset vt.定语从句) 6．persevere v．锲而不舍，坚持不懈 ► [教材对接] (1)Nevertheless，she 　persevered　. 尽管如此，她依然坚持不懈。 ①perseverance n．毅力，不屈不挠，坚持不懈 ②persevere in sth./in doing sth.坚持不懈做某事 ③persevere with sth.坚持某事 ④persevering adj.坚韧不拔的，不屈不挠的 [基础练通]　单句语法填空 (2)He has never stopped trying and shows great 　perseverance　(persevere)． (3)She persevered 　with　 her piano lessons. (4)Despite a number of setbacks, they persevered 　in　 their attempts to fly around the world in a balloon. (5)We all admired their 　persevering　(persevere) hard work. [能力提升]　完成句子 (6)She 　persevered in her studies　 and graduated near the top of her class. 她坚持不懈地学习，以接近全班第一名的成绩毕业。 7．delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的 ► [教材对接] (1)We are 　delighted　 to inform you... 我们很高兴地通知您…… ①delightful adj.令人喜悦的，令人快乐的 ②delight n．　　　　　　　　高兴；乐事 v. 使高兴，使快乐 take/find delight in 以……为乐 to one's delight 令人高兴的是 delight sb.with sth. 用某物使某人高兴 [基础练通]　单句语法填空 (2)(2021·全国甲卷)And officials at Port Lympne were 　delighted　(delight) with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos(犀牛) are known for being difficult to breed in captivity(圈养)． (3)The naughty boy takes a great delight 　in　 pulling the dog's tail. (4)　To　 her great delight she passed the examination with first­class honours. (5)It was the most 　delightful　(delight) garden I had ever seen. [能力提升]　完成句子 (6)We decide to hold a New Year's Party on the New Year's Eve.Therefore，we 　take great delight in inviting you to the party　. 我们决定在新年前夕举行新年聚会。因此，我们非常高兴邀请你参加聚会。 [间考词汇——要知晓] 1．debt n．债务，欠款 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The company is deep 　in　 debt and cannot operate as usual. (2)After many years' hard work, he is out 　of　 debt. (3)It took Charlie ten years 　to pay off his debt　. 查利花了十年时间才还清了债务。 2．rarely adv.很少，难得 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)I often deal with customers on the phone and 　rarely　(rare) meet them face to face. (2)I often remind myself how 　rare　(rarely) it is for me to have such an opportunity. (3)Rarely 　have we seen　 such a beautiful sunset. 我们很少看到这样漂亮的晚霞。 3．elect vt.选举；选择，决定 单句语法填空/单句写作 (1)—I'm going to vote for Jackson in the next 　election　(elect). How about you? —Me, too. He's the best man for the position. (2)(2021·浙江卷) After Lincoln 　was elected　(elect) President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and sold most of their furniture. (3)　All the people agreed to elect him chairman.　 所有的人都同意选他当主席。 4．embarrassed adj.尴尬的，难堪的 用embarrass的适当形式填空 (1)(2022·全国甲卷)Don't get caught making an 　embarrassing　 mistake at a restaurant. (2)When Tony offered to help her dressing，Claire felt 　embarrassed　. (3)(2025·浙江1月卷)He smiled weakly at Kevin, who felt a mix of 　embarrassment　 and relief. 1．Emily Bront had to pay to 　have his/her poetry published　. Emily Bront 不得不花钱出版了他/她的诗。 本句中have his/her poetry published是have sth. done结构，意思为“使某事完成”。 用 法 归 纳 ①have sth. done让/叫别人做某事；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情；使某事完成 ②have sb. do sth.让某人做某事 ③have sb. doing sth.意为“允许某人做某事”时，常用于否定句中；意为“让某人一直做某事”时，强调动作的持续性 ④have sth. to do有事情要做(不定式作定语) 注 意 事 项 该句型解题的关键在于搞明白have的含义。 ①have是使役动词就要考虑have sb. doing；have sb. do；have sth. done ②have是及物动词表示“有”的含义时，就要考虑have sth. to do [基础练通]　单句语法填空 (1)You can't have your air conditioner 　working　(work) day and night，which is a waste of electricity. (2)(2025·浙江1月卷)I'm honored to have my voice 　heard　(hear) to make a difference in the lives of those little birds that share our city. (3)Time is urgent and we still have a lot of work 　to do　(do)，so everyone must pull his finger out. [能力提升]　完成句子 (4)(全国Ⅲ卷)I'm terribly sorry for not being able to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.I have just found that I 　have an important meeting to attend　(有一个重要的会议要参加) that afternoon. (5)I won't 　have you making the same mistake　(允许你犯同样的错误) again and again. 2．“I 　wasn't going to give up until　 every single publisher turned me down，but I often feared that would happen，” she later posted. “我不会放弃的，直到所有的出版商都拒绝我。不过我常常担心那会发生。”她后来说。 本句是not...until句型。 ①not until/till意为“直到……才”，主句常用终止性动词(非延续性动词)，指until/till所表示的时间一到，该动作就发生。 ②not until放在句首时要用倒装语序。 ③强调结构中也常常出现not until结构，常见句型为：It is/was not until...that... ④not until置于句首构成倒装句以及until放在句首时，均不能用till替换until。 [基础练通]　单句语法填空 (1)Not until I came home last night 　did　(do) Mum go to bed. (2)It wasn't until nearly a month later 　that　 I received the manager's reply. (3)I did not receive your letter 　until　 yesterday. [能力提升]　完成句子 (4)When an earthquake happens，if you are indoor，take cover under a desk quickly and 　do not move until the floor stops shaking　. 当地震发生时，如果你在室内，迅速以桌子为遮蔽物，不要移动，直到地板停止震动。 [全练透] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．He gave me a 　guarantee　(保证) that it would never happen again. 2．I like listening to 　classic　(经典) music while Tom likes pop music. 3．—What was last night's 　outcome　(结果), Mary? —France narrowly beat Germany 2－1 in the thrilling final. 4．He is always 　enthusiastic　(热心的) about social work. 5．When the report was finished, my instructor made an 　appreciative　(欣赏的，赏识的) comment. 6．Reality is temporary while ideal is 　permanent　(永恒的)． Ⅱ.语境填空 1．I wish you to keep every member 　informed　(inform) of how things are going along. 2．She is a warm­hearted person.　Rarely　(rare) does she refuse to help others. 3．Time 　permitting　(permit)，we'd better have a rest this weekend. 4．I can't get on well with him，for we have nothing 　in　 common with each other. 5．While 　walking　(walk) along the river bank，she was singing a pop song with her classmates. 6．She has been busy preparing her paper with herself 　locked　(lock) in her study all day. 7．We guarantee 　to refund　(refund) your money if you are not delighted with your purchase. 8．Don't offer 　to comment　(comment)if you cannot understand the real meaning. 9．The purpose of the passage is to inform us 　of　 the reason for protecting the heritage. 10．He understood that it was the fault of his skin colour that accounted for their 　rejection　(reject). Ⅲ.选词填空 worthy of, turn down, now and then, in particular，in a sense, knock over 1．His statement refers to people in general, not to anyone 　in particular　. 2．While crossing the road, the old man was 　knocked over　 by a bike and badly injured. 3．The young man was 　worthy of　 the title of model worker. 4．　In a sense　， the plan is reasonable and practical. 5．He can't make ends meet every month and runs into debt 　now and then　. 6．How could you 　turn down　 the offer of a job in the company? Ⅳ.完成句子 1．尽管受伤严重，露西还是挣扎着站起来，向医院走去。 In spite of the serious injury, Lucy 　struggled to her feet and walked towards the hospital　. 2．财富并不总是幸福的保证。 Wealth is not always 　a guarantee of happiness　. 3．下公共汽车时他的一条腿摔断了。 He has 　his leg broken　 when he got off the bus. 4．你能描述一次你帮助他人的经历吗？ Can you describe a time 　when you helped someone　？ 5．孩子只有长大了才会明白父母的用意。 Only when a child grows up 　can he understand his parents' intentions　. [重落实] Ⅰ.单元巩固练 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)。 What does every writer most dread 1.　reading　 (read) among the comments from publishers? Yes, it's “We regret 2.　to inform　(inform) you...”， which will make the writers' hearts sink. In fact, a lot of successful writers have 3.　previously　(previous) faced rejection. J．K. Rowling, after a total of twelve rejections, eventually got her first book of Harry Potter published, which became 4.　a　 global success. Another famous writer J．D. Salinger persevered 5.　in　 working on his novel The Catcher in the Rye despite the criticism along with rejections from several publishers and when it was eventually published, it became an immediate best­seller. The three Brontё sisters lived in the Victorian Age, a time 6.　when　 women were not encouraged to become writers. Although they 7.　dreamed/dreamt　(dream) of seeing their words in print, they experienced many rejections. However, they persevered and now, Charlotte's Jane Eyer, Emily's Wuthering Heights and Anne's Agnes Grey 8.　are regarded　 (regard) as classics of world literature. From the stories above, we can learn that it's 9.　perseverance　(persevere) that made them realize their dreams. Therefore, keep trying and you'll eventually read the words “We are 10.　delighted　(delight) to inform you...” Ⅱ.话题微写作(邮件) 假定你是李华，春节期间你参加了你们社区的志愿者活动，请你给你的外国朋友David写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．你所做的事情； 2．你的感想。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．尽可能用本单元知识点； 3．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear David， I hope this e­mail finds you well.___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua [参考范文] 　Dear_David，　 　I_hope_this_e­mail_finds_you_well.　 I'm thrilled to share with you what I volunteered to do for my community during the Spring Festival. I helped clean public areas and decorated the community with festive items such as lanterns and couplets to create a joyful atmosphere. I also visited some elderly people living alone, chatting with them and bringing some gifts to show care and warmth. It was a meaningful experience, raising my awareness of caring for our community. It made me further understand that every small act of kindness can make a big difference. I hope I'll have more chances to experience volunteering. 　Yours，　 　Li_Hua　 Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(20)——“悲伤”“沮丧”和“孤独”(二) ●[多样表达] 1．frustrated adj.沮丧的 2．upset adj.心烦的v.使生气 3．sad adj.悲伤的 4．sadly adv.悲伤地 5．sadness n．悲伤 6．in an unpleasant mood心情不悦 7．in low spirits情绪低落 8．sadness comes in waves悲伤如潮涌 9．an ocean of sadness一直悲伤，极度悲伤 10．with grief悲伤的 11．break out in tears突然大哭 12．fight back one's tears强忍住泪水 ●[佳句观摩] 1．听到她没获奖的消息，她的心都沉了下去。 When she heard the news that she failed to win a prize，her heart sank. 2．她咬着下唇，心里很悲伤。 She bit her bottom lip with sadness filling her heart. 3．她情绪低落，拖着两条沉重的腿，疲惫不堪地回到了家。 In an unpleasant mood，she dragged her heavy legs back home，tired out. ●[好句仿写] 1．因为他的祖父去世，他一直沉浸在悲伤中。 Since his grandfather passed away，he has been floating 　in an ocean of sadness　. 2．她一头倒在床上，情不自禁地痛哭起来。 She threw herself down onto the bed，and 　couldn't help crying bitterly　. 3．一进入自己的卧室，她就觉得悲伤如潮涌。 On entering her bedroom，she felt that 　sadness came in waves　. [培优1]　单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 1．They are refusing to inject any more capital(资金) into the industry.　v．(给……)投入(资金)　 2．Anyway，I tried to pace myself，and after a while，the other runners started getting slower，so I was able to overtake them and finally win the race！　v．控制节奏或速度　 3．We had to offer our house as a guarantee when getting the loan.　n．抵押品；保证金　 二、一词多义——据语境选出pace的含义 A．n.速度；步伐　　　　　　　　B．n.节奏 C．vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏 D．vi.走来走去 1．To be honest，I prefer the relaxed pace of life in the country.　 B 　 2．She stood up and began to pace up and down.　 D 　 3．When John found he was going to be late, he stepped up his pace.　 A 　 4．It's a long climb，so you have to pace yourself.　 C 　 [培优2]　高考语篇培素养——Topic：对社会有突出贡献的人物 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 　　(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer­causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco­machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco­machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse­like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco­machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self­repair.” 1.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs？ A.He was fond of traveling. B.He enjoyed being alone. C.He had an inquiring mind. D.He longed to be a doctor. 2.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks？ A.To feed the animals. B.To build an ecosystem. C.To protect the plants. D.To test the eco­machine. 3.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou？ A.To review John's research plans. B.To show an application of John's idea. C.To compare John's different jobs. D.To erase doubts about John's invention. 4.What is the basis for John's work？ A.Nature can repair itself. B.Organisms need water to survive. C.Life on Earth is diverse. D.Most tiny creatures live in groups. [语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，长大后他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。 1．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。] 2．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge.(几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去。)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco­machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.(他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净的水。)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里为了测试生态机器。] 3．B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse­like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco­machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。] 4．A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self­repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式。)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。] ◆素材积累 (一)由文本积累主题词块 1．explore the woods　探索森林　 2．solve problems　解决问题　 3．be used to do　被用来做　 4．clean up the messes　清理脏物　 5．combination of animals and plants　动植物结合　 6．remove harmful substances from some sludge　从污泥中除去有害物质　 7．little by little　 逐渐地　 8．take on many big jobs　 承担了很多大型工作项目　 (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 1．observe v．　观察　 2．stream n．　小溪　 3．creature n．　 生物　 4．process n．　过程　 5．trap v．　困住　 6．remove v．　 除去　 7．organism n．　有机体　 8．ecosystem n．　生态系统　 (三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填到横线上) 1．spare A．额外的　B．高挑的　C．业余的　D．备用的 ①She was thin and spare. 　 B 　 ②I have several spare batteries in my house.　 D 　 2．digest A．消化　　B．理解　　C．摘要　　D．把……分类 ①The organization publishes a digest of statistics.　 C 　 ② Allow your food to digest before exercising.　 A 　 ◆长句缩写 A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. [句式剖析]　请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)去掉，留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表)。 A (dirty) stream, (for example), (often) became clear [after flowing through plants along rocks (where tiny creatures lived)]. [句子缩写]　 　A stream became clear.　(不超过10个单词) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $