Unit2语法(现在完成时态讲解II)讲解与练习（导学案）2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦现在完成时态，核心讲解持续用法（搭配for/since需延续性动词）与完成用法（瞬间动词表结果），通过对比一般过去时与现在完成时的时间状语差异搭建学习支架，帮助学生梳理前后知识脉络。 资料亮点在于提供中考高频瞬间动词-延续性表达转换表、易错总结及“for/since/How long”做题口诀，结合填空、选择等多样化练习。能提升学生语言能力（准确运用时态），培养思维品质（分析动词特性），通过策略化学习增强学习能力，助力语法教学高效开展。

Unit2 Getting along语法讲解与练习 现在完成时态讲解(二) 一、核心语法总览 现在完成时结构：主语+ have/has + 过去分词 本单元两大核心用法: 1.持续用法：动作/状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在，常搭配 for +时间段/since + 时间点；必须使用延续性动词 例句 1（for + 时间段） I have lived in Wuhan for 8 years. 我已经在武汉住了 8 年。 解析:live(居住,延续动词)；8年前开始住,现在还住在武汉;for 8 years表时长。 例句 2（since + 时间点） She has known him since 2018. 自从 2018 年起她就认识他了。 解析：know（认识，延续动词）；2018 年认识,到现在依旧认识；since 2018 接过去时间点。 2.完成用法：动作在过去发生、已经结束，侧重结果，不强调持续； ❌短暂动词（瞬间动词）只能用于这类句子，不能和 for/since 时间段连用 ✅例句 1（come 瞬间动词：来） He has come. 他已经来了。 解析：“来” 这个动作已经完成，结果是人现在在这里；动作一瞬间完成，本句没有 for/since，句子成立。 ❌错误：He has come for two hours.（come 瞬间动词，不能接时长） ✅要表达持续：He has been here for two hours. ✅例句 2（buy 瞬间动词：买） I have bought a new bike. 我买了一辆新自行车。 解析：买的动作在过去已经结束；侧重结果：我现在拥有这辆车；没有时间状语 for/since。 ❌错误：I have bought the bike for three years. ✅要表达持续：I have had the bike for three years. 关键结论 带 for/since 时间段表持续 → 延续性动词 动作已完成（无时间段、just/already 等）→ 可用瞬间动词 for 和 since 区分 连词 用法 例句 for 后面接一段时间（时长） for three months,for a year,for two hours since 后面接过去时间点/过去从句 since Friday,since last year,since 2023,since I was 10 提问持续时长：How long 只要句子用 for/since，提问一律用 How long；不能用 When How long have you had the dog? 时态对比（相同时间段，时态含义不同） 1.I stayed in the hotel for a week last summer.👉一般过去时：动作发生在过去，现在已经结束，和现在无关 2.I have stayed in the hotel for a week now.👉现在完成时：从过去持续到现在，现在依然住在酒店 3.I will stay in the hotel for a week next month.👉一般将来时：未来将要发生 二、重难点：瞬间动词 vs 延续性动词 瞬间动词（非延续性动词）：动作一瞬间结束，不能持续。 例：arrive, come, go, buy, borrow, die, leave, begin, stop, join ✅Tom has come.（汤姆来了，动作完成） ❌Tom has come for two hours.（come 是瞬间动作，不可持续） 延续性动词 / 状态短语：可以长期存在，才能搭配 for/since ✅Tom has been here for two hours. 中考高频瞬间动词→延续性表达转换表 瞬间动词 （不可与for/since连用） 对应的延续性表达 中文释义 buy have 购买 → 拥有 borrow keep 借进 → 持有 die be dead 死亡 → 处于死亡状态 leave be away (from…) 离开 → 不在某地 arrive / come / get to be in / be at / be here 到达、来 → 在某地 go (to) be away (in/at…) 去往某地 → 在某地 join be in +组织/be a member of 加入（团体）→ 成为成员 begin / start be on 开始 → 进行中 finish / end be over 结束 → 完结状态 open be open 开门 → 开着的 close be closed 关门 → 关闭的 get married be married 结婚 → 已婚状态 fall asleep be asleep 入睡 → 睡着 wake up be awake 醒来 → 醒着 catch a cold have a cold 感冒 → 患感冒 lose be lost 丢失 → 遗失状态 receive/get have 收到 → 拥有 例句对照 1.He bought the bike 3 years ago. ✅He has had the bike for 3 years.（不能用 has bought） 2.The film began ten minutes ago. ✅The film has been on for ten minutes. 3.His grandpa died in 2020. ✅His grandpa has been dead since 2020. 4.He joined the army two years ago. ✅He has been in the army for two years. 三、现在完成时另外一种用法：表数量累积 不强调持续，侧重 “到目前为止一共……”，不接 for/since，动词不需要转换延续动词。 I have learnt 20 English songs. I have collected 300 stamps. 四、高频易错总结 1.❌I have left home for 5 days.  ✅I have been away from home for 5 days. leave 是瞬间动词，不能持续 2.❌How long have you bought this pen? ✅How long have you had this pen? 3. 区分两句： He has come.（他来了，刚到，瞬间动作，无时长） He has been here for an hour.（他已经在这一小时，持续状态） 五、做题口诀 看到 for/since / How long →立刻检查动词！瞬间动词→换成对应的延续性短语！ 【巩固练习】 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1.I ________ (have) this watch since I was twelve years old. 2.Tom ________ (be) here for two hours. Don’t wait for him to leave soon. 3.The shop ________ (be) closed for three days because of the holiday. 4.His grandfather ________ (die) since 2022. 5.How long ________ you ________ (keep) this storybook? 6.We ________ (be) good friends for over ten years. 7.The film ________ (be) on for twenty minutes. You missed the beginning. 8.She ________ (buy) a new phone last month. She ________ (have) it for one month. 9.My brother ________ (join) the club one year ago. He ______ (be) a member for a year. 10.They ________ (be) away from their hometown since last summer. 11.The meeting ________ (be) over for half an hour. 12.I ________ (not sleep) well since I ________ (catch) a cold last week. 13.How long ________ your sister ________ (be) married? 14.The door ________ (open) for the whole morning. 15.He ________ (lose) his key yesterday. His key ________ (be) lost for one day. 16.We ________ (collect) more than 200 stamps so far. 17.He ________ just ________ (come), so he needs a rest. 18.You ________ (learn) lots of English songs up to now. 19.It ________ (be) five years since we first met. 20.They ________ not ________ (see) each other since last winter. 21.My mother ________ (not be) at home for three days. 22.The boy ________ (fall) asleep an hour ago. He ________ (be) asleep for an hour. 23.________ you ________ (know) him for a long time? 24.She ________ (not borrow) books from the library since last term. 25.How many English words ________ you ________ (learn) by now? 二、单项选择 1.—How long ______ you ______ this bike? —For two years. A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. do; have 2.His grandma ______ for five years. A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead 3.The football match ______ for 15 minutes when we got there. A. has been on B. had been on C. began D. has begun 4.—When did you ______ the army? —Two years ago. I ______ a soldier for two years. A. join; am B. join; have been C. take part in; am D. take part in; have been 5.Tom ______ just ______ to the library. He will be back soon. A. has; gone B. has; been C. went D. is; going 6.—How long has your brother ______ in Beijing? —Since last Friday. A. arrived B. come C. been D. got 7.The shop ______, so we can’t buy anything now. It ______ for two hours. A. closed; closed B. closed; has closed C. is closed; has been closed D. is closed; closed 8.I ______ this pen for three years. I can’t throw it away. A. have bought B. bought C. have had D. buy 9.—______ have you lived in this city? —Since 2018. A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. When 10.They ______ their hometown for nearly 8 years. A. left B. have left C. were away from D. have been away from 11.My parents ______ for 20 years. A. married B. have married C. have been married D. got married 12.The light ______. Don’t turn it off. It ______ for three hours. A. is on; has been on B. on; has opened C. is open; has opened D. open; is on 13.He ______ many cartoon books up to now. A. collects B. collected C. has collected D. will collect 14.—Has Mike arrived? —Yes. He ______ here for ten minutes. A. arrives B. arrived C. has arrived D. has been 15.I ______ much exercise since I got my new computer last year. A. don’t do B. didn’t do C. haven’t done D. won’t do 三、句型改写 要求：同义句转换，使用现在完成时。 例句：He left home three days ago. → He has been away from home for three days. 1.The film began ten minutes ago. _______________________________________________ 2.My uncle died in 2021. _______________________________________________ 3.I bought this camera half a year ago. _______________________________________________ 4.She borrowed the novel a week ago. _______________________________________________ 5.They arrived in Shanghai yesterday. _______________________________________________ 6.He joined the football club two years ago. _______________________________________________ 7.The shop closed at 8 o’clock. _______________________________________________ 8.They got married in 2016. _______________________________________________ 9.The meeting finished an hour ago. _______________________________________________ 10.I came to this town five months ago. _______________________________________________ 四、汉译英 1.我养这只猫已经 4 个月了。 _______________________________________________ 2.自从周五起，他就一直不舒服。 _______________________________________________ 3.这部电影已经放映半小时了。 _______________________________________________ 4.他爷爷去世六年了。 _______________________________________________ 5.你认识 Betty 多久了？ _______________________________________________ 6.自从去年有了手机，我就没怎么看书了。 _______________________________________________ 7.Tom 已经在这里待了两个小时。 _______________________________________________ 8.到目前为止，我已经收集了 250 枚邮票。 _______________________________________________ 9.我的哥哥参军三年了。 _______________________________________________ 10.这家商店关门整整三天了。 _______________________________________________ Keys 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1.have had 2.has been 3.has been 4.has been dead 5.have; kept 6.have been 7.has been on 8.bought; has had 9.joined; has been 10.have been 11.has been over 12.haven’t slept; caught 13.has; been 14.has been open 15.lost; has been lost 16.have collected 17.has; come 18.have learnt / have learned 19.has been 20.haven’t; seen 21.hasn’t been 22.fell; has been 23.Have; known 24.haven’t borrowed 25.have; learnt / have learned 二、单项选择 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.C 三、句型改写 1.The film has been on for ten minutes. 2.My uncle has been dead since 2021. 3.I have had this camera for half a year. 4.She has kept the novel for a week. 5.They have been in Shanghai for one day. / They have been in Shanghai since yesterday. 6.He has been in the football club for two years. 7.The shop has been closed since 8 o’clock. 8.They have been married since 2016. 9.The meeting has been over for an hour. 10.I have been in this town for five months. 四、汉译英 1.I have had this cat for four months. 2.He has been ill since Friday. 3.The film has been on for half an hour. 4.His grandfather has been dead for six years. 5.How long have you known Betty? 6.I haven’t read many books since I got a mobile phone last year. 7.Tom has been here for two hours. 8.I have collected 250 stamps so far. 9.My brother has been in the army for three years. 10.The shop has been closed for three whole days. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $