高考英语真题熟词生义专项梳理 清单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习知识清单系统梳理了2020-2024年高考英语真题中的熟词生义现象，涵盖新高考、全国甲乙卷、浙江统考等卷种的阅读、完形、语法填空题型，按真题语境分十二组呈现高频词汇的多义用法。 清单采用熟义与生义对比、真题原句及翻译结合的方式，如“cover”标注“覆盖”“涉及”“支付”等生义并配真题例句，培养学生语言能力和语境理解思维。分组系统整理构建词汇网络，标注高频考点如“develop”“treat”等多义项，辅助学生精准记忆，教师可据此优化复习策略，提升备考效率。

高考英语真题熟词生义专项梳理（2020–2024） 素材全部取自近五年新高考、全国甲乙卷、浙江统考阅读、完形、语法填空原题。 第一组 1.sensitive 熟义：adj. 敏感的 生义：adj. 易受影响的；需保护的 原句：Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 翻译：栖息地恢复团队的志愿者们在恢复易受影响的资源和保护山脊与山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。 2.condition 熟义：n. 状态，状况 生义：n.（因无法根治而长期患有的）慢性病 原句：Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. 翻译：利・廷戴尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏慢性病。 3.sleep 熟义：v. 睡眠 生义：v.（动物）安乐死 原句：After Charlie had a heart attack， Tindale says， she was prepared to put him to sleep， but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. 翻译：廷戴尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她本已准备好让它安乐死，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了狗狗的痛苦，能够让它多活了五个月。 4.cover 熟义：v. 覆盖 生义：v. 涉及；走完（一段路程）；支付开销 例句 1：And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material？ 翻译：在涉及相同材料时，听和看内容是否和阅读书面文字一样有效？ 例句 2：However， most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. 翻译：然而，商店里的大多数农产品在到达餐桌之前，都经过了数周的运输，并走了数百英里的路程。 例句 3：Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills. 翻译：她丈夫打两份工用以支付各项生活开支。 5.print 熟义：n. 印刷 生义：n. 出版物，印刷品 原句：The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. 翻译：当实验者从提出简单任务（如识别阅读段落中的主旨）转向需要进行抽象思维的任务（例如从文本中推断结论）时，纸质阅读的好处尤其明显。 6.pose 熟义：n.（拍照、画像的）姿势 v. 摆姿势；造成 生义：v. 提出（任务、问题） 7.property 熟义：n. 资产，房产 生义：n. 性质，物理特性 原句：The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. 翻译：印刷品阅读和数字阅读结果之间的差异部分与纸张的物理特性有关。 8.geography 熟义：n. 地理（学科） 生义：n. 页面视觉布局 原句：With paper， there is a literal laying on of hands， along with the visual geography of distinct pages. 翻译：对于纸质阅读，读者会有实实在在的触摸手感，同时能清晰分辨不同页面的视觉布局。 9.say 熟义：v. 说，讲述 生义：v. 比如说，例如 原句：Audio and video can feel more engaging than text， and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say， assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. 翻译：音频和视频往往比文字更有吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地采用这类素材 —— 比如，用线上讲座代替同一作者的文章作为阅读作业。 10.approach 熟义：vi. 靠近 n. 方法，途径 生义：v. 处理（文本、难题） 原句：According to this theory， people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media， which are often not so serious， and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. 翻译：根据这一理论，人们阅读电子文本时会带着浏览社交软件的松弛心态，相比纸质阅读，投入的思考更少。 11.piece 熟义：n. 块，张，片 生义：n. 单篇报道、新闻、阅读篇目 原句：However， psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories， they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. 翻译：然而心理学家证实，成年人阅读文字新闻时，对内容的记忆效果远好于观看、收听相同内容的影音素材。 12.document 熟义：n. 文件，公文 生义：v. 实地记录、留存资料 原句：In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct， researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. 翻译：为赶在地球物种灭绝前完成记录，研究人员与民间科学家已经收集了数十亿份物种档案。 第二组 1.leaf 熟义：n. 树叶；书页 生义：v. 翻阅书页 原句：Of course， these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses， but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. 翻译：如今线上词典、同义词库随处可见，但我偏爱精装纸质书，能用手指随意翻阅书页。 2.house 熟义：n. 房屋，住宅 生义：v. 安置、存放、栽种 原句：The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design， to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 翻译：这座玻璃温室是当代设计的杰出成果，用以栽种来自中国西南地区的植物；这些植物沿丝绸之路从亚洲原生地传入，极大丰富了英国园艺品类。 3.promise 熟义：v. 许诺，承诺 生义：v. 有望，很可能带来某种效果 原句：With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide， this walk promises to be an informative tour. 翻译：由环保学者埃安娜・拉赫纳带队，这场徒步旅行定会收获丰富知识。 4.chief 熟义：adj. 主要的，首要的 生义：adj. 首席的 原句：“You enter the fare gates and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute， a three-minute， or a five-minute story，” says Alicia Trost， the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. 翻译：旧金山湾区捷运系统首席通讯官阿丽西亚・特罗斯特表示：“走进检票口就能看到亮灯服务亭，可领取时长 1/3/5 分钟的短篇故事。” 5.call 熟义：n. 呼叫；称呼 生义：n. 征集、邀约、呼吁 原句：“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest，” Trost says. 翻译：特罗斯特说：“我们计划面向湾区创作者征集短篇故事参赛。” 6.solid 熟义：adj. 固体的；实心的 生义：adj. 可靠的，稳妥的 原句：While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey， Babylon Micro-Farm shortens it even more. 翻译：农贸市场是缩短农产品运输距离的稳妥选择，而巴比伦微型农场能进一步减少运输路程。 7.address 熟义：n. 地址 生义：v. 解决（难题）；公开发表演说 例句 1：This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution. 翻译：卡蒂奥娜・坎贝尔这本内容详实的新书，为应对即将到来的人工智能变革挑战提供了可行方案。 例句 2：Norman Stienwand， who farms in that area， has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. 翻译：当地农场主诺曼・斯泰因万德多年来一直在公开会议上就此问题发表看法。 8.power 熟义：n. 力量；权力 生义：v. 驱动（机械、程序） 原句：In the wrong hands， such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but， thankfully， Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. 翻译：这套理论若缺乏专业解读，会和驱动人工智能的代码一样晦涩难懂；好在坎贝尔拥有二十余年从业经验，能把复杂理论通俗化。 9.draw 熟义：v. 绘画；拖拽 生义：v. 吸引（游客、人群） 原句：Go somewhere only when the landscape， culture or food deeply draws you. 翻译：只有一处地方的风景、人文或美食深深吸引你时，才值得专程前往。 10.skip 熟义：v. 蹦跳；跳过 生义：v. 避开（高峰、节假日） 原句：Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. 翻译：避开节假日与出行高峰，既能降低游览压力，又能提升游玩体验。 第三组 1.throw 熟义：v. 投掷，抛 生义 1：v.（陶艺）拉坯 原句：Wheel Throwing 翻译：陶轮拉坯 生义 2：n. 沙发盖布、布艺罩 原句：Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing， I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”. 翻译：为吸引优秀演员无偿合作，我在沙发铺好布艺盖毯、点上蜡烛，营造简约年轻化的工作室氛围。 2.tell 熟义：v. 告诉 生义：v. 分辨，识别差异 原句：That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats， which they don’t usually like. 翻译：这就是大多数宠物猫能立刻分辨主人是否接触过其他猫咪的原因，它们通常很排斥这点。 3.slow 熟义：adj. 缓慢的 生义：v. 放缓，放慢节奏 原句：It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. 翻译：我们应当放慢节奏，把食物看作补充营养的载体，而非会议间隙随便果腹的东西。 4.favor 熟义：n. 好意，喜爱 生义：v. 偏爱，优待 原句：Like in typical families， where boys were favored much more than girls， my grandma had to stay at home to do housework. 翻译：在旧时传统家庭中男孩远比女孩受偏爱，我的祖母因此只能居家操持家务。 5.cast 熟义：v. 投送（目光、笑容） 生义：n. 影视剧、舞台剧全体演员 6.regular 熟义：adj. 规律的，日常的 生义：n. 常驻演员、剧场常客 7.credit 熟义：n. 信用；学分；贷款 生义 1：n. 赞誉、认可 生义 2：v. 将成就归功于某人 例句 1：He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it was first performed and is a Children’s Theatre regular， with five shows to his credit. 翻译：他是《汤姆・索亚》首演演员，也是儿童剧场常驻演员，参演五部剧目广受好评。 例句 2：She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. 翻译：她将这些手艺归功于已故的外祖父 —— 建筑工匠德里克・劳埃德。 8.experiment 熟义：n. 实验 生义：v. 尝试、体验 原句：This unbeatable price point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. 翻译：低廉的价格让我愿意尝试购入许多平时不会选购的书籍。 9.thirsty 熟义：adj. 口渴的 生义：adj. 干旱缺水的 10.seed 熟义：n. 种子 生义：v. （云层）播撒催雨 原句：But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. 翻译：阿尔伯塔省中东部的农户位于人工防雹作业下风向，他们担忧人工降雨会夺走干旱土地本就稀缺的水分。 11.prize 熟义：n. 奖品，奖赏 生义：v. 高度珍视、看重 原句：Our formative environment as a species was information-poor， so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. 翻译：人类早期生存环境信息匮乏，大脑因此演化出本能，格外珍视全新信息。 12.set 熟义：v. 放置；启动 生义：adj. 固定安排好的，既定的 原句：Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures， read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. 翻译：务必规划固定时段观看网课、阅读资料并参与线上讨论。 第四组 1.bike 熟义：n. 自行车 生义：v. 骑行游览 原句：You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. 翻译：你也可以骑行游览阿姆斯特丹郊外的优美风光。 2.around 熟义：prep. 在…… 周围 生义：adv. 存在、问世 原句：MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. 翻译：MacBike 租车公司已有近三十年历史，是阿姆斯特丹规模最大的单车租赁商。 3.cover 熟义：n. 封面 生义：v. 包含、涵盖 原句：The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill， the Skinny Bridge， the Rijksmuseum， Heineken Brewery and much more. 翻译：这场 2.5 小时游览涵盖古耶风车、瘦桥、国立博物馆、喜力酒厂等多处景点。 4.clear 熟义：adj. 清晰的 生义：adj. 透明的 原句：First， he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. 翻译：首先，他搭建了一组相互连通的透明玻璃纤维储水箱。 5.life 熟义：n. 生活 生义：n. 各类生物、活体物种 原句：Little by little， these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. 翻译：久而久之，各类生物相互适应，形成了完整的小型生态系统。 6.develop 熟义：v. 发展 生义：v. 研发、搭建设施 7.treat 熟义：v. 对待 生义：v. （化学方式）净化、处理污水 原句：He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. 翻译：他搭建了一套温室式设备，用以处理南伯灵顿 1600 户居民的生活污水。 8.trap 熟义：v. 困住 生义：v. 吸附、留存（有害物质） 原句：Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria？ Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals？ 翻译：为什么部分植物能够吸附有害细菌？哪些鱼类可以分解致癌化学物质？ 9.work 熟义：n. 工作 生义：v. 奏效、起作用 原句：You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them， and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. 翻译：你可以倾听参与者的经历，了解哪些方法切实有效，同时规避他们踩过的误区。 10.value 熟义：n. 价值 生义：v. 重视、看重 原句：At the end of the thirty days， you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 翻译：三十天试验结束后，你可以恢复少量精心筛选的线上活动，选择那些能为自己真正看重的事物带来增益的内容。 11.run 熟义：v. 奔跑 生义：v. 开展、组织（实验、项目） 原句：In doing so， I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. 翻译：此处我会参考 2018 年我组织的一项实验，当时有 1600 多人参与数字生活精简测试。 12.average 熟义：n. 平均数 生义：v. 取平均值、平均计算 原句：When enough of these errors are averaged together， they cancel each other out， resulting in a more accurate estimate. 翻译：大量误差经过平均计算后会相互抵消，得出更精准的估算结果。 第五组 1.reason 熟义：n. 理由，缘由 生义：v. 推理、思辨、共同论证 原句：Most frequently， the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” 翻译：多数小组反馈，他们会交换观点、共同推理分析问题。 2.global 熟义：adj. 全球的 生义：adj. 整体的、全盘的 原句：Somehow， these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. 翻译：交流思辨过后，整体估算误差出现明显下降。 3.put 熟义：v. 放置 生义：v. 书写、写下文字 原句：At the top of a second page， put the heading “Acts of kindness.” 翻译：在第二页页面顶端，写下标题 “暖心善举”。 4.course 熟义：n. 课程；一道菜 生义：n. 赛道、赛程 原句：Melanie Bailey should have finished the course earlier than she did. 翻译：梅兰妮・贝利本可以更早跑完赛程。 5.display 熟义：v. 展示 生义：n.（品格、善意的）流露、展现 原句：Neither won the race， but the display of human kindness won the day. 翻译：两人虽未夺得赛事名次，但她们流露的人性善意打动了所有人。 6.harvest 熟义：n. 丰收 生义：v. 收割、采摘农作物 原句：Turning soil， pulling weeds， and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. 翻译：翻土、除草、收割卷心菜，对初高中学生而言都是辛苦农活。 7.represent 熟义：v. 代表 生义：v. 展现、描绘 原句：Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book， represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. 翻译：《阅读艺术：书迷专属艺术展》聚焦书籍这一日常物件，展出全球博物馆近三百件以书本为主题的艺术作品。 8.network 熟义：n. 网络 生义：v. 网络化、互联 9.monitor 熟义：n. 班长；监视器 生义：v. 监控、追踪数据 原句：And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked， a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private， “off-line” activity. 翻译：如今生活全面网络化，个人浏览信息全程被监控追踪；而纸质阅读仍是完全私密、脱离网络的体验。 10.balloon 熟义：n. 气球 生义：v. （城市规模）急剧扩张、膨胀 原句：As cities balloon with growth， access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. 翻译：随着城市规模不断扩张，城市居民接触自然的机会越来越少。 11.study 熟义：n. 学习 生义：n. 绘画小稿、习作 原句：These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 翻译：这些小幅写生习作能够激发创作灵感，是完成大型作品的铺垫。 第六组 1.tell 熟义：v. 告诉 生义：v. 分辨、看出端倪 2.trust 熟义：v. 信任、相信 生义：v. 寄望、期盼一切顺利 原句：George， the husband， was trying to be calm， but I could tell this was hard for him， having to leave his dog to a stranger and trust that everything would work out. 翻译：丈夫乔治努力保持镇定，但我能看出他内心煎熬 —— 不得不把爱犬托付给陌生人，只能期盼一切安好。 3.practice 熟义：n. 实践、做法 生义：v. （医生、律师）执业、行医 原句：Barry retired in 1859， having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. 翻译：巴里 1859 年退休，她整个行医生涯都以男性身份生活、从业。 4.treat 熟义：v. 对待 生义：v. 医治、诊疗病患 原句：However， Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. 翻译：谈允贤通过官方行医考核，为各行各业的女性诊治疾病。 5.serve 熟义：v. 服务；服役 生义：v. 当学徒、拜师学艺 原句：Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships with doctors. 翻译：当时的女性不允许拜医师为师、做学徒。 6.free 熟义：adj. 免费的 生义：v. 解放、释放 原句：She moved to Virginia in 1865， where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 翻译：1865 年她迁居弗吉尼亚，为获得自由的黑奴提供医疗救助。 7.shot 熟义：n. 射击；投篮 生义：n. 摄影照片 原句：Still， looking back on the photos， they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 翻译：回看这些照片，它们仍是我最满意的一批作品；如果当时准备充分、合理规划时间，效果本会更好。 8.shoot 熟义：v. 射击 生义：v. 拍摄风景、人像 原句：To make some of my landscape shots， I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. 翻译：为拍摄风景大片，我曾驱车四小时，只为抓住十分钟的最佳拍摄时段。 9.top 熟义：n. 顶端；榜首 生义：v. 位居榜首、登顶榜单 原句：Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine， it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. 翻译：尽管英国美食口碑平平，但如今涌现大批顶尖厨师，频繁出镜，他们的食谱也常年霸占畅销书榜单榜首。 10.privilege 熟义：n. 特权 生义：v. 偏袒、优待某一群体 原句：If you want to tell the history of the whole world， a history that does not privilege one part of humanity， you cannot do it through texts alone， because only some of the world has ever had texts， while most of the world， for most of the time， has not. 翻译：想要讲述完整、不偏袒任何族群的世界史，不能只依靠文字史料；历史上只有少数地区拥有文字记录，绝大多数文明长期没有成文记载。 11.mature 熟义：adj. 成熟的 生义：v. 生长、长成 原句：Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones， and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. 翻译：幼苗价格往往低于成株，亲手照料它们慢慢长大，也是养花的乐趣之一。 12.rough 熟义：adj. 表面粗糙不平的 生义：adj. 粗略的、大约的（数字） 原句：The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came， with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans. 翻译：欧洲人抵达时，美国西部遍布灰熊，粗略估算有五万头以上，与原住民共生。 第七组 1.grade 熟义：n. 年级；分数等级 生义：v. 给作业打分、划分等级 原句：Additionally， from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home， both of which will be graded. 翻译：除此之外，我会不定期布置课堂小组任务与简短课后作业，两类作业都会打分评定。 2.period 熟义：n. 时期、阶段 生义：n. 一节课、学时 原句：An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. 翻译：论文未在截止日当堂提交，每迟交一节课，成绩降一档。 3.assign 熟义：v. 布置、分配任务 生义：v. 规定、指定（日期、时段） 原句：All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard， our online learning and course management system. 翻译：所有作业必须在指定日期前，通过线上教学平台 Blackboard 提交。 4.way 熟义：n. 方式、方法 生义：adv. 远远、过量地 原句：Even worse， I had unthinkingly bought way too much； I could have made six salads with what I threw out. 翻译：更糟糕的是，我一时冲动采购了过量食材；扔掉的那些本可以做六份沙拉。 5.recover 熟义：v. 恢复健康 生义：v. 回收、再利用 6.produce 熟义：v. 生产、制造 生义：n. 生鲜农产品 原句：Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. 翻译：去年该机构回收超过 80 万磅食物，接收民众捐赠并收集有瑕疵的农产品，避免它们烂在田间。 7.dry 熟义：adj. 干燥的 生义：v. 烘干、脱水处理 原句：Volunteers will wash， cut， and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. 翻译：志愿者会将食材清洗、切块，冷冻或烘干储存，供后续餐食使用。 8.keep 熟义：v. 保持、维持 生义：v. 饲养（家禽、小动物） 原句：She said：“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.” 翻译：她说：“我小时候家里养母鸡，每天上学前都要给它们准备饲料。” 9.run 熟义：v. 奔跑 生义：v. 刊登、刊载文章 title 熟义：n. 标题 生义：v. 给文章命名、加标题 原句：Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”. 翻译：《健身》杂志近期刊登一篇题为《感谢健身搭档的五个理由》的文章。 10.read 熟义：v. 朗读、阅读 生义：v.（文字）写着、内容为 原句：One reason was： “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym，” while another read： “You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.” 翻译：其中一条理由写道：“知道有人在健身房等你，你一定会按时赴约”；另一条内容为：“和同伴一同训练，你会更加刻苦。” 11.weight 熟义：n. 重量 生义：n. 杠铃、负重器材 原句：Over time， both of you will benefit — your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. 翻译：长期结伴健身双方都能获益，搭档可以举起更重的杠铃，你自身身体素质也会提升。 第八组 1.roll 熟义：v. 滚动 生义：v.（雷声）隆隆作响 原句：The wind picked up and thunder rolled. 翻译：狂风骤起，雷声滚滚。 2.start 熟义：v. 开始 生义：v. 启动（发动机、机械） 原句：My husband stopped fishing to start the motor. 翻译：丈夫停下钓鱼，去发动船的马达。 3.dead 熟义：adj. 死去的 生义：adj.（机器）失灵、停止运转 原句：We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. 翻译：我们困在湖中央，发动机彻底失灵了。 4.celebrate 熟义：v. 庆祝 生义：v. 纪念、颂扬 原句：This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter， Sir Henry Raeburn， comes to London. 翻译：这场展出约六十幅名作的展览来到伦敦，用以纪念苏格兰知名画家亨利・雷伯恩爵士的生平与作品。 5.present 熟义：n. 礼物；当下 生义：v. 推出、开展（讲座、活动） 原句：Scottish National Portrait Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. 翻译：苏格兰国立肖像美术馆面向大众推出系列公益讲座。 6.sweep 熟义：v. 清扫 生义：n. 连绵广阔的土地 7.move 熟义：v. 移动 生义：v. 触动、打动人心 原句：The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing. 翻译：广袤大地与当地人坚韧沉静的品格，触动她写下优美文字。 8.alone 熟义：adj. 独自的 生义：adv. 单单、仅 原句：It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance， including sending maintenance staff， often at night， to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. 翻译：据统计，仅欧洲铁路系统每年维护费用就高达 200 亿欧元，维护人员常夜间检修轨道设施。 9.pick 熟义：v. 采摘；挑选 生义：n. 精华、精选剧目 原句：Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows， the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. 翻译：这座新剧院是加的夫现存最古老传统剧院，汇聚伦敦西区精品剧目与全英巡回演出佳作。 第九组 1.flow 熟义：v. 流动 生义：n. 演奏连贯流畅度 例句 1：His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. 翻译：他的工作是坐在钢琴师身旁翻动乐谱，避免演奏者自行翻页打断乐曲流畅度。 例句 2：It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes， score clothes from your friends， and have a party all at the same time. 翻译：这是处理旧衣物、从朋友那里置换新衣，同时举办派对的绝佳方式。 2.stand 熟义：v. 站立 生义：n. 支架、谱架 原句：“I was turning the page to get ready for the next page， but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand，” Mr Titterton said.“Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.” 翻译：蒂特顿先生说：“我翻页准备下一段演奏，翻页产生的气流让备用乐谱从谱架滑落，好在我及时接住放了回去。” 3.note 熟义：n. 笔记 v. 留意 生义 1：n. 音符 生义 2：n. 纸币 例句 1：He’s interested in the music， feeling every note ... 翻译：他沉浸在乐曲中，用心感受每一个音符。 例句 2：When she reached one nurse， she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. 翻译：她走到护士身边，想塞给对方一张五英镑纸币。 4.passage 熟义：n. 阅读段落 生义：n.（法案）通过、颁布 原句：In 1934， with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act， an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. 翻译：1934 年《候鸟狩猎印花税法案》正式通过，国家出台强硬举措，保护迁徙水鸟及其赖以生存的湿地。 5.makeup 熟义：n. 化妆品 生义：n. 性格、内在特质 原句：Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test， such as character， motivation， confidence， mental stability， optimism and “people skills”. 翻译：如今很多人误解情商，认为它是人性格里智商测试无法衡量的全部优点，包括品性、上进心、自信、情绪稳定、乐观与社交能力。 6.excite 熟义：v. 使兴奋 生义：v. 激发、引发（兴趣、研究热潮） 原句：Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable， we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. 翻译：情商长期广受关注固然是好事，但我们希望这份热度能激发学界对情绪科学更深的研究兴趣。 7.role 熟义：n. 角色 生义：n. 工作职责、分工 原句：Our roles in the factory were simple： Place cakes on a moving belt. 翻译：我们在工厂的分工很简单：把蛋糕摆上传送带。 8.must 熟义：modal v. 必须 生义：n. 必游之地、必做之事 原句：While you’re in China， Mount Huangshan is a must to visit！ 翻译：来到中国，黄山是必去游览的地方！ 9.sink 熟义：v. 下沉 生义：n. 厨房洗涤池 原句：Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. 翻译：珍娜把烤焦的面包扔进洗涤池，重新放了一片面包烘烤。 10.pour 熟义：v. 倾倒；大雨倾盆 生义：v. 大批涌入 原句：People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. 翻译：自古希腊时期起，人们就大批涌入体育场观赛。 11.inform 熟义：v. 通知 生义：v. 深刻影响、塑造（设计思路） 原句：In around 80 A.D.， the Romans built the Colosseum， which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. 翻译：公元 80 年左右罗马建成斗兽场，至今仍是全球最知名体育场，持续影响现代场馆设计理念。 第十组 1.event 熟义：n. 事件、大事 生义：n. 体育竞赛项目、赛事 原句：All these stadiums are still functional， still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport. 翻译：这些体育场至今仍正常开放运营，承办全球顶级体育赛事。 2.pressure 熟义：n. 物理压力 生义：v. 迫使、施压 原句：Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 翻译：冯・黄希望自己的作品能够倒逼大企业减少塑料使用量。 weight 熟义：n. 重量 生义：n. 心理负担、压力 原句：He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most. 翻译：他 / 她才是内心背负这份尴尬压力最重的人。 3.given 熟义：adj. 指定的；prep. 考虑到 生义：n. 理所应当的事、既定事实 原句：Oh， this isn’t for the care I had.I take that as a given. 翻译：这份谢意并非为了我提供的照料，我本就认为照料他人是分内之事、理所应当。 4.entry 熟义：n. 进入 生义：n. 参赛作品 原句：Each year， the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. 翻译：每年参赛作品水准都极高，该奖项是展示英国风光顶尖摄影作品的优质平台。 5.rise 熟义：v. 上升、上涨 生义：n. 小山丘、高地 原句：I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep ... 翻译：我登上一处小丘顶端，才发现雾气仅有几英尺厚。 6.set 熟义：v. 放置、开启 生义：vi.（太阳）落下 原句：... though it was only a short climb， I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. 翻译：虽攀爬路程很短，我却站到了雾气之上，夕阳西下时，斯凯道山的景色清晰尽收眼底。 7.point 熟义：n. 观点 v. 指向 生义：n. 高地、观景处 原句：Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe， a local high point， I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. 翻译：我沿林间小路去往当地制高点沙特林斯洛，途经一片空地，枯黄野草在新雪映衬下格外醒目。 8.run 熟义：v. 奔跑 生义：v. 运营、管理（保护区、机构） 原句：Port Lympne Reserve， which runs a breeding programme， has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf. 翻译：波特林普恩保护区运营犀牛繁育项目，近日迎来一头珍稀黑犀牛幼崽。 9.gray 熟义：adj. 灰色的 生义：adj. 天色阴沉的 原句：When I was 9， we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow， London on a gray January morning. 翻译：九岁那年，我们收拾洛杉矶的家，在一月一个阴沉的清晨抵达伦敦希思罗机场。 10.determine 熟义：v. 决定、下决心 生义：v. 影响、左右（特质、天赋） 原句：And the more we look， the more we will see that social factors like gender， race， and class do not determine the appearance of genius. 翻译：研究越多越能发现，性别、种族、社会阶层这类社会因素，无法决定一个人能否拥有天赋。 第十一组 1.cover 熟义：v. 覆盖 生义：v. 包含；支付（费用） 例句 1：The language use is good and the main points are covered. 翻译：语言表达流畅，所有核心要点均有涵盖。 例句 2：Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills. 翻译：丈夫打两份工来承担全部生活开销。 2.case 熟义：n. 情况 生义：n. 保护壳、收纳盒 原句：It has one of the new memory sticks， and a protective case for filming underwater， so you can take it when you go diving. 翻译：设备附赠新款存储卡与水下拍摄保护壳，潜水时可携带使用。 3.history 熟义：n. 历史 生义：n. 过往病史、受伤经历 原句：...so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. 翻译：有同类伤病史的人群参与这项运动时需要格外谨慎。 4.welcome 熟义：v. 欢迎 生义：adj. 亲切舒心的 原句：There’s a welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both， and thus the relationship. 翻译：重逢时有种舒心的熟悉感，但偶尔也会暗自感慨，岁月改变了彼此，也改变了这段情谊。 5.follow 熟义：v. 跟随 生义：v. 盲从、追随（他人看法） 原句：Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. 翻译：不要盲从那些总让你自我否定的人。 6.print 熟义：v. 打印、印刷 生义：v.（在材质上）印制、附着 原句：These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. 翻译：其中一类植物叶片附着印制传感器，缺水时会发出提示；还有品种可检测地下水中的有害化学物质。 7.strength 熟义：n. 力气、力量 生义：n. 长处、优势 原句：Now that you’ve listed your strengths， list your imperfections. 翻译：列出自身优势之后，再写下自己的不足。 8.drive 熟义：v. 驾驶 生义：v. 逼迫、使陷入某种情绪 原句：It will drive us crazy. 翻译：这件事会把我们逼得烦躁不已。 9.original 熟义：adj. 原本的 生义：n. 原作、真迹 原句：... the official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million. 翻译：工作人员证实这些画作均为原作，价值高达五千万美元。 10.frequent 熟义：adj. 频繁的 生义：v. 常去、常到访（场馆） 原句：Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can. 翻译：鼓励读者走进图书馆，在社交平台分享馆内资讯，多到访、多宣传。 11.translate 熟义：v. 翻译 生义：v. 转换、变换（形态、思维） 原句：“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not， on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate and translate shapes，” Levine said in a statement. 翻译：莱文在报告中表示：“在图形旋转、变形转换类测试中，常玩拼图的孩子表现优于不玩拼图的孩子。” 第十二组 1.wild 熟义：adj. 野生的、荒芜的 生义：n. 野外、自然野生环境 原句：Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. 翻译：毛皮商人将海狸鼠从阿根廷引进，随后放归野外。 2.field 熟义：n. 田地 生义：n. 专业领域、行业 原句：“It’s destroying the environment.It’s them or us，” says Michael Massimi， an expert in this field. 翻译：该领域专家迈克尔・马西米表示：“海狸鼠正在破坏生态，人与它们只能共存其一。” 3.green 熟义：adj. 绿色的 生义：adj. 环保可持续的 原句：He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green， but he has no doubt about it. 翻译：他坦言，很难说服大众认可海狸鼠皮毛属于环保材质，但他对此深信不疑。 4.bond 熟义：n. 纽带、联系 生义：v. 增进情感、拉近关系 原句：It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books. 翻译：这段共读时光拉近了我和孩子们的距离，也让他们对书籍充满好奇。 5.bridge 熟义：n. 桥梁 生义：n. 沟通纽带、媒介 原句：I see libraries as a safe haven for readers and writers， a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. 翻译：我认为图书馆是创作者与读者的避风港，是连接人与书籍的纽带。 6.cold 熟义：adj. 寒冷的 生义：adj. 语气冷漠生硬的 原句：Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly. 翻译：即便是正式商务邮件，措辞不当也会显得冷漠疏离。 7.draw 熟义：v. 绘画 生义：v. 引发、激起（情绪、抗议） 原句：Already， a number of films ... have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly. 翻译：多部影片已经引发动物保护人士抗议，他们认为片中参演动物未得到妥善对待。 8.float 熟义：v. 漂浮 生义：v. 提出（想法、提议） 原句：“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead. 翻译：凯瑟琳・怀特黑德说：“我们向母亲提出了合租房屋的想法。” 9.story 熟义：n. 故事 生义：n. 新闻报道、纪实稿件 原句：Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. 翻译：这类合租纪实报道在几代同堂观念根深蒂固的地区更为常见。 10.number 熟义：n. 数字 生义：v. 总计、数量达到 原句：The Bajau， as these people are known， number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia， Malaysia and the Philippines. 翻译：这群被称作巴瑶人的族群，在印尼、马来西亚、菲律宾总计数十万人。 11.scene 熟义：n. 现场、风景 生义：n. 争执、吵闹场面 原句：...the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone’s day. 翻译：小事最后演变成一场难堪的争吵，毁掉所有人一天的心情。 12.difficult 熟义：adj. 困难的 生义：adj.（人）难沟通、脾气难缠的 原句：If a customer is rude or difficult， just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband.Maybe her child’s not well.” 翻译：遇到粗鲁、难缠的顾客时不妨换位思考：或许她刚和家人争吵，或是孩子身体不适。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $