动词不定式学习资料2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

人教版八年级下册动词不定式完整学习资料 一、核心知识点汇总 （一）基本构成 1. 基础形式：to + 动词原形，无任何人称、数的变化，不能单独充当句子谓语； 2. 可搭配宾语、状语构成不定式短语：`to make new friends`、`to reach the top much faster`。 （二）三大核心句法功能 句法成分 用法解析 课本原句示例 作宾语 放在want/like/decide等动词之后，充当动作的对象 1. Do you want to visit the Great Wall? 2. I like to play badminton in my free time. 3. James decided to make fried chicken. 作目的状语 修饰主句谓语，说明主句动作的目的，译作 “为了……” 1. What do you do to pass the time? 2. Allen rushed to get the fire extinguisher. 作宾语补足语 补充说明宾语将要执行的动作，常用搭配：encourage/ask/tell sb. to do 1. My instructor encouraged me to get back up. 2. My parents told me not to push myself too hard. （三）三类特殊不定式结构 1. 不定式否定式 固定结构：not + to + 动词原形，否定词必须置于`to`之前 例句： - I would prefer not to talk about it. - Try not to make any noise when you eat. - This book has taught me not to give up. 2. 疑问词 + to do 疑问词`what/which/how/where/when` + 不定式，整体相当于名词短语，在句中作宾语 例句： - He didn’t know what to say to Ella. - She asked me how to use the washing machine. - The guide tells you where to go next. 3. 省略to的不定式（主动语态宾补中） 两类动词后接宾补省去to （1）感官动词：`see、hear、watch、feel、notice` （2）使役动词：`let、make、have` 例句： - The referee saw Matt push the other player. - Hobbies can make you feel good about yourself. - Please let me know your questions。 ⚠️ 关键考点：变为被动语态时，必须把省略的`to`还原 例：Matt was seen to push the other player。 二、易错题速记⚠️ 1. 否定固定格式：`not to do`，禁止写成`to not do`； 2. 主动语态`see/make/let sb. do`，被动语态必须还原`to`； 3. `why not/had better/let`后直接接动词原形，不加to； 4. `疑问词+to do`，唯独`why`后直接加动词原形（`why do sth.`）。 三、分层专项练习题 基础层：基础结构填空（夯实基础形式、否定式、疑问词+to do） 用括号内动词的正确不定式形式填空 1. I want __________ (visit) the Great Wall this holiday. 2. Try __________ (not be) noisy in the library. 3. I don’t know __________ (choose) which book for my report. 4. Could you tell me __________ (use) this washing machine? 5. He decided __________ (give) up bad habits. 进阶层：句法区分填空（辨别宾语、目的状语、宾补、省to结构） 1. She hurried here __________ (help) me finish my homework.（目的状语） 2. The teacher asked us __________ (hand) in homework on time.（宾补） 3. I often watch my brother __________ (play) basketball after school.（感官动词省to） 4. The funny story made us __________ (laugh) loudly.（make省to） 5. Mum told me __________ (not stay) up too late.（不定式否定作宾补） 提高层：句型改写 1. I hope I can join the school football team.（改写为不定式简单句） ________________________________________________ 2. “Don’t run in the hallways,” the teacher said to us.（改为`tell sb. not to do`结构） ________________________________________________ 3. She doesn’t know the place. She can have dinner there.（用疑问词+不定式合并句子） She doesn’t know ____________________________________ 拔高层：中考高频单项选择 1. The boy was noticed ______ run in the street just now. A. run B. to run C. running 2. —Why not ______ a break? —I have lots of homework ______. A. take; to finish B. to take; finish C. take; finish 3. My coach encourages me ______ every day to keep fit. A. exercise B. to exercise C. exercising 4. She hasn’t decided ______ to go on vacation this summer. A. where B. where go C. where to go 5. You’d better ______ speak loudly in the hospital. A. not to B. not C. to not 拓展层：英汉互译 1. 我不知道该选哪一本书。（疑问词+不定式） 2. 他每天早起是为了赶上早班车。（不定式作目的状语） 3. 妈妈告诫我不要轻易放弃。（不定式否定作宾补） 4. We often hear him sing songs in the next room. 习题完整参考答案与解析 基础层答案 1. to visit 2. not to be 3. which one to choose 4. how to use 5. to give 进阶层答案 1. to help 2. to hand 3. play 4. laugh 5. not to stay 提高层答案 1. I hope to join the school football team. 2. The teacher told us not to run in the hallways. 3. where to have dinner 拔高层答案+解析 1. B；感官动词变为被动语态时，原本省略的to必须还原 2. A；why not 后接动词原形；不定式`to finish`作后置定语修饰homework 3. B；固定搭配 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 4. C；固定结构“疑问词+to do”在句中作宾语 5. B；had better (not) do sth. 最好（不要）做某事，结构不带to 拓展层答案 1. I have no idea which book to choose. 2. He gets up early every day to catch the early bus. 3. My mum tells me not to give up easily. 4. 我们经常听见他在隔壁房间唱歌。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $