Unit 4 Then and now_used to do核心语法精讲精练2026-2027学年沪教版（五四学制）八年级英语上册

沪教版八年级英语上册 | Unit 4 Then and now 2026—2027 学年 · 沪教版（五四学制） 八年级英语上册核心语法精讲精练 Unit 4 Then and now 核心语法：used to do 句型 班级：____________ 姓名：____________ 日期：____________ 本讲学习目标 目标 达成标准 理解 准确判断 used to do 所表达的“过去习惯或状态与现在不同”。 掌握 能正确写出肯定、否定、一般疑问、特殊疑问及简略回答。 辨析 区分 used to do、be/get used to doing 与 be used to do。 运用 能用 then-and-now 的逻辑描述个人、家庭、校园或社区的变化。 课前诊断：你能发现“变化”吗？ 阅读三组句子，在横线上写出中文意思，并圈出表示“现在情况”的词语。 1. My father used to cycle to work, but now he takes the underground. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. There used to be a small bridge here. Today, a modern one connects the two villages. ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Did you use to be afraid of speaking English? — Yes, I did, but I am much more confident now. ________________________________________________________________________________ 先想一想 以上句子都把“过去”与“现在”放在一起比较。used to 不是单纯讲过去，而是在突出变化。 一、核心概念：used to do 到底表示什么？ used to + 动词原形 表示过去经常发生的动作或长期存在的状态；它通常暗示这一情况现在已经不存在，或与现在明显不同。 用途 例句 含义 过去反复的动作 We used to play chess after school. 过去放学后常下棋；现在通常不这样。 过去持续的状态 The town used to be very quiet. 小镇过去很安静；现在情况不同。 过去的拥有/喜好 She used to have long hair. 她过去留长发；现在不是。 判断口诀 “过去常常 / 过去曾经” + “如今有变化” → 优先考虑 used to do。 1. used to do 不等于一般过去时 句子 是否适合用 used to 理由 I visited the museum yesterday. 不适合 yesterday 表示一次已完成的动作，用一般过去时。 I visited the museum every month when I was ten. 可以 过去反复发生，可改为 used to visit。 I lived near the museum when I was ten. 可以 过去持续的状态，可用 used to live。 2. 常见语境线索 过去线索 现在对照 完整语境示例 in the past / years ago now / nowadays Years ago, people used to shop mainly in stores, but now many shop online. when I was young these days When I was young, I used to collect stamps; these days I collect digital photos. before no longer / not ... any more The river used to smell bad, but it is no longer polluted. 二、句型结构：一张表掌握五种变化 句型 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + used to + 动词原形 Mia used to walk to school. 否定句 主语 + didn’t use to + 动词原形 Mia didn’t use to walk to school. 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形? Did Mia use to walk to school? 简略回答 Yes, 主语 + did. / No, 主语 + didn’t. Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形? How did Mia use to go to school? 最易错规则 句中已有 did 或 didn’t 时，后面必须写 use to，不能再写 used to。did 已经承担了过去时。 特殊情况：疑问词作主语 Who used to live in this old house? 此处 who 是主语，不再使用 did。 对比：Where did your grandparents use to live?（where 不是主语，需要 did） 微型对话：在交际中使用 A Did your school use to have a reading garden? B No, it didn’t. There used to be a car park there, but now students can read under the trees. 三、三个相似结构，千万不要混 结构 核心含义 to 后形式 例句 used to do 过去常常/曾经 动词原形 Leo used to get up late. be/get used to doing 习惯于（逐渐习惯于） 名词/代词/动名词 Leo is used to getting up early. be used to do 被用来做……（被动语态） 动词原形 This app is used to record steps. 识别关键 先看 be：没有 be，可能是“过去常常”；有 be，再看 to 后是 doing（习惯）还是 do（被用来）。 拓展：used to do 与 would do 比较点 used to do would do 过去反复动作 可以 可以（通常需先交代过去背景） 过去状态 可以：used to be/have/like 通常不可以 强调今昔变化 明显 较弱，侧重回忆动作 ★ 本单元以 used to do 为核心；would do 为理解性拓展，不作为基础必会结构。 四、易错诊所：把错误一次改对 错误句 正确句 错误原因 I didn’t used to like milk. I didn’t use to like milk. didn’t 后用动词原形 use。 Did she used to be shy? Did she use to be shy? Did 后用 use。 I am used to get up early. I am used to getting up early. “习惯于”中的 to 是介词。 The knife used to cut bread. The knife is used to cut bread. 表示用途要用被动结构 be used to do。 He used to visit the museum yesterday. He visited the museum yesterday. 一次性动作不用 used to。 五、解题四步法 步骤 自问问题 ① 定时间 是过去反复/持续，还是一次性动作？ ② 找变化 语境中是否出现 but now、no longer、these days 等对照？ ③ 看结构 是否有 did/didn’t 或 be？据此决定 used/use/doing/do。 ④ 查搭配 to 后是动词原形、动名词，还是名词？主谓是否一致？ 六、分层练习 A. 基础理解：选择最恰当的答案 1. There _____ a narrow path behind our school, but now there is a wide road. A. is used to be B. used to be C. used to have D. was used to be 2. My cousin _____ vegetables, but now she eats them every day. A. didn’t use to like B. isn’t used to like C. wasn’t used to like D. doesn’t used to like 3. —_____ your father _____ to work by bus? —Yes, he did. A. Did; used to go B. Did; use to go C. Was; used to going D. Does; use to go 4. This small machine _____ make clean drinking water in emergencies. A. used to B. is used to C. is used to making D. gets used to 5. After living near the airport for two years, Amy is used to _____ the planes. A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. be heard 6. Which sentence describes a repeated past habit? A. Ben lost his key yesterday. B. Ben used to lose things when he was younger. C. Ben is losing his key. D. Ben has just found his key. B. 形式训练：用括号内动词的正确形式填空 1. People __________ (send) postcards more often before smartphones became popular. 2. Nina didn’t use to __________ (speak) in front of the class. 3. Did your grandparents use to __________ (grow) vegetables in the yard? 4. What games did you use to __________ (play) during the break? 5. The empty bottle can be used to __________ (make) a simple bird feeder. 6. Our new student is slowly getting used to __________ (work) in groups. 7. Who __________ (use) to tell you bedtime stories? 8. There used to __________ (be) fewer buses in this area. C. 精准辨析：用方框中结构的适当形式完成句子 选项 used to do | be used to doing | get used to doing | be used to do 1. Bamboo __________ make many everyday objects, such as baskets and chopsticks. 2. I __________ check every new word in a dictionary, but now I try to guess its meaning first. 3. At first, Kevin found the local food unusual; now he __________ eating it. 4. After several difficult weeks, the rescue dog finally __________ working in noisy places. 5. My aunt __________ own a tiny bookshop near the station. 6. These sensors __________ measure the temperature of the soil. 7. Are you __________ taking notes on a tablet instead of in a notebook? 8. We didn’t __________ have so much homework at weekends. D. 句型转换：每空一词 1. Jason used to collect model planes.（改为否定句） Jason ________ ________ ________ collect model planes. 2. Lily used to walk her dog after dinner.（改为一般疑问句） ________ Lily ________ ________ walk her dog after dinner? 3. They used to meet in the community library.（对画线部分 in the community library 提问） ________ ________ they ________ ________ meet? 4. Mr Chen used to be a photographer.（对画线部分 a photographer 提问） ________ ________ Mr Chen ________ ________ be? 5. There was once a pond in front of the building.（保持句意基本不变） There ________ ________ ________ a pond in front of the building. 6. Now Grace is no longer afraid of dogs.（用 used to 改写） Grace ________ ________ ________ afraid of dogs, but now she isn’t. E. 改错：每句只有一处错误 1. Did your town used to have a night market? 改为：________________________________________________________________________ 2. My brother didn’t used to read biographies. 改为：________________________________________________________________________ 3. I am used to take the early bus now. 改为：________________________________________________________________________ 4. This button is used to opening the door. 改为：________________________________________________________________________ 5. We used to watched fireflies in summer. 改为：________________________________________________________________________ 6. Who did use to sit beside you in primary school? 改为：________________________________________________________________________ F. 汉译英：用 used to 结构表达 1. 我爷爷过去常常用收音机听新闻。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 这条河过去没有这么干净。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 你小时候害怕黑暗吗？ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 他们过去周末在哪里踢足球？ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 这里过去有许多低矮的房屋，但现在高楼林立。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 谁过去负责照料学校的小花园？ ________________________________________________________________________________ G. 语境完形：用括号内词的适当形式完成短文 When my mother was a student, her school life was quite different. She (1) __________ (use) to carry several heavy textbooks every day. The classrooms didn’t use to (2) __________ (have) smart screens, so teachers (3) __________ (use) to draw pictures on the blackboard. Students used to (4) __________ (look) for information in the library. Today, tablets are used to (5) __________ (show) videos and share learning materials. At first, some teachers were not used to (6) __________ (teach) with new technology, but they gradually got used to (7) __________ (design) online activities. Even so, my mother says students still need to (8) __________ (think) for themselves instead of depending on a screen. H. 阅读与综合运用 Reading A Garden That Grew with Us Five years ago, the space behind Greenfield School was little more than an unused corner. It used to be covered with broken chairs and dry leaves, and students hurried past it without looking. Then a science teacher, Ms Wu, invited her class to imagine a different future for the space. The students first cleared the ground and reused old wooden boxes as plant beds. They used to water every plant by hand, which often took an entire lunch break. Now a rainwater-collection system supplies most of the water. Small signs beside the plants are used to explain how insects and herbs help one another. The garden has also become an outdoor classroom where students observe, record and discuss changes in nature. The greatest change, however, may not be the garden itself. Some students who used to avoid science projects now volunteer to guide visitors. As Ms Wu says, ‘When students help a place grow, the place helps them grow too.’ 1. What did the space behind the school use to be like? A. It was a busy outdoor classroom. B. It was an untidy unused corner. C. It was a modern science lab. D. It was a popular sports field. 2. Why did watering the plants often take a whole lunch break? A. The students watered by hand. B. The garden was far from school. C. The plants needed hot water. D. Only Ms Wu could water them. 3. What are the small signs used to do? A. Collect rainwater. B. Mark students’ seats. C. Explain relationships in nature. D. Ask visitors to leave. 4. What does the final quotation mainly suggest? A. Gardening is easier than science. B. Places can change only with machines. C. Taking responsibility can help students develop. D. Visitors should work in the garden. 5. Which title best fits the passage? A. A Longer Lunch Break B. Science without Teachers C. From an Empty Corner to a Place of Growth D. Why Wooden Boxes Are Useful 七、综合输出：把语法变成表达 任务一：完成“Then and now”信息卡 话题 Then（过去） Now（现在） 变化原因/影响 我自己 我的家庭 我的学校/社区 任务二：写作 写作要求 以 “Then and now” 为题，选择自己、家庭、学校或社区中的一个方面，写一篇 80—100 词的短文。至少使用 3 个 used to 结构，并用 but now / nowadays / no longer 等词形成清晰对照；结尾写出你对变化的看法。 写作结构 可用表达 开头：点明对象 A lot has changed in ... over the past few years. 主体：过去与现在 ... used to ..., but now ... / There used to be ..., while today ... 原因或影响 because ... / As a result, ... / This change has made ... 结尾：评价变化 In my opinion, ... / What matters most is ... ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 学习自评 我能做到 还需练习 基本掌握 熟练运用 判断 used to do 的语义 □ □ □ 正确变否定句和疑问句 □ □ □ 区分三个相似结构 □ □ □ 用语法描述今昔变化 □ □ □ 参考答案 说明：客观题答案唯一；翻译和写作为参考表达，符合题意且语言正确的合理答案均可。 课前诊断 1. 我父亲过去骑自行车上班，但现在乘地铁。（now） 2. 这里过去有一座小桥；如今，一座现代化桥梁连接着两个村庄。（Today） 3. 你过去害怕说英语吗？——是的，但我现在自信多了。（now） A. 基础理解 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. B B. 形式训练 1. used to send 2. speak 3. grow 4. play 5. make 6. working 7. used 8. be C. 精准辨析 1. 1. is used to make 2. 2. used to 3. 3. is used to 4. 4. got used to 5. 5. used to 6. 6. are used to 7. 7. used to 8. 8. use to D. 句型转换 1. 1. didn’t use to 2. 2. Did; use to 3. 3. Where did; use to 4. 4. What did; use to 5. 5. used to be 6. 6. used to be E. 改错 1. Did your town use to have a night market? 2. My brother didn’t use to read biographies. 3. I am used to taking the early bus now. 4. This button is used to open the door. 5. We used to watch fireflies in summer. 6. Who used to sit beside you in primary school? F. 汉译英 1. My grandfather used to listen to the news on the radio. 2. The river didn’t use to be so clean. 3. Did you use to be afraid of the dark when you were young? 4. Where did they use to play football at weekends? 5. There used to be many low houses here, but now there are tall buildings everywhere. 6. Who used to take care of the school’s small garden? 以上答案不唯一，表达准确、符合题意即可。 G. 语境完形 1. used 2. have 3. used 4. look 5. show 6. teaching 7. designing 8. think H. 阅读与综合运用 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. C 写作评分标准（15分） 维度 分值 评分要点 内容与结构 6分 主题明确；过去与现在对照清晰；有变化原因/影响及个人评价；条理完整。 语法与词汇 5分 至少3处 used to 结构基本正确；时态、搭配和词汇使用恰当。 连贯与衔接 2分 恰当使用 but now、nowadays、while、as a result 等衔接语。 规范与字数 2分 80—100词；拼写、标点和书写规范。 参考范文 范文 Then and Now My neighbourhood has changed greatly in the past few years. There used to be a narrow road beside my home, and people used to wait a long time for a bus. Children also used to play in a small, dusty square. Now the road is wider, buses arrive more often, and the old square has become a green park. My neighbours are used to exercising there after dinner. These changes have made daily life safer and more convenient. However, I hope everyone will help keep the park clean. A better neighbourhood needs both good facilities and responsible residents. 答案不唯一，言之有理且语言正确即可。 核心语法精讲精练 • used to do | 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $