Unit 5 Power of Ideas（知识讲解）2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语单元知识清单围绕“发明创造与创意的力量”主题，涵盖必备词汇、高频短语、被动语态语法、发明故事阅读及主题写作等核心内容，为学生搭建从基础语言知识到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类呈现（Section A/B词汇分级）、重点标注（被动语态结构表、词性变化拓展）及关联对比（invent/discover/create辨析）构建知识体系，培养语言能力与思维品质。设计“语法辨析表”“写作模板含被动句型”等实用工具，助力学生高效掌握要点，教师可据此优化教学活动，提升课堂实效。

Unit 5 Power of Ideas BIG Question: What do creative ideas bring about? 学习目标 1. talk about inventions（谈论发明创造）。 2. discuss how inventions change our lives（讨论发明如何改变生活）。 3. describe inventions using the passive voice（用被动语态描述发明）。 4. explore the stories of inventors and inventions（探索发明者和发明的故事）。 单元概览 单元主题 发明创造与创意的力量（Power of Ideas） 必备单词 Section A invent, invention, inventor, connect, spread, message, Atlantic, distance, effect, develop, creative, material, experiment, ingredient, mix, boil, press, fibre, bark, cheap, suitable, responsible, rapid 必备单词 Section B papermaking, depend, material, bone, bronze, silk, jute, expensive, officer, palace, workshop, emperor, method, bark, experience, ingredient, boil, beat, liquid, pour, screen, dry, press, civilization, neighbouring 高频短语 be responsible for, depend on, speed up, result in, to one's surprise, stand up, piece of, be made from/of, be used to do, carry out 常考句型 sth. be invented by...（某物被某人发明） sth. be made from/of...（某物由……制成） it is believed that...（人们认为……） 语音知识 被动语态的语调：be + 过去分词重读过去分词；句末降调表陈述 重点语法 被动语态（Passive Voice）：一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态（am/is/are + done; was/were + done） 主题写作 写一篇关于一项发明的文章（Write about an invention） Section A What changes can inventions bring to our lives? 【课文摘要】Section A 通过对话讨论了最有用的发明——收音机（radio）。意大利发明家马可尼（Guglielmo Marconi）在 1890 年代发展了无线电技术，1901 年首次将无线电信号传过大西洋。语法重点为一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。 invent v. 发明；创造 【详解】invent sth. 发明某物；be invented by... 由……发明；invent a story 编故事（贬义） 【拓展】课文原句：Before the radio was invented, information travelled very slowly. ◆ Before the radio was invented, information travelled very slowly.（在收音机被发明之前，信息传播非常缓慢。） ◆ The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876.（电话是亚历山大·贝尔在1876年发明的。） ◆ He invented a new method for making paper.（他发明了一种新的造纸方法。） 【词性变化】invention n. 发明 | inventor n. 发明者 | inventive adj. 有发明才能的 | inventively adv. 有创造力地 spread v./n. v. 传播；展开 n. 传播；蔓延 【详解】spread sth. to... 把……传播到……；spread rapidly 迅速传播（过去式/过去分词同形 spread） 【拓展】课文原句：news could be spread around the world in seconds ◆ News could be spread around the world in seconds.（新闻可以在几秒内传遍世界。） ◆ The disease is spreading quickly in the city.（疾病正在城市中迅速蔓延。） ◆ She spread the map on the table.（她把地图摊开在桌上。） 【词性变化】spreading adj. 扩展的 | spreadable adj. 可涂抹的 | spread n. 传播；范围 develop v. 发展；开发；研制 【详解】develop sth. 开发/研制某物；develop into... 发展成……；developed/developing country 发达/发展中国家 【拓展】课文原句：He developed the idea in the 1890s. ◆ He developed the idea in the 1890s.（他在1890年代发展了这个想法。） ◆ Some other important inventions were developed as well.（其他一些重要发明也被开发了出来。） ◆ China has developed into a strong country.（中国已发展成为一个强国。） 【词性变化】development n. 发展 | developed adj. 发达的 | developing adj. 发展中的 | developer n. 开发者 connect v. 连接；联系；接通 【详解】connect A to/with B 把 A 连接到 B；be connected to... 被连接到…… 【拓展】课文原句：A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses. ◆ People all over the world are connected to each other through the internet.（全世界的人们通过互联网互相连接。） ◆ A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses.（一个微型摄像头连接在眼镜前方。） ◆ The railway connects Xining to Lhasa.（这条铁路连接西宁和拉萨。） 【词性变化】connection n. 连接 | connected adj. 连接的 | disconnect v. 断开 | interconnected adj. 相互连接的 effect n. 效果；影响；作用 【详解】have an effect on... 对……有影响；side effect 副作用；cause and effect 因果 【拓展】课文原句：It also had a big effect on music. ◆ It also had a big effect on music.（它对音乐也产生了很大影响。） ◆ The medicine has no side effects.（这种药没有副作用。） ◆ What effect did the invention have on people's lives?（这项发明对人们的生活产生了什么影响？） 【词性变化】affect v. 影响 | effective adj. 有效的 | effectively adv. 有效地 | effectiveness n. 有效性 responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的 【详解】be responsible for... 对……负责；a responsible person 有责任心的人 【拓展】课文原句：It was responsible for the rapid spread of information. ◆ Papermaking was responsible for the rapid spread of information.（造纸术对信息的快速传播起到了关键作用。） ◆ Who is responsible for this project?（谁负责这个项目？） ◆ She is a responsible student who always does her homework.（她是一个有责任心的学生，总是完成作业。） 【词性变化】responsibility n. 责任 | responsibly adv. 负责任地 | irresponsible adj. 不负责任的 | responsiveness n. 响应能力 rapid adj. 迅速的；快速的 【详解】a rapid increase 快速增长；rapid development 快速发展；rapidly adv. 迅速地 【拓展】课文原句：the rapid spread of information / a rapid increase in the number of books ◆ It led to a rapid increase in the number of books.（这导致了书籍数量的快速增长。） ◆ The city has seen rapid growth in recent years.（这座城市近年来快速增长。） ◆ Information spreads rapidly on the internet.（信息在互联网上传播迅速。） 【词性变化】rapidly adv. 迅速地 | rapidity n. 迅速 | rapidness n. 快速 carry out phr. 执行；实施；进行 【详解】carry out a plan/experiment 执行计划/进行实验；carry out a test 进行测试 【拓展】课文原句：Feng Ru carried out a secret test flight. ◆ In January 1911, Feng Ru carried out a secret test flight.（1911年1月，冯如进行了一次秘密试飞。） ◆ The scientists carried out an important experiment.（科学家们进行了一项重要实验。） ◆ We need to carry out the plan as scheduled.（我们需要按计划执行。） 【词性变化】carry on 继续 | carry away 搬走；使入迷 | carry back 带回 Section B How do we turn ideas into reality? 【课文摘要】Section B 阅读讲述了蔡伦改进造纸术的故事。古代中国人使用骨头、青铜、木头、竹子、丝绸等材料书写，但都难以使用或造价昂贵。蔡伦尝试用树皮、植物和旧衣物制造纸张，经过混合、煮沸、敲打、过筛、晾干、压制等步骤，于公元 105 年向皇帝展示了他的发明。造纸术改变了世界文明。 【阅读篇目】An Invention That Changed the World（改变世界的发明——造纸术） depend v. 依赖；取决于 【详解】depend on/upon... 依赖……；it depends 视情况而定；depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事 【拓展】课文原句：All of these things depend on one invention—papermaking. ◆ All of these things depend on one invention—papermaking.（所有这些都取决于一项发明——造纸术。） ◆ Children depend on their parents for food and shelter.（孩子们依赖父母提供食物和住所。） ◆ Whether we go out depends on the weather.（我们是否出门取决于天气。） 【词性变化】dependence n. 依赖 | dependent adj. 依赖的 | independent adj. 独立的 | independently adv. 独立地 expensive adj. 昂贵的；花钱多的 【详解】be expensive to do sth. 做某事很贵；an expensive mistake 代价高昂的错误 【拓展】课文原句：these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive ◆ Silk was too expensive for everyday use.（丝绸太贵了，不适合日常使用。） ◆ It is expensive to travel by plane.（乘飞机旅行很贵。） ◆ The equipment was very expensive but necessary.（设备很贵但必不可少。） 【词性变化】expense n. 花费 | expensively adv. 昂贵地 | inexpensive adj. 不贵的 | expense account 报销单 mix v. 混合；搅拌 【详解】mix A with B 把 A 和 B 混合；mix up 搅匀；弄混；be mixed with... 与……混合 【拓展】课文原句：all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water ◆ All the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water.（所有原料被混合并在水中煮沸。） ◆ She mixed the flour with water to make dough.（她把面粉和水混合做成面团。） ◆ Don't mix up the two words—they have different meanings.（别把这两个词搞混了——它们意思不同。） 【词性变化】mixture n. 混合物 | mixed adj. 混合的 | mixer n. 搅拌器 | mixable adj. 可混合的 pour v. 倒；灌；注 【详解】pour sth. into/over... 把某物倒入/浇到……上；pour out 倾泻；倾吐 【拓展】课文原句：the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen ◆ The liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre.（液体被倒在竹帘上，只留下纤维。） ◆ She poured hot water into the cup.（她把热水倒进杯子里。） ◆ He poured out his feelings to his best friend.（他向最好的朋友倾诉了心声。） 【词性变化】pouring adj. 倾泻的 | pouring rain 倾盆大雨 | outpour n. 流出 press v./n. v. 压；按；熨 n. 新闻界；出版社 【详解】press sth. flat 压平；press the button 按按钮；be pressed into... 被压成…… 【拓展】课文原句：this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper ◆ The fibre was dried and pressed to form paper.（纤维被晾干和压制形成纸张。） ◆ Press the button to start the machine.（按按钮启动机器。） ◆ She pressed the flowers between the pages of a book.（她把花夹在书页中压平。） 【词性变化】pressure n. 压力 | pressing adj. 紧迫的 | press release 新闻稿 | compress v. 压缩 civilization n. 文明；文化 【详解】ancient civilizations 古代文明；Chinese civilization 中华文明；civilized adj. 文明的 【拓展】课文原句：changed civilizations around the world ◆ Papermaking changed civilizations around the world.（造纸术改变了世界各地的文明。） ◆ Ancient Egypt was one of the earliest civilizations.（古埃及是最早的文明之一。） ◆ We should learn from other civilizations.（我们应该向其他文明学习。） 【词性变化】civilize v. 使文明 | civilized adj. 文明的 | civilian n. 平民 | civility n. 礼貌 be made from phr. 由……制成（看不出原材料） 【详解】be made from 由……制成（原材料发生化学变化，看不出原料）；be made of 由……制成（看得出原料） 【辨析】be made from vs. be made of：Paper is made from wood.（纸由木材制成，看不出木头）The desk is made of wood.（桌子由木头制成，看得出木头） ◆ Paper was made from bark, certain plants, and old clothes.（纸由树皮、某些植物和旧衣物制成。） ◆ The wine is made from grapes.（葡萄酒由葡萄酿成。） ◆ The bridge is made of stone.（这座桥由石头砌成。） 【词性变化】make v. 制作 | maker n. 制造者 | making n. 制作 | man-made adj. 人造的 to one's surprise phr. 令某人惊讶的是 【详解】to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是（固定搭配，to 是介词）；to everyone's surprise 令大家惊讶的是 【拓展】课文原句：To everyone's surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use. ◆ To everyone's surprise, this paper was soft, light, and cheap.（令所有人惊讶的是，这种纸柔软、轻便且廉价。） ◆ To my surprise, he passed the exam easily.（令我惊讶的是，他轻松通过了考试。） ◆ To her surprise, the glue was really weak.（令她惊讶的是，那种胶水非常弱。） 【词性变化】surprise v. 使惊讶 n. 惊讶 | surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 | surprised adj. 感到惊讶的 | surprisingly adv. 令人惊讶地 重点辨析（高频考点） 辨析一：被动语态（一般现在时 vs. 一般过去时） 时态 结构 用法 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 描述现在的状态或经常性动作 People are connected through the internet. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 描述过去发生的事情 The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876. 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 表示能力或可能性 Toys can be made by the 3D printer. 辨析二：be made from vs. be made of vs. be made in 短语 用法 例句 be made from 看不出原材料（化学变化） Paper is made from wood. be made of 看得出原材料（物理变化） The desk is made of wood. be made in 后接产地 This car is made in China. be made by 后接制造者 The cake was made by my mother. 辨析三：invent vs. discover vs. create 词 含义 侧重点 例句 invent 发明 创造出之前不存在的东西 Bell invented the telephone. discover 发现 找到已存在但不为人知的事物 Columbus discovered America. create 创造 从无到有地制作 God created the world. 随堂练习 一、选择题 1. The telephone ____ by Alexander Bell in 1876. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents 【答案】B 【解析】in 1876 为过去时间，主语 telephone 是 invent 的承受者，用一般过去时被动语态 was invented。 2. Paper ____ from bark, plants, and old clothes. A. makes B. made C. is made D. was made 【答案】C 【解析】描述一般事实用一般现在时；be made from 表示看不出原材料的制成。 3. To everyone's ____, the paper was soft, light, and cheap. A. surprised B. surprise C. surprising D. surprisingly 【答案】B 【解析】to one's surprise 是固定搭配，用名词 surprise。 4. News could ____ around the world in seconds after the radio was invented. A. spread B. be spread C. spreading D. spreaded 【答案】B 【解析】could + be + 过去分词 构成含情态动词的被动语态；spread 过去分词同形。 二、填空题 1. The word "robot" ____ (introduce) for the first time in a play in 1920. 【答案】was introduced 【解析】in 1920 过去时间，主语 robot 是 introduce 的承受者，用 was introduced。 2. It is believed that the world's oldest wheel ____ (find) in Eastern Europe. 【答案】was found 【解析】被动语态，过去时；find 的过去分词是 found。 3. People all over the world ____ (connect) to each other through the internet. 【答案】are connected 【解析】描述现在的事实，一般现在时被动语态。 主题写作指导 【写作主题】写一篇关于一项发明的文章（Write about an invention） 【写作指导】1. 选择一项你认为重要的发明；2. 说明谁发明的、何时发明的（用被动语态）；3. 描述它如何改变了世界；4. 用 be made from/of, be invented by 等被动结构；5. 80-100 词。 参考范文 The radio is one of the most important inventions in history. It was invented by Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian inventor, in the 1890s. Before the radio was invented, information travelled very slowly. After its invention, news could be spread around the world in seconds. The radio also had a big effect on music and entertainment. I think the radio is a great invention because it connected the world and made information accessible to everyone. Many other inventions, like the television, were developed because of it. Creativity is intelligence having fun.（创造力是智慧在玩耍。——爱因斯坦） 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $