Unit 5 Power of Ideas.（语法讲解及专练）-2026-2027学年九年级英语上册基础知识专项讲练（新教材人教版）

该初中英语单元复习讲义围绕“一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态”构建知识体系，通过对比表格清晰呈现主动与被动语态的含义、例句及区别，用句式变化表格归纳肯定句、否定句和疑问句结构，搭配“宾语提前成主语”等助记口诀梳理主动变被动的方法，系统呈现语法要点及内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，基础过关设选择题（如“Every day, too much water ______ in our school”）巩固基础，提升闯关含短文填空等综合题型，中考链接整合近三年真题，结合“语法分析法”解析培养语言能力与思维品质。不同层次学生可按需练习，教师能借此实施精准教学，助力高效复习。

Unit 5 Power of Ideas. (语法讲练） 【知识讲解】 一、一般现在时的被动语态 1.被动语态的含义 在英语中有两种语态，即主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。 语态 主动语态 被动语态 含义 主语是动作的执行者 主语是动作的承受者，即主语是行为、动作的对象 例句 Many people speak English.许多人讲英语。 English is spoken by many people.英语被许多人讲。 说明 谓语speak这一动作是由主语many people来执行的 主语English是speak这一动作的承受者 2.被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。 3.被动语态的用法 当说话者不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，只需要强调动作的承受者，可以使用被动语态；需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时可用介词by引出。 Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world. 汉语是世界上使用人数最多的（语言）。 4.一般现在时的被动语态 (1)一般现在时的被动语态的谓语构成：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。 This knife is made of wood and metal. 这把刀是用木头和金属制造的。 These bananas are produced in Hainan. 这些香蕉产于海南。 I am taken care of by my uncle. 我由我的叔叔照顾。 (2)一般现在时的主动语态改写成被动语态的方法：将主动句的宾语变成主语，将主动句的谓语变成am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词”，将主动句的主语变成被动句中by的宾语（或省略）。主动句：主语+谓语+宾语 被动句：主语+am/is/are+及物+by+宾语动词的过去分词 Many students play football. 主语 谓语 宾语 Football is played by many students. 许多学生踢足球。 【注意】如果主动句中有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)，可以把其中任意一个变成被动句的主语。 My teacher gives me a lot of books.(主动语态) 我的老师给我许多书。 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 被动语态： I am given a lot of books by my teacher. A lot of books are given to me by my teacher. 【助记】 主动语态变被动语态的方法 宾语提前成主语，时态人称be体现； 过去分词随be后，by来把原主连； 主动语态变被动，时态根本不用变。 (3)般现在时的被动语态的句式变化： 类别 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词+其他。 The kite is made by Mary.这个风筝是玛丽做的。 否定句 主语+am/is/are+not+及物动词的过去分词+其他。 The kite isn't made by Mary.这个风筝不是玛丽做的。 一般疑问句及其答语 Am/Is/Are+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他？ Is the kite made by Mary?这个风筝是玛丽做的吗？ 肯定回答：Yes,主语+am/is/are. Yes,it is. 是的，它是。 否定回答：No,主语+isn't/aren't.或No,I'm not. No,it isn't.不，它不是。 真｜题｜链｜接 （1）(2025・北京中考)Language learning apps______by more and more people these days. A.use B.used C.are used D.were used 解析：我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题主语Language learning apps(语言学习应用程序)和动词use(使用)之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；再根据时间状语these days可知，应用一般现在时，一般现在时的被动语态的谓语构成为：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词，故选：are used。 答案：C (2)(2025·江苏扬州中考)When you feel cold air coming through your window,energy_________. A.wastes B.is wasted C.wasted D.was wasted 解析：我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。结合选项可知，句意为“当你感觉到冷空气从你的窗户吹进来时，能量就被浪费了”。主句主语energy与谓语动词waste之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；从句时态是一般现在时，且描述的是客观事实，主句也应用一般现在时，一般现在时的被动语态的谓语构成为：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词，故选is wasted。. 答案：B 【同步检测】 基础过关 1．Every day, too much water ______ in our school. We should save it. A．wastes B．is wasted C．wasted D．was wasted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每天，我们学校浪费了太多的水。我们应该节约它。 主语“too much water”是动作“waste”的承受者，需用被动语态；结合时间状语“Every day”可知句子时态为一般现在时，其被动结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”。应填is wasted。 2．Today, many learning apps ________ by students to help with their study. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，许多学习应用程序被学生用来帮助他们的学习。 根据时间状语“Today”可知句子时态为一般现在时；由“by students”可知，主语“many learning apps”是动作“use”的承受者，故用被动语态。主语为复数，be动词用are。 3．The tea made in China ________ to many different countries every year. A．sent B．is sent C．has sent D．are sent 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国制造的茶叶每年被运往许多不同的国家。 根据“every year”可知，句子时态是一般现在时；主语“tea”和动词“send”之间是被动关系，表示“茶叶被运往”，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构是“be+动词过去分词”；主语“tea”是不可数名词，所以be动词用is，“send”的过去分词是sent。故填is sent。 4．The new plan ________ by most people in the company now. A．supports B．is supported C．supported D．was supported 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个新计划现在被公司里的大多数人支持。 根据主语“The new plan”与动词之间是被动关系，且由by引出动作执行者，可知需用被动语态，排除主动语态选项；根据时间状语now可知时态为一般现在时，排除一般过去时选项。 5．Robots ________ in many families to help with the housework now. A．use B．are used C．used D．were used 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如今，机器人被许多家庭用来帮助做家务。 主语Robots与动词use之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，排除主动语态 A、C；时间状语“now”表明是一般现在时，排除过去时D。主语为复数，be动词用are。应填are used。 6．—How fine the weather is! We’ll see a film tomorrow. Will you join us, Li Ping? —I’ll if my work ________ tomorrow. A．finishes B．will be finished C．is finished 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——天气多好呀！我们明天要去看电影。你会加入我们吗，李平？——如果我的工作明天完成，我会去的。 if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，主句是一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时；从句中主语work与动词finish之间是被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为be + 过去分词，主语work是不可数名词，be动词用is，finish的过去分词为finished，应填is finished。 7．—What a tidy garden! —It ________ every day. A．is cleaning B．was cleaning C．must clean D．is cleaned 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——多么整洁的花园啊！——它每天都被打扫。 主语“It”指代花园，与动词“clean”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据时间状语“every day”可知，句子应用一般现在时的被动语态。一般现在时被动语态的构成形式为“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语“It”是第三人称单数，be动词用is，clean的过去分词是cleaned。 8．This kind of medicine ________ to treat colds. It works well. A．uses B．used C．is used D．was used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这种药被用来治疗感冒。它效果很好。 主语“medicine”和动词“use”为被动关系，再根据“works”，空处使用一般现在时的被动语态。应填is used。 9．Nowadays, many robots ________ to help look after patients in the hospital. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，许多机器人被用来帮助照顾医院里的病人。 主语robots与动词use之间是被动关系，需用被动语态（be+过去分词），排除主动语态A、B；时间状语“Nowadays”表明是一般现在时，排除过去时D。所以填are used。 10．In this factory, most of the work ________ by robots now. A．does B．did C．is done D．was done 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在这家工厂，现在大部分工作都被机器人完成。 主语most of the work与动词do之间是被动关系，且由by robots可知应用被动语态，根据时间状语now可知时态为一般现在时，结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”，work是不可数名词，be动词用is，应填is done。 提升闯关 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The exciting matches ________ (watch) by millions of people online every weekend. 【答案】are watched 【详解】句意：这些激动人心的比赛每个周末都被数百万人在线观看。句中出现by millions of people（被数百万人），说明主语The exciting matches（比赛）是动作的承受者，因此要用被动语态，时间状语every weekend（每个周末）表示经常性、习惯性的动作，因此要用一般现在时，主语The exciting matches是复数形式，因此被动语态的be动词要用are，watch的过去分词是watched，故填 are watched。 2．This book ________ (write) by a famous writer. It’s very popular. 【答案】is written 【详解】句意：这本书是一位著名作家写的，它非常受欢迎。句中主语“This book”与动词“write”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；结合语境可知，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，其被动语态结构为“is/am/are+过去分词”，主语是单数，be动词用is，write的过去分词是written。 3．Many trees ________ (plant) every spring. 【答案】are planted 【详解】句意：每年春天都种许多树。plant“种植”，是动词。句中“Many trees”是动作的承受者，与动词plant之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据“every spring”可知，句子时态是一般现在时，一般现在时的被动语态结构是“am/is/are + 过去分词”，主语“Many trees”是复数，be动词用are，plant的过去分词是planted。 4．New materials ________ (use) by puppeteers to make colourful shadow puppets now. 【答案】are used 【详解】句意：新材料被皮影艺人用来制作色彩鲜艳的皮影戏道具。句子的主语是“New materials”（新材料），它是动作“use”（使用）的承受者，也就是新材料被用来制作皮影戏道具，所以要用被动语态，被动语态的基本结构是“be动词+动词的过去分词”；句中的时间标志词是“now”（现在），说明句子描述的是现在的情况，所以要用一般现在时。故填“are used”。 5．The story usually ________ (write) before the artist starts to draw. 【答案】is written 【详解】句意：故事通常在画家开始画画之前就被写好了。主语“The story”和动词“write”是被动关系（故事是被写的）；“usually”表示通常的情况，要用一般现在时；主语“The story”是单数，be动词用“is”，“write”的过去分词是“written”，故填is written。 6．In Harbin, the ground is often ________ (cover) with thick snow in winter. 【答案】covered 【详解】句意：在哈尔滨，冬天地面经常被厚厚的雪覆盖。根据题干，空格处需填入动词的过去分词形式，与前面的is构成被动语态，表示“被覆盖”。故填covered。 7．The streets ________ (clean) by workers early every morning. 【答案】are cleaned 【详解】句意：街道每天早上都被工人们早早地打扫。“every morning”表明句子时态为一般现在时，主语“The streets”与提示词clean之间为被动关系，表示街道“被打扫”，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词，主语为复数，be动词用are，clean的过去分词为cleaned。故填are cleaned。 8．If I ________ (give) one more chance, I will try my best to correct my mistakes and do much better. 【答案】am given 【详解】句意：如果再给我一次机会，我会竭尽所能改正错误，做得更好。句子为条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时；主语“I”与动词give为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用am，give的过去分词为given。 9．This kind of wood ________ (make) into paper. 【答案】is made 【详解】句意：这种木头被做成纸。主语“This kind of wood”和动词make是被动关系，需用被动语态，结构为“be+动词过去分词”。根据句意，陈述事实时，句子用一般现在时态。主语为单数名词短语，be动词用is。故填is made。 10．—When shall we go to watch the basketball match in the sports centre? —Not until the work ________ (finish) tomorrow. 【答案】is finished 【详解】句意：——我们什么时候去体育中心看篮球比赛？——要等到明天工作完成之后。句中主语“the work”和动词finish之间是被动关系，且在until引导的时间状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“is/am/are + 过去分词”；主语“the work”是不可数名词，be动词用is，finish的过去分词是finished。 二、完成句子 1．My parents clean the bedroom every day. (改为同义句) The bedroom ________ ________ by my parents every day. 【答案】 is cleaned 【详解】句意：我父母每天打扫卧室。改为同义句，即“卧室每天被我父母打扫”。原句是一般现在时，改为被动语态结构为“be + 过去分词”，主语“The bedroom”是单数，be动词用is，clean的过去分词是cleaned。故填is；cleaned。 2．Do you plant some trees every year? (改为同义句) ________ some trees ________ by you every year? 【答案】 Are planted 【详解】句意：你每年都种一些树吗？根据“by you every year”可知，此处要把原句进行同义句转换，改为一般现在时的被动语态，some trees作主语，be动词用are，plant的过去分词为planted。故填Are；planted。 3．We often hear her sing English songs. She ________ often ________ ________ ________ English songs by us. 【答案】 is heard to sing 【详解】句意：我们经常听见她唱英文歌曲。也就是她经常被我们听见唱英文歌曲。此处用被动语态，谓语hear是一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式is heard，hear sb do sth“听见某人做某事”，其被动形式是sb is heard to do sth.因此表示“被听见唱英文歌曲”用is heard to sing English songs。 4．Workers don’t clean the street at night. The street ________ ________ at night by workers. 【答案】 isn’t cleaned 【详解】句意：工人晚上不清扫街道。主语“The street”和clean是被动关系，结合原句“don’t clean”可知，此处用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，谓语结构用is done，is的否定形式是isn’t，clean的过去分词直接在词尾加-ed，即cleaned。 5．Do more and more farmers buy color TV sets? (变为被动语态) __________ color TV sets _________ by more and more farmers? 【答案】 Are bought 【详解】句意：越来越多的农民购买彩电吗？原句是一般现在时的主动疑问句，变被动语态时，结构为“Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词”。原句的宾语color TV sets作被动句主语，是复数，be动词用are，位于句首，首字母大写；动词buy的过去分词是bought。 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 WeChat Moments (微信朋友圈) should be a place where we record our lives and show our true 1 (self). Its great value lies in being quick and real. However, nowadays, people 2 (influence) by the idea of “living to be seen by others” and start to “perfectly create” their Moments. They want to show a perfect life to others, 3 their real lives are actually far from perfect. In this age of popular filters, many people use all kinds of apps 4 (make) their photos beautiful. People pretend (假装) to live a perfect life 5 an unreal stage. In fact, this takes away our 6 (able) to face others in a real way. It shows that a person doesn’t have enough confidence. At the same time, it also shows people’s fear about social relationships. 7 we want to get real praise from others, we need to study hard and enrich our lives. Knowledge makes life much more 8 (color). Stepping into real life, accepting our true selves and treasuring real communication with friends are what Moments should be like. Only by 9 (live) a real life can we get true friendships. Let’s put down false shows and hug 10 (we) real life. 【答案】 1．selves 2．are influenced 3．but 4．to make 5．on 6．ability 7．If 8．colorful 9．living 10．our 【解析】本文批判了朋友圈里的“虚假完美”现象，倡导人们回归真实的生活与自我。 【详解】1．句意：微信朋友圈应该是一个我们记录生活、展示真实自我的地方。our“我们的”是复数，后面修饰的名词self“自我”也应用复数形式selves。 2．句意：然而如今，人们被“为他人而活”的观念影响，开始“完美打造”自己的朋友圈。主语people“人们”和动词influence“影响”是被动关系，且描述现在的情况，用一般现在时的被动语态is/am/are+过去分词，主语people为复数，be动词用are，influence的过去分词为influenced。 3．句意：他们想向别人展示完美的生活，但他们真实的生活远非完美。前后句是转折关系，用连词 but“但是”连接句子。 4．句意：在这个流行滤镜的时代，很多人用各种应用程序来让照片变美。use sth to do sth“用某物做某事”，此处填动词make“使”的不定式形式to make。 5．句意：人们在一个不真实的舞台上假装过着完美的生活。on a stage表示“在舞台上”。 6．句意：事实上，这剥夺了我们真实面对他人的能力。our后面需要接名词，able“能够”的名词形式是ability“能力”。 7．句意：如果我们想从别人那里得到真正的赞美，我们需要努力学习、丰富自己的生活。“想从别人那里得到真正的赞美”是“需要努力学习、丰富自己的生活”的假设情况，用if“如果”引导条件状语从句，句子首字母大写。 8．句意：知识让生活变得更加丰富多彩。much more后面接形容词原级，color“颜色”的形容词形式是colorful“丰富多彩的”。 9．句意：只有过真实的生活，我们才能获得真正的友谊。by是介词，后面接live“生活”动名词形式living。 10．句意：让我们放下虚假的展示，拥抱我们的真实生活。we“我们”，此处修饰名词短语real life，用形容词性物主代词our“我们的”。 【中考链接】 1．（2025·四川攀枝花·中考真题）Robot dogs ________ to collect rubbish on Mount Taishan in Shandong province. A．use B．uses C．is used D．are used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：机器狗被用来在山东省泰山收集垃圾。 主语Robot dogs是复数，且与动词use之间是被动关系，表示“被用来”，应用一般现在时的被动语态are used。A、B 项为主动语态，C项be动词为单数，均不符合。 2．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）We should be honest to our friends, because it ________ to be our traditional value. A．is considered B．was considered C．considered D．considers 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该对朋友诚实，因为这被认为是我们的传统价值观。 考查时态和语态。此处是结构be considered to be“被认为是”，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是it，be动词用is。故选A。 3．（2025·北京·中考真题）Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，越来越多的人在使用语言学习应用程序。 考查动词时态及被动语态。根据“these days”可知，时态是一般现在时。结合“by”可知，此处是被动语态，应用程序被人们使用。故选C。 4．（2025·天津·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people from foreign countries today. A．speaks B．spoke C．is spoken D．will speak 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，越来越多的外国人士开始学习并使用汉语。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 5．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy ________. A．wastes B．is wasted C．wasted D．was wasted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当你感觉到冷空气从窗户透进来时，能量就被浪费了。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“When you feel...”可知，句子是一般现在时，且主语“energy”和动词waste之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”，故选B。 6．（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）The mini-programme “Clear Plate” is popular among young people. It ________ to help deal with food waste. A．will design B．will be designed C．designs D．is designed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：小程序“光盘”在年轻人中很受欢迎。它旨在帮助处理食物浪费。 考查时态和语态。主语it指代“这个小程序”，和动词design之间是被动关系，此处描述客观情况，句子用一般现在时，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故选D。 7．（2025·四川达州·中考真题）—World Animal Day is on October 4th every year. —Many activities ________ to improve the relationship between humans and animals this day. A．will hold B．is held C．are held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——世界动物日是每年的10月4日。——这一天会举办许多活动来改善人与动物的关系。 考查动词的时态和被动语态。结合语境和“this day”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语“Many activities”是复数，且与动词“hold”构成被动关系，即活动应是被举办，故此处需要用一般现在时的被动语态，即are held。故选C。 8．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）Many traffic accidents ________ by careless driving. A．are causing B．are caused C．have caused 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多交通事故是由粗心驾驶造成的。 考查被动语态。根据“by careless driving”可知，空格处应用被动语态，即交通事故应是被造成，句子陈述一般事实，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为“Many traffic accidents”，故be动词应用are，动词cause用过去分词形式，故此处应用are caused。故选B。 9．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）—Good morning! May I have a plate of dumplings, please? —Sorry. Dumplings ________ only at dinner. A．serve B．are served C．are serving D．will serve 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——早上好！我能要一盘饺子吗？——抱歉。饺子只在晚餐时供应。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。Dumplings和serve之间为动宾关系，故此处使用被动语态。本句描述一般的状态，用一般现在时的被动语态即可。故选B。 10．（2024·海南·中考真题）To protect the environment, more and more trees ________ in our country every year A．have planted B．plant C．are planted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了保护环境，在我们国家每年有越来越多的树被种植。 考查被动语态。trees和plant之间是被动关系，即“树被种植”，所以要用被动语态be done的形式。选项C是一般现在时的被动语态。根据“every year”可知要用一般现在时，所以应选are planted。故选C。 11．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）I feel proud that Chinese ________ by the most people in the world. A．is saying B．is spoken C．speaks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我为中文是世界上最多人说的语言而感到自豪。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据主语“Chinese”和谓语动词的关系可知，中文作为语言是被说的，应用被动语态；句子陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时被动语态“is spoken”。故选B。 12．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In Chinese culture, children born in the Year of the Monkey ________ to be smart. A．say B．is said C．says D．are said 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在中国文化中，猴年出生的孩子被认为很聪明。 考查时态和语态。句子主语是children，和谓语say之间是被动关系，用被动语态，be said to“据说”，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故选D。 13．（2024·北京·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world these days. A．speaks B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如今，世界上越来越多的人说汉语。 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，主语“Chinese”和动词speak之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除选项A和B选项；根据时间状语“these days”及句意可知，此处描述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时。故选C。 14．（2024·山东菏泽·中考真题）—More and more young people like to wear Hanfu. —Yes. It’s said that most of the Chinese traditional clothes ________ in Heze, Shandong. A．are producing B．will produce C．are produced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——越来越多的年轻人喜欢穿汉服。——是的。据说大部分中国传统服装都产自山东菏泽。 考查被动语态。主语“most of the Chinese traditional clothes”和动词“produce”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态(be done)。故选C。 15．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A．is made; sent B．made; sent C．made; is sent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国产的茶叶每年运往许多不同的国家和地方。 考查被动语态和过去分词用法。tea与send之间是动宾关系，用被动语态，is sent。此处用make的过去分词made作后置定语，修饰tea。故选C。 16．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Many trees ________ every year to protect the environment. A．plant B．are planted C．were planted D．have planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了保护环境，每年都要种很多树。 考查被动语态。分析题干可知，主语trees和动词plant“种植”之间是被动关系，结合“every year”可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 17．（2024·云南·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people in the world these days. A．speak B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在世界上讲汉语的人越来越多了。 考查一般现在时被动语态。句中的主语Chinese和speak是动宾关系，故用被动。根据“these days”可知，时态是一般现在时，一般现在时被动语态结构为am/is/are done，主语为Chinese，be动词用is。故选C。 18．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—Do you know the Spring Festival became a UN Floating Holiday in 2024? —Yes. The Spring Festival ______ widely in the world nowadays. A．is celebrated B．was celebrated C．will be celebrated 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道春节在2024年成为联合国的浮动假日吗？——是的。如今，全世界都在广泛庆祝春节。 考查一般现在时被动语态。根据“nowadays”可知，此处用一般现在时，主语与动词celebrate之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时被动语态，故选A。 19．（2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—Quite a lot of endangered animals ________ in nature parks every year. —That’s great! Animals are our friends. A．protect B．were protected C．are protected D．protected 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——每年有相当多的濒危动物在自然公园受到保护。——太好了！动物是我们的朋友。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“every year”可知，此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 20．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—Students in our school ________ to swim in the rivers or lakes alone. —That’s true. After all, safety must come first. A．allow B．don’t allow C．aren’t allowed D．is allowed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们学校的学生不允许单独在河里或湖里游泳。——确实。毕竟，安全必须放在第一位。 考查被动语态。结合语境，可知句子应用一般现在时。根据“to swim in the rivers or lakes alone”可知，此处表示学生不应该去河里或湖里游泳，主语Students“学生”与动词allow“允许”是被动关系。应用一般现在时态的被动语态。故选C。 21．（2023·湖南益阳·中考真题）With the development of technology, computers ________ in class now. A．use B．used C．are used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：随着技术的发展，计算机现在在课堂上使用。 考查被动语态。主语computers和谓语use“使用”之间是被动关系，用被动语态be done。故选C。 22．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all ages. A．is loved B．was loved C．will love D．is loving 【答案】A 【详解】句意：孙悟空是中国的一个传统人物。它受到所有年龄段的人的喜爱。 考查被动语态及动词时态。根据“by”可知，此处是被动语态，指孙悟空被人们喜爱。本句陈述事实，故为一般现在时。故选A。 23．（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）Tea is very popular in the world. It ________ in many different areas in China now. A．produces B．produced C．is produced D．was produced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：茶在世界上很受欢迎。现在中国许多不同的地区都产茶。 考查被动语态。根据now可知，此句是一般现在时，主语It与动词produce之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般现在时被动语态am/is/are done的结构，故选C。 24．（2023·北京·中考真题）The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers ________ every year. A．are planted B．were planted C．plant D．planted 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个公园变得越来越美丽因为每年都有更多种花被种。 考查时态和语态。主语“more kinds of flowers”与动词plant之间是动宾关系，结合“every year”可知用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are done。故选A。 25．（2023·湖北鄂州·中考真题）—What language ________ in Germany? —Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too. A．speak B．is spoken C．is speaking D．speaks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——在德国说哪种语言？——大多数人会说德语，但也有很多人会说英语。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子应用一般现在时，句子主语language与动词speak存在逻辑上的被动关系，则句子采用一般现在时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：am/is/are+过去分词。故选B。 二、一般过去时的被动语态 【知识讲解】 1.构成 was/were+及物动词的过去分词 The desk was made by my father. 这张书桌是我父亲做的。 They were invented by Julie Thompson. 它们是朱莉·汤普森发明的。 2.句式变化 (1)肯定句：主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他 Many fans were attracted by the one-armed basketball player. 许多球迷被那位独臂篮球运动员吸引了。 (2)否定句：主语+wasn't/weren't+及物动词的过去分词+其他 Many fans weren't attracted by the one-armed basketball player.许多球迷没被那位独臂篮球运动员吸引。 (3)一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他？回答：Yes,主语+was/were. No,主语+wasn't/weren't. Were many fans attracted by the one-armed basketball player? 许多球迷被那位独臂篮球运动员吸引了吗？ 一No,they weren't.不，他们没有（被吸引）。 真｜题｜链｜接 (2025・江西中考)-I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain(瓷器)________in Paris last month. -Wow！Good news. A.shows B.has shown C.is shown D.was shown 解析：我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。根据last month可知，动作发生在过去，且主语Jingdezhen Porcelain (景德镇瓷器)与动词show(展出)之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，其谓语构成为“was/were+ 及物动词的过去分词”。故选D。句意：“我听说景德镇瓷器上个月在巴黎被展出。”“哇！好消息。” 答案D 【同步检测】 基础过关 1．Paper ________ by Chinese people about two thousand years ago, which is a great invention. A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 【答案】D 【详解】句意：纸大约在两千年前被中国人发明，这是一项伟大的发明。 根据时间状语“about two thousand years ago”可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；主语Paper与谓语动词invent之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”；主语为单数，应填was invented。 2．—Who________ this book________? It’s so interesting. —I don’t know. It must be a humorous person. A．did; written B．was; written by C．did; write D．was; written 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这本书是谁写的？它真有趣。——我不知道。肯定是个幽默的人。 主语this book与动词write之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”；对动作执行者提问用Who...by结构。A项助动词did后应接动词原形；C项为主动语态，不符合逻辑；D项缺少介词by。 3．The old bridge ________ in 1990, but it is still strong and beautiful. A．built B．was built C．has built D．has been built 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这座旧桥建于1990年，但它仍然坚固且美丽。 主语“The old bridge”与动词“build”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；时间状语“in 1990”表示过去的具体时间，需用一般过去时，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态结构（was/were + 过去分词）。应填was built。 4．The old temple __________ by the local government last year to protect cultural heritage. A．repairs B．repaired C．is repaired D．was repaired 【答案】D 【详解】句意：去年为了保护文化遗产，这座古庙被当地政府修理了。 根据时间状语“last year”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；且主语“The old temple”与动词“repair”之间为被动关系，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”。 5．The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou in 2023. A．held B．were held C．was held D．hold 【答案】C 【详解】句意：第19届亚运会于2023年在杭州举办。主语“The 19th Asian Games”与“hold”是被动关系，需用被动语态；且主语为专有名词，视为单数，时间状语“in 2023”表明为一般过去时，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was held”。 6．The new bridge ________ last year, and now it’s much easier to go to the other side of the river. A．built B．builds C．is built D．was built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这座新桥去年被建造，现在去河对岸容易多了。 根据时间状语“last year”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语“The new bridge”是物，与动词“build”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。主语为单数，故用 was built。 7．These beautiful kites ________ by the students themselves last week. A．make B．made C．are made D．were made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这些漂亮的风筝上周被学生们自己制作出来了。 主语These beautiful kites与make之间为被动关系，需用被动语态；时间状语last week表示过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态were made。 8．These books ________ from the library last week. Mary takes good care of them. A．are borrowed B．were borrowed C．borrow D．borrowed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这些书上周从图书馆被借走了。玛丽很爱护它们。 主语“These books”与动词“borrow”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据时间状语“last week”可知，时态为一般过去时，结构为was/were done。应填were borrowed。 9．That beautiful paper lantern ________ by my grandpa for the Lantern Festival last year. A．makes B．made C．is made D．was made 【答案】D 【详解】句意：那盏漂亮的纸灯笼去年被我爷爷制作用于元宵节。 makes 制作（一般现在时主动）；made 制作（一般过去时主动）；is made 被制作（一般现在时被动）；was made 被制作（一般过去时被动）。根据“by my grandpa”可知主语 lantern与make之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，排除 A、B；根据时间状语“last year”可知时态为一般过去时，需用was/were + done，排除C。 10．Some useful books and pens ________ for the poor students in the mountain village last month. A．provided B．was provided C．were provided D．are provided 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上个月一些有用的书和笔被提供给山村的贫困学生。 主语“Some useful books and pens”为复数，且与动词provide之间是被动关系；时间状语“last month”表明时态为一般过去时，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态。应选were provided。 提升闯关 一、单词拼写 1．The telephone ________ (invent) by Bell. 【答案】was invented 【详解】句意：电话是由贝尔发明的。句中主语the telephone和动词invent之间为被动关系，且电话的发明发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词。主语the telephone为单数，invent的过去分词为invented。 2．The light bulb ________ (invent) by Thomas Edison in 1879. 【答案】was invented 【详解】句意：电灯泡是托马斯·爱迪生在1879年发明的。主语“the light bulb”与动词“invent”之间是动宾关系，因此用被动语态；时间状语“in 1879”表明是一般过去时，主语为单数，故be动词用was。 3．It’s reported that 20 people ________ (kill) in the accident. 【答案】were killed 【详解】句意：据报道，有20人在这起事故中丧生。kill“杀死；致死”，动词；主语20 people是动作的承受者，此处应用被动语态，事故发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为were/was+过去分词，kill的过去分词是killed，主语是复数，助动词用were。故填were killed。 4．—Have you heard the news? Wuxi ________ (choose) as a World Music City in 2025! —Yes. It was great for our city! 【答案】was chosen 【详解】句意：——你听说这个消息了吗？无锡在2025年被选为世界音乐之都！——是的。这对我们城市来说太棒了。choose“选择”，动词；主语Wuxi和choose是被动关系，in 2025是过去时间，用一般过去时的被动语态was chosen。故填was chosen。 5．His brave action ________ (praise) by the whole school last week. 【答案】was praised 【详解】句意：上周，他的勇敢行为受到了全校的表扬。主语action是单数，与谓语praise是被动关系，表示“行为被表扬”，根据“last week”可知，时态是一般过去时，因此用一般过去时的被动语态was praised。故填was praised。 6．The pizza ________ into 4 pieces for my family last night. (divide) 【答案】was divided 【详解】句意：昨晚，这个披萨被分成了4块给家人吃。句中“last night”为过去的时间状语，提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。主语是“The pizza”，应该用被动语态，主语是单数形式，be动词用was，divide的过去分词后面直接加d，故填was divided。 7．Many useful things like paper and printing ________ (invent) by Chinese people. 【答案】were invented 【详解】句意：许多有用的东西，如纸和印刷术，都是由中国人发明的。主语“Many useful things”是谓语动词“invent”的动作承受者，需用被动语态。根据常识，纸和印刷术的发明是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，其被动语态结构为“were + 过去分词”，invent的过去分词为invented。 8．The students didn’t understand the question until it ________ (explain) again. 【答案】was explained 【详解】句意：直到问题被再次解释后，学生们才理解这个问题。it指代前面的“the question”，“the question”与谓语动词“explain”构成被动关系，“until”引导的时间状语从句需与主句保持时态一致。根据“didn’t understand”可知，主句时态为一般过去时，所以从句需用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was explained。 9．The charity ________ (set) up to help people with eye problems last month. 【答案】was set 【详解】句意：这个慈善机构是上个月成立的，目的是帮助有眼疾的人。set up“设立”，动词短语；根据语境“机构是被设立”，应用被动语态；再根据“last month”可知时态为一般过去时，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were done；主语“The charity”为单数，应用was，set的过去分词为set。故填was set。 10．The students ________ to have enough time to have sports last term. (allow) 【答案】were allowed 【详解】句意：上学期，学生们被允许有足够的时间进行体育锻炼。根据时间状语last term，可知句子时态应用一般过去时，且主语students和谓语动词allow之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+动词的过去分词，主语是学生们，be动词用were，allow的过去分词是allowed。故填were allowed。 二、完成句子 1．The workers built the Zhaozhou Bridge more than 1,400 years ago. (改为同义句) The Zhaozhou Bridge ________ ________ by the workers more than 1,400 years ago. 【答案】 was built 【详解】句意：1400多年前，工人们建造了赵州桥。原句主语为The workers，谓语为built，宾语为the Zhaozhou Bridge，句子为主动语态。同义句中主语为The Zhaozhou Bridge，主语为动作的承受者，应用被动语态“be+过去分词”。时态为一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was，build的过去分词为built。故填was；built。 2．Where did you find these old photos? (同义句转换) Where ________ these photos ________ by you? 【答案】 were found 【详解】句意：你在哪里找到了这些旧照片？原句为一般过去时的主动语态，转换为被动语态时，主语“these old photos”是复数，助动词用“were”，动词用过去分词“found”。故填were；found。 3．My cousin’s father bought him a new bike.（同义句转换） A new bike was ________ ________ my cousin by his father. 【答案】 bought for 【详解】句意：我表哥的爸爸买了一辆新的自行车给他。结合题干，该同义句“A new bike was...my cousin by his father.”应用被动语态，其谓语结构是be done，而buy sb. sth.的被动表达为sth. be bought for sb.“为某人买某物”，空前已有be动词was。故填bought；for。 4．Someone saw the man steal the phone just now. (改为被动语态) The man ______ ______ to steal the phone by someone just now. 【答案】 was seen 【详解】句意：刚才有人看到这个男人偷了手机。主动语态变被动语态时，要将原句宾语“the man”变为主语，原句谓语“saw”对应的被动结构是“be+过去分词”，结合“just now”可知时态为一般过去时，主语“the man”是单数，所以be动词用“was”；同时“see sb. do sth.”变为被动语态时要还原不定式符号“to”，“see”的过去分词是“seen”。故填was；seen。 5．He put his watch on his classmate’s desk by mistake. (改为被动语态) His watch ________ ________ on his classmate’s desk by him by mistake. 【答案】 was put 【详解】句意：他错误地把手表放在了同学的桌子上。根据上句可知，改为被动语态时，空白处表示“被放在”，放“put”，动词；被动语态构成为“be done”，原句“put”为一般过去时，此句用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为“was/were done”，主语“His watch”为第三人称单数，用was构成语态。故填was；put。 三、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 China is a country of etiquette (礼仪). I’m working here as a foreign teacher and I’m leaving soon. I 1 (real) have a deep understanding of Chinese culture and society. Everything was new to me when I first arrived 2 China. As for seats at the table, Chinese people have their own culture. Once, I 3 (invite) to a big dinner at a restaurant. Before the dinner, someone showed me to take the seat 4 was ready for the most important person. It faced the door. I found another 5 (interest) thing. Chinese people like giving gifts in pairs. Last month, I 6 (have) a party with three friends in my home. They each brought two gifts. I couldn’t wait to open them, 7 one of my friends reminded me not to do that right away. He thought it was 8 (polite) to open gifts in front of the givers. These are amazing 9 (day) of cultural experiences. I believe 10 (I) stay in China will not be the last time. I expect to come to China again. 【答案】 1．really 2．in 3．was invited 4．that/which 5．interesting 6．had 7．but 8．impolite 9．days 10．my 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者以外国教师的身份讲述了自己在中国生活和工作中体验到的文化差异，包括餐桌座位礼仪、礼物赠送习俗等，表达了对中国文化的深刻理解和喜爱。 【详解】1．句意：我真的对中国文化和社会有了深刻的理解。此处修饰动词have，应用副词形式。real的副词为really。 2．句意：当我第一次到达中国时，一切对我来说都是新的。“arrive in+大地点”为固定搭配，表示“到达”。故填in。 3．句意：有一次，我被邀请去一家餐馆参加一个盛大的晚宴。主语I与invite之间为被动关系，且描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was invited。 4．句意：晚宴前，有人带我坐到了为最重要客人准备的座位上。此处引导定语从句修饰先行词seat，先行词指物，关系代词可用that或which。 5．句意：我发现了另一个有趣的事情。修饰名词thing，应用形容词。interest的形容词形式为interesting“有趣的”。 6．句意：上个月，我和三个朋友在我家举办了一个聚会。根据时间状语“Last month”可知，应用一般过去时。故填had。 7．句意：我迫不及待地想打开它们，但我的一位朋友提醒我不要马上打开。前后句为转折关系，应用but连接。 8．句意：他认为在送礼者面前打开礼物是不礼貌的。根据上文朋友提醒不要马上打开可知，这种行为是“不礼貌的”。polite的反义词为impolite。 9．句意：这些是文化体验的精彩日子。根据“These are”及“of cultural experiences”可知，此处应用名词复数形式。 10．句意：我相信我留在中国不会是最后一次。此处修饰名词stay，应用形容词性物主代词。I的形容词性物主代词为my。 【中考链接】 1．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Do you know that tea, one of the most popular drinks in the world, ________ by accident? —Really? It’s my favourite drink. A．was invented B．invented C．was inventing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道茶，世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一，是偶然发明的吗？——真的吗？它是我最喜欢的饮品。 考查被动语态。主语“tea”与动词“invent”之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态was invented。故选A。 2．（2025·海南·中考真题）The ceremony ________ in the school hall. A．held B．was held C．was holding 【答案】B 【详解】句意：仪式在学校大厅举行。 考查被动语态。主语The ceremony与动词hold之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其结构为“be动词+过去分词”。故选B。 3．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）When Tony ________ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A．asks B．was asked C．will be asked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当托尼被问到为什么上学迟到时，他只是保持沉默。 考查时态和语态。根据“When Tony...why he was late for school, he just kept silent.”可知，句子用一般过去时，此处指Tony被问及“为什么上学迟到”，用被动语态，即一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”，故选B。 4．（2025·福建·中考真题）China’s Beijing Library ________ “Public Library of the Year” in 2024. A．named B．was named C．will be named 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国的北京图书馆在 2024 年荣获“年度公共图书馆”称号。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“in 2024”可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 5．（2025·江西·中考真题）—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A．shows B．has shown C．is shown D．was shown 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我听说景德镇瓷器上个月在巴黎展出。——哇！好消息。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“last month”可知，动作发生在过去，且主语“Jingdezhen Porcelain”与动词之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态（was/were done）。故选D。 6．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）In April, some planarians (涡虫) ________ into China’s space station for scientific research. A．were taken B．took C．were taking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：四月，一些涡虫被带到中国空间站进行科学研究。 考查时态和语态。主语some planarians和动词短语take into之间是被动关系，根据“In April”可知句子用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选A。 7．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival. —I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business. A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——太可惜了！像你这样的乐迷没有去南通音乐节。——我知道这是几周前举行的。但我是出差。 考查时态和语态。主语it指代“南通音乐节”，和谓语hold“举办”之间是被动关系，根据“several weeks ago”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选C。 8．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year. A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：去年春天种了很多树，所以今年我们可以看到更多的绿色。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last spring”可知，动作发生在过去，且“trees”与“plant”之间是动宾关系，需用被动语态。故选D。 9．（2024·天津·中考真题）Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”. A．names B．named C．was named D．has named 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老舍写了很多戏剧，被评为“人民艺术家”。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，此处指老舍被称为“人民艺术家”，主语he和谓语name之间是被动关系，应为被动语态，结构是be done。故选C。 10．（2024·河北·中考真题）Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A．reads B．read C．is read D．was read 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当艾玛的作品在课堂上被当作模范朗读时，她很兴奋。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合“Emma got excited”可知，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态were/was done。故选D。 11．（2024·福建·中考真题）The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they ________. A．will be taken B．are taking C．were taken 【答案】C 【详解】句意：照片很漂亮。我想知道它们在哪里拍的。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 12．（2024·江西·中考真题）Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A．was asked B．asked C．is asked D．asks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在采访中被问及最喜欢的音乐时，泰德更喜欢流行音乐。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。 13．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：2023年亚运会期间，机器狗首次被用作志愿者。 考查时态和语态。主语Robot dogs和谓语use之间是被动关系，根据“during the 2023 Asian Games.”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。 14．（2023·江苏南京·中考真题）45,000 mu of wheat ________ smoothly in Gaochun District last month, forming a busy harvest scene. A．harvests B．harvested C．is harvested D．was harvested 【答案】D 【详解】句意：上个月，高淳区小麦顺利收获4.5万亩，形成了一片繁忙的收获景象。 考查被动语态。根据“last month”可知，此句是一般过去时，主语“45,000 mu of wheat”与动词harvest之间是被动关系，此处用一般过去时被动语态，故选D。 15．（2023·湖南湘西·中考真题）The Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship (载人飞船) ________ on May 30 this year. A．was sent B．send C．sent 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今年5月30日，神舟十六号载人飞船升空。 考查被动语态。主语The Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship和谓语send“发送”之间是被动关系，用被动语态be done。故选A。 16．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—The traffic is more convenient than before. —Yes. Another bridge ________ over this river last year. A．is built B．was built C．builds D．will be built 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——交通比以前更方便了。——是的。去年在这条河上又建了一座桥。 考查被动语态。主语Another bridge和谓语build之间是被动关系，根据“last year”可知句子用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选B。 17．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Did you enjoy the party last night? —Yes, we ________ well by our hosts. A．treated B．treat C．were treated D．are treated 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你喜欢昨晚的聚会吗？——是的，我们受到了主人很好的招待。 考查被动语态。主语we和动词treat“款待”之间是被动关系，结合前句可知应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。 18．（2023·辽宁大连·中考真题）The Qatar World Cup ________ from November 21 to December 18 last year. A．holds B．held C．was held D．is held 【答案】C 【详解】句意：卡塔尔世界杯于去年11月21日至12月18日举行。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语“The Qatar World Cup”是动作“hold”的承受者，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 19．（2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—Ben, who is the boy in blue in the picture? —It’s my brother. The picture ________ five years ago. A．take B．is taken C．was taken 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Ben，照片上穿蓝衣服的男孩是谁？——这是我哥哥。这张照片是五年前拍的。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“five years ago”可知，应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 20．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ________ to buy comic books. A．use B．is used C．used D．was used 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我还是个学生的时候，我的一些零花钱被用来买漫画书。 考查被动语态。分析题干可知，主语pocket money和动词use之间是被动关系，结合“When I was a pupil”可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。 21．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）Last month, an old people’s dining hall ________ in our community. A．was built B．has built C．will be built D．is built 【答案】A 【详解】句意：上个月，我们社区建了一个老人食堂。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“Last month”可知，是一般过去时，主语是动作的承受者，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。 22．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Students ________ a few open questions in Ms. Li’s class, did you notice that? —Yes, I think she wanted to train their ability of creative thinking. A．are asked B．were asked C．will be asked D．should be asked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——在李老师的课上，学生们被问了几个开放性的问题，你注意到了么？——是的，我想她是想培养他们的创造性思维能力。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“did you notice that”可知前面句子是一般过去时，主语“Students”和动词“ask”之间是被动关系，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语结构是was/were done。故选B。 23．（2023·吉林·中考真题）—The environment of this town is better now. —That’s because lots of trees ________ here many years ago. A．are planted B．were planted C．will be planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这个城镇的环境现在好多了。——那是因为许多年前这里种了许多树。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“many years ago”可知，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 24．（2023·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The students ________ how to do eye exercises just now. A．was taught B．were taught C．taught 【答案】B 【详解】句意：刚才教学生们如何做眼保健操。 考查被动语态。主语The students和谓语teach之间是被动关系，根据“just now”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是名词复数，be动词用were。故选B。 25．（2023·四川乐山·中考真题）—Who’s the little girl in the photo? —It’s me. The photo ________ when I was five years old. A．took B．was taken C．is taken 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——照片里的小女孩是谁？——是我。这张照片是我五岁时拍的。 考查被动语态。主语“The photo”与动词take之间是被动关系，结合“when I was five years old.”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was，故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Power of Ideas. (语法讲练） 【知识讲解】 一、一般现在时的被动语态 1.被动语态的含义 在英语中有两种语态，即主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。 语态 主动语态 被动语态 含义 主语是动作的执行者 主语是动作的承受者，即主语是行为、动作的对象 例句 Many people speak English.许多人讲英语。 English is spoken by many people.英语被许多人讲。 说明 谓语speak这一动作是由主语many people来执行的 主语English是speak这一动作的承受者 2.被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。 3.被动语态的用法 当说话者不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，只需要强调动作的承受者，可以使用被动语态；需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时可用介词by引出。 Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world. 汉语是世界上使用人数最多的（语言）。 4.一般现在时的被动语态 (1)一般现在时的被动语态的谓语构成：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词。 This knife is made of wood and metal. 这把刀是用木头和金属制造的。 These bananas are produced in Hainan. 这些香蕉产于海南。 I am taken care of by my uncle. 我由我的叔叔照顾。 (2)一般现在时的主动语态改写成被动语态的方法：将主动句的宾语变成主语，将主动句的谓语变成am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词”，将主动句的主语变成被动句中by的宾语（或省略）。主动句：主语+谓语+宾语 被动句：主语+am/is/are+及物+by+宾语动词的过去分词 Many students play football. 主语 谓语 宾语 Football is played by many students. 许多学生踢足球。 【注意】如果主动句中有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)，可以把其中任意一个变成被动句的主语。 My teacher gives me a lot of books.(主动语态) 我的老师给我许多书。 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 被动语态： I am given a lot of books by my teacher. A lot of books are given to me by my teacher. 【助记】 主动语态变被动语态的方法 宾语提前成主语，时态人称be体现； 过去分词随be后，by来把原主连； 主动语态变被动，时态根本不用变。 (3)般现在时的被动语态的句式变化： 类别 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词+其他。 The kite is made by Mary.这个风筝是玛丽做的。 否定句 主语+am/is/are+not+及物动词的过去分词+其他。 The kite isn't made by Mary.这个风筝不是玛丽做的。 一般疑问句及其答语 Am/Is/Are+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他？ Is the kite made by Mary?这个风筝是玛丽做的吗？ 肯定回答：Yes,主语+am/is/are. Yes,it is. 是的，它是。 否定回答：No,主语+isn't/aren't.或No,I'm not. No,it isn't.不，它不是。 真｜题｜链｜接 （1）(2025・北京中考)Language learning apps______by more and more people these days. A.use B.used C.are used D.were used 解析：我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题主语Language learning apps(语言学习应用程序)和动词use(使用)之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；再根据时间状语these days可知，应用一般现在时，一般现在时的被动语态的谓语构成为：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词，故选：are used。 答案：C (2)(2025·江苏扬州中考)When you feel cold air coming through your window,energy_________. A.wastes B.is wasted C.wasted D.was wasted 解析：我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。结合选项可知，句意为“当你感觉到冷空气从你的窗户吹进来时，能量就被浪费了”。主句主语energy与谓语动词waste之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；从句时态是一般现在时，且描述的是客观事实，主句也应用一般现在时，一般现在时的被动语态的谓语构成为：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词，故选is wasted。. 答案：B 【同步检测】 基础过关 1．Every day, too much water ______ in our school. We should save it. A．wastes B．is wasted C．wasted D．was wasted 2．Today, many learning apps ________ by students to help with their study. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 3．The tea made in China ________ to many different countries every year. A．sent B．is sent C．has sent D．are sent 4．The new plan ________ by most people in the company now. A．supports B．is supported C．supported D．was supported 5．Robots ________ in many families to help with the housework now. A．use B．are used C．used D．were used 6．—How fine the weather is! We’ll see a film tomorrow. Will you join us, Li Ping? —I’ll if my work ________ tomorrow. A．finishes B．will be finished C．is finished 7．—What a tidy garden! —It ________ every day. A．is cleaning B．was cleaning C．must clean D．is cleaned 8．This kind of medicine ________ to treat colds. It works well. A．uses B．used C．is used D．was used 9．Nowadays, many robots ________ to help look after patients in the hospital. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 10．In this factory, most of the work ________ by robots now. A．does B．did C．is done D．was done 提升闯关 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The exciting matches ________ (watch) by millions of people online every weekend. 2．This book ________ (write) by a famous writer. It’s very popular. 3．Many trees ________ (plant) every spring. 4．New materials ________ (use) by puppeteers to make colourful shadow puppets now. 5．The story usually ________ (write) before the artist starts to draw. 6．In Harbin, the ground is often ________ (cover) with thick snow in winter. 7．The streets ________ (clean) by workers early every morning. 8．If I ________ (give) one more chance, I will try my best to correct my mistakes and do much better. 9．This kind of wood ________ (make) into paper. 10．—When shall we go to watch the basketball match in the sports centre? —Not until the work ________ (finish) tomorrow. 二、完成句子 1．My parents clean the bedroom every day. (改为同义句) The bedroom ________ ________ by my parents every day. 2．Do you plant some trees every year? (改为同义句) ________ some trees ________ by you every year? 3．We often hear her sing English songs. She ________ often ________ ________ ________ English songs by us. 4．Workers don’t clean the street at night. The street ________ ________ at night by workers. 5．Do more and more farmers buy color TV sets? (变为被动语态) __________ color TV sets _________ by more and more farmers? 三、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 WeChat Moments (微信朋友圈) should be a place where we record our lives and show our true 1 (self). Its great value lies in being quick and real. However, nowadays, people 2 (influence) by the idea of “living to be seen by others” and start to “perfectly create” their Moments. They want to show a perfect life to others, 3 their real lives are actually far from perfect. In this age of popular filters, many people use all kinds of apps 4 (make) their photos beautiful. People pretend (假装) to live a perfect life 5 an unreal stage. In fact, this takes away our 6 (able) to face others in a real way. It shows that a person doesn’t have enough confidence. At the same time, it also shows people’s fear about social relationships. 7 we want to get real praise from others, we need to study hard and enrich our lives. Knowledge makes life much more 8 (color). Stepping into real life, accepting our true selves and treasuring real communication with friends are what Moments should be like. Only by 9 (live) a real life can we get true friendships. Let’s put down false shows and hug 10 (we) real life. 【中考链接】 1．（2025·四川攀枝花·中考真题）Robot dogs ________ to collect rubbish on Mount Taishan in Shandong province. A．use B．uses C．is used D．are used 2．（2025·四川广元·中考真题）We should be honest to our friends, because it ________ to be our traditional value. A．is considered B．was considered C．considered D．considers 3．（2025·北京·中考真题）Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 4．（2025·天津·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people from foreign countries today. A．speaks B．spoke C．is spoken D．will speak 5．（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy ________. A．wastes B．is wasted C．wasted D．was wasted 6．（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）The mini-programme “Clear Plate” is popular among young people. It ________ to help deal with food waste. A．will design B．will be designed C．designs D．is designed 7．（2025·四川达州·中考真题）—World Animal Day is on October 4th every year. —Many activities ________ to improve the relationship between humans and animals this day. A．will hold B．is held C．are held 8．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）Many traffic accidents ________ by careless driving. A．are causing B．are caused C．have caused 9．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）—Good morning! May I have a plate of dumplings, please? —Sorry. Dumplings ________ only at dinner. A．serve B．are served C．are serving D．will serve 10．（2024·海南·中考真题）To protect the environment, more and more trees ________ in our country every year A．have planted B．plant C．are planted 11．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）I feel proud that Chinese ________ by the most people in the world. A．is saying B．is spoken C．speaks 12．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In Chinese culture, children born in the Year of the Monkey ________ to be smart. A．say B．is said C．says D．are said 13．（2024·北京·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world these days. A．speaks B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 14．（2024·山东菏泽·中考真题）—More and more young people like to wear Hanfu. —Yes. It’s said that most of the Chinese traditional clothes ________ in Heze, Shandong. A．are producing B．will produce C．are produced 15．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year. A．is made; sent B．made; sent C．made; is sent 16．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Many trees ________ every year to protect the environment. A．plant B．are planted C．were planted D．have planted 17．（2024·云南·中考真题）Chinese ________ by more and more people in the world these days. A．speak B．spoke C．is spoken D．was spoken 18．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—Do you know the Spring Festival became a UN Floating Holiday in 2024? —Yes. The Spring Festival ______ widely in the world nowadays. A．is celebrated B．was celebrated C．will be celebrated 19．（2023·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—Quite a lot of endangered animals ________ in nature parks every year. —That’s great! Animals are our friends. A．protect B．were protected C．are protected D．protected 20．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—Students in our school ________ to swim in the rivers or lakes alone. —That’s true. After all, safety must come first. A．allow B．don’t allow C．aren’t allowed D．is allowed 21．（2023·湖南益阳·中考真题）With the development of technology, computers ________ in class now. A．use B．used C．are used 22．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all ages. A．is loved B．was loved C．will love D．is loving 23．（2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题）Tea is very popular in the world. It ________ in many different areas in China now. A．produces B．produced C．is produced D．was produced 24．（2023·北京·中考真题）The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers ________ every year. A．are planted B．were planted C．plant D．planted 25．（2023·湖北鄂州·中考真题）—What language ________ in Germany? —Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too. A．speak B．is spoken C．is speaking D．speaks 二、一般过去时的被动语态 【知识讲解】 1.构成 was/were+及物动词的过去分词 The desk was made by my father. 这张书桌是我父亲做的。 They were invented by Julie Thompson. 它们是朱莉·汤普森发明的。 2.句式变化 (1)肯定句：主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他 Many fans were attracted by the one-armed basketball player. 许多球迷被那位独臂篮球运动员吸引了。 (2)否定句：主语+wasn't/weren't+及物动词的过去分词+其他 Many fans weren't attracted by the one-armed basketball player.许多球迷没被那位独臂篮球运动员吸引。 (3)一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他？回答：Yes,主语+was/were. No,主语+wasn't/weren't. Were many fans attracted by the one-armed basketball player? 许多球迷被那位独臂篮球运动员吸引了吗？ 一No,they weren't.不，他们没有（被吸引）。 真｜题｜链｜接 (2025・江西中考)-I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain(瓷器)________in Paris last month. -Wow！Good news. A.shows B.has shown C.is shown D.was shown 解析：我们可用“语法分析法”解答此题。根据last month可知，动作发生在过去，且主语Jingdezhen Porcelain (景德镇瓷器)与动词show(展出)之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，其谓语构成为“was/were+ 及物动词的过去分词”。故选D。句意：“我听说景德镇瓷器上个月在巴黎被展出。”“哇！好消息。” 答案D 【同步检测】 基础过关 1．Paper ________ by Chinese people about two thousand years ago, which is a great invention. A．invents B．invented C．is invented D．was invented 2．—Who________ this book________? It’s so interesting. —I don’t know. It must be a humorous person. A．did; written B．was; written by C．did; write D．was; written 3．The old bridge ________ in 1990, but it is still strong and beautiful. A．built B．was built C．has built D．has been built 4．The old temple __________ by the local government last year to protect cultural heritage. A．repairs B．repaired C．is repaired D．was repaired 5．The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou in 2023. A．held B．were held C．was held D．hold 6．The new bridge ________ last year, and now it’s much easier to go to the other side of the river. A．built B．builds C．is built D．was built 7．These beautiful kites ________ by the students themselves last week. A．make B．made C．are made D．were made 8．These books ________ from the library last week. Mary takes good care of them. A．are borrowed B．were borrowed C．borrow D．borrowed 9．That beautiful paper lantern ________ by my grandpa for the Lantern Festival last year. A．makes B．made C．is made D．was made 10．Some useful books and pens ________ for the poor students in the mountain village last month. A．provided B．was provided C．were provided D．are provided 提升闯关 一、单词拼写 1．The telephone ________ (invent) by Bell. 2．The light bulb ________ (invent) by Thomas Edison in 1879. 3．It’s reported that 20 people ________ (kill) in the accident. 4．—Have you heard the news? Wuxi ________ (choose) as a World Music City in 2025! —Yes. It was great for our city! 5．His brave action ________ (praise) by the whole school last week. 6．The pizza ________ into 4 pieces for my family last night. (divide) 7．Many useful things like paper and printing ________ (invent) by Chinese people. 8．The students didn’t understand the question until it ________ (explain) again. 9．The charity ________ (set) up to help people with eye problems last month. 10．The students ________ to have enough time to have sports last term. (allow) 二、完成句子 1．The workers built the Zhaozhou Bridge more than 1,400 years ago. (改为同义句) The Zhaozhou Bridge ________ ________ by the workers more than 1,400 years ago. 2．Where did you find these old photos? (同义句转换) Where ________ these photos ________ by you? 3．My cousin’s father bought him a new bike.（同义句转换） A new bike was ________ ________ my cousin by his father. 4．Someone saw the man steal the phone just now. (改为被动语态) The man ______ ______ to steal the phone by someone just now. 5．He put his watch on his classmate’s desk by mistake. (改为被动语态) His watch ________ ________ on his classmate’s desk by him by mistake. 三、短文填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 China is a country of etiquette (礼仪). I’m working here as a foreign teacher and I’m leaving soon. I 1 (real) have a deep understanding of Chinese culture and society. Everything was new to me when I first arrived 2 China. As for seats at the table, Chinese people have their own culture. Once, I 3 (invite) to a big dinner at a restaurant. Before the dinner, someone showed me to take the seat 4 was ready for the most important person. It faced the door. I found another 5 (interest) thing. Chinese people like giving gifts in pairs. Last month, I 6 (have) a party with three friends in my home. They each brought two gifts. I couldn’t wait to open them, 7 one of my friends reminded me not to do that right away. He thought it was 8 (polite) to open gifts in front of the givers. These are amazing 9 (day) of cultural experiences. I believe 10 (I) stay in China will not be the last time. I expect to come to China again. 【中考链接】 1．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—Do you know that tea, one of the most popular drinks in the world, ________ by accident? —Really? It’s my favourite drink. A．was invented B．invented C．was inventing 2．（2025·海南·中考真题）The ceremony ________ in the school hall. A．held B．was held C．was holding 3．（2025·四川乐山·中考真题）When Tony ________ why he was late for school, he just kept silent. A．asks B．was asked C．will be asked 4．（2025·福建·中考真题）China’s Beijing Library ________ “Public Library of the Year” in 2024. A．named B．was named C．will be named 5．（2025·江西·中考真题）—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A．shows B．has shown C．is shown D．was shown 6．（2025·四川成都·中考真题）In April, some planarians (涡虫) ________ into China’s space station for scientific research. A．were taken B．took C．were taking 7．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival. —I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business. A．is held B．will be held C．was held D．held 8．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year. A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted 9．（2024·天津·中考真题）Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”. A．names B．named C．was named D．has named 10．（2024·河北·中考真题）Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A．reads B．read C．is read D．was read 11．（2024·福建·中考真题）The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they ________. A．will be taken B．are taking C．were taken 12．（2024·江西·中考真题）Ted preferred pop music when he ________ about his favorite music in the interview. A．was asked B．asked C．is asked D．asks 13．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A．use B．used C．are used D．were used 14．（2023·江苏南京·中考真题）45,000 mu of wheat ________ smoothly in Gaochun District last month, forming a busy harvest scene. A．harvests B．harvested C．is harvested D．was harvested 15．（2023·湖南湘西·中考真题）The Shenzhou-16 manned spaceship (载人飞船) ________ on May 30 this year. A．was sent B．send C．sent 16．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—The traffic is more convenient than before. —Yes. Another bridge ________ over this river last year. A．is built B．was built C．builds D．will be built 17．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Did you enjoy the party last night? —Yes, we ________ well by our hosts. A．treated B．treat C．were treated D．are treated 18．（2023·辽宁大连·中考真题）The Qatar World Cup ________ from November 21 to December 18 last year. A．holds B．held C．was held D．is held 19．（2023·湖南邵阳·中考真题）—Ben, who is the boy in blue in the picture? —It’s my brother. The picture ________ five years ago. A．take B．is taken C．was taken 20．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ________ to buy comic books. A．use B．is used C．used D．was used 21．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）Last month, an old people’s dining hall ________ in our community. A．was built B．has built C．will be built D．is built 22．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Students ________ a few open questions in Ms. Li’s class, did you notice that? —Yes, I think she wanted to train their ability of creative thinking. A．are asked B．were asked C．will be asked D．should be asked 23．（2023·吉林·中考真题）—The environment of this town is better now. —That’s because lots of trees ________ here many years ago. A．are planted B．were planted C．will be planted 24．（2023·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The students ________ how to do eye exercises just now. A．was taught B．were taught C．taught 25．（2023·四川乐山·中考真题）—Who’s the little girl in the photo? —It’s me. The photo ________ when I was five years old. A．took B．was taken C．is taken / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $