专题03 Unit 3 On the move-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语一轮复习外研版必修第二册

该高中英语导学案聚焦必修二Unit 3及高考12个高频词汇，以足球主题语境为线索，构建“词根拆解-词性变化-语境复现”的知识网络，通过语篇串联、考点列表等设计引导学生自主梳理represent/goal等词的用法规律，形成系统的词汇认知体系。 亮点在于自主学习支持与个性化复习设计，如Part 9的语境复述模板帮助学生自我检测词汇掌握情况，Part 5语法填空融入真题改编题培养语言能力，Part 8写作词汇升级任务提升思维品质。教师可通过学生练习反馈精准把握学情，助力因材施教，有效培养学生自主复习能力。

乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题03【语境串考点】第三单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：represent / goal / equipment / defend / conflict / balance / involve / inspire / champion / ultimate / power / monitor （知识点来源：必修二 Unit 3 · On the move + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 10 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 10 【练习题】 10 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 11 【练习题】 11 Part 7 关联阅读 12 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 13 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 14 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Football is more than a game; for millions of fans it can represent a whole way of life. All you need is a ball, a flat piece of ground and two piles of coats for a goal, so the sport asks for very little equipment. Eleven players attack, eleven defend, and for ninety minutes the two sides live with a friendly conflict that hurts nobody. Good players learn to keep their balance while running fast, turning quickly and passing the ball at the same time. Training also involves the mind. A great coach can inspire a tired team with a few quiet words, and every young champion remembers the moment when someone believed in them first. The ultimate prize is not always a cup: it may be the power to keep going when your legs ache and your lungs burn. Today many players monitor their heart rate with a small watch, yet no machine can measure the joy of a goal scored on a wet Sunday morning. 【中文译文】 足球不只是一场比赛；对千百万球迷来说，它可以代表（represent）一整种生活方式。你需要的只是一个球、一块平地，再用两堆外套当作球门（goal），所以这项运动几乎不需要什么装备（equipment）。十一人进攻，十一人防守（defend），九十分钟里，两支球队在一场谁也不会受伤的友好冲突（conflict）中较量。优秀的球员要学会一边快跑、急转、传球，一边保持平衡（balance）。 训练同样涉及（involve）头脑。一位好教练用几句轻声的话就能激励（inspire）一支疲惫的球队，而每一位年轻的冠军（champion）都记得最初有人相信自己的那一刻。终极（ultimate）的奖赏未必是一座奖杯：它也许是双腿酸痛、肺部灼烧时仍能坚持下去的力量（power）。如今许多球员用一块小手表监测（monitor）心率，但没有哪台机器能测出在一个下雨的周日早晨进球时的喜悦。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：足球代表一种生活方式→两堆外套当球门→几乎不需要装备→十一人进攻十一人防守→无人受伤的友好冲突→奔跑中保持平衡→训练也涉及头脑→教练激励疲惫的球队→年轻冠军记得被信任的那一刻→终极奖赏未必是奖杯→是坚持下去的力量→用手表监测心率 记忆链：represent → goal → equipment → defend → conflict → balance → involve → inspire → champion → ultimate → power → monitor Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ vt. 代表；象征，表示；描绘；构成，相当于 ⚡考点：represent sb./sth. 代表…；be represented by 由…代表；represent a threat 构成威胁；representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的 2 goal /ɡəʊl/ n. 目标，目的；（球类的）球门；进球，得分 ⚡考点：achieve/reach a goal 实现目标；set a goal 设定目标；score a goal 进一球；辨析 goal/aim/objective/target 3 equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ n. 设备，装备，器材（不可数） ⚡考点：a piece of equipment 一件设备；sports/safety equipment 运动/安全器材；be equipped with 配备有；equip sb. with sth. 4 defend /dɪˈfend/ vt./vi. 保卫，防守；为…辩护；捍卫 ⚡考点：defend sb./sth. against/from 保护…免受…；defend a title 卫冕；the defending champion 卫冕冠军；defence n./defensive adj. 5 conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. /kənˈflɪkt/ v. n. 冲突，矛盾；争执 vi. 抵触，不一致 ⚡考点：名动异读；come into conflict with 与…冲突；a conflict of interest 利益冲突；conflicting adj. 相互矛盾的 6 balance /ˈbæləns/ n. 平衡；均衡；余额 vt. 使平衡；权衡 ⚡考点：keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡；strike a balance between 在…间取得平衡；a balanced diet 均衡饮食；on balance 总的来说 7 involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ vt. 包含，需要；使参与；牵涉 ⚡考点：involve doing sth.（不接不定式）；be/get involved in 参与；involved 作定语=复杂的，作后置定语=有关的；involvement n. 参与 8 inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ vt. 鼓舞，激励；启发；激起（感情） ⚡考点：inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做…；be inspired by 受…启发；inspiring（令人鼓舞的）vs inspired（受鼓舞的）；inspiration n. 灵感 9 champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n. 冠军；捍卫者，拥护者 vt. 支持，捍卫 ⚡考点：the world champion 世界冠军；the defending champion 卫冕冠军；championship n. 锦标赛；冠军称号；champion a cause 支持某事业 10 ultimate /ˈʌltɪmət/ adj. 最终的；根本的；极致的 n. 极品，极致 ⚡考点：the ultimate goal 最终目标；the ultimate cause 根本原因；ultimately adv. 最终，归根结底；辨析 ultimate/final/eventual 11 power /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n. 力量；能力；权力；电力；强国 vt. 为…提供动力 ⚡考点：have the power to do 有能力做；come to power 上台；in power 执政；a world power 世界强国；powerful adj. 12 monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/ vt. 监测，监控；跟踪调查 n. 显示器；班长；监测仪 ⚡考点：monitor one's heart rate/progress 监测心率/进展；closely monitor 密切监控；a class monitor 班长；a computer monitor 显示器 13 a.m.（词表原作 am） /ˌeɪ ˈem/ abbr. 上午，午前（拉丁语 ante meridiem 的缩写） ⚡考点：只置于具体钟点之后 at 7 a.m.；不可与 in the morning 连用；12 a.m. 指午夜零点，12 p.m. 指正午；对应 p.m. 下午 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ vt. 代表；象征，表示；描绘；构成，相当于 【核心考点】 represent是说明文与议论文的高频动词，也是文化、体育类语篇的标志词。四大义项要分清：①代表（某人、某团体），如She was chosen to represent our school（她被选中代表学校）；②象征，表示，如The dove represents peace（鸽子象征和平）；③描绘，表现，如The painting represents a battle scene；④构成，相当于（=be），如This represents a real breakthrough。用法要点：be represented by（由…代表）、represent sb. at a meeting（代表某人出席会议）。派生家族是语法填空高产点：representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的→ a representative of the school（学校代表）、be representative of（是…的典型）；representation n. 代表；表现。辨析：represent（正式，可代表人也可象征物）vs stand for（口语化，多指字母、符号代表）vs on behalf of（介词短语，代表某人行事）。 【词根联想】 re-（再一次，again）+ present（呈现；pre-"在前" + esse"存在"→ 摆在面前）→ 把不在场的人或事再一次摆到面前→ 代表；表现。联想：present（呈现；出席）→ represent（再现→代表）→ representative（代表人；有代表性的）。记住：能"再呈现"出来的人，就是代表。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：represent vt. 构成；相当于（等同于be/constitute）。熟义"代表"之外，represent在正式说明文中常直接表示"是；构成"，如These figures represent a 10% increase（这些数字意味着增长了10%）、Smoking represents a serious threat to health（吸烟构成对健康的严重威胁）。此义抽象、隐蔽，是阅读理解词义猜测题的常客。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"For millions of fans, a football club does not just represent a team; it represents a whole city and the pride of the people living in it."（对千百万球迷来说，一家足球俱乐部代表的不只是一支球队，更代表着一整座城市以及生活在其中的人们的骄傲。）（经典原句·represent 代表；象征） 【搭配词块】 represent sb./sth. 代表… / be represented by 由…代表 / represent a threat 构成威胁 / representative n. 代表 2. goal /ɡəʊl/ n. 目标，目的；（足球等的）球门；进球，得分 【核心考点】 goal既是写作中"目标"类话题的第一名词，又是本单元体育语境的关键词。用法要点：achieve/reach/attain a goal（实现目标）、set a goal for oneself（为自己设定目标）、work towards a goal（朝目标努力）、the goal of doing sth.（做某事的目标）、one's ultimate/long-term/short-term goal（终极/长期/短期目标）。体育义：score a goal（进一球）、keep goal（守门）、a goalkeeper（守门员）。辨析是高考重点：goal（长远的总体目标，需付出努力）vs aim（较具体的目的，常与at连用）vs objective（可衡量的阶段性目标，语体正式）vs purpose（做事的意图与原因）vs target（可量化的指标，如销售指标）。写作金句：Set a clear goal, and every small step will make sense。 【词根联想】 中古英语gol"界限；赛跑终点的标柱"→ 跑到那根柱子就算到达→ 目标；球场上那扇要射进去的"终点"→ 球门。联想：把人生想象成一场比赛，goal既是终点线，也是那扇要攻破的门——目标与球门本是同一个词。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：goal n. 球门；进球，得分。熟义"目标"之外，goal在体育语篇中指"球门"与"进球"，如score the winning goal（攻入制胜一球）、a goal-line（球门线）、keep goal（担任守门员）。高考体育类阅读中，goal几乎全部取此义，考生若只记"目标"极易误读。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空·main goal作主语中心词表"目标"）"The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild."（大熊猫国家公园的主要目标是改善各自独立的大熊猫种群与栖息地之间的连通性，并最终使野生种群数量达到理想水平。）（真题原句·goal 目标） 【搭配词块】 achieve a goal 实现目标 / set a goal 设定目标 / score a goal 进一球 / the ultimate goal 最终目标 3. equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ n. 设备，装备，器材（不可数名词） 【核心考点】 equipment是高考名词题的经典陷阱词：它是不可数名词，没有复数形式，也不能加不定冠词。要说"一件设备"必须用a piece of equipment，"很多设备"用much/a lot of/a great deal of equipment，绝不能说an equipment或equipments。常见搭配：sports equipment（运动器材）、safety/medical/office equipment（安全/医疗/办公设备）、a piece of camping equipment、install/provide equipment（安装/提供设备）。动词原形equip：equip sb./sth. with sth.（为…配备）、be equipped with（配备有）、be well equipped to do sth.（有充分能力做某事）。辨析：equipment（成套器材，总称，不可数）vs tool（手工工具，可数）vs device（小巧装置，可数）vs facility（设施，常用复数facilities）vs instrument（精密仪器；乐器）。 【词根联想】 古法语esquiper"给船配齐船员与物资"（源自古北欧语skip"船"）→ 出海前把船装备停当→ 装备→ 设备。联想：ship（船）→ equip（把船配齐→装备）→ equipment（装备品；设备）。记住：装备原本是给船准备的，一船一船地配，所以不可数。 【真题原句】 （2021·全国甲卷·语法填空·defensive equipment 作介词looking at的宾语）"After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!"（在花了一些时间参观完城墙上所有的防御装备之后，我们觉得该行动起来了——还有什么比骑行在一段历史之上更棒的呢！）（真题原句·equipment 装备；器材） 【搭配词块】 a piece of equipment 一件设备 / sports equipment 运动器材 / be equipped with 配备有 / equip sb. with 为…配备 4. defend /dɪˈfend/ vt./vi. 保卫，防守；为…辩护；捍卫（权利、观点） 【核心考点】 defend是体育、法律与议论文三类语篇的共用高频词。三大用法：①保卫，防守——defend sb./sth. against/from sth.（保护…免受…的侵害），如defend the country against invasion；体育中defend the goal（守门）、defend space（防守空间）；②为…辩护——defend oneself（为自己辩解）、defend sb. in court（在法庭上为某人辩护）、defend one's decision（为自己的决定辩护）；③卫冕——defend a title/one's crown（卫冕），由此产生本单元黄金搭配the defending champion（卫冕冠军）。派生家族：defence（英）/ defense（美）n. 防守；辩护→ in defence of（为了保卫）、come to sb.'s defence（为某人辩护）；defensive adj. 防守的；戒备的；defender n. 后卫；捍卫者。辨析：defend（主动抵御来袭的攻击）vs protect（使免受伤害，范围最广）vs guard（看守、守卫，强调警戒）vs safeguard（保障，语体正式）。 【词根联想】 de-（向下，去掉，away）+ fend（拉丁语fendere"击打"）→ 把打过来的攻击击退→ 防守；辩护。联想：fend"打"→ offend（冒犯→朝对方打过去）、defend（防守→把攻击打回去）、fence（栅栏→挡住外来者的防御物）、fencing（击剑）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：defend vt. 为…辩护；辩解。熟义"防守"之外，defend在法律与议论文语境中表示"用言辞为某人或某观点辩护"，如The lawyer defended him in court（律师在法庭上为他辩护）、He defended his view with facts（他用事实为自己的观点辩护）。此义在议论文与新闻报道中出现频率极高。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A good team knows how to defend space instead of simply running after whoever has the ball."（一支优秀的球队懂得防守空间，而不是一味追着控球的人跑。）（经典原句·defend 防守；保卫） 【搭配词块】 defend sb. against 保护…免受 / defend a title 卫冕 / the defending champion 卫冕冠军 / defensive adj. 防守的 5. conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. /kənˈflɪkt/ v. n. 冲突，矛盾；争执；战斗 vi. 抵触，不一致 【核心考点】 conflict最典型的高考考点是"名动异读"：作名词时重音在第一音节/ˈkɒnflɪkt/，作动词时重音后移到第二音节/kənˈflɪkt/，与record、increase、present同属一类，是听力与语音题的常客。名词搭配：come into conflict with（与…发生冲突）、be in conflict with（与…相矛盾）、a conflict of interest（利益冲突）、resolve/settle a conflict（化解冲突）、armed conflict（武装冲突）。动词搭配：conflict with（与…相抵触），如His account conflicts with hers。派生词：conflicting adj. 相互矛盾的→ conflicting views/evidence/reports（相互矛盾的观点/证据/报道），是阅读理解常考形容词。辨析：conflict（观点、利益或人群之间的对立，可大可小）vs quarrel（口角，多为私人的争吵）vs argument（就某事展开的争论）vs dispute（争端，多为正式的纠纷）vs war（战争）。 【词根联想】 con-（共同，一起，together）+ flict（拉丁语fligere"击打"）→ 双方互相击打→ 冲突。联想：flict/flig"打"→ conflict（冲突→互相打）、afflict（折磨→打向某人）、inflict（把打击强加于人）。记住：con"一起" + flict"打"，一起打起来了，就是冲突。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：conflict vi. 抵触，不一致（重音后移）。熟义名词"冲突"之外，conflict作不及物动词表示"（信息、说法、时间安排）相互矛盾、有冲突"，如The two reports conflict with each other（两份报告相互矛盾）、The dates conflict（日期撞车了）。此义在说明文的论证段与日程安排类应用文中高频出现。 【真题原句】 （2023·全国乙卷·阅读D·名词作the first的中心词，词义"冲突"）"The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals."（有文字记载的历史与无文字记载的历史之间，最清晰的例证也许就是植物学湾上库克船长的航行队与澳大利亚原住民之间的第一次冲突。）（真题原句·conflict 冲突） 【搭配词块】 come into conflict with 与…冲突 / a conflict of interest 利益冲突 / resolve a conflict 化解冲突 / conflicting adj. 矛盾的 6. balance /ˈbæləns/ n. 平衡；均衡；（银行账户）余额 vt./vi. 使平衡；权衡 【核心考点】 balance在运动健康、时间管理与议论文写作三大话题中都属必备词。名词搭配（最常考）：keep/lose one's balance（保持/失去平衡）、strike/find/achieve a balance between A and B（在A与B之间取得平衡）、the balance of nature（自然界的平衡）、on balance（总的来说，作插入语）、in the balance（悬而未决）。动词搭配：balance A against B（权衡A与B）、balance work and rest（平衡工作与休息）、balance on one leg（单腿站稳）。派生词：balanced adj. 均衡的→ a balanced diet（均衡饮食）、a balanced view（客观公允的看法）；unbalanced adj. 不平衡的；失衡的。写作金句：Only by striking a balance between study and exercise can we stay healthy。 【词根联想】 拉丁语bilanx = bi-（二）+ lanx（秤盘）→ 有两个托盘的天平→ 两端相等→ 平衡。联想：bi"二"→ bicycle（自行车→两个轮）、bilingual（双语的）、binoculars（双筒望远镜）、balance（双盘天平→平衡）。记住：天平两盘一样重，就是balance。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：balance n. 余额；差额；结余。熟义"平衡"之外，balance在银行、账单与经济类语篇中表示"账户余额、收支差额"，如check your account balance（查询账户余额）、the balance of payments（国际收支差额）、pay the balance（付清余款）。此义在应用文与图表类说明文中十分常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Learning to keep your balance on one leg is the very first step of every plank and core exercise."（学会单腿站稳，是每一项平板支撑与核心训练的第一步。）（经典原句·balance 平衡） 【搭配词块】 keep one's balance 保持平衡 / strike a balance between 在…间取得平衡 / a balanced diet 均衡饮食 / on balance 总的来说 7. involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ vt. 包含，需要；使参与；牵涉，涉及 【核心考点】 involve是高考语法填空与阅读的双高频动词。三大用法：①包含，需要——involve doing sth.（后接动名词，绝不能接不定式，这是高考经典易错点），如The job involves working at weekends；②使参与——involve sb. in sth.（让某人参与…），被动式be/get involved in（参与其中；卷入），如get involved in a project；③牵涉，与…有关——be involved with（与…有牵连）。派生词与位置考点：involvement n. 参与；牵连；involved adj. 有两个含义且由位置决定——作前置定语时表示"复杂的"（an involved explanation 一段复杂的解释），作后置定语时表示"有关的、参与其中的"（the people involved 相关人员、the risks involved 所涉及的风险），这一"位置定含义"的规律是高考精细考点。辨析：involve（客观上必然包含或牵涉）vs include（包括在整体之内）vs contain（内部装有）vs concern（与…有关，涉及）。 【词根联想】 in-（向内，into）+ volv（拉丁语volvere"卷，转"）→ 把某人某事卷进来→ 牵涉；包含。联想：volv/volu"卷"→ revolve（旋转→反复卷）、evolve（进化→卷展开来）、volume（卷册；音量）、involve（卷入）。记住：被"卷"进去了，就是involved。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：involved adj. 复杂的（作前置定语）；有关的（作后置定语）。同一个词形，位置一变含义就变：an involved problem 指"一道复杂难缠的题"，而the students involved 指"相关的那些学生"。高考语法填空与阅读常在此处设卡，须靠位置判断。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Real training involves far more than kicking a ball around a muddy field for an hour."（真正的训练远不只是在泥泞的场地上踢一小时球那么简单。）（经典原句·involve 包含；需要） 【搭配词块】 involve doing sth. 需要做… / be involved in 参与 / the people involved 相关人员 / involvement n. 参与 8. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ vt. 鼓舞，激励；启发；激起（某种感情） 【核心考点】 inspire是人物类阅读、读后续写与应用文写作的高分动词。三大用法：①激励——inspire sb. to do sth.（激励某人去做某事），如His story inspired me to keep running；②启发——be inspired by（受…启发），如The design was inspired by nature；③激起（感情）——inspire confidence/hope/respect in sb. = inspire sb. with confidence（使某人产生信心/希望/敬意）。派生家族是语法填空高产点，务必分清：inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的（修饰事物，an inspiring speech）vs inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；有灵感的（修饰人，an inspired player）；inspiration n. ①灵感（a source of inspiration）②鼓舞人心的人或事（She is an inspiration to us all）。辨析：inspire（从内心点燃热情，偏精神层面）vs encourage（鼓励，给人勇气去做）vs motivate（激发动机，强调驱动力）vs stimulate（刺激，多用于兴趣、经济、思维）。 【词根联想】 in-（进入，into）+ spir（拉丁语spirare"呼吸"）+ -e→ 把一口气吹进某人体内→ 注入灵气与热情→ 鼓舞；启发。联想：spir"呼吸"→ spirit（精神→气息）、respire（呼吸）、expire（期满→呼出最后一口气）、aspire（渴望→朝着某处呼吸）、conspire（密谋→一起呼吸）、inspire（吸入灵感→鼓舞）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：inspire vt. 激起，引起（某种感情）。熟义"鼓舞"之外，inspire可表示"使人产生某种情绪或反应"，如The coach's calm inspired confidence in the whole team（教练的镇定让全队信心大增）、The old house inspired fear in the children。这一"引起感情"的用法在记叙文与人物特写中反复出现。 【真题原句】 （2021·浙江卷6月·阅读B·被动语态if children are inspired 作条件状语从句）"There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life."（有大量非常有意思的证据似乎表明：如果孩子在七岁之前受到激励，那么走到户外就会成为他们一生的习惯。）（真题原句·inspire 激励；鼓舞） 【搭配词块】 inspire sb. to do 激励某人做 / be inspired by 受…启发 / inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 / inspiration n. 灵感 9. champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n. 冠军；捍卫者，拥护者 vt. 支持，捍卫 【核心考点】 champion是体育类语篇的标志名词，也是本单元On the move的核心词。名词搭配：the world/Olympic champion（世界/奥运冠军）、the defending champion（卫冕冠军，高考体育报道高频）、a former champion（前任冠军）、become a champion（成为冠军）。抽象义：a champion of human rights/the poor（人权/穷人的捍卫者）。动词义：champion a cause/an idea（支持、捍卫某项事业或主张），语体较正式。派生词：championship n. ①锦标赛（win the championship 夺得锦标赛冠军）②冠军称号、冠军地位。辨析必须分清：champion（获得冠军头衔的人或队）vs winner（某场比赛的获胜者，范围更小）vs championship（比赛本身或冠军头衔）vs runner-up（亚军）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语campus"平地；战场"→ 中古法语champion"在战场上替他人出战的斗士"→ 决斗中胜出的人→ 冠军；替他人而战→ 捍卫者。联想：camp（营地）、campus（校园→原义"平地"）、campaign（战役；运动→在战场上展开的行动）、champion（战场上的胜者→冠军；为他人而战者→捍卫者）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：champion n. 捍卫者，拥护者 vt. 支持，捍卫。熟义"冠军"之外，champion指"为某项事业或某个群体奋力发声的人"，如a champion of women's education（女性教育的捍卫者）；作动词时表示"支持、力挺"，如She has long championed the rights of migrant workers。此义在人物类阅读与议论文中常考。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Every young champion still remembers the very first person who believed in her before anyone else did."（每一位年轻的冠军，都还记得在所有人之前第一个相信她的那个人。）（经典原句·champion 冠军） 【搭配词块】 the world champion 世界冠军 / the defending champion 卫冕冠军 / championship n. 锦标赛 / champion a cause 支持某事业 10. ultimate /ˈʌltɪmət/ adj. 最终的，最后的；根本的；极致的 n. 极品，极致 【核心考点】 ultimate是议论文与说明文的高分形容词，用来收束全文、点明终极意义。搭配要点：the ultimate goal/aim/objective（最终目标）、the ultimate cause/reason（根本原因）、the ultimate decision（最终决定）、the ultimate test（终极考验）、the ultimate in comfort/luxury（舒适/奢华的极致，此处ultimate为名词）。副词ultimately adv. 最终；归根结底，是写作中替换finally与in the end的高分词，常置于句首作评注性状语：Ultimately, success depends on how you deal with failure。辨析是高考重点：ultimate（最终且最重要、最根本的，含"无可超越"之意）vs final（顺序上最后的一个，如the final round）vs eventual（经过一系列过程后最终出现的，如the eventual winner）vs last（时间或顺序上的最后一个，也可指"上一个"）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语ultimus"最远的、最后的"（介词ultra"超越，在…之外"的最高级）→ 走到再也不能往前走的那一步→ 最终的；极致的。联想：ultra-"超越"→ ultraviolet（紫外线→超出紫色）、ultrasound（超声波）、ultramodern（超现代的）、ultimate（走到尽头的→最终的）、ultimately（最终）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：ultimate n. 极致，极品，顶峰。熟义形容词"最终的"之外，the ultimate in sth. 作名词短语表示"某方面的极致"，如This car is the ultimate in comfort（这款车是舒适性的极致）、the ultimate in modern design。此名词义常见于广告、产品介绍与旅游宣传类应用文。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The ultimate prize of sport is not a golden cup, but the habit of never giving up too early."（体育运动的终极奖赏不是一座金杯，而是永不过早放弃的习惯。）（经典原句·ultimate 最终的；终极的） 【搭配词块】 the ultimate goal 最终目标 / the ultimate cause 根本原因 / ultimately adv. 最终 / the ultimate in 极致的… 11. power /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n. 力量；能力；权力；电力；强国 vt. 为…提供动力 【核心考点】 power是英语中语义最宽的名词之一，五大义项在高考中轮番出现：①力量、体力（the power of the human body）；②能力（have the power to do sth. 有能力做某事，do everything in one's power 竭尽全力）；③权力（come to power 上台执政，注意无冠词；be in power 执政中；take power 掌权）；④电力（a power cut 停电、a power station 发电站、solar power 太阳能）；⑤强国（a world power 世界强国、the great powers 列强）。其他搭配：beyond/within one's power（力所不及/力所能及）、the power of example（榜样的力量）。派生词：powerful adj. 强大的；powerless adj. 无能为力的；powered by 由…驱动。辨析：power（最宽泛，体力、能力、权力皆可）vs strength（体力或强度，可测量）vs force（外加的力，也指武力）vs energy（精力；能源）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语posse"能够"（potis"有能力的" + esse"是"）→ 古法语poeir"能力"→ 英语power。联想：pot/poss"能"→ possible（可能的）、potential（潜在的；潜力）、potent（有效力的）、omnipotent（全能的）、power（能力→力量→权力）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：power n. 强国；电力。熟义"力量"之外，power在国际政治语篇中指"强国、大国"，a world power / an economic power（世界强国／经济强国）；在科技与生活语篇中指"电力、电源"，a power cut（停电）、turn off the power（断电）。两义均为高考阅读的隐蔽考点。 【真题原句】 （2022·浙江卷1月·阅读理解·rose to global power 中 power 取"强国地位"义）"The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology."（美国正是凭借其技术实力崛起为全球强国。）（真题原句·power 强国地位；力量） 【搭配词块】 have the power to do 有能力做 / come to power 上台执政 / a world power 世界强国 / powerful adj. 强大的 12. monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/ vt. 监测，监控；跟踪调查 n. 显示器；班长；监测仪 【核心考点】 monitor是科技、健康与环境类说明文的高频动词，近年在高考阅读中出现率显著上升。动词搭配：monitor one's heart rate/blood pressure/weight（监测心率/血压/体重）、monitor the progress of（跟踪…的进展）、monitor the situation closely（密切关注局势）、be closely monitored（受到密切监测）。名词义有三：①显示器（a computer monitor）；②班长、级长（a class monitor）；③监测仪（a heart monitor 心率监测仪、a baby monitor 婴儿监听器）。派生词：monitoring n./adj. 监测（的）。辨析：monitor（长期、系统地跟踪观察以掌握变化，常借助仪器）vs observe（观察，侧重看并记录）vs supervise（监督人的工作、行为）vs watch（看着，最普通）vs check（检查一次，不强调持续）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语monere"提醒，警告"+ -or（表施动者）→ 会提醒你的人或装置→ 班长（提醒同学守纪律的人）；监视器（提醒你数据变化的装置）。联想：mon"提醒"→ monument（纪念碑→提醒后人）、monitor（提醒者→班长；监视器）、admonish（告诫）、summon（召唤→叫来提醒）、premonition（预感）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：monitor n. 班长；显示器。熟义动词"监测"之外，monitor作名词在校园语境中指"班长、级长"，如He was elected class monitor（他被选为班长）；在科技语境中指"显示屏、监视器"，如a 27-inch computer monitor。同一个词从校园跨到实验室，都保留着"随时提醒"的本义。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Many young players now monitor their heart rate with a cheap watch after every single training session."（如今许多年轻球员在每一次训练之后，都会用一块廉价的手表监测自己的心率。）（经典原句·monitor 监测；监控） 【搭配词块】 monitor one's progress 监测进展 / closely monitor 密切监控 / a heart monitor 心率仪 / a class monitor 班长 13. a.m. /ˌeɪ ˈem/ abbr. 上午，午前（词表原列 am，实为 a.m. 的无点写法） 【核心考点】 本单元词表末位的"am"并非系动词，而是时间缩写a.m.（部分教材印作am/AM），义为"上午、午前"，属普通词汇，故不列入本专题核心目标词。用法要点：①a.m.只能放在具体钟点之后——at 7 a.m.（上午七点），不能说7 o'clock a.m.，也不能与in the morning重复连用（× at 7 a.m. in the morning）；②与p.m.（post meridiem 午后）配对使用；③陷阱在12点：12 a.m. 指午夜零点（midnight），12 p.m. 指正午（noon），听力与应用文中常据此设题，稳妥写法是直接写midnight/noon；④书写形式可为a.m. / am / A.M. / AM，同一篇内须统一，英式多用小写加点，美式常用小写不加点。本单元Developing ideas的健身计划表中，作息时间即以a.m./p.m.标注。 【词根联想】 ante-（在…之前，before）+ meridiem（拉丁语meridies"正午"= medius"中间的" + dies"日"）→ 一天正中间之前→ 上午。联想：ante-"前"→ anteroom（前厅）、antecedent（前情；先行词）；medi-"中"→ medium（中间的）、Mediterranean（地中海→大地中间的海）；di/dies"日"→ diary（日记）、daily（每日的）。p.m. 则是post（在…之后）+ meridiem。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Our morning run starts at 6.30 a.m., long before the streets around the stadium get busy."（我们的晨跑在上午六点半开始，那时体育场周围的街道还远未热闹起来。）（经典原句·a.m. 上午；午前） 【搭配词块】 at 7 a.m. 上午7点 / 12 a.m. 午夜零点 / a.m. ↔ p.m. 上午↔下午 / ante meridiem 午前 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 represent representative (n./adj.) representation (n.) represented (v.) represent sb. / a representative of goal goals (n.pl.) goalkeeper (n.) goalless (adj.) achieve a goal / score a goal equipment equip (v.) equipped (adj.) equipping (v.) a piece of equipment / be equipped with defend defence/defense (n.) defensive (adj.) defender (n.) defend against / the defending champion conflict conflicting (adj.) conflicted (adj.) conflicts (n.pl.) a conflict of interest / conflict with balance balanced (adj.) unbalanced (adj.) balancing (v.) keep one's balance / a balanced diet involve involved (adj.) involvement (n.) involving (prep.) involve doing / be involved in inspire inspiration (n.) inspiring (adj.) inspired (adj.) inspire sb. to do / be inspired by champion championship (n.) champions (n.pl.) championed (v.) the world champion / win the championship ultimate ultimately (adv.) ultimatum (n.) --- the ultimate goal / ultimately speaking power powerful (adj.) powerless (adj.) powered (adj.) come to power / have the power to do monitor monitoring (n./v.) monitors (n.pl.) monitored (v.) monitor one's progress / a class monitor a.m. p.m. (abbr.) AM / PM (abbr.) --- at 7 a.m. / 12 a.m. 午夜零点 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2021全国甲卷·语法填空·改编）After spending some time looking at all the defensive ____________ (equip) at the wall, we decided it was time for some action. 2.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空·改编）The GPNP's main ____________ (goals) is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas. 3.（2023全国乙卷·阅读D·改编）The clearest example is perhaps the first ____________ (conflicting) at Botany Bay between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. 4.（2021浙江卷6月·阅读B·改编）Evidence suggests that if children are ____________ (inspiring) up to the age of seven, being outdoors will be a habit for life. 5.（2022浙江卷1月·阅读·改编）The United States rose to global ____________ (powerful) on the strength of its technology. 6.（2026山东济南·模拟）For millions of fans, a local football club can ____________ (representative) the pride of a whole city. 7.（2026广东广州·模拟）Eleven players attack while the other eleven ____________ (defence) their own half for ninety minutes. 8.（2026江苏南京·模拟）Learning to keep your ____________ (balanced) on one leg is the first step of the plank exercise. 9.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）Real training ____________ (involvement) not only the body but also the mind of a young athlete. 10.（2026四川成都·模拟）The young ____________ (championship) thanked her coach for believing in her from the very first day. 11.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）Winning a gold medal is not the ____________ (ultimately) aim of every runner on the track. 12.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）A smart watch can ____________ (monitoring) your heart rate while you are skipping or running. 13.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The coach finally ____________ (persuasion) the injured player to rest for two more weeks. 14.（2026江西南昌·模拟）Free swimming lessons are ____________ (availability) to all students during the summer holiday. 15.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The seat of this exercise bike is ____________ (adjust), so players of any height can use it. 【答案】 1. equipment 2. goal 3. conflict 4. inspired 5. power 6. represent 7. defend 8. balance 9. involves 10. champion 11. ultimate 12. monitor 13. persuaded 14. available 15. adjustable 【逐题解析】 1. equipment — 提示词equip为动词，介词短语中需名词作宾语，equipment不可数无复数。 2. goal — 提示词goals为复数，main修饰单数中心词，谓语is也提示此处必须用单数。 3. conflict — 提示词conflicting为形容词，序数词the first后须接名词，意为"冲突"。 4. inspired — 提示词inspiring需转过去分词，children与inspire是被动关系，构成被动语态。 5. power — 提示词powerful为形容词，介词to后需名词，rise to power为固定搭配。 6. represent — 提示词representative为名词，情态动词can之后必须接动词原形represent。 7. defend — 提示词defence为名词，此处与attack并列作谓语，主语复数故用动词原形。 8. balance — 提示词balanced为形容词，keep one's balance为固定搭配，空处须填名词。 9. involves — 提示词involvement为名词，句中缺谓语，主语training不可数用第三人称单数。 10. champion — 提示词championship意为"锦标赛"，此处指人，young后须接名词champion。 11. ultimate — 提示词ultimately为副词，aim是名词，空处须用形容词作前置定语。 12. monitor — 提示词monitoring为动名词，情态动词can之后只能接动词原形monitor。 13. persuaded — 提示词persuasion为名词，句中缺谓语，finally提示动作已完成用过去式。 14. available — 提示词availability为名词，系动词are之后须用形容词作表语。 15. adjustable — 提示词adjust为动词，系动词is后须用形容词作表语，义为"可调节的"。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 足球不只是一场比赛；对千百万球迷来说，它可以____________（代表）一整种生活方式。你需要的只是一个球、一块平地，再用两堆外套当作____________（球门），所以这项运动几乎不需要什么____________（装备）。 十一人进攻，十一人____________（防守），九十分钟里，两支球队在一场谁也不会受伤的友好____________（冲突）中较量。优秀的球员要学会一边快跑、急转、传球，一边保持____________（平衡）。 训练同样____________（涉及）头脑。一位好教练用几句轻声的话就能____________（激励）一支疲惫的球队，而每一位年轻的____________（冠军）都记得最初有人相信自己的那一刻。 ____________（终极的）奖赏未必是一座奖杯：它也许是双腿酸痛、肺部灼烧时仍能坚持下去的____________（力量）。如今许多球员用一块小手表____________（监测）心率。 【答案】 represent; goal; equipment; defend; conflict; balance; involves; inspire; champion; ultimate; power; monitor Part 7 关联阅读 Every Saturday morning, a small field on the edge of our town turns into the busiest place in the whole neighbourhood. Boys and girls arrive with muddy boots and cheap equipment, and for two hours nothing else in the world seems to matter. Mr Sun, who has run the free football club for eleven years, likes to say that a pitch can represent a small society: on it you learn to share, to wait for your turn, and to accept a result you do not like. His rules are simple. Everybody plays, whatever their level, and nobody sits on the bench for a whole match. Nobody is allowed to shout at a team-mate who has just missed an easy goal. When two children fall into a conflict over a foul, they must sort it out themselves before the game continues, and Mr Sun firmly refuses to act as a judge. “Sport does not build character on its own,” he says. “It only gives you a thousand chances to practise it.” The training itself involves far more than kicking a ball. The children spend ten minutes on a wooden plank every week, learning to hold their balance on one leg; they skip, they stretch, and they are taught how to defend space rather than simply chase whoever happens to have the ball. The older members monitor their own heart rate with a cheap watch and write the numbers in a notebook, so that they can see how much stronger they have grown across a single season. A few of them dream of becoming a champion, and one former member now plays for a professional club in another city. Yet Mr Sun believes the ultimate value of the club lies somewhere else. “Most of these children will never play in front of a crowd,” he says. “What I want is for them to feel the power of doing something difficult together, and to keep moving for the rest of their lives. If a boy still goes running at fifty because of what happened on this muddy field, that will inspire me far more than any trophy on the shelf.” 1. What does Mr Sun compare a football pitch to? A. A small society. B. A busy market. C. A quiet classroom. D. A family kitchen. 2. What are the children expected to do when they argue about a foul? A. Ask Mr Sun to make the decision. B. Settle the matter between themselves. C. Leave the field until they calm down. D. Start the whole match all over again. 3. Why do the older members write their heart rate in a notebook? A. To compare themselves with professional players. B. To help Mr Sun arrange the weekend matches. C. To follow their own progress over a season. D. To decide who should defend and who should attack. 4. What does Mr Sun value most about his club? A. Producing a future national champion. B. Winning the local league every year. C. Teaching perfect ball skills to beginners. D. Building a lifelong habit of keeping moving. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 第1题（细节理解题·高考高频）：首段末句给出明确信号——Mr Sun "likes to say that a pitch can represent a small society"，随后用冒号展开解释：在球场上你学会分享、学会等待轮到自己、学会接受自己不喜欢的结果。这三点正是一个"小社会"的运行规则，与A项A small society完全对应，故选A。B项"热闹的市场"只对应首段"the busiest place"这一表层描述，并非孙老师的比喻；C项"安静的教室"与场上喧闹的氛围恰恰相反；D项"家庭厨房"文中毫无依据，属凭空捏造。 第2题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第二段直接写道：When two children fall into a conflict over a foul, they must sort it out themselves before the game continues，并补充"Mr Sun firmly refuses to act as a judge"（孙老师坚决拒绝充当裁判者）。sort it out themselves与B项Settle the matter between themselves属于典型的同义转换，故选B。A项"请孙老师裁决"与原文refuses to act as a judge直接矛盾；C项"离场冷静"、D项"重新开赛"文中均未提及，属无中生有。 第3题（推理判断题·高考核心）：第三段末句是解题句：The older members monitor their own heart rate with a cheap watch and write the numbers in a notebook, so that they can see how much stronger they have grown across a single season。so that引导目的状语从句，明确记录心率的目的是"看清自己在一个赛季里变强了多少"，即跟踪自身进步，C项To follow their own progress over a season与之吻合，故选C。A项"与职业球员比较"、B项"帮助安排比赛"、D项"决定攻防位置"在文中都找不到对应信息。 第4题（推理判断题·高考压轴）：末段是全文主旨所在。孙老师先承认少数孩子梦想成为champion、有人已进入职业俱乐部，但随即用Yet转折，指出"the ultimate value of the club lies somewhere else"；接着说明大多数孩子永远不会在观众面前踢球，他真正希望的是让孩子们感受到共同完成难事的power，并"keep moving for the rest of their lives"，还说若有男孩五十岁仍在跑步，那比任何奖杯都更让他欣慰。这正是D项"培养终身运动的习惯"，故选D。A项被Yet明确否定；B、C两项文中均未涉及。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：represent, goal, equipment, defend, conflict, balance, involve, inspire, champion, ultimate, power, monitor Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. For many young fans, football can stand for a whole way of daily life. → For many young fans, football can ____________ a whole way of daily life. 2. You really do not need much sports gear to enjoy a game of football. → You really do not need much ____________ to enjoy a game of football. 3. The two teams had a small argument about the decision of the referee. → The two teams had a small ____________ about the decision of the referee. 4. A good coach can encourage a tired team with only a few quiet words. → A good coach can ____________ a tired team with only a few quiet words. 5. Every player must protect his own half of the field very carefully. → Every player must ____________ his own half of the field very carefully. 6. Real training needs both a strong body and a clear, patient mind. → Real training ____________ both a strong body and a clear, patient mind. 7. The final aim of our club is not to win every single match. → The ____________ aim of our club is not to win every single match. 8. A smart watch can check your heart rate while you are running. → A smart watch can ____________ your heart rate while you are running. 9. She became the best player in the whole country last summer. → She became the ____________ of the whole country last summer. 10. You must keep steady on one leg during this simple daily exercise. → You must keep your ____________ on one leg during this simple daily exercise. 11. Nobody can measure the strength of a team that never gives up. → Nobody can measure the ____________ of a team that never gives up. 12. He scored the winning point in the very last minute of the match. → He scored the winning ____________ in the very last minute of the match. 【答案】 1. represent 2. equipment 3. conflict 4. inspire 5. defend 6. involves 7. ultimate 8. monitor 9. champion 10. balance 11. power 12. goal Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：represent → goal → equipment → defend → conflict → balance → involve → inspire → champion → ultimate → power → monitor 复述模板（填空）： 足球对千百万球迷来说可以____________（代表）一整种生活方式；两堆外套就是____________（球门），这项运动几乎不需要什么____________（装备）。 十一人进攻，十一人____________（防守），两队在一场无人受伤的友好____________（冲突）中较量；好球员奔跑、急转时都能保持____________（平衡）。 训练同样____________（涉及）头脑：好教练几句轻声的话就能____________（激励）疲惫的球队，每位年轻的____________（冠军）都记得最初被信任的那一刻。 ____________（终极的）奖赏未必是奖杯，而是双腿酸痛时仍能坚持下去的____________（力量）；如今球员用小手表____________（监测）心率。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：represent; goal; equipment; defend; conflict; balance; involves; inspire; champion; ultimate; power; monitor 复述模板参考版本： Football can represent a whole way of life. All you need is a ball, a flat piece of ground and two piles of coats for a goal, so the sport asks for very little equipment. Eleven players attack, eleven defend, and for ninety minutes the two sides live with a friendly conflict that hurts nobody. Good players keep their balance while running, turning and passing at the same time. Training also involves the mind: a great coach can inspire a tired team with a few quiet words, and every young champion remembers who believed in them first. The ultimate prize is not always a cup; it may be the power to keep going when your legs ache. Many players now monitor their heart rate with a small watch, yet no machine can measure the joy of a goal. 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 专题03【语境串考点】第三单元备考学案（外研版2019） 高考高频知识点：represent / goal / equipment / defend / conflict / balance / involve / inspire / champion / ultimate / power / monitor （知识点来源：必修二 Unit 3 · On the move + 高考高频知识点） 学校:______________ 姓名: ______________ 班级: ______________ 座号: ______________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 3 Part 4 词性变化总表 10 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 11 【练习题】 11 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 11 【练习题】 11 Part 7 关联阅读 12 Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 13 Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 13 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Football is more than a game; for millions of fans it can represent a whole way of life. All you need is a ball, a flat piece of ground and two piles of coats for a goal, so the sport asks for very little equipment. Eleven players attack, eleven defend, and for ninety minutes the two sides live with a friendly conflict that hurts nobody. Good players learn to keep their balance while running fast, turning quickly and passing the ball at the same time. Training also involves the mind. A great coach can inspire a tired team with a few quiet words, and every young champion remembers the moment when someone believed in them first. The ultimate prize is not always a cup: it may be the power to keep going when your legs ache and your lungs burn. Today many players monitor their heart rate with a small watch, yet no machine can measure the joy of a goal scored on a wet Sunday morning. 【中文译文】 足球不只是一场比赛；对千百万球迷来说，它可以代表（represent）一整种生活方式。你需要的只是一个球、一块平地，再用两堆外套当作球门（goal），所以这项运动几乎不需要什么装备（equipment）。十一人进攻，十一人防守（defend），九十分钟里，两支球队在一场谁也不会受伤的友好冲突（conflict）中较量。优秀的球员要学会一边快跑、急转、传球，一边保持平衡（balance）。 训练同样涉及（involve）头脑。一位好教练用几句轻声的话就能激励（inspire）一支疲惫的球队，而每一位年轻的冠军（champion）都记得最初有人相信自己的那一刻。终极（ultimate）的奖赏未必是一座奖杯：它也许是双腿酸痛、肺部灼烧时仍能坚持下去的力量（power）。如今许多球员用一块小手表监测（monitor）心率，但没有哪台机器能测出在一个下雨的周日早晨进球时的喜悦。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：足球代表一种生活方式→两堆外套当球门→几乎不需要装备→十一人进攻十一人防守→无人受伤的友好冲突→奔跑中保持平衡→训练也涉及头脑→教练激励疲惫的球队→年轻冠军记得被信任的那一刻→终极奖赏未必是奖杯→是坚持下去的力量→用手表监测心率 记忆链：represent → goal → equipment → defend → conflict → balance → involve → inspire → champion → ultimate → power → monitor Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + ⚡考点： 1 represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ vt. 代表；象征，表示；描绘；构成，相当于 ⚡考点：represent sb./sth. 代表…；be represented by 由…代表；represent a threat 构成威胁；representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的 2 goal /ɡəʊl/ n. 目标，目的；（球类的）球门；进球，得分 ⚡考点：achieve/reach a goal 实现目标；set a goal 设定目标；score a goal 进一球；辨析 goal/aim/objective/target 3 equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ n. 设备，装备，器材（不可数） ⚡考点：a piece of equipment 一件设备；sports/safety equipment 运动/安全器材；be equipped with 配备有；equip sb. with sth. 4 defend /dɪˈfend/ vt./vi. 保卫，防守；为…辩护；捍卫 ⚡考点：defend sb./sth. against/from 保护…免受…；defend a title 卫冕；the defending champion 卫冕冠军；defence n./defensive adj. 5 conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. /kənˈflɪkt/ v. n. 冲突，矛盾；争执 vi. 抵触，不一致 ⚡考点：名动异读；come into conflict with 与…冲突；a conflict of interest 利益冲突；conflicting adj. 相互矛盾的 6 balance /ˈbæləns/ n. 平衡；均衡；余额 vt. 使平衡；权衡 ⚡考点：keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡；strike a balance between 在…间取得平衡；a balanced diet 均衡饮食；on balance 总的来说 7 involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ vt. 包含，需要；使参与；牵涉 ⚡考点：involve doing sth.（不接不定式）；be/get involved in 参与；involved 作定语=复杂的，作后置定语=有关的；involvement n. 参与 8 inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ vt. 鼓舞，激励；启发；激起（感情） ⚡考点：inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做…；be inspired by 受…启发；inspiring（令人鼓舞的）vs inspired（受鼓舞的）；inspiration n. 灵感 9 champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n. 冠军；捍卫者，拥护者 vt. 支持，捍卫 ⚡考点：the world champion 世界冠军；the defending champion 卫冕冠军；championship n. 锦标赛；冠军称号；champion a cause 支持某事业 10 ultimate /ˈʌltɪmət/ adj. 最终的；根本的；极致的 n. 极品，极致 ⚡考点：the ultimate goal 最终目标；the ultimate cause 根本原因；ultimately adv. 最终，归根结底；辨析 ultimate/final/eventual 11 power /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n. 力量；能力；权力；电力；强国 vt. 为…提供动力 ⚡考点：have the power to do 有能力做；come to power 上台；in power 执政；a world power 世界强国；powerful adj. 12 monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/ vt. 监测，监控；跟踪调查 n. 显示器；班长；监测仪 ⚡考点：monitor one's heart rate/progress 监测心率/进展；closely monitor 密切监控；a class monitor 班长；a computer monitor 显示器 13 a.m.（词表原作 am） /ˌeɪ ˈem/ abbr. 上午，午前（拉丁语 ante meridiem 的缩写） ⚡考点：只置于具体钟点之后 at 7 a.m.；不可与 in the morning 连用；12 a.m. 指午夜零点，12 p.m. 指正午；对应 p.m. 下午 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ vt. 代表；象征，表示；描绘；构成，相当于 【核心考点】 represent是说明文与议论文的高频动词，也是文化、体育类语篇的标志词。四大义项要分清：①代表（某人、某团体），如She was chosen to represent our school（她被选中代表学校）；②象征，表示，如The dove represents peace（鸽子象征和平）；③描绘，表现，如The painting represents a battle scene；④构成，相当于（=be），如This represents a real breakthrough。用法要点：be represented by（由…代表）、represent sb. at a meeting（代表某人出席会议）。派生家族是语法填空高产点：representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的→ a representative of the school（学校代表）、be representative of（是…的典型）；representation n. 代表；表现。辨析：represent（正式，可代表人也可象征物）vs stand for（口语化，多指字母、符号代表）vs on behalf of（介词短语，代表某人行事）。 【词根联想】 re-（再一次，again）+ present（呈现；pre-"在前" + esse"存在"→ 摆在面前）→ 把不在场的人或事再一次摆到面前→ 代表；表现。联想：present（呈现；出席）→ represent（再现→代表）→ representative（代表人；有代表性的）。记住：能"再呈现"出来的人，就是代表。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：represent vt. 构成；相当于（等同于be/constitute）。熟义"代表"之外，represent在正式说明文中常直接表示"是；构成"，如These figures represent a 10% increase（这些数字意味着增长了10%）、Smoking represents a serious threat to health（吸烟构成对健康的严重威胁）。此义抽象、隐蔽，是阅读理解词义猜测题的常客。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"For millions of fans, a football club does not just represent a team; it represents a whole city and the pride of the people living in it."（对千百万球迷来说，一家足球俱乐部代表的不只是一支球队，更代表着一整座城市以及生活在其中的人们的骄傲。）（经典原句·represent 代表；象征） 【搭配词块】 represent sb./sth. 代表… / be represented by 由…代表 / represent a threat 构成威胁 / representative n. 代表 2. goal /ɡəʊl/ n. 目标，目的；（足球等的）球门；进球，得分 【核心考点】 goal既是写作中"目标"类话题的第一名词，又是本单元体育语境的关键词。用法要点：achieve/reach/attain a goal（实现目标）、set a goal for oneself（为自己设定目标）、work towards a goal（朝目标努力）、the goal of doing sth.（做某事的目标）、one's ultimate/long-term/short-term goal（终极/长期/短期目标）。体育义：score a goal（进一球）、keep goal（守门）、a goalkeeper（守门员）。辨析是高考重点：goal（长远的总体目标，需付出努力）vs aim（较具体的目的，常与at连用）vs objective（可衡量的阶段性目标，语体正式）vs purpose（做事的意图与原因）vs target（可量化的指标，如销售指标）。写作金句：Set a clear goal, and every small step will make sense。 【词根联想】 中古英语gol"界限；赛跑终点的标柱"→ 跑到那根柱子就算到达→ 目标；球场上那扇要射进去的"终点"→ 球门。联想：把人生想象成一场比赛，goal既是终点线，也是那扇要攻破的门——目标与球门本是同一个词。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：goal n. 球门；进球，得分。熟义"目标"之外，goal在体育语篇中指"球门"与"进球"，如score the winning goal（攻入制胜一球）、a goal-line（球门线）、keep goal（担任守门员）。高考体育类阅读中，goal几乎全部取此义，考生若只记"目标"极易误读。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空·main goal作主语中心词表"目标"）"The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild."（大熊猫国家公园的主要目标是改善各自独立的大熊猫种群与栖息地之间的连通性，并最终使野生种群数量达到理想水平。）（真题原句·goal 目标） 【搭配词块】 achieve a goal 实现目标 / set a goal 设定目标 / score a goal 进一球 / the ultimate goal 最终目标 3. equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ n. 设备，装备，器材（不可数名词） 【核心考点】 equipment是高考名词题的经典陷阱词：它是不可数名词，没有复数形式，也不能加不定冠词。要说"一件设备"必须用a piece of equipment，"很多设备"用much/a lot of/a great deal of equipment，绝不能说an equipment或equipments。常见搭配：sports equipment（运动器材）、safety/medical/office equipment（安全/医疗/办公设备）、a piece of camping equipment、install/provide equipment（安装/提供设备）。动词原形equip：equip sb./sth. with sth.（为…配备）、be equipped with（配备有）、be well equipped to do sth.（有充分能力做某事）。辨析：equipment（成套器材，总称，不可数）vs tool（手工工具，可数）vs device（小巧装置，可数）vs facility（设施，常用复数facilities）vs instrument（精密仪器；乐器）。 【词根联想】 古法语esquiper"给船配齐船员与物资"（源自古北欧语skip"船"）→ 出海前把船装备停当→ 装备→ 设备。联想：ship（船）→ equip（把船配齐→装备）→ equipment（装备品；设备）。记住：装备原本是给船准备的，一船一船地配，所以不可数。 【真题原句】 （2021·全国甲卷·语法填空·defensive equipment 作介词looking at的宾语）"After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!"（在花了一些时间参观完城墙上所有的防御装备之后，我们觉得该行动起来了——还有什么比骑行在一段历史之上更棒的呢！）（真题原句·equipment 装备；器材） 【搭配词块】 a piece of equipment 一件设备 / sports equipment 运动器材 / be equipped with 配备有 / equip sb. with 为…配备 4. defend /dɪˈfend/ vt./vi. 保卫，防守；为…辩护；捍卫（权利、观点） 【核心考点】 defend是体育、法律与议论文三类语篇的共用高频词。三大用法：①保卫，防守——defend sb./sth. against/from sth.（保护…免受…的侵害），如defend the country against invasion；体育中defend the goal（守门）、defend space（防守空间）；②为…辩护——defend oneself（为自己辩解）、defend sb. in court（在法庭上为某人辩护）、defend one's decision（为自己的决定辩护）；③卫冕——defend a title/one's crown（卫冕），由此产生本单元黄金搭配the defending champion（卫冕冠军）。派生家族：defence（英）/ defense（美）n. 防守；辩护→ in defence of（为了保卫）、come to sb.'s defence（为某人辩护）；defensive adj. 防守的；戒备的；defender n. 后卫；捍卫者。辨析：defend（主动抵御来袭的攻击）vs protect（使免受伤害，范围最广）vs guard（看守、守卫，强调警戒）vs safeguard（保障，语体正式）。 【词根联想】 de-（向下，去掉，away）+ fend（拉丁语fendere"击打"）→ 把打过来的攻击击退→ 防守；辩护。联想：fend"打"→ offend（冒犯→朝对方打过去）、defend（防守→把攻击打回去）、fence（栅栏→挡住外来者的防御物）、fencing（击剑）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：defend vt. 为…辩护；辩解。熟义"防守"之外，defend在法律与议论文语境中表示"用言辞为某人或某观点辩护"，如The lawyer defended him in court（律师在法庭上为他辩护）、He defended his view with facts（他用事实为自己的观点辩护）。此义在议论文与新闻报道中出现频率极高。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A good team knows how to defend space instead of simply running after whoever has the ball."（一支优秀的球队懂得防守空间，而不是一味追着控球的人跑。）（经典原句·defend 防守；保卫） 【搭配词块】 defend sb. against 保护…免受 / defend a title 卫冕 / the defending champion 卫冕冠军 / defensive adj. 防守的 5. conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. /kənˈflɪkt/ v. n. 冲突，矛盾；争执；战斗 vi. 抵触，不一致 【核心考点】 conflict最典型的高考考点是"名动异读"：作名词时重音在第一音节/ˈkɒnflɪkt/，作动词时重音后移到第二音节/kənˈflɪkt/，与record、increase、present同属一类，是听力与语音题的常客。名词搭配：come into conflict with（与…发生冲突）、be in conflict with（与…相矛盾）、a conflict of interest（利益冲突）、resolve/settle a conflict（化解冲突）、armed conflict（武装冲突）。动词搭配：conflict with（与…相抵触），如His account conflicts with hers。派生词：conflicting adj. 相互矛盾的→ conflicting views/evidence/reports（相互矛盾的观点/证据/报道），是阅读理解常考形容词。辨析：conflict（观点、利益或人群之间的对立，可大可小）vs quarrel（口角，多为私人的争吵）vs argument（就某事展开的争论）vs dispute（争端，多为正式的纠纷）vs war（战争）。 【词根联想】 con-（共同，一起，together）+ flict（拉丁语fligere"击打"）→ 双方互相击打→ 冲突。联想：flict/flig"打"→ conflict（冲突→互相打）、afflict（折磨→打向某人）、inflict（把打击强加于人）。记住：con"一起" + flict"打"，一起打起来了，就是冲突。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：conflict vi. 抵触，不一致（重音后移）。熟义名词"冲突"之外，conflict作不及物动词表示"（信息、说法、时间安排）相互矛盾、有冲突"，如The two reports conflict with each other（两份报告相互矛盾）、The dates conflict（日期撞车了）。此义在说明文的论证段与日程安排类应用文中高频出现。 【真题原句】 （2023·全国乙卷·阅读D·名词作the first的中心词，词义"冲突"）"The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals."（有文字记载的历史与无文字记载的历史之间，最清晰的例证也许就是植物学湾上库克船长的航行队与澳大利亚原住民之间的第一次冲突。）（真题原句·conflict 冲突） 【搭配词块】 come into conflict with 与…冲突 / a conflict of interest 利益冲突 / resolve a conflict 化解冲突 / conflicting adj. 矛盾的 6. balance /ˈbæləns/ n. 平衡；均衡；（银行账户）余额 vt./vi. 使平衡；权衡 【核心考点】 balance在运动健康、时间管理与议论文写作三大话题中都属必备词。名词搭配（最常考）：keep/lose one's balance（保持/失去平衡）、strike/find/achieve a balance between A and B（在A与B之间取得平衡）、the balance of nature（自然界的平衡）、on balance（总的来说，作插入语）、in the balance（悬而未决）。动词搭配：balance A against B（权衡A与B）、balance work and rest（平衡工作与休息）、balance on one leg（单腿站稳）。派生词：balanced adj. 均衡的→ a balanced diet（均衡饮食）、a balanced view（客观公允的看法）；unbalanced adj. 不平衡的；失衡的。写作金句：Only by striking a balance between study and exercise can we stay healthy。 【词根联想】 拉丁语bilanx = bi-（二）+ lanx（秤盘）→ 有两个托盘的天平→ 两端相等→ 平衡。联想：bi"二"→ bicycle（自行车→两个轮）、bilingual（双语的）、binoculars（双筒望远镜）、balance（双盘天平→平衡）。记住：天平两盘一样重，就是balance。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：balance n. 余额；差额；结余。熟义"平衡"之外，balance在银行、账单与经济类语篇中表示"账户余额、收支差额"，如check your account balance（查询账户余额）、the balance of payments（国际收支差额）、pay the balance（付清余款）。此义在应用文与图表类说明文中十分常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Learning to keep your balance on one leg is the very first step of every plank and core exercise."（学会单腿站稳，是每一项平板支撑与核心训练的第一步。）（经典原句·balance 平衡） 【搭配词块】 keep one's balance 保持平衡 / strike a balance between 在…间取得平衡 / a balanced diet 均衡饮食 / on balance 总的来说 7. involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ vt. 包含，需要；使参与；牵涉，涉及 【核心考点】 involve是高考语法填空与阅读的双高频动词。三大用法：①包含，需要——involve doing sth.（后接动名词，绝不能接不定式，这是高考经典易错点），如The job involves working at weekends；②使参与——involve sb. in sth.（让某人参与…），被动式be/get involved in（参与其中；卷入），如get involved in a project；③牵涉，与…有关——be involved with（与…有牵连）。派生词与位置考点：involvement n. 参与；牵连；involved adj. 有两个含义且由位置决定——作前置定语时表示"复杂的"（an involved explanation 一段复杂的解释），作后置定语时表示"有关的、参与其中的"（the people involved 相关人员、the risks involved 所涉及的风险），这一"位置定含义"的规律是高考精细考点。辨析：involve（客观上必然包含或牵涉）vs include（包括在整体之内）vs contain（内部装有）vs concern（与…有关，涉及）。 【词根联想】 in-（向内，into）+ volv（拉丁语volvere"卷，转"）→ 把某人某事卷进来→ 牵涉；包含。联想：volv/volu"卷"→ revolve（旋转→反复卷）、evolve（进化→卷展开来）、volume（卷册；音量）、involve（卷入）。记住：被"卷"进去了，就是involved。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：involved adj. 复杂的（作前置定语）；有关的（作后置定语）。同一个词形，位置一变含义就变：an involved problem 指"一道复杂难缠的题"，而the students involved 指"相关的那些学生"。高考语法填空与阅读常在此处设卡，须靠位置判断。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Real training involves far more than kicking a ball around a muddy field for an hour."（真正的训练远不只是在泥泞的场地上踢一小时球那么简单。）（经典原句·involve 包含；需要） 【搭配词块】 involve doing sth. 需要做… / be involved in 参与 / the people involved 相关人员 / involvement n. 参与 8. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ vt. 鼓舞，激励；启发；激起（某种感情） 【核心考点】 inspire是人物类阅读、读后续写与应用文写作的高分动词。三大用法：①激励——inspire sb. to do sth.（激励某人去做某事），如His story inspired me to keep running；②启发——be inspired by（受…启发），如The design was inspired by nature；③激起（感情）——inspire confidence/hope/respect in sb. = inspire sb. with confidence（使某人产生信心/希望/敬意）。派生家族是语法填空高产点，务必分清：inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的（修饰事物，an inspiring speech）vs inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；有灵感的（修饰人，an inspired player）；inspiration n. ①灵感（a source of inspiration）②鼓舞人心的人或事（She is an inspiration to us all）。辨析：inspire（从内心点燃热情，偏精神层面）vs encourage（鼓励，给人勇气去做）vs motivate（激发动机，强调驱动力）vs stimulate（刺激，多用于兴趣、经济、思维）。 【词根联想】 in-（进入，into）+ spir（拉丁语spirare"呼吸"）+ -e→ 把一口气吹进某人体内→ 注入灵气与热情→ 鼓舞；启发。联想：spir"呼吸"→ spirit（精神→气息）、respire（呼吸）、expire（期满→呼出最后一口气）、aspire（渴望→朝着某处呼吸）、conspire（密谋→一起呼吸）、inspire（吸入灵感→鼓舞）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：inspire vt. 激起，引起（某种感情）。熟义"鼓舞"之外，inspire可表示"使人产生某种情绪或反应"，如The coach's calm inspired confidence in the whole team（教练的镇定让全队信心大增）、The old house inspired fear in the children。这一"引起感情"的用法在记叙文与人物特写中反复出现。 【真题原句】 （2021·浙江卷6月·阅读B·被动语态if children are inspired 作条件状语从句）"There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life."（有大量非常有意思的证据似乎表明：如果孩子在七岁之前受到激励，那么走到户外就会成为他们一生的习惯。）（真题原句·inspire 激励；鼓舞） 【搭配词块】 inspire sb. to do 激励某人做 / be inspired by 受…启发 / inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 / inspiration n. 灵感 9. champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n. 冠军；捍卫者，拥护者 vt. 支持，捍卫 【核心考点】 champion是体育类语篇的标志名词，也是本单元On the move的核心词。名词搭配：the world/Olympic champion（世界/奥运冠军）、the defending champion（卫冕冠军，高考体育报道高频）、a former champion（前任冠军）、become a champion（成为冠军）。抽象义：a champion of human rights/the poor（人权/穷人的捍卫者）。动词义：champion a cause/an idea（支持、捍卫某项事业或主张），语体较正式。派生词：championship n. ①锦标赛（win the championship 夺得锦标赛冠军）②冠军称号、冠军地位。辨析必须分清：champion（获得冠军头衔的人或队）vs winner（某场比赛的获胜者，范围更小）vs championship（比赛本身或冠军头衔）vs runner-up（亚军）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语campus"平地；战场"→ 中古法语champion"在战场上替他人出战的斗士"→ 决斗中胜出的人→ 冠军；替他人而战→ 捍卫者。联想：camp（营地）、campus（校园→原义"平地"）、campaign（战役；运动→在战场上展开的行动）、champion（战场上的胜者→冠军；为他人而战者→捍卫者）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：champion n. 捍卫者，拥护者 vt. 支持，捍卫。熟义"冠军"之外，champion指"为某项事业或某个群体奋力发声的人"，如a champion of women's education（女性教育的捍卫者）；作动词时表示"支持、力挺"，如She has long championed the rights of migrant workers。此义在人物类阅读与议论文中常考。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Every young champion still remembers the very first person who believed in her before anyone else did."（每一位年轻的冠军，都还记得在所有人之前第一个相信她的那个人。）（经典原句·champion 冠军） 【搭配词块】 the world champion 世界冠军 / the defending champion 卫冕冠军 / championship n. 锦标赛 / champion a cause 支持某事业 10. ultimate /ˈʌltɪmət/ adj. 最终的，最后的；根本的；极致的 n. 极品，极致 【核心考点】 ultimate是议论文与说明文的高分形容词，用来收束全文、点明终极意义。搭配要点：the ultimate goal/aim/objective（最终目标）、the ultimate cause/reason（根本原因）、the ultimate decision（最终决定）、the ultimate test（终极考验）、the ultimate in comfort/luxury（舒适/奢华的极致，此处ultimate为名词）。副词ultimately adv. 最终；归根结底，是写作中替换finally与in the end的高分词，常置于句首作评注性状语：Ultimately, success depends on how you deal with failure。辨析是高考重点：ultimate（最终且最重要、最根本的，含"无可超越"之意）vs final（顺序上最后的一个，如the final round）vs eventual（经过一系列过程后最终出现的，如the eventual winner）vs last（时间或顺序上的最后一个，也可指"上一个"）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语ultimus"最远的、最后的"（介词ultra"超越，在…之外"的最高级）→ 走到再也不能往前走的那一步→ 最终的；极致的。联想：ultra-"超越"→ ultraviolet（紫外线→超出紫色）、ultrasound（超声波）、ultramodern（超现代的）、ultimate（走到尽头的→最终的）、ultimately（最终）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：ultimate n. 极致，极品，顶峰。熟义形容词"最终的"之外，the ultimate in sth. 作名词短语表示"某方面的极致"，如This car is the ultimate in comfort（这款车是舒适性的极致）、the ultimate in modern design。此名词义常见于广告、产品介绍与旅游宣传类应用文。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The ultimate prize of sport is not a golden cup, but the habit of never giving up too early."（体育运动的终极奖赏不是一座金杯，而是永不过早放弃的习惯。）（经典原句·ultimate 最终的；终极的） 【搭配词块】 the ultimate goal 最终目标 / the ultimate cause 根本原因 / ultimately adv. 最终 / the ultimate in 极致的… 11. power /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n. 力量；能力；权力；电力；强国 vt. 为…提供动力 【核心考点】 power是英语中语义最宽的名词之一，五大义项在高考中轮番出现：①力量、体力（the power of the human body）；②能力（have the power to do sth. 有能力做某事，do everything in one's power 竭尽全力）；③权力（come to power 上台执政，注意无冠词；be in power 执政中；take power 掌权）；④电力（a power cut 停电、a power station 发电站、solar power 太阳能）；⑤强国（a world power 世界强国、the great powers 列强）。其他搭配：beyond/within one's power（力所不及/力所能及）、the power of example（榜样的力量）。派生词：powerful adj. 强大的；powerless adj. 无能为力的；powered by 由…驱动。辨析：power（最宽泛，体力、能力、权力皆可）vs strength（体力或强度，可测量）vs force（外加的力，也指武力）vs energy（精力；能源）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语posse"能够"（potis"有能力的" + esse"是"）→ 古法语poeir"能力"→ 英语power。联想：pot/poss"能"→ possible（可能的）、potential（潜在的；潜力）、potent（有效力的）、omnipotent（全能的）、power（能力→力量→权力）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：power n. 强国；电力。熟义"力量"之外，power在国际政治语篇中指"强国、大国"，a world power / an economic power（世界强国／经济强国）；在科技与生活语篇中指"电力、电源"，a power cut（停电）、turn off the power（断电）。两义均为高考阅读的隐蔽考点。 【真题原句】 （2022·浙江卷1月·阅读理解·rose to global power 中 power 取"强国地位"义）"The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology."（美国正是凭借其技术实力崛起为全球强国。）（真题原句·power 强国地位；力量） 【搭配词块】 have the power to do 有能力做 / come to power 上台执政 / a world power 世界强国 / powerful adj. 强大的 12. monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/ vt. 监测，监控；跟踪调查 n. 显示器；班长；监测仪 【核心考点】 monitor是科技、健康与环境类说明文的高频动词，近年在高考阅读中出现率显著上升。动词搭配：monitor one's heart rate/blood pressure/weight（监测心率/血压/体重）、monitor the progress of（跟踪…的进展）、monitor the situation closely（密切关注局势）、be closely monitored（受到密切监测）。名词义有三：①显示器（a computer monitor）；②班长、级长（a class monitor）；③监测仪（a heart monitor 心率监测仪、a baby monitor 婴儿监听器）。派生词：monitoring n./adj. 监测（的）。辨析：monitor（长期、系统地跟踪观察以掌握变化，常借助仪器）vs observe（观察，侧重看并记录）vs supervise（监督人的工作、行为）vs watch（看着，最普通）vs check（检查一次，不强调持续）。 【词根联想】 拉丁语monere"提醒，警告"+ -or（表施动者）→ 会提醒你的人或装置→ 班长（提醒同学守纪律的人）；监视器（提醒你数据变化的装置）。联想：mon"提醒"→ monument（纪念碑→提醒后人）、monitor（提醒者→班长；监视器）、admonish（告诫）、summon（召唤→叫来提醒）、premonition（预感）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：monitor n. 班长；显示器。熟义动词"监测"之外，monitor作名词在校园语境中指"班长、级长"，如He was elected class monitor（他被选为班长）；在科技语境中指"显示屏、监视器"，如a 27-inch computer monitor。同一个词从校园跨到实验室，都保留着"随时提醒"的本义。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Many young players now monitor their heart rate with a cheap watch after every single training session."（如今许多年轻球员在每一次训练之后，都会用一块廉价的手表监测自己的心率。）（经典原句·monitor 监测；监控） 【搭配词块】 monitor one's progress 监测进展 / closely monitor 密切监控 / a heart monitor 心率仪 / a class monitor 班长 13. a.m. /ˌeɪ ˈem/ abbr. 上午，午前（词表原列 am，实为 a.m. 的无点写法） 【核心考点】 本单元词表末位的"am"并非系动词，而是时间缩写a.m.（部分教材印作am/AM），义为"上午、午前"，属普通词汇，故不列入本专题核心目标词。用法要点：①a.m.只能放在具体钟点之后——at 7 a.m.（上午七点），不能说7 o'clock a.m.，也不能与in the morning重复连用（× at 7 a.m. in the morning）；②与p.m.（post meridiem 午后）配对使用；③陷阱在12点：12 a.m. 指午夜零点（midnight），12 p.m. 指正午（noon），听力与应用文中常据此设题，稳妥写法是直接写midnight/noon；④书写形式可为a.m. / am / A.M. / AM，同一篇内须统一，英式多用小写加点，美式常用小写不加点。本单元Developing ideas的健身计划表中，作息时间即以a.m./p.m.标注。 【词根联想】 ante-（在…之前，before）+ meridiem（拉丁语meridies"正午"= medius"中间的" + dies"日"）→ 一天正中间之前→ 上午。联想：ante-"前"→ anteroom（前厅）、antecedent（前情；先行词）；medi-"中"→ medium（中间的）、Mediterranean（地中海→大地中间的海）；di/dies"日"→ diary（日记）、daily（每日的）。p.m. 则是post（在…之后）+ meridiem。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Our morning run starts at 6.30 a.m., long before the streets around the stadium get busy."（我们的晨跑在上午六点半开始，那时体育场周围的街道还远未热闹起来。）（经典原句·a.m. 上午；午前） 【搭配词块】 at 7 a.m. 上午7点 / 12 a.m. 午夜零点 / a.m. ↔ p.m. 上午↔下午 / ante meridiem 午前 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 represent representative (n./adj.) representation (n.) represented (v.) represent sb. / a representative of goal goals (n.pl.) goalkeeper (n.) goalless (adj.) achieve a goal / score a goal equipment equip (v.) equipped (adj.) equipping (v.) a piece of equipment / be equipped with defend defence/defense (n.) defensive (adj.) defender (n.) defend against / the defending champion conflict conflicting (adj.) conflicted (adj.) conflicts (n.pl.) a conflict of interest / conflict with balance balanced (adj.) unbalanced (adj.) balancing (v.) keep one's balance / a balanced diet involve involved (adj.) involvement (n.) involving (prep.) involve doing / be involved in inspire inspiration (n.) inspiring (adj.) inspired (adj.) inspire sb. to do / be inspired by champion championship (n.) champions (n.pl.) championed (v.) the world champion / win the championship ultimate ultimately (adv.) ultimatum (n.) --- the ultimate goal / ultimately speaking power powerful (adj.) powerless (adj.) powered (adj.) come to power / have the power to do monitor monitoring (n./v.) monitors (n.pl.) monitored (v.) monitor one's progress / a class monitor a.m. p.m. (abbr.) AM / PM (abbr.) --- at 7 a.m. / 12 a.m. 午夜零点 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2021全国甲卷·语法填空·改编）After spending some time looking at all the defensive ____________ (equip) at the wall, we decided it was time for some action. 2.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空·改编）The GPNP's main ____________ (goals) is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas. 3.（2023全国乙卷·阅读D·改编）The clearest example is perhaps the first ____________ (conflicting) at Botany Bay between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. 4.（2021浙江卷6月·阅读B·改编）Evidence suggests that if children are ____________ (inspiring) up to the age of seven, being outdoors will be a habit for life. 5.（2022浙江卷1月·阅读·改编）The United States rose to global ____________ (powerful) on the strength of its technology. 6.（2026山东济南·模拟）For millions of fans, a local football club can ____________ (representative) the pride of a whole city. 7.（2026广东广州·模拟）Eleven players attack while the other eleven ____________ (defence) their own half for ninety minutes. 8.（2026江苏南京·模拟）Learning to keep your ____________ (balanced) on one leg is the first step of the plank exercise. 9.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）Real training ____________ (involvement) not only the body but also the mind of a young athlete. 10.（2026四川成都·模拟）The young ____________ (championship) thanked her coach for believing in her from the very first day. 11.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）Winning a gold medal is not the ____________ (ultimately) aim of every runner on the track. 12.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）A smart watch can ____________ (monitoring) your heart rate while you are skipping or running. 13.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The coach finally ____________ (persuasion) the injured player to rest for two more weeks. 14.（2026江西南昌·模拟）Free swimming lessons are ____________ (availability) to all students during the summer holiday. 15.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The seat of this exercise bike is ____________ (adjust), so players of any height can use it. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 足球不只是一场比赛；对千百万球迷来说，它可以____________（代表）一整种生活方式。你需要的只是一个球、一块平地，再用两堆外套当作____________（球门），所以这项运动几乎不需要什么____________（装备）。 十一人进攻，十一人____________（防守），九十分钟里，两支球队在一场谁也不会受伤的友好____________（冲突）中较量。优秀的球员要学会一边快跑、急转、传球，一边保持____________（平衡）。 训练同样____________（涉及）头脑。一位好教练用几句轻声的话就能____________（激励）一支疲惫的球队，而每一位年轻的____________（冠军）都记得最初有人相信自己的那一刻。 ____________（终极的）奖赏未必是一座奖杯：它也许是双腿酸痛、肺部灼烧时仍能坚持下去的____________（力量）。如今许多球员用一块小手表____________（监测）心率。 Part 7 关联阅读 Every Saturday morning, a small field on the edge of our town turns into the busiest place in the whole neighbourhood. Boys and girls arrive with muddy boots and cheap equipment, and for two hours nothing else in the world seems to matter. Mr Sun, who has run the free football club for eleven years, likes to say that a pitch can represent a small society: on it you learn to share, to wait for your turn, and to accept a result you do not like. His rules are simple. Everybody plays, whatever their level, and nobody sits on the bench for a whole match. Nobody is allowed to shout at a team-mate who has just missed an easy goal. When two children fall into a conflict over a foul, they must sort it out themselves before the game continues, and Mr Sun firmly refuses to act as a judge. “Sport does not build character on its own,” he says. “It only gives you a thousand chances to practise it.” The training itself involves far more than kicking a ball. The children spend ten minutes on a wooden plank every week, learning to hold their balance on one leg; they skip, they stretch, and they are taught how to defend space rather than simply chase whoever happens to have the ball. The older members monitor their own heart rate with a cheap watch and write the numbers in a notebook, so that they can see how much stronger they have grown across a single season. A few of them dream of becoming a champion, and one former member now plays for a professional club in another city. Yet Mr Sun believes the ultimate value of the club lies somewhere else. “Most of these children will never play in front of a crowd,” he says. “What I want is for them to feel the power of doing something difficult together, and to keep moving for the rest of their lives. If a boy still goes running at fifty because of what happened on this muddy field, that will inspire me far more than any trophy on the shelf.” 1. What does Mr Sun compare a football pitch to? A. A small society. B. A busy market. C. A quiet classroom. D. A family kitchen. 2. What are the children expected to do when they argue about a foul? A. Ask Mr Sun to make the decision. B. Settle the matter between themselves. C. Leave the field until they calm down. D. Start the whole match all over again. 3. Why do the older members write their heart rate in a notebook? A. To compare themselves with professional players. B. To help Mr Sun arrange the weekend matches. C. To follow their own progress over a season. D. To decide who should defend and who should attack. 4. What does Mr Sun value most about his club? A. Producing a future national champion. B. Winning the local league every year. C. Teaching perfect ball skills to beginners. D. Building a lifelong habit of keeping moving. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：represent, goal, equipment, defend, conflict, balance, involve, inspire, champion, ultimate, power, monitor Part 8 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达 1. For many young fans, football can stand for a whole way of daily life. → For many young fans, football can ____________ a whole way of daily life. 2. You really do not need much sports gear to enjoy a game of football. → You really do not need much ____________ to enjoy a game of football. 3. The two teams had a small argument about the decision of the referee. → The two teams had a small ____________ about the decision of the referee. 4. A good coach can encourage a tired team with only a few quiet words. → A good coach can ____________ a tired team with only a few quiet words. 5. Every player must protect his own half of the field very carefully. → Every player must ____________ his own half of the field very carefully. 6. Real training needs both a strong body and a clear, patient mind. → Real training ____________ both a strong body and a clear, patient mind. 7. The final aim of our club is not to win every single match. → The ____________ aim of our club is not to win every single match. 8. A smart watch can check your heart rate while you are running. → A smart watch can ____________ your heart rate while you are running. 9. She became the best player in the whole country last summer. → She became the ____________ of the whole country last summer. 10. You must keep steady on one leg during this simple daily exercise. → You must keep your ____________ on one leg during this simple daily exercise. 11. Nobody can measure the strength of a team that never gives up. → Nobody can measure the ____________ of a team that never gives up. 12. He scored the winning point in the very last minute of the match. → He scored the winning ____________ in the very last minute of the match. Part 9 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：represent → goal → equipment → defend → conflict → balance → involve → inspire → champion → ultimate → power → monitor 复述模板（填空）： 足球对千百万球迷来说可以____________（代表）一整种生活方式；两堆外套就是____________（球门），这项运动几乎不需要什么____________（装备）。 十一人进攻，十一人____________（防守），两队在一场无人受伤的友好____________（冲突）中较量；好球员奔跑、急转时都能保持____________（平衡）。 训练同样____________（涉及）头脑：好教练几句轻声的话就能____________（激励）疲惫的球队，每位年轻的____________（冠军）都记得最初被信任的那一刻。 ____________（终极的）奖赏未必是奖杯，而是双腿酸痛时仍能坚持下去的____________（力量）；如今球员用小手表____________（监测）心率。 你的复述： __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $