Unit 6 Section A 3a—3c 基础+能力分层练 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

**基本信息** 本同步练习以“夯实基础+能力提升”分层设计为核心，通过词汇句型基础训练到语篇综合应用，构建从单一知识到跨情境运用的巩固路径，适配新授课语言能力培养与思维品质发展需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |夯实基础|核心词汇（orbit, resource等）、重点句型（In other words等）|选词填空（5题）、完成句子（5题），聚焦基础语言知识的准确运用，强化语言能力基础| |能力提升|语篇理解、逻辑推断、跨情境应用|完形填空（太空饮食）、阅读理解（太空垃圾）、阅读还原（火星殖民），通过真实科学情境语篇提升综合语言运用能力，渗透思维品质与文化意识培养|

Unit 6 Section A 3a—3c 2026-2027学年九年级上册人教版基础+能力分层练 夯实基础 Ⅰ. 从方框中选出合适的词并用其适当形式填空 orbit discover resource endless absent 1. Scientists believe that there are rich mineral ______ on the Moon waiting to be used in the future. 2. The International Space Station ______ the Earth once every 90 minutes at a speed of about 28,000 km/h. 3. Because of the ______ darkness in deep space, astronauts sometimes feel lonely during long missions. 4. The boy was ______ from school yesterday because he watched the rocket launch live online until midnight. 5. With the help of the new telescope, astronomers ______ three new planets similar to Earth last month. Ⅱ. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词 6. 换句话说，太空探索不仅能帮助我们了解宇宙，还能推动科技发展。 ______ ______ ______, space exploration can not only help us understand the universe but also drive technological progress. 7. 如果没有重力，我们在空间站里甚至连一杯水都倒不了。 ______ ______, we can’t even pour a glass of water in the space station. 8. 万一发生紧急情况，宇航员必须立刻返回登陆舱。 ______ ______, astronauts must return to the landing module immediately. 9. 这个机器人被设计出来是为了代替人类执行危险的太空任务。 This robot is designed to ______ ______ ______ ______humans to carry out dangerous space missions. 10. 随着科技的发展，普通人也能够负担得起太空旅行的费用。 With the development of technology, ordinary people can also ______ ______ space travel. 能力提升 Ⅲ. 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。 What is it like to eat in space? For astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS), mealtime is quite different from that on Earth. There is no fridge, so fresh food goes bad quickly. Most space food is 11______ dried or canned. Astronauts add water to dried food before eating, and canned food is heated in a special oven. But why can’t astronauts eat normally? The main reason is microgravity (微重力). On Earth, gravity keeps food on the plate and drinks in the cup. In space, however, everything floats! If you open a bag of cookies, the cookies will fly out and bump into equipment or get into astronauts’ eyes. Even a drop of water can float around and damage the 12______ inside the space station. To solve this problem, space food is specially packaged. Drinks come in sealed (密封的) pouches with straws (吸管). Once you stick the straw in, you must close the clip (夹子) on it 13______ the liquid floats away. Solid food like nuts or biscuits is coated with a thin layer of oil or honey to make crumbs (碎屑) sticky and prevent them from floating. Despite these challenges, astronauts still enjoy their meals. They often say eating in space feels like having a picnic 14______ you’re tied to your seat! Food tastes a little different too—because of microgravity, body fluids (体液) move to the upper body, causing astronauts’ noses to get stuffy (堵塞的). This affects their sense of 15______ , so spicy food is popular in space to add more flavor. Food is also important for mental health. On long missions, astronauts miss Earth food badly. Sometimes, their families send care packages with favorite snacks. These small treats remind them of home and make the 16______ space journey more bearable. In the future, space farms may provide fresh food for astronauts. Scientists are testing how to grow vegetables like lettuce and tomatoes in space. Growing food in space is not just about nutrition—it’s about making space feel a little more like 17______ . Imagine picking a fresh tomato in orbit—what a wonderful experience! Space food has improved a lot since the early days of space exploration. Back then, astronauts ate tasteless paste (糊状物) squeezed (挤) from tubes. Today, they can enjoy shrimp cocktails, chicken soup, and even ice cream. These changes show how technology makes space life more 18______and comfortable. As we plan longer trips to Mars and beyond, food will remain a key part of space travel. After all, a happy astronaut is a well-fed astronaut! The next time you sit down to a nice meal, remember—eating in space is not just about filling your stomach; it’s about staying healthy, happy, and connected to 19______ while exploring the unknown. And who knows? Maybe one day, you’ll be the one tasting a freshly grown space tomato 20______ the stars. 11. A. either B. neither C. both 12. A. computers B. vegetables C. clothes 13. A. so that B. as soon as C. as long as 14. A. if B. unless C. though 15. A. humor B. smell C. direction 16. A. short B. long C. quick 17. A. home B. school C. office 18. A. boring B. enjoyable C. difficult 19. A. Earth B. Mars C. the Sun 20. A. for B. under C. between Ⅳ. 阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Space Junk: A Growing Problem Look up at the night sky, and you might see stars, planets, and maybe even the International Space Station. But what you can’t see is the millions of pieces of space junk orbiting Earth—broken satellites, leftover rocket parts, and tiny bits of paint from old spacecraft. Space junk moves incredibly fast—up to 28,000 km/h! At this speed, even a small piece the size of a marble can damage a satellite or spacecraft. In 2009, a dead Russian satellite crashed into an active U.S. satellite, creating thousands of new pieces of debris (碎片). In 2021, the ISS had to move out of the way to avoid hitting a piece of old rocket. Why is space junk a problem? First, it threatens (威胁) astronauts and spacecraft. A tiny piece of debris could puncture (刺穿) a spacesuit or damage the ISS’s solar panels. Second, as more junk builds up, it increases the risk of collisions (碰撞), which create even more debris—a chain reaction called the “Kessler Syndrome.” If this happens, some orbits could become too dangerous for spacecraft, blocking future space exploration. Countries and companies are working to solve this problem. Some new satellites are designed to burn up completely in Earth’s atmosphere when they stop working. Others have small thrusters (推进器) to move them into “graveyard orbits” (坟场轨道)—areas far from active satellites—at the end of their lives. Scientists are also testing ways to “clean up” space junk, such as using nets, harpoons, or lasers to capture and remove debris. But preventing new junk is just as important. International rules now require satellites to deorbit (离轨) within 25 years of finishing their missions. Companies like SpaceX are designing reusable rockets to reduce leftover parts. Space belongs to everyone, and keeping it clean is a shared responsibility. As we explore further into the universe, solving the space junk problem will be key to safe and sustainable (可持续的) space travel. 21. How fast can space junk move according to the passage? A. Up to 2,800 km/h. B. Up to 28,000 km/h. C. Up to 280,000 km/h. 22. What happened in 2009 according to the passage? A. The ISS moved to avoid space junk. B. A Russian satellite crashed into a U.S. satellite. C. Scientists tested a space junk cleanup method. 23. What is the “Kessler Syndrome”? A. A rule for satellite deorbiting. B. A chain reaction of space debris collisions. C. A type of reusable rocket. 24. Which of the following is a way to clean up space junk mentioned in the passage? A. Using nets or lasers. B. Building more graveyard orbits. C. Making satellites larger. 25. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The history of space exploration. B. The dangers and solutions of space junk. C. How to become an astronaut. Ⅴ. 阅读还原（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读短文，从下面所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。 Have you ever dreamed of living on Mars? For years, scientists thought it was impossible. But now, with advances in technology, Mars colonization (殖民) is becoming a hot topic. 26______ First, Mars is the most Earth-like planet in our solar system. It has days about the same length as Earth’s (24.6 hours), and its surface has water ice. 27______ For example, its atmosphere is very thin—too thin to breathe—and temperatures can drop to -140°C at night. To live on Mars, we need to solve many problems. One big challenge is radiation. Mars has no global magnetic field (磁场) to protect against harmful solar radiation. 28______ Another problem is food. Astronauts can’t rely on supplies from Earth forever, so they need to grow food on Mars. Scientists are testing crops like potatoes and beans in Mars-like soil to see if they can survive. Housing is also important. Early Mars settlers might live in underground habitats to avoid radiation and extreme temperatures. Later, we could build domes (穹顶) with thick walls filled with Martian soil for protection. 29______ Despite these challenges, many people are excited about Mars colonization. Elon Musk’s SpaceX plans to send humans to Mars by the 2030s. Some volunteers have even joined “Mars simulation (模拟)” projects on Earth, living in Mars-like environments for months to test survival skills. 30______ As we learn more about Mars and develop new technologies, living on the Red Planet may change from science fiction to reality. Whether you’ll be one of the first Martians is up to you! A. These domes could have greenhouses for growing food and parks for recreation. B. These make it possible to support human life, though there are still big challenges. C. However, Mars is not a friendly place for humans. D. So habitats need thick walls or underground locations to keep settlers safe. E. In fact, some scientists believe we will find alien life on Mars in 10 years. F. Colonizing Mars is not easy, but it’s a goal worth working toward. 【参考答案】 Ⅰ. 选词填空 1. resources 2. orbits 3. endless 4. absent 5. discovered Ⅱ. 完成句子 6. In other words 7. Without gravity 8. In case 9. take the place of 10. afford to Ⅲ. 完形填空 11. A 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. B Ⅳ. 阅读理解 21. B 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. B Ⅴ. 阅读还原 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. F 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $