Unit2 Home Sweet Home SectionA Grammar课件 2026-2027学年人教版八年级上册

该初中英语课件聚焦“Can”与“Could”的用法，核心涵盖礼貌请求、请求许可、过去能力及可能性表达，通过图书馆借笔情境对比不礼貌与礼貌表达导入，搭建从日常交际到语法规则的学习支架，帮助学生建立知识联系。 其亮点是以情境化任务（如餐厅、图书馆对话）和分层练习（单选、填空、角色扮演）为载体，通过对比“Can”与“Could”的语气差异培养思维品质，结合真实语境应用提升语言能力。分层作业设计（必做复习总结、选做角色扮演）促进学习能力发展，学生能在实践中掌握语法，教师可直接使用结构化内容提升教学效率。

Unit2 Mastering 'Can' and 'Could' Polite Requests A Guide to Polite Requests and Permission 1.7.2013 Hello everyone,welcome back to our class.Today,we're going to dive into a very important topic in English communication:how to make polite requests and ask for permission using the modal verbs 'can' and 'could'. By the end of this lesson,you'll be able to speak more confidently and politely in various situations.Let's get started! ‹#› Learning Objectives In this lesson, you will: 1 Master polite requests Master using "Can you...?" and "Could you...?" to make polite requests and give appropriate responses. 2 Ask for permission Master using "Can I...?" and "Could I...?" to ask for permission and understand others' requests. 3 Understand tense usage Understand that "could" is the past tense of "can",indicating past ability or possibility. 4 Distinguish tone differences Distinguish the tone difference(formality and politeness)between "can" and "could". 5 Apply in real contexts Apply the learned sentence patterns in simple daily conversations. 1.7.2013 Before we begin, let's look at our learning objectives for today. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to master making polite requests and asking for permission using 'can' and 'could'. You'll also understand the difference in tone between these two words and learn how to use them correctly in different situations. Finally, we'll apply what we've learned in some practical exercises. ‹#› Warm-up & Lead-in What would you say? Imagine you are in a library and your pen runs out of ink. You want to borrow one from a classmate next to you. Less Polite "Give me a pen." This is very direct and can sound rude in many situations. More Polite "Can you give me a pen?" "Could you please give me a pen?" This is much more polite and natural for asking favors. This is the kind of polite language we'll be focusing on today. 1.7.2013 Let's start with a warm-up scenario. Imagine you're in a library, and your pen stops working. You see a classmate nearby. How would you ask to borrow a pen? Option A, 'Give me a pen,' is very direct and can sound rude. Option B, 'Can you give me a pen?', is better. But option C, 'Could you please give me a pen?', sounds the most polite and natural. This is the kind of polite language we'll be focusing on today. ‹#› Language points Grammar Focus:Making Requests When we need someone to do something for us,we use Can you...? or Could you...? Can you...? Usage For informal,everyday requests.The tone is relatively direct. Structure Can + you + base verb + ...? Examples • Can you pass me the salt? • Can you help me with my homework? Could you...? Usage More polite and formal than Can you...?.Suitable for most situations,especially with people you don't know well. Structure Could + you + (please) + base verb + ...? Examples • Could you open the window,please? • Could you tell me the time? 1.7.2013 Now,let's look at the grammar.When making requests,we have two main patterns.'Can you...?' is used for informal situations with friends or family.For example,'Can you pass me the salt?'. For a more polite request,especially with people you don't know well,we use 'Could you...?'.For instance,'Could you open the window,please?'.Adding 'please' is a great way to make your request even more polite. ‹#› Let's learn Responses to Requests How to respond when someone asks you for help? Affirmative Responses 肯定回答 Sure. / No problem. 当然 / 没问题,常用且友好的表达 Okay. / Alright. 好的,语气轻松自然 Of course. / Certainly. 当然可以,语气更加肯定 I'd be happy to. 我很乐意帮忙,非常热情的回答 Negative Responses 否定回答 I'm sorry,but I can't.I'm busy. 抱歉,我不能,我现在很忙 I wish I could,but I have to go. 我希望可以,但我得走了,委婉拒绝 Unfortunately,I'm not able to. 很遗憾,我无法做到,更委婉的拒绝 Sorry,I can't. 对不起,我不能,直接但礼貌 1.7.2013 When someone asks you for a favor,how do you reply?For a positive answer,you can say 'Sure,' 'No problem,' or 'Of course.' These are very common and friendly. If you need to say no,it's important to be polite.You can say,'I'm sorry,but I can't.I'm busy right now,' or 'I wish I could,but I have to go.' This softens the refusal and shows you are being considerate. ‹#› Language points Grammar Focus:Asking for Permission When we want to do something and need someone's approval,we use Can I...? or Could I...?. Can I...? Usage For informal situations,asking permission from people you know well(family,friends). Structure Can + I + base verb + ...? Examples Can I use your phone? Can I leave early today? Could I...? Usage More polite and formal than Can I...?.Suitable for teachers,superiors or people you don't know well. Structure Could + I + base verb + ...? Examples Could I ask you a question? Could I borrow your dictionary,please? 1.7.2013 Next,let's talk about asking for permission.When you want to do something,you need to ask first.'Can I...?' is used with friends and family,like 'Can I use your phone?'. For a more formal or polite situation,such as asking a teacher or a stranger,we use 'Could I...?'.For example,'Could I ask you a question?'.This shows more respect. ‹#› Let's learn Responses to Permission How to respond when someone asks for your permission? Affirmative Responses肯定回答 Sure. / Go ahead. 当然,/用吧,/去吧。 Okay. / Alright. 好的,/可以。 Yes, you can. / Of course. 是的,你可以。/当然可以。 Certainly. 当然可以。 Negative Responses否定回答 I'm sorry,but you can't. 对不起,你不能。 I'm afraid not. 恐怕不行。 No,I'm using it right now. 不行,我现在正在用。 Sorry,it's not allowed. 抱歉,这是不允许的。 1.7.2013 When someone asks for your permission, you can give a simple 'Sure' or 'Go ahead.' If you need to refuse, you should also be polite. You can say, 'I'm sorry, but you can't,' or 'I'm afraid not.' This is much better than a simple 'No.' ‹#› Language points Language Point:could as Past Ability "could" is also the past tense of "can",indicating past ability. Structure Subject +could+ base verb Example 1 When I was a child,I could swim very well. Example 2 She could play the piano when she was five. Present Tense · 现在时 I can swim. Past Tense · 过去时 I could swim when I was young. 1.7.2013 Now for an important language point.'could' is not just a polite form of 'can';it's also the past tense.We use it to talk about abilities we had in the past. For example,'When I was a child,I could swim very well.'This means I had the ability to swim when I was young. Notice the difference from the present tense:'I can swim now.' ‹#› Language points could for Past Possibility 'could' can also express possibility in the past,meaning something was possible but may not have happened. STRUCTURE could + base verb 过去可能发生的动作或状态,但并不一定真正发生 He could be late for the meeting. It was possible that he would be late. It could rain yesterday,but it didn't. Rain was a possibility,but it didn't actually happen. ✕ Common Mistake I could swim now. Incorrect for present ability — 'could' 不能表示现在的能力。 ✓ Correct Usage I can swim now. Correct — 表达现在的能力要用 'can',而非 'could'。 1.7.2013 Another use of 'could' is to talk about past possibility.For example,'It could rain yesterday,but it didn't.' This means rain was a possibility in the past,but it didn't actually happen. A common mistake is using 'could' to talk about present ability.Remember,we say 'I can swim now,' not 'I could swim now.' ‹#› EX Practice:Multiple Choice Choose the best answer for each question. 1 ______ you please pass me the book? A. Can B. Could C. Should 2 ______ I use your restroom? A. Could B. Must C. Will 3 When I was young,I ______ run very fast. A. can B. could C. am able to 4 "Could you help me move this table?" "______,I'm busy right now." A. No problem B. Sure C. I'm sorry,but I can't 5 "Can I borrow your pen?" "______,here you are." A. I'm afraid not B. Sure C. No,you can't ANSWERS ｜1.B · 2.A · 3.B · 4.C · 5.B 1.7.2013 Now it's time to practice!Let's do some multiple-choice questions.Please read each question carefully and choose the best answer. Pay attention to the context to decide whether to use 'can' or 'could'.Let's check the answers together.How did you do? ‹#› 3c Practice:Situational Dialogue(At a restaurant) Fill in the blanks with can or could. Waiter Are you ready to order? Customer Yes,__________I have a menu,please? Waiter Certainly.Here you are. Customer Thank you.And__________you bring me a glass of water? Waiter __________.Right away. Answers:Could,could,Sure / Of course / Certainly 1.7.2013 Let's practice with a situational dialogue.Imagine you are at a restaurant.How would you ask for a menu and a glass of water?Let's fill in the blanks.The first blank is a request for permission,so we use 'Could'.The second is a request for action,so we also use 'could'.The waiter's response is a positive one,like 'Sure'. ‹#› 3c 情境 Practice:Situational Dialogue(At the library) Fill in the blanks with can or could. Student A Excuse me,______I ask you a question about this book? Student B Yes,______.What's up? Student A ______you tell me where I can find books about history? Student B Yes,they are on the second floor. Answers:could, of course / certainly, Could 1.7.2013 Here's another scenario, this time at a library. Student A wants to ask a question and find a book. Let's complete the dialogue. Again, we use 'could' for polite requests and permission. Student B gives a positive response like 'of course'. This shows how these phrases are used in real-life conversations. ‹#› Practice:Fill in the Blanks Use can or could to complete the sentences. 1 A:______ you swim when you were ten? B:Yes,I ______. 2 A:______ I use your computer for a minute? B:Sorry,I'm using it now.But you ______ use it later. 3 A:______ you please turn down the music?It's too loud. B:______,no problem. 4 She ______ speak three languages when she graduated from college. Answers:1.Could,could ｜ 2.Could/Can,can ｜ 3.Could,Sure/Certainly ｜ 4.could 1.7.2013 Let's try some fill-in-the-blank exercises.Read each sentence and decide whether 'can' or 'could' is the correct choice. Remember to consider if it's a present or past situation,and whether it's a request or a statement of ability.Let's go through the answers together. ‹#› Summary Request Informal Can you...? e.g. Can you help me? Polite Could you (please)...? e.g. Could you please open the door? Permission Informal Can I...? e.g. Can I go now? Polite Could I...? e.g. Could I ask a question? Past Ability Pattern Subject + could + verb Description Describes past ability e.g. He could play the guitar. Key Point 1:"could" is more polite than "can". Key Point 2:"please" makes requests more polite. Key Point 3:"could" is the past tense of "can". 1.7.2013 Let's summarize what we've learned today. We've covered making requests and asking for permission using 'can' and 'could'. Remember, 'could' is generally more polite than 'can'. We also learned that 'could' is the past tense of 'can' and is used to talk about past abilities. This table summarizes the key patterns and their uses. ‹#› Homework 01 Must-do必做 Review:Review the usage of "could" and "can" for requests and permission. Summarize:Write down the rules for making polite requests and asking for permission in your notebook. 02 Choose to do选做 Role-play:Create a short dialogue (at least 8 sentences) with a partner.Include at least two requests and two permissions.Choose a scenario like asking a teacher for help or asking a shop assistant for information. 1.7.2013 For your homework,please review today's lesson and summarize the rules in your notebook. For extra practice,try creating a short dialogue with a partner.Choose a real-life scenario and practice making requests and asking for permission. This will help you become more comfortable using these phrases. ‹#› Thank You! Practice Makes Perfect! Try to use 'can' and 'could' in your daily conversations as much as possible I look forward to seeing your progress in our next class.Goodbye! 1.7.2013 That's all for today's lesson.Thank you for your attention. Remember,practice makes perfect.Try to use 'can' and 'could' in your daily conversations as much as possible. I look forward to seeing your progress in our next class.Goodbye! ‹#› $