Unit 2 Home Sweet Home Section A (Grammar Focus) 学案 2026-2027学年英语人教版八年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦人教版八年级上册Unit 2 Section A语法，核心为情态动词can/could表示请求与许可的用法，涵盖核心句型（Can/Could you please do sth? / Can/Could I do sth?）。课前通过短语预习表（如be careful with）和句型预测问题搭建学习支架，引导学生自主关联旧知与新知，为课堂探究奠定基础。 资料亮点在于融合语言能力（真实情境句型运用）、思维品质（请求与许可语义对比分析）和文化意识（委婉语气交际礼仪），采用观察归纳语法规则、情境化练习（单项选择、句型转换）及易错点自我提醒（not位置、notes复数），培养学生自主学习能力和跨文化沟通能力，助力教师高效教学评估。

Unit 2 Home Sweet Home — Section A (Grammar Focus) 学案 —— 情态动词 can/could 表示请求与许可 2026-2027学年 人教版八年级上册 班级 姓名 学号 日期 课题 Unit 2 Section A (Grammar Focus): can/could 的请求与许可用法 学习目标 ① 语言能力：掌握情态动词 can/could 表示请求和许可的核心句型（Can/Could you please do sth? / Can/Could I do sth?），能在真实情境中正确使用这些句型提出请求和请求许可。掌握短语 be careful with, take notes, ask sb to do sth 的用法。 ② 学习能力：通过观察、归纳、对比的方式自主发现语法规则，培养归纳总结能力。 ③ 思维品质：区分"请求别人做某事（Request）"与"请求许可自己做某事（Permission）"的语义差异，培养分析对比思维。 ④ 文化意识：了解英语文化中使用委婉语气表达请求的交际礼仪，增强跨文化交际意识。 板块一：课前预习 Pre-class Preview ❶ 重点短语预习表 短语 释义 例句填空 be careful with 小心对待……；注意…… Please be c________ with the glass. take notes 记笔记 Please ________ ________ in class. make notes 记笔记（同义） She often ________ ________ when reading. write notes 记笔记（同义） He likes to ________ ________ in meetings. ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 The teacher ________ us ________ read aloud. sweep the floor 扫地 Could you please ________ ________ ________? hang out 闲逛；出去玩 Can I ________ ________ with my friends? pack up 收拾；打包 You have to ________ ________ your things. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 Could you please ________ ________ the ________? hang up 挂起 Can you ________ ________ the photos? ❷ 句型预测与思考 Q1: 你想向老师借一支钢笔，怎样用英语礼貌地表达？ A1: ________________________________________________________________ Q2: 你想让同学帮你搬一下桌子，怎样用英语礼貌地提出请求？ A2: ________________________________________________________________ Q3: "Can I..." 和 "Could I..." 有什么区别？你认为哪个更礼貌？ A3: ______________________________________________________________________. Q4: "Could you please not..." 这句话的意思是什么？not 放在什么位置？ A4: ______________________________________________________________________ Q5: 用英语写出你本周需要对家人提出的一个请求和一个许可请求。 Request: ________________________________________________________________ Permission: ________________________________________________________________ 板块二：课堂探究 Class Exploration ❶ Grammar Focus 3a：判断 R（Request）还是 P（Permission） Read the questions with can or could. Notice how they are answered. Then write R for requests or P for permission next to each question. 判断方法：主语是 you → ________（请求）；主语是 I → ________（许可）。 Question R / P Answer 中文翻译 Could you please sweep the floor? ________ OK, Mum. I'll do it at once. ________________ Could I hang out with my friends after lunch? ________ Sorry, Jim, but you have to pack up your things first. ________________ Can I put some flowers on the table? ________ Yes, good idea! ________________ Can you help me hang up the photos? ________ Sure. / No problem! ________________ ❷ Let's summarize! 句型归纳 A. 请求别人做某事（Request）: 句型 1: Can you do sth? — 你能________吗？ 例句: Can you help me sort out the books? 中文：________________________ 句型 2: Could you please do sth? — 麻烦你________好吗？ 例句: Could you please add some fruit to the plate? 中文：________________________ 小结：以上两个句型都用于 ________________________________________ B. 请求许可自己做某事（Permission）: 句型 3: Can I do sth? — 我可以________吗？ 例句: Can I plan a treasure hunt in the yard? 中文：________________________ 句型 4: Could I do sth? — 我可以________吗？（更委婉） 例句: Could I go shopping to buy some biscuits this afternoon? 中文：________________________ 小结：以上两个句型都用于 ________________________________________ C. 否定请求： 句型 5: Could you please not do sth? — 麻烦你不要________好吗？ 例句: Could you please not make so much noise? 中文：________________________ 注意：not 的位置在 ________ 之后、________ 之前。 ❸ 语法详解笔记（四种用法对比） 句型 功能 例句 注意 Can you do sth? 请求（R） Can you help me clean the room? 日常交际，语气友好 Could you please do sth? 请求（R）更委婉 Could you please take out the rubbish? 对长辈/老师使用 Can/Could I do sth? 许可（P） Can I use your pen? I→P, you→R Could you please not do sth? 否定请求 Could you please not make noise? not 在 please 后 ❹ 应答方式归纳 A. 肯定回答（Agreeing）: □ Sure. □ OK. □ No problem. □ Of course. □ Yes, good idea! □ Go ahead. □ I'll do it at once. B. 否定回答（Refusing politely）: □ Sorry, but you have to ________ first. □ I'm afraid not. □ No, you can't. C. 我的补充：__________________________________________________________ ❺ 语言点归纳（Language Points） 短语/句型 用法说明 例句 我的例句 be careful with sth 小心对待某物 Be careful with the glass. ________________ take notes 记笔记（notes 用复数） Please take notes in class. ________________ ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 Mum asks me to clean my room. ________________ 板块三：课堂练习 Class Practice I. 单项选择（Multiple Choice） 1. —________ you please sweep the floor? —OK, Mum. I'll do it at once. A. Do B. Are C. Could D. Will 答案：________ 2. —Could I hang out with my friends after lunch? —________, but you have to pack up your things first. A. Yes, you could B. Sorry C. No, you don't D. Yes, you are 答案：________ 3. The teacher asks us ________ notes in class. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took 答案：________ 4. Please be careful ________ the glass. It's very fragile. A. of B. with C. at D. for 答案：________ II. 完成句子（Complete the Sentences） 1. Could you please ________ (not make) so much noise? The baby is sleeping. 2. Please ________ (take) notes when you listen to the teacher. 3. Mum asks me ________ (be) careful with the dishes. 4. —________ I borrow your pen? —Sure. Here you are. III. 句型转换与运用 1. 请用 Could you please... 改写以下句子，使其更委婉： Can you help me carry the books? → ________________________________________________________________ 2. 请用 Could I... 改写以下句子，使其更委婉： Can I use your dictionary? → ________________________________________________________________ 3. 请将以下句子改为否定请求： Could you please open the window? → ________________________________________________________________ 4. 根据情景选择合适的问句（填 can 或 could）： 你向老师请假 → ________ I leave early today, Mr. Wang? 你让同学递水 → ________ you pass me the water, please? 你请求妈妈别吵 → ________ you please ________ make so much noise, Mum? 板块四：归纳总结 Summary ❶ 本课语法框架总结 类别 句型结构 例句 请求（R）— 一般 Can you do sth? Can you help me? 请求（R）— 委婉 Could you please do sth? Could you please sweep the floor? 否定请求 Could you please not do sth? Could you please not smoke here? 许可（P）— 一般 Can I do sth? Can I borrow your pen? 许可（P）— 委婉 Could I do sth? Could I go shopping? ❷ 重点短语默写框 英文短语 中文释义 be careful with ________ ________ 记笔记 ask sb to do sth ________ ________ 要求某人不要做某事 sweep the floor ________ ________ 闲逛；出去玩 ❸ 易错点自我提醒 1. Could you please not do sth? 中 not 的位置：在 ________ 之后，________ 之前。 2. take notes 中 notes 要用________（单数/复数）形式。 3. "Could you..." 中的 could 不是过去式，而是表示更________的语气。 4. 判断 R 还是 P 的关键是看句子的________：you → R，I → P。 5. 我还需要注意：__________________________________________________________ 板块五：参考答案 重点短语预习表答案 1. careful 2. take notes 3. makes notes 4. write notes 5. asks ... to 6. sweep the floor 7. hang out 8. pack up 9. take out ... rubbish 10. hang up 3a R/P 判断答案 1. R — Could you please sweep the floor? — 好的，妈妈。我马上就扫。 2. P — Could I hang out with my friends after lunch? — 抱歉，Jim，但你得先收拾好东西。 3. P — Can I put some flowers on the table? — 好的，好主意！ 4. R — Can you help me hang up the photos? — 当然。/ 没问题！ Let's summarize 答案 A. 请求别人做某事：Can you do sth? 你能……吗？/ Could you please do sth? 麻烦你……好吗？ 都用于 请求别人做某事（Request）。 B. 请求许可：Can I do sth? 我可以……吗？/ Could I do sth? 我可以……吗？（更委婉） 都用于 请求别人允许自己做某事（Permission）。 C. 否定请求：Could you please not do sth? 麻烦你不要……好吗？ not 的位置在 please 之后、动词原形之前。 课堂练习答案 I. 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B II. 1. not make 2. take 3. to be 4. Can / Could III. 1. Could you please help me carry the books? 2. Could I use your dictionary? 3. Could you please not open the window? 4. Could I leave early today, Mr. Wang? Can you pass me the water, please? Could you please not make so much noise, Mum? 重点短语默写框答案 be careful with — 小心对待……；注意…… take / make / write notes — 记笔记 ask sb to do sth — 要求某人做某事 ask sb not to do sth — 要求某人不要做某事 sweep the floor — 扫地 hang out — 闲逛；出去玩 易错点自我提醒答案 1. please 之后，动词原形之前 2. 复数 3. 委婉/礼貌 4. 主语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $