Unit 5 Learning from nature 单元复习 检测-2027届高三英语一轮复习外研版选择性必修第三册

**基本信息** 以“仿生学”主题为线索，构建“词汇-短语-句型-语篇”四层递进训练体系，聚焦非谓语动词语法应用与主题词汇迁移，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础知识回顾|词汇31词（含10词形转换）、短语20组、句型5句|非谓语动词作主语/宾语/表语的句型构建方法；主题词汇（如biomimicry）在语境中的准确运用|从核心词汇（含词性转换）到固定短语，再到语法功能句型，形成“词-句”语言要素闭环，夯实语言能力基础| |完形填空专练|4篇（每篇15题）|通过仿生学案例（仙人掌集水、鲨鱼皮抗菌等）训练语篇逻辑分析与主题词汇复现能力|语篇主题与单元“Learning from nature”高度契合，通过真实工程案例深化对“自然原理-人类应用”逻辑的理解，提升思维品质与学习能力|

XB3U5 复习 选择性必修三 Unit 5 Learning from nature Grammar: Review: non-finite forms as subject, object and predicative Part 1 基础知识回顾 一.词汇复习 1.莲花 n. __________________ 17.运用 v. __________________ 2.白蚁 n. __________________ 18.蝙蝠 n. __________________ 3.土堆；土丘 n. __________________ 19.回声定位 n. __________________ 4.藻类 n. __________________ 20.雷达 n. __________________ 5.松果 n. __________________ 21.无人机 n. __________________ 6.瓦片 n. __________________ 22.医生 n. __________________ 7.建筑师 n. __________________ 23.不慌不忙地 adv. __________________ 8.模仿 v. __________________ 24.得到；获得 v. __________________ 9.滨水地区 n. __________________ 25.inspire v. → _______________ → n. 灵感 10.管道系统 n. __________________ 26.architecture n. → _______________ → n. 建筑师 11.极好的 adj. __________________ 27.convert v. → _______________ → n. 转换 12.仿生学 n. __________________ 28.evaluate v. → _______________ → n. 评估 13.二氧化物 n. __________________ 29.fulfil v. → _______________ → n. 满足感 14.转换 v. __________________ 30.deliberate adj. → _______________ → adv. 从容地；故意地 15.前沿 n. __________________ 31.nature n. → _______________ → adj. 自然的 16.智慧 n. __________________ 二.短语复习 1.认为……理所当然 __________________________ 11.降低阻力 __________________________ 2.从……中获得灵感 __________________________ 12.提高效率 __________________________ 3.寻求……的解决方案 __________________________ 13.向自然学习 __________________________ 4.模仿自然结构 __________________________ 14.顺应自然规律 __________________________ 5.仿生设计 __________________________ 15.农村生活 __________________________ 6.节约能源 __________________________ 16.安于自然节奏 __________________________ 7.改善通风 __________________________ 17.获得满足感 __________________________ 8.转换二氧化碳 __________________________ 18.不情愿离开 __________________________ 9.位于技术前沿 __________________________ 19.刻意放慢速度 __________________________ 10.利用回声定位 __________________________ 20.评价设计效果 __________________________ 三.词汇运用 1.The building’s cooling system was developed through careful __________ of termite mounds. (observe) 2.The engineer drew __________ from the way cactus surfaces collect moisture. (inspire) 3.The new material enables efficient energy __________ under changing temperatures. (convert) 4.The design was tested repeatedly before a final __________ was made. (evaluate) 5.Biomimicry encourages designers to work with __________ processes rather than against them. (nature) 6.The architect used a __________ simple structure to improve airflow. (deceive) 7.A successful design can provide both practical value and personal __________. (fulfil) 四.句型复习与运用 1.从自然中学习并不意味着简单复制自然的外形。（non-finite as subject） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2.设计师的任务是发现自然结构背后的原理并将其转化为工程方案。（non-finite as predicative） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3.许多建筑师喜欢研究白蚁丘，以寻找节能通风的新方法。（non-finite as object） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4.受松果启发的材料能够根据湿度自动改变形状。（inspired by） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 5.我们真正要学习的是自然如何在有限资源下保持高效。（what） ____________________________________________________________________________________ Part 2 完形填空专练 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1 In a dry coastal region, engineers were asked to design a surface that could collect water from morning fog. Their first prototypes used smooth metal plates, but droplets formed unevenly and often evaporated before reaching a container. A biologist suggested looking at desert cactus skin, which combines tiny structures with channels that guide water ____1____. The team did not copy the cactus shape exactly. Instead, they studied the ____2____ behind it: where droplets first form, how they join and how gravity moves them. This distinction mattered because a direct copy would have been difficult to manufacture. After dozens of tests, the engineers created a patterned sheet with raised points and narrow grooves. The points encouraged water to ____3____, while the grooves directed larger drops downward. In field trials, the new surface collected significantly more water than the smooth plate. The improvement was useful, but the team resisted calling the design a complete ____4____. Fog varies from day to day, and collected water still needed safe storage and treatment. Biomimicry had solved one part of a larger system. The project changed how the engineers approached other problems. They began asking not ‘What animal can we copy?’ but ‘What function has nature already had to ____5____?’ That question opened a wider range of examples. It also prevented superficial imitation. A beautiful natural shape may have no connection to the function a designer needs. Understanding mechanism must come before ____6____. The cactus project required cooperation between biology, materials science and local knowledge. Residents knew where fog was most reliable and how strong coastal winds could become. Their observations influenced where panels were ____7____. The final design was deliberately simple enough to repair locally. A highly efficient surface would be of limited value if damaged parts required expensive imported equipment. Practicality became another design ____8____. Over time, the collection system was used mainly for cleaning and irrigation rather than drinking water. This was not the original ambition, but it still reduced pressure on the local water supply. The team viewed the adjustment as evidence of useful design rather than ____9____. Nature had provided inspiration, not instructions. Human designers still had to evaluate cost, safety, climate and maintenance. The lesson was that biomimicry works best when natural wisdom is ____10____ with careful engineering. One engineer later compared the process to translation. A translator does not replace each word mechanically; meaning has to survive a change of form. In the same way, the cactus principle had to be ____11____ into materials suited to a different context. The project also taught patience. Natural systems often reflect many generations of adaptation, while engineering teams work under short deadlines. Testing helped prevent enthusiasm from becoming ____12____. Students who visited the site were encouraged to sketch not the cactus itself but the path of a water droplet. This shifted attention from appearance to ____13____. That small exercise captured the project’s central idea. The most valuable feature in nature may not be what looks impressive. It may be an ordinary process that quietly ____14____ a problem. By learning to see functions rather than forms, the team turned a familiar plant into a source of engineering ____15____. 1. A. downward B. randomly C. outside D. slowly 2. A. colour B. principle C. size D. history 3. A. form B. freeze C. disappear D. scatter 4. A. solution B. copy C. failure D. machine 5. A. avoid B. solve C. measure D. repeat 6. A. decoration B. testing C. imitation D. marketing 7. A. placed B. sold C. painted D. stored 8. A. criterion B. error C. tradition D. reward 9. A. failure B. success C. competition D. delay 10. A. combined B. replaced C. hidden D. compared 11. A. translated B. removed C. divided D. reduced 12. A. certainty B. overconfidence C. care D. curiosity 13. A. function B. beauty C. price D. speed 14. A. creates B. solves C. describes D. avoids 15. A. wisdom B. conflict C. fashion D. profit 2 Hospitals have long searched for surfaces that are easier to keep clean. One research team became interested in shark skin, not because it contains a chemical that kills microbes, but because its microscopic pattern can make it harder for some organisms to ____1____. The researchers created a synthetic surface with a related pattern. Early laboratory tests were encouraging, but translating those results into real hospital use required ____2____. A ward contains cleaning agents, scratches, body fluids and thousands of daily contacts that a simple laboratory test does not reproduce. The team therefore ran small field trials rather than replacing large areas at once. They compared patterned and standard surfaces under the same cleaning routines. The aim was to see whether the design offered an advantage ____3____ ordinary practice. Results showed fewer microbes on some patterned surfaces, but the effect varied by location. Handles and rails behaved differently from large flat panels. This reminded the team that one natural principle may need different ____4____ in different settings. The design was never presented as a replacement for cleaning. That would have created a dangerous sense of ____5____. Instead, researchers described it as one possible layer of protection. This distinction is central to responsible biomimicry. Nature can suggest a mechanism, but human environments have their own demands. A hospital surface must be safe, affordable, durable and compatible with disinfectants. The team also had to avoid misleading publicity. ‘Inspired by shark skin’ sounded dramatic, yet the final material did not look or feel like a shark. Its value came from a ____6____ pattern invisible from a distance. Manufacturing that pattern at scale proved difficult. A design that works on a small sample may become too expensive when produced in thousands of square metres. Engineers adjusted the pattern repeatedly to reduce cost while ____7____ its function. Clinicians contributed another perspective. They asked whether the material would remain effective after years of cleaning and whether damage would create new places for microbes to collect. These questions shaped long-term tests. The project took longer than expected, but the slow process prevented a promising idea from being adopted before its limits were understood. In health care, an innovation must be not only clever but ____8____. Students visiting the laboratory often wanted to know which animal should inspire the next invention. Researchers redirected them toward problems: low friction, strong adhesion, efficient cooling. Finding a useful natural model begins with a clear ____9____. This problem-first approach also reduces the temptation to copy a striking feature simply because it looks interesting. Biomimicry is most powerful when it connects biological function with an actual human need. The shark-skin project demonstrated that the journey from observation to application is rarely direct. It involves testing, redesign and sometimes deciding that a promising idea is not ready. Such restraint is part of scientific ____10____. Nature offers millions of examples, but not all can or should become products. The task is to learn selectively and critically. Inspiration creates a question; evidence must decide the ____11____. In this case, the natural pattern opened a new line of research. Its final contribution may be a product, a modified design or simply a better understanding of how surface structure influences attachment. Any of those outcomes can be valuable if the process remains ____12____, transparent and connected to real conditions. The goal is not to prove that nature always has the answer, but to use nature to ask ____13____ questions. Good design grows from curiosity disciplined by ____14____. That combination turns imitation into genuine ____15____. 1. A. attach B. breathe C. change D. grow 2. A. caution B. speed C. marketing D. imagination 3. A. beyond B. without C. against D. inside 4. A. versions B. colours C. prices D. names 5. A. security B. failure C. progress D. competition 6. A. tiny B. colourful C. soft D. random 7. A. preserving B. hiding C. measuring D. changing 8. A. reliable B. popular C. cheap D. beautiful 9. A. problem B. animal C. product D. market 10. A. integrity B. fashion C. speed D. luck 11. A. outcome B. advertisement C. deadline D. price 12. A. careful B. secret C. automatic D. famous 13. A. better B. fewer C. easier D. older 14. A. evidence B. confidence C. tradition D. profit 15. A. innovation B. copying C. decoration D. agreement 3 Designers of small delivery drones face a problem that birds solved long ago: how to move through air without producing too much noise. A team studying owl wings noticed soft edge structures that break up air movement rather than letting it form one strong noisy ____1____. Instead of attaching real feathers, engineers developed a flexible artificial edge inspired by the same principle. In wind-tunnel tests, the material reduced certain frequencies, though it also created a small loss of ____2____. That trade-off forced a decision. A quieter drone is useful in residential areas, but not if it requires so much extra energy that flight time becomes impractical. The team adjusted the edge to find a workable ____3____. Field tests revealed another issue. Rain changed the flexible material’s shape. A design that performed well in dry laboratory air had to be ____4____ for outdoor conditions. This is a common lesson in biomimicry. Natural features work as part of complete organisms and environments. When one feature is moved into a machine, the surrounding conditions are different. The engineers therefore stopped asking whether their edge was ‘like an owl’ and started measuring specific outcomes: noise, lift, energy use and durability. The natural model had inspired the design, but engineering evidence determined whether it was ____5____. Residents near a test route were invited to rate perceived noise. Their responses did not always match laboratory measurements. A small change in frequency could be more noticeable to people even when total sound energy fell. Human perception became another design ____6____. The project thus involved biology, mechanics and psychology. No single field could answer every question. Collaboration helped the team avoid optimising one measure while ____7____ another. Eventually the drone became moderately quieter rather than nearly silent. The engineers considered this a success because the improvement came without unacceptable loss of range. Nature had suggested a direction, not a miracle. The project also influenced future work. Engineers began collecting natural examples by function—silent movement, flexible strength, water resistance—rather than by species. This made their research more ____8____. Students who joined the lab were told that fascination with an animal is a good starting point but a poor final method. They had to define the engineering problem before choosing what to study. One student proposed copying the exact shape of an owl wing. Testing showed that the scale difference made the copy ineffective. The failure was useful: similarity of appearance does not guarantee similarity of ____9____. By treating failed prototypes as information, the team improved its understanding of both flight and sound. This attitude kept biomimicry from becoming decorative imitation. The final drone contained no obvious owl-like part. Yet the design logic remained connected to the bird: interrupting airflow in a way that reduced noise. The inspiration had been ____10____ rather than copied. That distinction explains why learning from nature is a creative process. Designers observe, identify a principle, translate it into a new context and then test whether the translation works. Every step requires judgement. Nature is the teacher, but the student still has to ____11____. The best outcome is not the closest imitation; it is the most useful ____12____ of a natural idea. In this sense, biomimicry depends as much on critical thinking as on admiration. It asks designers to remain curious enough to look outward and careful enough to ____13____ their first idea. A successful design emerges when inspiration, evidence and practical limits can ____14____. That is how a quiet feather edge becomes not a copy of an owl, but a new engineering ____15____. 1. A. wave B. colour C. route D. shape 2. A. lift B. noise C. speed D. weight 3. A. balance B. answer C. copy D. market 4. A. redesigned B. hidden C. replaced D. ignored 5. A. useful B. natural C. popular D. similar 6. A. criterion B. error C. advertisement D. cost 7. A. measuring B. ignoring C. improving D. copying 8. A. systematic B. expensive C. secret D. artistic 9. A. function B. size C. colour D. origin 10. A. translated B. enlarged C. removed D. decorated 11. A. think B. copy C. agree D. admire 12. A. adaptation B. picture C. story D. description 13. A. question B. protect C. publish D. repeat 14. A. coexist B. compete C. disappear D. separate 15. A. solution B. animal C. problem D. decoration 4 A coastal city wanted flood barriers that could reduce wave force without creating a solid wall between people and the sea. Engineers began studying mangrove roots, which slow water through networks of trunks and branches. The aim was not to plant mangroves everywhere; the local climate was unsuitable. The team wanted to understand the ____1____. Small models showed that rows of narrow vertical elements could break up wave energy. But spacing mattered. Too dense, and the structure behaved like a wall; too open, and waves passed through with little ____2____. The engineers tested dozens of arrangements. They also invited ecologists because any structure placed in shallow water would affect sediment and marine life. A barrier that protected buildings while damaging the coast’s ecology would solve one problem by ____3____ another. The final design used removable modules so spacing could be adjusted after monitoring. This flexibility was more expensive initially, but it allowed the system to respond to conditions that models might not ____4____. During the first winter, sediment began collecting behind several modules. In some places this helped create calmer habitat; in others it blocked a small drainage channel. The team changed the arrangement rather than treating the design as ____5____. That response reflected the natural model itself. Mangrove forests are not fixed machines. They grow, die, bend and interact with changing water and soil. Learning from them suggested a design that could also be ____6____. Residents were initially sceptical because the modules looked less impressive than a concrete wall. Engineers used physical demonstrations to show how distributed barriers reduced wave force. Seeing the water slow made the idea easier to ____7____. The project also included a walkway, but designers resisted adding so many visitor features that the protective function became secondary. Every addition was tested against the main objective. After several seasons, the modular system had not eliminated flooding, but it reduced wave energy during moderate storms and improved public access to the waterfront. The result was more modest than some early headlines promised, yet more ____8____. The city published monitoring data, including failures, so other coastal communities could judge whether the approach suited their conditions. This transparency prevented the project from becoming a universal answer. The engineers emphasised that biomimicry should not be used as a label to make a design sound automatically sustainable. Natural inspiration must still be tested for materials, maintenance and ecological ____9____. In this project, the most useful lesson from mangroves was not their appearance but the idea of distributing force through many elements. That principle could be adapted without pretending the structure was a forest. The approach also changed planning discussions. Instead of asking which single barrier was strongest, officials began considering combinations of dunes, wetlands, modules and building design. Resilience became a ____10____ strategy. This systems view is close to how nature often works: several imperfect protections combine rather than one perfect defence. The city’s flood plan therefore became more varied and adaptable. The mangrove-inspired modules remain experimental, but the project has already produced a valuable shift in thinking. Designers moved from copying a natural object to studying a natural ____11____. They learned that successful translation requires attention to local context, willingness to revise and acceptance of trade-offs. Nature offered a principle; evidence determined its ____12____. The barrier’s greatest strength may be not that it resembles mangroves, but that it encouraged engineers to think in terms of networks, flexibility and ____13____. Those ideas are useful far beyond one coastline. They show how biological observation can expand the set of solutions humans are able to ____14____. Learning from nature, in this sense, is less about admiration than about disciplined ____15____. 1. A. principle B. colour C. location D. history 2. A. effect B. noise C. cost D. beauty 3. A. creating B. measuring C. hiding D. avoiding 4. A. predict B. publish C. change D. simplify 5. A. finished B. natural C. cheap D. beautiful 6. A. adjustable B. permanent C. hidden D. identical 7. A. understand B. sell C. replace D. measure 8. A. realistic B. famous C. simple D. traditional 9. A. impact B. style C. origin D. speed 10. A. combined B. single C. temporary D. private 11. A. process B. species C. shape D. picture 12. A. value B. appearance C. name D. price 13. A. adaptation B. competition C. size D. decoration 14. A. imagine B. avoid C. remember D. copy 15. A. inquiry B. imitation C. agreement D. confidence XB3U5 复习答案 Part 1 基础知识回顾 一.词汇复习 1.lotus n. 莲花 17.employ v. 运用 2.termite n. 白蚁 18.bat n. 蝙蝠 3.mound n. 土堆；土丘 19.echo-location n. 回声定位 4.algae n. 藻类 20.radar n. 雷达 5.pine cone n. 松果 21.drone n. 无人机 6.tile n. 瓦片 22.physician n. 医生 7.architect n. 建筑师 23.deliberately adv. 不慌不忙地 8.mimic v. 模仿 24.attain v. 得到；获得 9.waterfront n. 滨水地区 25.inspire v. → inspiration → n. 灵感 10.plumbing n. 管道系统 26.architecture n. → architect → n. 建筑师 11.superb adj. 极好的 27.convert v. → conversion → n. 转换 12.biomimicry n. 仿生学 28.evaluate v. → evaluation → n. 评估 13.dioxide n. 二氧化物 29.fulfil v. → fulfilment → n. 满足感 14.convert v. 转换 30.deliberate adj. → deliberately → adv. 从容地；故意地 15.frontier n. 前沿 31.nature n. → natural → adj. 自然的 16.wisdom n. 智慧 二.短语复习 1.take ... for granted 认为……理所当然 11.reduce resistance 降低阻力 2.take inspiration from 从……中获得灵感 12.improve efficiency 提高效率 3.seek solutions to 寻求……的解决方案 13.learn from nature 向自然学习 4.mimic natural structures 模仿自然结构 14.work with natural processes 顺应自然规律 5.biomimetic design 仿生设计 15.rural life 农村生活 6.save energy 节约能源 16.be at ease with nature 安于自然节奏 7.improve ventilation 改善通风 17.attain fulfilment 获得满足感 8.convert carbon dioxide 转换二氧化碳 18.be reluctant to depart 不情愿离开 9.be at the frontier of technology 位于技术前沿 19.slow down deliberately 刻意放慢速度 10.employ echo-location 利用回声定位 20.evaluate design performance 评价设计效果 三.词汇运用 1. The building’s cooling system was developed through careful observation of termite mounds. 2. The engineer drew inspiration from the way cactus surfaces collect moisture. 3. The new material enables efficient energy conversion under changing temperatures. 4. The design was tested repeatedly before a final evaluation was made. 5. Biomimicry encourages designers to work with natural processes rather than against them. 6. The architect used a deceptively simple structure to improve airflow. 7. A successful design can provide both practical value and personal fulfilment. 四.句型复习与运用 1. Learning from nature does not mean simply copying its outward forms. 2. The designer’s task is to discover the principles behind natural structures and convert them into engineering solutions. 3. Many architects enjoy studying termite mounds to find new ways of energy-efficient ventilation. 4. Inspired by pine cones, the material can change shape automatically according to humidity. 5. What we truly need to learn is how nature remains efficient with limited resources. Part 2 完形填空专练 1. 1.A 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.A 2. 1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.A 3. 1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.A 4. 1.A 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.A — — 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $