2027届高三英语- -新高考I卷阅读理解B篇专项练习深度讲解讲义

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦新高考I卷阅读理解B篇，覆盖记叙文与夹叙夹议文的细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意四大核心考点，按“命题规律导学—15篇专项训练—词汇附录”架构，通过六步阅读法指导、逐题精讲、限时训练等环节，帮助学生系统突破“读懂情节—把握主旨—合理推断”难点。 讲义创新采用“母题分类+六维精讲”模式，如针对推理题总结“原文隐含、推进一步”策略，结合情节线梳理培养思维品质，通过同义替换积累提升语言能力。设置8-10分钟限时训练与分层技巧延伸，确保高效突破考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

新高考 I 卷 · 阅读理解 B 篇专项 深度讲解版（强化版）· 记叙 / 夹叙夹议阅读突破训练 Reading Comprehension Passage B — Narrative & Expository Focus (Extended) 适用对象 高三一轮/二轮复习，需攻克 B 篇记叙文与夹叙夹议文（故事·感悟·哲理）的学生 对标标准 新高考 I 卷 B 篇：记叙文或夹叙夹议，约 300–400 词，4 小题，含推理/词义/主旨 内容构成 命题规律导学 + 15 篇专项（逐题六维精讲 + 技巧延伸 + 同义替换 + 实用短语）+ 词汇附录 使用建议 先读导学掌握‘六步阅读法’，再限时完成每篇（建议 8–10 分钟），订正时精读讲解并积累词汇 ———————————————————————————————— 高三英语一轮复习 第一部分　B 篇命题规律与解题策略（导学） ———————————————————————————————————————— 一、新高考 I 卷 B 篇核心特征 维度 特征说明 文本类型 记叙文（Narration）或夹叙夹议（Narrative + Reflection）：讲故事并引出感悟/哲理 文本长度 约 300–400 词，比 A 篇长，情节与细节交织 题量 共 4 小题（阅读 A/B/C/D 合计 15 题，B 篇固定 4 题） 主要题型 细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意（或作者态度） 难度 ★★ 中等，重在‘读懂情节—把握主旨—合理推断’ 考查能力 梳理情节脉络、推断言外之意、猜测生词、概括中心与作者态度 二、B 篇四大题型拆解（识别标志 + 破解要点） 题型 识别标志 破解要点 细节理解题 题干问 who / what / when / why 的具体事实 回原文定位对应句，注意张冠李戴与时态陷阱 推理判断题 含 infer / imply / suggest / learn from 选项‘原文无原句、推进一步’才对；原文照抄多为干扰 词义猜测题 含 the underlined word 'X' means 五大线索：定义/同义/反义/举例/构词，忌望文生义 主旨/态度题 含 main idea / best title / attitude / tone 看首尾段与高频词；态度词须有原文支撑，忌主观 三、记叙文六步阅读法（形成肌肉记忆） 第 1 步　速读首尾，抓主旨：先看首段与尾段，往往点明‘故事要讲什么道理’。 第 2 步　梳理情节线：按‘起因—发展—转折—高潮—结局—感悟’在脑中画时间线。 第 3 步　圈人物与情感：标记主人公、配角，以及情绪变化词（happy→regret→moved）。 第 4 步　读题干，定题型：判断本题是细节/推理/词义/主旨，用对应策略。 第 5 步　回文定位，比对：细节题找原句；推理题找依据句并推一步。 第 6 步　排除干扰，定答案：用‘无中生有/偷换概念/以偏概全/过度推断’四把尺子。 四、推理判断题破解表（B 篇重中之重） 题干信号词 含义 判断方法 infer / imply 问‘可推断出什么’ 答案必是原文‘隐含’的，选言外之意而非原句 suggest 问‘暗示什么’ 同 infer，注意作者未明说但可推出 learn from 问‘从…得知/学到’ 常考故事寓意，回尾段找主旨句 attitude / tone 问‘作者态度’ 找评价性形容词，区分客观/褒/贬 五、词义猜测五大线索（猜词题必看） ① 定义线索：被猜词后用 is / means / refers to 直接解释，如 A 'nomad' is a person with no fixed home. ② 同义线索：and / or 连接近义词，如 She was 'thrifty', or careful with money. ③ 反义线索：but / however / unlike 后给反义，如 Unlike his 'talkative' sister, he was silent. ④ 举例线索：such as / for example 后用实例揭示词义。 ⑤ 构词线索：前缀 un-/dis- 表否定， -less 表无， -ful 表充满，合词法拆分。 六、主旨大意与标题选择 · 看高频词：全文反复出现的名词/概念，通常就是主题。 · 看首尾段：记叙文主旨常落在结尾‘感悟句’（I realized / It taught me）。 · 标题特征：凝练、有画面感、不偏不漏；过大（涵盖全文之外）或过小（只讲一段）都错。 · 勿选细节：某个精彩情节≠主旨，主旨是‘故事想告诉你的道理’。 七、B 篇高频干扰项套路（出题人最爱用的 5 招） ① 无中生有：原文没有的态度或结论，凭常识编造。 ② 过度推断：比原文多推了一步甚至几步，加了‘绝对/必然’。 ③ 偷换概念：把主人公的事安到配角，或把‘一次’说成‘一贯’。 ④ 以偏概全：用某个细节冒充全文主旨。 ⑤ 正反颠倒：把‘后悔’说成‘无悔’，把‘贬’说成‘褒’。 第二部分　15 篇专项训练（逐题六维精讲 + 技巧延伸） ———————————————————————————————————————— 专项训练 1 · 善意传递（夹叙夹议） —————————————————————————————————————— 【原文】 It was a cold, rainy November afternoon when Maya stepped out of the library and found the sky pouring. She had no umbrella, and the bus stop was two blocks away. Shivering, she stood under the narrow entrance, unsure what to do. A woman around her mother's age noticed her and walked over without a word. She held out a large black umbrella and said, 'Take it. I live just upstairs.' Maya hesitated, but the woman smiled and added, 'I'll get another. Pay it forward someday.' Before Maya could thank her properly, the woman vanished into the building. The umbrella kept Maya dry that winter, and she never forgot the stranger's kindness. Years later, on a similar rainy day, Maya saw a soaked boy waiting at a station. Without thinking, she walked up and handed him the same black umbrella. 'Pay it forward,' she said, and rushed off. Only then did she understand what the woman had meant: kindness is not a debt to repay, but a light to pass on. Small acts, she realized, can travel farther than we ever imagine. 【题目】 1. Why did the woman give Maya her umbrella? A. She wanted to sell it B. She lived nearby and chose to help C. Maya was her neighbor D. The library asked her to 2. What does the underlined phrase 'pay it forward' most probably mean? A. Return the money later B. Do a kindness for someone else C. Sell the umbrella D. Say thanks in public 3. What can we infer about Maya from the story? A. She forgot the woman quickly B. She understood the meaning of kindness years later C. She kept the umbrella for herself D. She never used the umbrella 4. What is the best title for the text? A. A Rainy November B. How to Use an Umbrella C. The Umbrella That Traveled On D. Maya's Bus Ride 【深度讲解】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C ▍第 1 题 · 答案：B · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：I'll get another. Pay it forward someday ... she lived just upstairs · 同义替换：lived just upstairs → 住楼上，对应选项 nearby · 解析：原文说女子住在楼上、让 Maya 把伞拿去并‘日后传递善意’，说明她住得近且主动相助。A 卖伞、C 邻居、D 图书馆要求均属无中生有。 · 技巧：因果题先找题干动作的主体动机，回原文看其原话；凡‘无偿帮助’类故事，干扰项常编造‘交易/报酬’动机。 ▍第 2 题 · 答案：B · 题型：词义猜测 · 定位：Pay it forward someday ... kindness is not a debt to repay, but a light to pass on · 同义替换：not a debt to repay, but a light to pass on → 把善意传递下去 · 解析：后文点明善意‘不是要偿还的债，而是传递的光’，可知 pay it forward 意为‘把善意传递给下一个人’。A 还钱、C 卖伞、D 公开道谢均不符。 · 技巧：猜词题看‘同篇复现’：被猜短语后文常有解释句；本文结尾的 not a debt ... pass on 正是释义。 ▍第 3 题 · 答案：B · 题型：推理判断 · 定位：Only then did she understand what the woman had meant · 同义替换：Only then did she understand → 多年后才真正懂（推进一步） · 解析：原文‘直到那时她才明白女子的用意’，说明 Maya 是多年后才理解善意真谛。A 忘记、C 留为己用、D 从未使用都与情节相反。 · 技巧：infer 题答案必为‘原文隐含、推进一步’；选‘与原文某句同义复现但加了理解层次’的项，忌选原文原句照抄。 ▍第 4 题 · 答案：C · 题型：主旨大意 · 定位：kindness is not a debt to repay, but a light to pass on · 同义替换：a light to pass on → 伞作为善意的载体被传递（主题意象） · 解析：全文围绕‘一把伞在陌生人之间传递善意’展开，C 用意象概括主旨。A 仅天气、B 偏离、D 仅细节，均过小或偏离。 · 技巧：标题题抓‘贯穿全文的意象+主旨’：伞是线索物，traveled on 呼应 pay it forward，凝练且有画面感。 【解题技巧延伸】 【善意/温暖类解题延伸】这类‘微小善举—传递’母题，主旨几乎都落在结尾感悟句（realize / understand / taught me）。读时重点标记‘线索物’（本文的伞），它往往就是标题与主旨的意象来源；推理题多问‘主人公因此明白了什么’，答案在尾段。 【词汇积累】（本篇高频词） pour　v. 倾盆而下 rush off　匆匆离开 shiver　v. 发抖 debt　n. 债务 entrance　n. 入口 repay　v. 偿还 hesitate　v. 犹豫 kindness　n. 善意 vanish　v. 消失 imagine　v. 想象 soaked　adj. 湿透的 stranger　n. 陌生人 【同义替换积累】（B 篇答案多为原文同义转换或合理推断，务必熟记） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 pay it forward 把善意传递下去 a light to pass on 传递的光（比喻善意） live just upstairs 就住在楼上 travel farther than we imagine 比想象中传得更远 【实用短语】（可迁移到写作与完形） · step out of 走出 · find the sky pouring 发现下起倾盆大雨 · stand under the entrance 站在入口下 · hand sb. sth. 把某物递给某人 · pay it forward 把善意传递下去 · rush off 匆匆离开 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项训练 2 · 勇气与克服恐惧 —————————————————————————————————————— 【原文】 Tom had feared water since he was five, when a wave had knocked him down at the beach. Now, at fourteen, his classmates were all excited about the swimming test, but Tom sat at the edge of the pool, his feet trembling. Mr. Reed, the coach, did not push him. Instead, he sat beside Tom and said, 'Courage is not the absence of fear. It is acting despite it.' He asked Tom to simply sit at the pool's edge and dip his toes in every day. A week passed. Then Tom stood at the diving board, knees shaking, heart racing. He looked at Mr. Reed, who nodded. Tom jumped. The water swallowed him for a second, then he surfaced, laughing. He had not conquered the ocean, but he had conquered the boy who used to run from it. From that day, Tom no longer saw the pool as a monster. He saw it as a place where he had met his own bravery. 【题目】 1. Why did Tom fear water? A. He disliked his coach B. A wave had knocked him down as a child C. He could not swim at all D. His classmates laughed at him 2. What did Mr. Reed mean by 'Courage is not the absence of fear'? A. Brave people feel no fear B. Courage means acting even when afraid C. Fear is useless D. One must remove fear first 3. What does the underlined word 'conquered' most likely mean? A. Defeated B. Ignored C. Avoided D. Followed 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Swimming is a useful skill B. A coach should be strict C. True courage is acting despite fear D. The pool is dangerous 【深度讲解】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C ▍第 1 题 · 答案：B · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：feared water since he was five, when a wave had knocked him down · 同义替换：a wave had knocked him down → 小时候被浪打倒 · 解析：原文明确‘自五岁被浪打倒后怕水’，B 正确。A 讨厌教练、C 完全不会游、D 同学嘲笑均未提及或与原文相反。 · 技巧：问‘原因’先找 since / because / when 引导的从句；本文 since he was five 直接给出童年起因。 ▍第 2 题 · 答案：B · 题型：推理判断 · 定位：It is acting despite it · 同义替换：acting despite it → 带着恐惧仍行动（释义复现） · 解析：教练紧接着说‘而是带着恐惧去行动’，故句意为‘勇气是明知害怕仍去做’。A 说勇敢者无惧、C 恐惧无用、D 须先消除恐惧均曲解。 · 技巧：引语理解题看其后紧跟的解释句（It is ...）；英语常‘名言+破折号/同位解释’，后者即答案。 ▍第 3 题 · 答案：A · 题型：词义猜测 · 定位：he had conquered the ocean ... conquered the boy who used to run from it · 同义替换：conquered the boy who used to run → 战胜了从前逃跑的自己 · 解析：前文写 Tom 跳水后笑、不再把泳池当怪物，可知 conquered 指‘战胜、克服’。ignore 忽视、avoid 回避、follow 跟随均不符语境。 · 技巧：猜词看并列/对比：conquered the ocean 与 conquered the boy who ran 并列，均表‘战胜’，且后文 met his bravery 印证。 ▍第 4 题 · 答案：C · 题型：主旨大意 · 定位：Courage is not the absence of fear. It is acting despite it · 同义替换：acting despite it → 带着恐惧行动才是勇气（全文主旨句） · 解析：全文用 Tom 战胜惧水印证教练的话——真正的勇气是带着恐惧行动。A 技能、B 教练严格、D 泳池危险均非中心。 · 技巧：夹叙夹议文主旨常在‘开篇名言+结尾呼应’；本文首句名言即题眼，选与之同义的主旨项。 【解题技巧延伸】 【成长/勇气类解题延伸】此类‘克服恐惧’叙事，转折点常是‘一个动作/一句话’(本文跳水+教练名言)。词义猜测多考动作结果词（conquer/surface/race）；主旨题答案多为教练/主人公说出的‘道理句’，首尾呼应。 【词汇积累】（本篇高频词） fear　v./n. 害怕 racing　adj. 急速跳动的 tremble　v. 颤抖 surface　v. 浮出水面 coach　n. 教练 conquer　v. 征服 absence　n. 缺乏 monster　n. 怪物 dip　v. 浸 bravery　n. 勇敢 diving board　跳板 edge　n. 边缘 【同义替换积累】（B 篇答案多为原文同义转换或合理推断，务必熟记） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 absence of fear 没有恐惧 acting despite it 带着恐惧行动 conquered the boy 战胜了那个男孩（自己） met his own bravery 遇见了自己的勇敢 【实用短语】（可迁移到写作与完形） · fear water 怕水 · sit at the edge 坐在边缘 · trembling feet 发抖的双脚 · dip one's toes in 把脚趾浸入 · look at sb. 看着某人 · see ... as 把…看作 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项训练 3 · 亲情（沉默的爱） —————————————————————————————————————— 【原文】 Every evening, Dad rode his old blue bicycle to the station to pick up Mum's medicine. The bike was rusty and squeaked at every turn, but Dad never complained. One winter, the bike broke down completely. I offered to lend him my savings to buy a new one, but he refused, saying the old one still had 'character'. That night, I heard him in the garage, hammer in hand, fixing it until midnight. The next morning, the bike shone, though a little bent. Years later, when Dad was gone, I found the bike in the garage, the handlebar still warm from his hands in my memory. I finally understood: he had not kept the bike for its value, but because fixing it was how he told us he was there, quietly, every day. Love, I learned, is often the things left unsaid. 【题目】 1. What did the father do with the broken bike? A. Threw it away B. Bought a new one C. Fixed it himself at night D. Asked the son to repair it 2. Why did the father refuse to buy a new bike? A. He was too poor B. He said the old one had 'character' C. The son needed the money D. The medicine was cheap 3. What can we infer about the father's love? A. It was shown by words B. It was quiet and expressed through actions C. He did not care about family D. He preferred the new bike 4. What does the underlined word 'rusty' most probably mean? A. Shiny and new B. Covered with rust; old C. Very fast D. Expensive 【深度讲解】 答案速查：1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题 · 答案：C · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：I heard him in the garage, hammer in hand, fixing it until midnight · 同义替换：fixing it until midnight → 修到半夜 · 解析：原文‘他在车库里拿锤子修到半夜’，C 正确。A 扔掉、B 买新的（他拒绝买新）、D 让儿子修均与原文相反。 · 技巧：动作细节题定位‘主语+动词’：本题主语是 father，找 he ... fixing，排除把动作安到 son 的干扰项。 ▍第 2 题 · 答案：B · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：he refused, saying the old one still had 'character' · 同义替换：still had 'character' → 还有‘品格/味道’ · 解析：父亲原话‘老车还有性格’，故选 B。A 太穷、C 儿子需钱、D 药便宜原文均未说，属无中生有。 · 技巧：拒绝/原因题抓 saying / because 后的原话；勿用‘常识脑补’(以为穷)替代原文依据。 ▍第 3 题 · 答案：B · 题型：推理判断 · 定位：fixing it was how he told us he was there, quietly, every day · 同义替换：quietly, every day → 每天默默地在（推进一步） · 解析：尾段点明父亲用‘每天默默修理’表达‘他在’——爱是行动而非言语。A 用言语、C 不关心、D 喜欢新车均与文意相反。 · 技巧：infer 题找尾段感悟句；本文 Love is often the things left unsaid 是主旨，B 是其同义推断。 ▍第 4 题 · 答案：B · 题型：词义猜测 · 定位：The bike was rusty and squeaked at every turn · 同义替换：squeaked at every turn → 每转都吱呀响（锈的特征） · 解析：后文‘每转都吱呀响’及‘old blue bicycle’提示 rusty 指‘生锈的、旧的’。A 新亮、C 快、D 贵均不符。 · 技巧：猜词看并列描写：rusty 与 squeaked(吱呀)/old 并列，共同刻画‘破旧’，形成词义网。 【解题技巧延伸】 【亲情/沉默的爱类解题延伸】这类文‘物=情感载体’(本文旧自行车)，父亲的‘拒绝言语+默默行动’是标志。推理题常问‘爱以何种方式表达’，答案必落‘actions / quietly / unsaid’；猜词多考物的状态( rusty/bent)。 【词汇积累】（本篇高频词） rusty　adj. 生锈的 hammer　n. 锤子 squeak　v. 吱呀响 bent　adj. 弯曲的 complain　v. 抱怨 handlebar　n. 车把 savings　n. 积蓄 memory　n. 记忆 character　n. 特性；品格 value　n. 价值 garage　n. 车库 unsaid　adj. 未说出的 【同义替换积累】（B 篇答案多为原文同义转换或合理推断，务必熟记） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 had 'character' 有‘性格/味道’ fixing it until midnight 修到半夜 still warm from his hands 仿佛还留有他手的温度 things left unsaid 未说出口的事 【实用短语】（可迁移到写作与完形） · pick up 接（人/物） · break down 出故障 · lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 · refuse to 拒绝做 · fix it 修理它 · in one's memory 在某人记忆里 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项训练 4 · 友谊的修复 —————————————————————————————————————— 【原文】 Leo and Sam had been best friends since primary school, until the day they argued over a school project. Sam accused Leo of copying his idea, and Leo, proud and angry, shouted that Sam was just jealous. They stopped talking for a month. In class, they sat on opposite sides; at lunch, they ate alone. Leo missed the easy laughter they used to share. One afternoon, he found Sam's notebook left in the library, filled with their old jokes. Leo realized how silly the fight was. He returned the notebook with a note: 'I'm sorry. You were right about the project.' Sam read it and smiled. The next day, they walked home together as if nothing had happened. Leo learned that friendship is not about never fighting, but about being the first to say sorry. 【题目】 1. What caused the argument between Leo and Sam? A. A game they played B. A school project C. A lost notebook D. Different schools 2. How did Leo feel during the month of silence? A. Angry with Sam B. He missed their friendship C. Happy to be alone D. Jealous of Sam 3. What does the underlined word 'jealous' most probably mean? A. Proud B. Envious; wanting what others have C. Sleepy D. Helpful 4. What lesson did Leo learn? A. Never work on projects B. Friendship means being first to apologize C. Avoid making friends D. Win every argument 【深度讲解】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题 · 答案：B · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：they argued over a school project · 同义替换：argued over a school project → 因一个学校项目争吵 · 解析：原文‘他们因一个学校项目争吵’，B 正确。A 游戏、C 笔记本(是后来捡到)、D 不同学校均非起因。 · 技巧：问‘起因’找 argued over / because of / about 后的名词；注意区分‘起因(project)’与‘后续事件(notebook)’。 ▍第 2 题 · 答案：B · 题型：推理判断 · 定位：Leo missed the easy laughter they used to share · 同义替换：missed the easy laughter → 怀念从前轻松的笑声（推进一步） · 解析：原文‘Leo 怀念他们往日轻松的笑’，可知他思念友谊。A 仍生气、C 乐于独处、D 嫉妒均与‘missed’相反。 · 技巧：情感态度题找情绪动词(miss/regret/moved)；missed 直接指向‘珍视友谊’，是推断依据。 ▍第 3 题 · 答案：B · 题型：词义猜测 · 定位：Sam was just jealous ... Leo, proud and angry · 同义替换：proud and angry 并列 → jealous 为负面情绪词 · 解析：Leo 愤怒中说 Sam‘嫉妒’，jealous 指‘嫉妒、羡慕(他人所有)’。A 骄傲、C 困、D 有帮助均不符愤怒语境。 · 技巧：猜词看情感色彩与并列：jealous 与 proud/angry 同属争执中的负面评价词，指向‘嫉妒’。 ▍第 4 题 · 答案：B · 题型：主旨大意 · 定位：friendship is not about never fighting, but about being the first to say sorry · 同义替换：being the first to say sorry → 先做道歉的人 · 解析：结尾点明‘友谊不在于不争吵，而在于抢先说对不起’，B 正确。A/C/D 均曲解主旨。 · 技巧：寓意题锁定尾段 lessons/learned that 后的句子；本文 but about ... 后半句即核心。 【解题技巧延伸】 【友谊/误会类解题延伸】此类‘争吵—冷战—和解’结构清晰：转折点常是‘一个物件/一句话’(本文 notebook+note)。主旨多在结尾‘友谊的真谛’句；推理题问‘感受’时，missed/regretted 是关键词。 【词汇积累】（本篇高频词） argue　v. 争吵 joke　n. 玩笑 accuse　v. 指责 silly　adj. 愚蠢的 jealous　adj. 嫉妒的 return　v. 归还 proud　adj. 骄傲的 apologize　v. 道歉 opposite　adj. 对面的 laughter　n. 笑声 notebook　n. 笔记本 friendship　n. 友谊 【同义替换积累】（B 篇答案多为原文同义转换或合理推断，务必熟记） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 argued over 为…争吵 stopped talking 不再说话 as if nothing had happened 好像什么都没发生 the first to say sorry 第一个说对不起的人 【实用短语】（可迁移到写作与完形） · best friends 最好的朋友 · accuse sb. of 指责某人… · stop talking 不再说话 · used to 过去常常 · return the notebook 归还笔记本 · walk home together 一起走回家 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项训练 5 · 坚持与梦想 —————————————————————————————————————— 【原文】 Emma played the violin in the subway station every morning before work. Most passengers hurried past, some dropping coins, few stopping to listen. A talent agent once told her she was 'not special enough' to perform on a real stage. Emma felt crushed, but she kept playing, because the music was hers. One winter morning, a famous conductor stepped off the train and paused. He listened for the whole piece, then asked for her name. Three months later, Emma stood on a grand concert stage, the same violin in her hand. Looking at the silent hall, she remembered the agent's words and smiled. She had not become 'special' by changing her music; she had become special by refusing to stop. 【题目】 1. How did most passengers react to Emma's playing? A. They all stopped to listen B. They hurried past, few listening C. They complained loudly D. They invited her to concerts 2. What does the underlined word 'crushed' most probably mean? A. Physically broken B. Deeply discouraged; upset C. Very happy D. Excited 3. What can we infer about the conductor? A. He disliked the music B. He recognized Emma's talent and helped her C. He was Emma's old friend D. He reported her to the police 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Subways are noisy B. Talent agents are always wrong C. Specialness comes from perseverance, not changing yourself D. Violins are expensive 【深度讲解】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C ▍第 1 题 · 答案：B · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：Most passengers hurried past, some dropping coins, few stopping to listen · 同义替换：hurried past, few stopping → 匆匆走过，很少听 · 解析：原文‘多数乘客匆匆走过，少有驻足’，B 正确。A 都停下、C 大声抱怨、D 邀演均与原文相反。 · 技巧：群体反应题看 most / few / some 等量化词；本题 most hurried past + few stopping 是定位关键。 ▍第 2 题 · 答案：B · 题型：词义猜测 · 定位：Emma felt crushed, but she kept playing · 同义替换：but she kept playing → 虽受挫仍坚持（反衬 crushed 为打击） · 解析：经纪人否定她后她‘感到 crushed 但仍坚持’，crushed 指‘极度沮丧/受挫’。A 物理破碎、C 开心、D 兴奋均不符。 · 技巧：猜词看转折：felt crushed, but kept playing 中 but 暗示 crushed 是负面、需‘坚持’克服的情绪。 ▍第 3 题 · 答案：B · 题型：推理判断 · 定位：a famous conductor ... asked for her name ... Emma stood on a grand concert stage · 同义替换：asked for her name → 记下名字（推进一步：赏识并提携） · 解析： conductor 听完要名字，三月后 Emma 登上大舞台，可推他赏识并助其成名。A 不喜欢、C 老友、D 报警均荒谬。 · 技巧：infer 题把‘要名字’与‘后文登台’串联：中间隐含‘引荐/提携’，是合理推断而非过度。 ▍第 4 题 · 答案：C · 题型：主旨大意 · 定位：she had become special by refusing to stop · 同义替换：by refusing to stop → 因不放弃而变得特别 · 解析：尾句点明‘她因拒绝停止而变得特别’，即坚持成就特别。A 地铁吵、B 经纪全错、D 琴贵均非主旨。 · 技巧：主旨题抓结尾 not by ... but by ... 结构；but by refusing to stop 即‘坚持’主题。 【解题技巧延伸】 【梦想/坚持类解题延伸】此类‘被否定—仍坚持—终被认可’是经典励志母题。转折词(but/crushed but kept)是猜词与推断的支点；主旨恒在‘坚持而非改变自我’，尾句题眼。 【词汇积累】（本篇高频词） violin　n. 小提琴 pause　v. 驻足 passenger　n. 乘客 grand　adj. 盛大的 talent　n. 天赋 hall　n. 大厅 agent　n. 经纪人 stage　n. 舞台 crushed　adj. 极度沮丧的 refuse　v. 拒绝 conductor　n. 指挥 perseverance　n. 坚持 【同义替换积累】（B 篇答案多为原文同义转换或合理推断，务必熟记） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 not special enough 不够特别 hurried past 匆匆走过 kept playing 继续演奏 by refusing to stop 因拒绝停下（坚持） 【实用短语】（可迁移到写作与完形） · play the violin 拉小提琴 · drop coins 投硬币 · step off the train 下火车 · listen for the whole piece · stand on the stage 站在舞台上 · refuse to stop 拒绝停下 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项训练 6 · 原谅 —————————————————————————————————————— 【原文】 Anna spent a week painting a picture for the school art show. She loved every brushstroke. Then her little brother Tim, curious and clumsy, tore a corner of it while she was at school. When Anna saw the damage, she screamed and called him stupid. Tim cried. Their mother comforted both, but Anna stayed angry for days. That night, Anna found a note under her door: Tim had drawn a small sun on a new paper, writing 'I am sorry. I made this for you.' Anna looked at the torn picture, then at Tim's clumsy sun. She realized her anger was bigger than the tear. The next morning, she hugged Tim and taped the sun onto her painting. The show's visitors smiled at the little sun. Anna learned that forgiveness is a kind of art, too. 【题目】 1. What did Tim do to Anna's painting? A. He finished it B. He tore a corner of it C. He hid it D. He framed it 2. How did Anna first react? A. She forgave him at once B. She screamed and called him stupid C. She laughed D. She ignored it 3. What does the underlined word 'clumsy' most probably mean? A. Skillful B. Awkward; lacking skill C. Careful D. Smart 4. What did Anna learn in the end? A. Art shows are boring B. Forgiveness is also a kind of art C. Brothers are useless D. Tearing is fun 【深度讲解】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题 · 答案：B · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：Tim ... tore a corner of it while she was at school · 同义替换：tore a corner → 撕掉了一角 · 解析：原文‘Tim 在她上学时撕掉画的一角’，B 正确。A 完成、C 藏起、D 装框均非所为之事。 · 技巧：动作题定位主语 Tim + 动词 tore；注意‘while she was at school’说明是无意(clumsy/curious)。 ▍第 2 题 · 答案：B · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：she screamed and called him stupid · 同义替换：screamed and called him stupid → 尖叫并骂他笨 · 解析：原文‘她尖叫并骂他蠢’，B 正确。A 立刻原谅(是后文)、C 笑、D 无视均与首反应相反。 · 技巧：问‘最初反应’抓 first/react 后的动作；本文先愤怒、后原谅，时间顺序不可颠倒。 ▍第 3 题 · 答案：B · 题型：词义猜测 · 定位：curious and clumsy, tore a corner · 同义替换：tore a corner (无意撕破) → 笨手笨脚 · 解析：Tim 因‘好奇又笨手笨脚’才撕破，clumsy 指‘笨拙、不灵巧’。A 熟练、C 小心、D 聪明均与‘撕破’矛盾。 · 技巧：猜词看因果：clumsy 导致 tore，显为‘不灵活’；curious and clumsy 并列刻画小孩特质。 ▍第 4 题 · 答案：B · 题型：主旨大意 · 定位：Anna learned that forgiveness is a kind of art, too · 同义替换：forgiveness is a kind of art → 原谅也是一种艺术 · 解析：结尾点明‘原谅也是一种艺术’，B 正确。A 画展无聊、C 兄弟无用、D 撕画有趣均曲解。 · 技巧：寓意题锁定 learned that 后的句子；本文把 forgiveness 与 art 类比，是‘物=寓意’母题。 【解题技巧延伸】 【原谅/和解类解题延伸】此类‘无意破坏—愤怒—被真诚道歉打动—原谅’中，弟弟的‘小太阳’是和解象征。主旨常把抽象品质(forgiveness)与具体事物(art)类比；推断题问‘变化’，看 anger→hug 的情感弧线。 【词汇积累】（本篇高频词） brushstroke　n. 笔触 comfort　v. 安慰 curious　adj. 好奇的 tape　v. 用胶带贴 clumsy　adj. 笨拙的 forgiveness　n. 原谅 tear　v. 撕 visitor　n. 参观者 damage　n. 损坏 hug　v. 拥抱 scream　v. 尖叫 anger　n. 愤怒 【同义替换积累】（B 篇答案多为原文同义转换或合理推断，务必熟记） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 tore a corner 撕掉一角 stayed angry 保持生气 bigger than the tear 比那道口子还大 a kind of art 一种艺术 【实用短语】（可迁移到写作与完形） · spend a week painting 花一周作画 · call sb. stupid 骂某人蠢 · comfort both 安慰两人 · under one's door 在门底下 · tape onto 用胶带贴到…上 · learn that 认识到… —————————————————————————————————————— 专项训练 7 · 诚实 —————————————————————————————————————— 【原文】 On his way home, Ben found a wallet on the pavement, thick with cash and a gold card. His heart beat fast—he could buy the bicycle he had wanted for years. But the owner's ID showed an old man's name and address. Ben imagined the man's panic when he found it missing. He shook his head, walked to the address, and rang the bell. The old man, Mr. Hale, answered with red eyes; he had been searching for an hour. Ben handed back the wallet. Mr. Hale offered a reward, but Ben refused. 'Keep it,' he said, 'it was yours.' That night, Ben slept better than he had in months. He understood that the bicycle could wait, but his honesty could not. 【题目】 1. What was in the wallet Ben found? A. Only coins B. Cash and a gold card C. A bicycle D. Mr. Hale's photo only 2. Why did Ben return the wallet? A. He was afraid of police B. He imagined the owner's panic and chose honesty C. Mr. Hale offered much money D. The wallet was ugly 3. What does the underlined word 'panic' most probably mean? A. Great fear or worry B. Happiness C. Sleep D. Anger 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Cash is important B. Honesty matters more than desires C. Old men are careless D. Bicycles are expensive 【深度讲解】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B ▍第 1 题 · 答案：B · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：thick with cash and a gold card · 同义替换：cash and a gold card → 现金和一张金卡 · 解析：原文‘满是现金和一张金卡’，B 正确。A 仅硬币、C 自行车(是 Ben 想要非拾得)、D 仅照片均错。 · 技巧：‘包含物’细节题定位 thick with / filled with 后的并列名词；勿把‘想要之物’当‘拾得之物’。 ▍第 2 题 · 答案：B · 题型：推理判断 · 定位：He imagined the man's panic ... Ben handed back the wallet · 同义替换：imagined the man's panic → 共情失主焦虑（推进一步） · 解析：Ben 想到老人发现丢失会惊慌，遂归还，体现诚实与共情。A 怕警察、C 为赏金、D 钱包丑均不符文意。 · 技巧：infer 题看‘心理活动+行为’：imagined panic → returned 串联出‘诚实动机’，是合理推断。 ▍第 3 题 · 答案：A · 题型：词义猜测 · 定位：imagined the man's panic when he found it missing · 同义替换：when he found it missing → 发现丢失时的慌乱 · 解析：丢失钱包时的 panic 指‘惊慌/极度担忧’。B 开心、C 睡、D 怒均与‘丢失’情境相反。 · 技巧：猜词看情境：found it missing(丢失)自然引发 panic，属‘丢失→慌乱’常识链。 ▍第 4 题 · 答案：B · 题型：主旨大意 · 定位：the bicycle could wait, but his honesty could not · 同义替换：honesty could not (wait) → 诚实不能等（重于欲望） · 解析：结尾‘自行车可等，诚实不能’，主旨是诚实重于欲望。A 现金重要、C 老人粗心、D 车贵均非中心。 · 技巧：主旨题抓结尾对比句 not ... but / could wait, but ... could not；but 后‘honesty’即主题。 【解题技巧延伸】 【诚实/品德类解题延伸】此类‘拾金—内心挣扎—归还’重点在‘欲望 vs 品德’的对比。主旨句几乎都是结尾的‘XX could wait, but honesty/integrity could not’；推断题看‘共情想象’推动行为。 【词汇积累】（本篇高频词） pavement　n. 人行道 reward　n. 报酬 wallet　n. 钱包 refuse　v. 拒绝 thick　adj. 厚的；满满的 honesty　n. 诚实 cash　n. 现金 owner　n. 失主 ID　n. 身份证 address　n. 地址 panic　n. 惊慌 ring the bell　按门铃 【同义替换积累】（B 篇答案多为原文同义转换或合理推断，务必熟记） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 thick with cash 满是现金 the man's panic 那人的慌乱 offered a reward 主动给酬谢 honesty could not (wait) 诚实不能（等） 【实用短语】（可迁移到写作与完形） · on one's way home 在回家路上 · find a wallet 捡到钱包 · beat fast 急速跳动 · hand back 归还 · offer a reward 提供酬谢 · sleep better 睡得更好 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项训练 8 · 自然与成长（夹叙夹议） —————————————————————————————————————— 【原文】 When Lily was eight, her grandfather planted a small oak in the garden and said, 'Watch it grow with you.' Lily watered it every spring. Years passed; the oak grew tall, and so did Lily. At twelve, she read under its shade. At eighteen, she left for college, promising to return. One summer, a storm broke a large branch. Lily, now home from college, saw the jagged wound and feared the tree would not survive another winter. She called the old gardener, who arrived with his saw and a calm smile. 'A tree that lives through storms,' he said, 'grows deeper roots than one spared every wind.' He trimmed the broken limb, painted the cut, and left. That autumn the oak dropped its leaves and, in spring, burst with more green than before. Lily stood beneath it, finally understanding her grandfather: the tree was a quiet measure of time, of patience, of things that outlast us. Like the oak, she thought, people are shaped less by calm weather than by the storms they endure. Whenever life later broke a branch in her, she remembered the tree—and chose to stand firmer. 【题目】 1. What did the gardener say about trees that survive storms? A. They grow deeper roots B. They die faster C. They stop growing D. They need no care 2. What does the underlined word 'jagged' most probably mean? A. Smooth and even B. Rough and uneven; notched C. Very small D. Hidden 3. What can we infer about Lily's feeling toward the tree? A. She wanted to cut it down B. She saw it as a record of time shared with her grandfather C. She forgot her grandfather D. She thought it useless 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Storms are dangerous B. People grow through hardship like trees through storms C. Gardening is easy D. Oaks are the best trees 【深度讲解】 答案速查：1.A 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题 · 答案：A · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：A tree that lives through storms ... grows deeper roots · 同义替换：grows deeper roots → 长出更深的根 · 解析：园丁原话‘经历风暴的树比总被庇护的树根更深’，A 正确。B 死得快、C 停止生长、D 不需照料均与原文相反。 · 技巧：引语细节题抓 gardener said 后的直接引语；deeper roots 是核心名词，直接对应选项。 ▍第 2 题 · 答案：B · 题型：词义猜测 · 定位：saw the jagged wound ... a storm broke a large branch · 同义替换：broke a large branch → 断枝造成的参差伤口 · 解析：风暴折断大枝，留下的 wound(伤口)是 jagged，指‘粗糙、参差不齐的’。A 平滑、C 很小、D 隐藏均不符‘断枝’语境。 · 技巧：猜词看因果与邻近词：broke a branch 造成 jagged wound，属‘破损→参差不齐’词义链。 ▍第 3 题 · 答案：B · 题型：推理判断 · 定位：the tree was a quiet measure of time ... things that outlast us · 同义替换：measure of time ... outlast us → 见证时光与亲情（推进一步） · 解析：Lily 领悟树是‘时光与亲情的度量’，B 正确。A 砍树、C 遗忘祖父、D 无用均与‘stand beneath it / understanding’相反。 · 技巧：infer 题找尾段感悟：measure of time + outlast us 指向‘情感载体’，是合理推断。 ▍第 4 题 · 答案：B · 题型：主旨大意 · 定位：people are shaped less by calm weather than by the storms they endure · 同义替换：shaped by the storms they endure → 由所承受的风暴塑造 · 解析：结尾点明‘人更少被晴好天气、更多被所经风暴塑造’，即逆境促人成长。A 风暴危险、C 园艺易、D 橡树最好均非中心。 · 技巧：夹叙夹议主旨常落结尾比喻句；storms 喻‘逆境’，shaped 喻‘成长’，选含此意象的主旨项。 【解题技巧延伸】 【自然/成长类解题延伸】此类‘物随人长’母题，树/花/动物常是‘时间+亲情+成长’三重象征。主旨句在尾段比喻（people shaped by storms）；猜词多考自然状态词(jagged/firm)，看‘破损/稳固’对比。 【词汇积累】（本篇高频词） oak　n. 橡树 gardener　n. 园丁 plant　v. 种植 trim　v. 修剪 shade　n. 树荫 survive　v. 幸存 storm　n. 风暴 patience　n. 耐心 branch　n. 树枝 endure　v. 忍受；经受 jagged　adj. 参差不齐的 firm　adj. 坚定的 【同义替换积累】（B 篇答案多为原文同义转换或合理推断，务必熟记） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 grow with you 伴你一起成长 deeper roots 更深的根 a quiet measure of time 静默的时光度量 stand firmer 站得更稳 【实用短语】（可迁移到写作与完形） · plant a tree 种一棵树 · watch it grow 看着它长大 · read under the shade 在树荫下读书 · break a branch 折断树枝 · grow deeper roots 长出更深的根 · stand firmer 站得更稳 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项训练 9 · 责任（成长） —————————————————————————————————————— 【原文】 Cara, fifteen, was proud when the neighbors trusted her to babysit their two-year-old son, Theo. The first hour went well; Theo slept, and Cara scrolled her phone. Then a friend called, begging her to come out for ice cream. 'Just five minutes,' Cara thought, and slipped out, leaving the baby monitor on. Minutes later she heard crying through the phone—Theo had woken and rolled off the sofa, bruising his forehead. Cara ran back, heart pounding. She could have hidden it, but instead told Theo's parents the truth, apologizing with tears. They were upset, yet forgave her when she promised to never leave a child alone. That night Cara wrote in her diary: responsibility is not a word; it is staying when you would rather leave. 【题目】 1. Why did Cara leave Theo alone? A. Theo's parents told her to B. A friend called and she stepped out briefly C. She disliked the baby D. Theo asked her to go 2. What does the underlined word 'bruising' most probably mean? A. Cleaning B. Getting a mark from a blow C. Sleeping D. Smiling 3. What can we infer about Cara after the accident? A. She hid the truth B. She told the truth and took responsibility C. She blamed the friend D. She never babysat again 4. What did Cara learn about responsibility? A. It is just a word B. It means staying when you would rather leave C. It is easy D. It is for parents only 【深度讲解】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题 · 答案：B · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：a friend called, begging her to come out ... Cara thought, and slipped out · 同义替换：a friend called ... slipped out → 朋友来电，她溜出去 · 解析：原文‘朋友来电邀她出去，她想就五分钟便溜走’，B 正确。A 父母要求、C 讨厌婴儿、D 婴儿要求均非原因。 · 技巧：问‘原因’找 called / thought / slipped out 链；注意‘five minutes’是她自己的借口，非父母许可。 ▍第 2 题 · 答案：B · 题型：词义猜测 · 定位：rolled off the sofa, bruising his forehead · 同义替换：rolled off the sofa → 从沙发滚落（撞出淤青） · 解析：Theo 滚下沙发，forehead(额头) bruising 指‘撞出淤青/伤痕’。A 清洁、C 睡、D 笑均不符跌落情境。 · 技巧：猜词看动作结果：rolled off sofa 导致 bruising，属‘跌落→受伤’常识链。 ▍第 3 题 · 答案：B · 题型：推理判断 · 定位：instead told Theo's parents the truth, apologizing with tears · 同义替换：told the truth, apologizing → 说出实情并道歉（推进一步） · 解析：她本可隐瞒却坦白并流泪道歉，体现担责。A 隐瞒、C 怪朋友、D 再不保姆均与原意相反。 · 技巧：infer 题看‘本可…却…’转折(instead)：could have hidden it, but told the truth 凸显品格。 ▍第 4 题 · 答案：B · 题型：主旨大意 · 定位：responsibility is not a word; it is staying when you would rather leave · 同义替换：staying when you would rather leave → 在想离开时选择留下 · 解析：日记点明‘责任不是词，而是在想离开时留下’，B 正确。A 仅是词、C 容易、D 仅父母均曲解。 · 技巧：寓意题锁日记/learned that 句；not ... but ... 结构 but 后‘staying’即责任真谛。 【解题技巧延伸】 【责任/担当类解题延伸】此类‘受托—一时松懈—出事—担责’中，转折点常是‘坦白与否’的选择。infer 题重点在 instead / could have ... but 的品格凸显；主旨句多为日记式格言，落‘责任=行动’。 【词汇积累】（本篇高频词） babysit　v. 照看小孩 pound　v. 剧烈跳动 trust　v. 信任 apologize　v. 道歉 scroll　v. 刷（手机） upset　adj. 生气的 slip out　溜出去 forgive　v. 原谅 monitor　n. 监视器 responsibility　n. 责任 bruise　v. 撞伤；淤青 diary　n. 日记 【同义替换积累】（B 篇答案多为原文同义转换或合理推断，务必熟记） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 trusted her to 信任她去做 slipped out 溜了出去 told the truth 说出实情 staying when you would rather leave 在想离开时留下 【实用短语】（可迁移到写作与完形） · babysit a child 照看小孩 · scroll one's phone 刷手机 · step out 走出去 · leave alone 留下独处 · apologize with tears 含泪道歉 · never leave alone 绝不单独留下 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项训练 10 · 感恩（迟来的理解） —————————————————————————————————————— 【原文】 In senior high, Grace was a quiet girl who dreaded Mr. Evans's math class. He was strict, returning her neat homework marked 'Redo—careless mistakes.' Grace resented him, muttering that he picked on her. Years later, at university, she faced a problem set no one else could solve. Calmly, she found the error others missed—because Mr. Evans had drilled precision into her. That night she wrote him a letter: 'I once resented your red pen. Now I thank it.' His reply was short: 'A good teacher is measured not by being liked, but by being remembered.' Grace finally understood gratitude often arrives late, after we are ready to see what we were given. 【题目】 1. How did Grace first feel about Mr. Evans? A. She admired him B. She resented his strictness C. She ignored him D. She feared nothing 2. What does the underlined word 'resented' most probably mean? A. Liked B. Felt bitter or angry toward C. Forgot D. Thanked 3. What can we infer about Mr. Evans's teaching? A. It was useless B. It built precision that helped Grace later C. He was unkind on purpose D. He forgot his students 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Math is hard B. Gratitude often comes late, with understanding C. Teachers should be strict D. Homework is boring 【深度讲解】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题 · 答案：B · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：Grace resented him, muttering that he picked on her · 同义替换：resented him → 怨恨他 · 解析：原文‘Grace 怨恨他，嘀咕他刁难自己’，B 正确。A 钦佩、C 无视、D 无所惧均与 resented 相反。 · 技巧：情感首印象题找 resented / dreaded 等词；本文先‘怨恨’后‘感激’，时间线不可混。 ▍第 2 题 · 答案：B · 题型：词义猜测 · 定位：Grace resented him, muttering that he picked on her · 同义替换：muttering he picked on her → 嘀咕他刁难（负面情绪） · 解析：resented 与‘嘀咕被刁难’并列，指‘怨恨、对…不满’。A 喜欢、C 忘记、D 感谢均反义。 · 技巧：猜词看并列与情绪色彩：resented 与 muttering/picked on 同属负面，指向‘怨恨’。 ▍第 3 题 · 答案：B · 题型：推理判断 · 定位：because Mr. Evans had drilled precision into her · 同义替换：drilled precision into her → 把严谨刻进她骨子里（推进一步） · 解析：大学时 Grace 因 Evans 培养的严谨而找出他人漏掉的错误，可推其教学‘重在严谨、受益长远’。A 无用、C 故意刻薄、D 忘记学生均不符。 · 技巧：infer 题把‘当年被退回’与‘日后受益’串联：drilled precision 是隐含的‘严师出高徒’。 ▍第 4 题 · 答案：B · 题型：主旨大意 · 定位：gratitude often arrives late, after we are ready to see what we were given · 同义替换：arrives late → 迟来（主旨：感恩常晚到） · 解析：结尾点明‘感恩常在我们准备好理解后才迟来’，B 正确。A 数学难、C 老师该严、D 作业无聊均非中心。 · 技巧：主旨题抓尾段 gratitude arrives late 主题句；‘迟来的感恩’是本文核心意象。 【解题技巧延伸】 【感恩/师生类解题延伸】此类‘当年厌—日后谢’反转，主旨必落‘迟来的理解/感恩’。情感词(dread/resent→thank)构成弧线；推断题看‘当年要求’与‘日后受益’的因果链。 【词汇积累】（本篇高频词） dread　v. 害怕；畏惧 precision　n. 严谨；精确 strict　adj. 严厉的 drill　v. 反复训练 redo　v. 重做 gratitude　n. 感恩 careless　adj. 粗心的 measure　v. 衡量 resent　v. 怨恨 arrive　v. 到来 mutter　v. 嘀咕 ready　adj. 准备好的 【同义替换积累】（B 篇答案多为原文同义转换或合理推断，务必熟记） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 dreaded his class 害怕他的课 Redo—careless mistakes 重做——粗心的错误 drilled precision 把严谨刻进骨子里 measured not by being liked 不以被喜欢来衡量 【实用短语】（可迁移到写作与完形） · dread one's class 害怕某人的课 · return homework 退回作业 · pick on 刁难 · face a problem set 面对一题习题集 · write a letter 写一封信 · be measured by 以…来衡量 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项训练 11 · 逆境成长 —————————————————————————————————————— 【原文】 When the family shop closed, Daniel, sixteen, watched his father sit silent for days. The bills piled up, and his mother took night shifts. Daniel did not complain; instead, he found two part-time jobs—delivering newspapers at dawn and washing dishes after school. Sleep became a luxury, yet his grades held. One evening a teacher noticed his tiredness and asked why. Daniel simply said, 'My family needs me now.' The teacher nominated him for a scholarship, and Daniel won it. Standing on the stage, he thought of his father's silence and understood: hardship had not broken him; it had shown him how steady he could be. 【题目】 1. What did Daniel do after the shop closed? A. He quit school B. He took two part-time jobs to help C. He complained a lot D. He left home 2. What does the underlined word 'luxury' most probably mean? A. Something rare and precious B. A common thing C. A job D. A bill 3. What can we infer about Daniel's character? A. He was lazy B. He was responsible and steady under pressure C. He cared only for grades D. He ignored his family 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Shops always fail B. Hardship can reveal one's strength C. Scholarships are easy D. Night shifts are good 【深度讲解】 答案速查：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题 · 答案：B · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：he found two part-time jobs—delivering newspapers ... washing dishes · 同义替换：two part-time jobs → 两份兼职 · 解析：原文‘他找了两份兼职：清晨送报、放学洗碗’，B 正确。A 辍学、C 常抱怨(他没抱怨)、D 离家均错。 · 技巧：动作细节题定位 instead / found jobs 后的并列内容；注意‘did not complain’排除抱怨项。 ▍第 2 题 · 答案：A · 题型：词义猜测 · 定位：Sleep became a luxury, yet his grades held · 同义替换：Sleep became a luxury → 睡眠成了奢侈（难得） · 解析：他打两份工，睡眠‘成了 luxury’，指‘稀少而珍贵之物’。B 普通、C 工作、D 账单均不符‘难得’意。 · 技巧：猜词看对比：忙碌→sleep rare→luxury，即‘稀缺即奢侈’，语境推导。 ▍第 3 题 · 答案：B · 题型：推理判断 · 定位：hardship had not broken him; it had shown him how steady he could be · 同义替换：how steady he could be → 他能有多稳（推进一步） · 解析：结尾说他‘未被击垮，反显沉稳’，可知其有责任、抗压。A 懒、C 只重成绩、D 无视家人皆反。 · 技巧：infer 题看尾段人物评价词(steady/broken)；‘not broken but steady’是品格推断支点。 ▍第 4 题 · 答案：B · 题型：主旨大意 · 定位：hardship had not broken him; it had shown him how steady he could be · 同义替换：hardship ... shown him how steady → 逆境显出其沉稳 · 解析：全文讲困境未击垮他、反显力量，B 正确。A 店必败、C 奖学金易、D 夜班好均非中心。 · 技巧：主旨题抓 hardship ... shown ... steady 的‘逆境—成长’结构，选含‘strength/reveal’项。 【解题技巧延伸】 【逆境/责任类解题延伸】此类‘家庭变故—少年扛责—获奖/成长’中，人物评价词(steady/responsible)是推断核心。猜词多考抽象名词(luxury)；主旨恒为‘逆境显力量’，尾段题眼。 【词汇积累】（本篇高频词） close　v. 关闭 luxury　n. 奢侈；难得之事 bill　n. 账单 nominate　v. 提名 shift　n. 轮班 scholarship　n. 奖学金 complain　v. 抱怨 tiredness　n. 疲惫 deliver　v. 投递 hardship　n. 困境 dawn　n. 黎明 steady　adj. 沉稳的 【同义替换积累】（B 篇答案多为原文同义转换或合理推断，务必熟记） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 piled up 堆积起来 sleep became a luxury 睡眠成了奢侈 his grades held 成绩保住了 how steady he could be 他能有多沉稳 【实用短语】（可迁移到写作与完形） · take night shifts 上夜班 · find part-time jobs 找兼职 · deliver newspapers 送报纸 · wash dishes 洗碗 · nominate for 提名… · win a scholarship 获得奖学金 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项训练 12 · 陌生人的温暖 —————————————————————————————————————— 【原文】 Mia, a new student, failed her first math test and felt like giving up. She sat crying on the stairs when Mr. Benson, the elderly neighbor next door, noticed. He was a retired teacher. 'Math is like a ladder,' he said gently, 'you climb one step at a time.' Every afternoon that term, he sat with her at his small table, patient through her mistakes, never rushing. Slowly Mia's scores rose, and so did her confidence. On the last day of school, she brought him a drawing of a ladder. 'Thank you,' she said, 'for every step.' Mr. Benson smiled; he had given her not just answers, but the belief that she could climb. Mia learned that a stranger's kindness, given without reward, can change a life. 【题目】 1. How did Mr. Benson help Mia? A. He paid her fees B. He tutored her patiently every afternoon C. He did her homework D. He scolded her 2. What does the underlined word 'retired' most probably mean? A. Still working B. No longer working; former C. Angry D. Rich 3. What can we infer about Mia's change? A. She stayed hopeless B. She gained confidence through his help C. She hated math more D. She moved away 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Math is easy B. A stranger's free kindness can change a life C. Stairs are useful D. Tests are unfair 【深度讲解】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题 · 答案：B · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：Every afternoon that term, he sat with her ... patient through her mistakes · 同义替换：patient through her mistakes → 耐心陪她改错 · 解析：原文‘那学期每天下午他陪她、耐心对待她的错误’，B 正确。A 付学费、C 代写作业、D 责骂均错。 · 技巧：帮助方式题定位 every afternoon / patient；注意‘陪练而非代写’是正向细节。 ▍第 2 题 · 答案：B · 题型：词义猜测 · 定位：He was a retired teacher ... sat with her at his small table · 同义替换：retired teacher → 退休教师（有空陪她） · 解析：后文他每天下午在家陪 Mia，可知 retired 指‘退休的、不再工作的’。A 在职、C 生气、D 富有均不符。 · 技巧：猜词看行为线索：能‘每天下午在家’,说明已退休，retired=former teacher。 ▍第 3 题 · 答案：B · 题型：推理判断 · 定位：Slowly Mia's scores rose, and so did her confidence · 同义替换：scores rose, confidence rose → 成绩与自信同升（推进一步） · 解析：原文‘成绩升、自信也升’，可推她通过帮助重获信心。A 绝望、C 更恨数学、D 搬走均反。 · 技巧：infer 题看并列变化(scores rose, confidence rose)；‘双升’即成长推断。 ▍第 4 题 · 答案：B · 题型：主旨大意 · 定位：a stranger's kindness, given without reward, can change a life · 同义替换：without reward, can change a life → 无回报的善意能改变人生 · 解析：结尾点明‘陌生人不求回报的善意能改变人生’，B 正确。A 数学易、C 楼梯有用、D 考试不公均非中心。 · 技巧：主旨题抓尾段 without reward / change a life；‘陌生人善意’是本文核心意象。 【解题技巧延伸】 【陌生人温暖/信心类解题延伸】此类‘受挫—被无偿相助—重燃信心’中，比喻(ladder/step)常是标题与主旨来源。推断题看‘成绩+自信’双升；主旨句多为‘陌生人的善意改变人生’。 【词汇积累】（本篇高频词） fail　v. 不及格 rush　v. 催促 retired　adj. 退休的 confidence　n. 自信 ladder　n. 梯子 belief　n. 信念 gently　adv. 温和地 reward　n. 回报 climb　v. 爬；攀登 stranger　n. 陌生人 patient　adj. 耐心的 kindness　n. 善意 【同义替换积累】（B 篇答案多为原文同义转换或合理推断，务必熟记） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 felt like giving up 想要放弃 one step at a time 一次一步 patient through mistakes 耐心对待错误 without reward 不求回报 【实用短语】（可迁移到写作与完形） · fail a test 测验不及格 · give up 放弃 · sit crying 坐着哭 · climb one step · rise slowly 慢慢提升 · change a life 改变人生 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项训练 13 · 文化理解 —————————————————————————————————————— 【原文】 Lin, an exchange student from China, found American classrooms confusing. When her classmate Jake said, 'Your essay is weak,' she felt insulted and avoided him for weeks. In China, such blunt words, even if true, felt rude. One evening her host mother explained: 'Here, directness is not disrespect; it is how people show honesty and save time.' Lin listened, then asked Jake to explain his comment. He did, kindly, pointing out two real flaws she could fix. They became friends. Lin wrote in her blog: culture is not right or wrong; it is a different lens, and misunderstanding fades once we learn to look through it. 【题目】 1. Why did Lin avoid Jake? A. He was mean on purpose B. She felt insulted by his blunt words C. He ignored her D. She disliked Americans 2. What does the underlined word 'blunt' most probably mean? A. Soft and polite B. Direct and plain, sometimes seeming rude C. False D. Quiet 3. What can we infer about the host mother? A. She defended Jake's rudeness B. She helped Lin understand the cultural difference C. She disliked Lin D. She agreed Jake was wrong 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Americans are rude B. Cultural difference needs understanding, not judgment C. Essays are hard D. Blogs are useful 【深度讲解】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题 · 答案：B · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：she felt insulted and avoided him for weeks · 同义替换：felt insulted → 感到被冒犯 · 解析：原文‘她觉得被冒犯，几周不理 Jake’，B 正确。A 他故意刻薄(后文他善意)、C 他无视、D 讨厌美国人皆错。 · 技巧：问‘回避原因’找 felt insulted / avoided 链；注意后文揭示 Jake 非恶意。 ▍第 2 题 · 答案：B · 题型：词义猜测 · 定位：such blunt words, even if true, felt rude · 同义替换：even if true, felt rude → 即便真实也显生硬 · 解析：host mother 说 directness 非不敬，可知 blunt 指‘直率、不加修饰、有时显粗鲁’。A 委婉、C 假、D 安静均反。 · 技巧：猜词看同义复现：blunt 与后文 directness 同义，且‘even if true, felt rude’点明特质。 ▍第 3 题 · 答案：B · 题型：推理判断 · 定位：her host mother explained: 'Here, directness is not disrespect' · 同义替换：explained directness is not disrespect → 解释文化差异（推进一步） · 解析：寄宿妈妈向 Lin 解释‘直率非不敬’，帮她跨越文化误解，B 正确。A 辩护粗鲁、C 讨厌 Lin、D 认同 Jake 错均偏。 · 技巧：infer 题看解释性话语的作用：host mother 的 explained 是‘文化桥梁’功能，合理推断。 ▍第 4 题 · 答案：B · 题型：主旨大意 · 定位：culture is not right or wrong; it is a different lens · 同义替换：a different lens → 不同的视角（需理解而非评判） · 解析：博客点明‘文化无对错，只是不同镜头，理解后误会消散’，B 正确。A 美国人粗鲁、C 文章难、D 博客有用均非中心。 · 技巧：主旨题抓 culture is not right or wrong / different lens；‘理解而非评判’是核心。 【解题技巧延伸】 【跨文化理解类解题延伸】此类‘误读言行—解释—和解’重点在‘同行为不同文化含义’。猜词多考态度词(blunt/directness)；主旨句常在博客/感悟‘culture is a different lens’，选‘理解非评判’。 【词汇积累】（本篇高频词） exchange student　交换生 honesty　n. 诚实 confusing　adj. 令人困惑的 flaw　n. 缺点 insult　v. 冒犯 host mother　寄宿妈妈 blunt　adj. 直率的 lens　n. 镜头；视角 disrespect　n. 不敬 fade　v. 消散 directness　n. 直率 misunderstanding　n. 误解 【同义替换积累】（B 篇答案多为原文同义转换或合理推断，务必熟记） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 felt insulted 感到被冒犯 blunt words 直率的话 not disrespect 并非不敬 a different lens 不同的视角 【实用短语】（可迁移到写作与完形） · exchange student 交换生 · avoid sb. 避开某人 · feel insulted 感到被冒犯 · point out 指出 · become friends 成为朋友 · look through 透过…看 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项训练 14 · 小选择改变人生 —————————————————————————————————————— 【原文】 On a crowded train, Owen noticed an elderly lady struggling with two heavy suitcases. Without thinking, he stood, lifted them onto the rack, and found her a seat. She smiled and said, 'Young man, kindness is never wasted.' They chatted; she turned out to be the CEO of a design firm. A year later, Owen, jobless and scrolling ads, received an email: the lady remembered him and offered an internship. He accepted, worked hard, and three years on ran his own small studio. Looking back, Owen knew that single afternoon on the train had redirected his whole life—not by luck, but by a choice to help. 【题目】 1. What did Owen do on the train? A. He ignored the lady B. He helped her with the suitcases C. He took her seat D. He argued with her 2. What does the underlined word 'internship' most probably mean? A. A paid holiday B. A training position in a company C. A fine D. A ticket 3. What can we infer about the elderly lady? A. She forgot Owen B. She remembered his kindness and helped him C. She was unkind D. She disliked young people 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Trains are crowded B. A small kind act can change one's life C. CEOs are rich D. Luck decides everything 【深度讲解】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题 · 答案：B · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：he stood, lifted them onto the rack, and found her a seat · 同义替换：lifted them onto the rack → 把箱子举上行李架 · 解析：原文‘他起身把箱子举上行李架并给她找座’，B 正确。A 无视、C 抢座、D 争吵均反。 · 技巧：动作细节题定位主语 Owen + lifted / found a seat；‘善举’是后续伏笔。 ▍第 2 题 · 答案：B · 题型：词义猜测 · 定位：offered an internship ... worked hard, and ran his own studio · 同义替换：worked hard, ran his own studio → 实习后成才 · 解析：后文‘他努力工作、三年后开工作室’，可知 internship 指‘公司里的实习岗位’。A 带薪假、C 罚款、D 票均错。 · 技巧：猜词看后续结果：internship → worked hard → own studio，形成‘实习—成长’链。 ▍第 3 题 · 答案：B · 题型：推理判断 · 定位：the lady remembered him and offered an internship · 同义替换：remembered him → 记得他（推进一步：回报善意） · 解析：女士‘记得他并给实习机会’，可推她感恩且提携善意。A 忘记、C 不友善、D 讨厌青年皆反。 · 技巧：infer 题把‘善举’与‘日后回报’串联：remembered → offered 是‘善意循环’推断。 ▍第 4 题 · 答案：B · 题型：主旨大意 · 定位：that single afternoon ... had redirected his whole life—by a choice to help · 同义替换：redirected his whole life → 改写了整个人生 · 解析：结尾‘那个下午因一个相助的选择改写了人生’，B 正确。A 火车挤、C CEO 富、D 全靠运气(原文说‘非运气’)均非中心。 · 技巧：主旨题抓 redirected his whole life / by a choice to help；‘小善举改变人生’是核心。 【解题技巧延伸】 【善举改变命运类解题延伸】此类‘随手助人—身份揭晓—回报’是经典‘蝴蝶效应’母题。推断题看‘善举’与‘日后机遇’的因果；主旨句常‘a small act redirected my life’，选‘小善改变人生’。 【词汇积累】（本篇高频词） crowded　adj. 拥挤的 accept　v. 接受 struggle　v. 费力对付 studio　n. 工作室 suitcase　n. 行李箱 redirect　v. 改变方向 rack　n. 行李架 luck　n. 运气 CEO　n. 首席执行官 wasted　adj. 浪费的 internship　n. 实习 choice　n. 选择 【同义替换积累】（B 篇答案多为原文同义转换或合理推断，务必熟记） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 struggling with 费力对付 kindness is never wasted 善意从不被浪费 offered an internship 提供一份实习 redirected his life 改写他的人生 【实用短语】（可迁移到写作与完形） · on a crowded train 在拥挤的火车上 · lift onto the rack 举上行李架 · find a seat 找座位 · turn out to be 结果是 · offer an internship 提供实习 · look back 回顾 —————————————————————————————————————— 专项训练 15 · 自我认知 —————————————————————————————————————— 【原文】 Sophie joined the chess club, then debate, then soccer—quitting each within a month, sure she was good at nothing. Her mother laughed, 'You haven't found your thing yet, that's all.' Reluctantly, Sophie signed up for the art class, expecting to leave again. But the first time she held a brush, colors seemed to speak. She painted every free hour, and her teacher hung her work in the hallway. Standing before it, Sophie realized she had not been talentless; she had simply been looking in the wrong places. Knowing yourself, she learned, is less a sudden find than a patient try of many things until one says 'home'. 【题目】 1. Which clubs did Sophie try before art? A. Music and dance B. Chess, debate and soccer C. Only soccer D. Science and math 2. What does the underlined word 'reluctantly' most probably mean? A. Eagerly B. Unwillingly; without much desire C. Happily D. Quickly 3. What can we infer about Sophie's discovery? A. She was truly talentless B. She found her passion in art after trying many things C. She hated painting D. She quit art too 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Clubs are useless B. Self-discovery comes through trying many things C. Painting is easy D. Mothers are always right 【深度讲解】 答案速查：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B ▍第 1 题 · 答案：B · 题型：细节理解 · 定位：joined the chess club, then debate, then soccer · 同义替换：chess, debate, soccer → 象棋、辩论、足球 · 解析：原文‘加入象棋社，又辩论，又足球’，B 正确。A 音乐舞蹈、C 仅足球、D 理科均错。 · 技巧：列举细节题抓 joined ... then ... then 的并列名词；注意‘before art’的限定范围。 ▍第 2 题 · 答案：B · 题型：词义猜测 · 定位：Reluctantly, Sophie signed up ... expecting to leave again · 同义替换：expecting to leave again → 预计又会离开（不情愿） · 解析：她‘预计又会离开’才报名，reluctantly 指‘不情愿地、勉强地’。A 急切、C 开心、D 快速均反。 · 技巧：猜词看伴随心理：expecting to leave again 表明不情愿，reluctantly=unwillingly。 ▍第 3 题 · 答案：B · 题型：推理判断 · 定位：she had simply been looking in the wrong places ... one says 'home' · 同义替换：looking in wrong places → 之前找错了地方（推进一步：艺术即归属） · 解析：她领悟‘只是之前找错地方’，艺术让她有归属感，B 正确。A 真无天赋(原文否定)、C 恨画、D 也退均反。 · 技巧：infer 题看尾段 not talentless / wrong places / says home；‘试遍方知归属’是推断支点。 ▍第 4 题 · 答案：B · 题型：主旨大意 · 定位：Knowing yourself ... is a patient try of many things until one says 'home' · 同义替换：patient try of many things → 耐心尝试许多事 · 解析：结尾‘认识自己不是突然发现，而是耐心试许多事直到其一说‘回家’’，B 正确。A 社团无用、C 绘画易、D 母亲总对均非中心。 · 技巧：主旨题抓 Knowing yourself ... patient try of many things；‘尝试中认识自我’是核心。 【解题技巧延伸】 【自我认知/探索类解题延伸】此类‘试遍多事—终遇所爱’重点在‘尝试=认识自我的途径’。猜词多考态度副词(reluctantly)；主旨句常‘knowing yourself is a patient try’，选‘尝试中认识自我’。 【词汇积累】（本篇高频词） chess　n. 国际象棋 hallway　n. 走廊 debate　n. 辩论 talentless　adj. 无天赋的 soccer　n. 足球 patient　adj. 耐心的 reluctantly　adv. 不情愿地 sudden　adj. 突然的 brush　n. 画笔 discovery　n. 发现 color　n. 颜色 passion　n. 热爱 【同义替换积累】（B 篇答案多为原文同义转换或合理推断，务必熟记） 原文 / 题干表达 选项 / 释义对应 good at nothing 一无所长 found her thing 找到她所爱 looking in the wrong places 找错了地方 says 'home' 说‘回家’（喻归属感） 【实用短语】（可迁移到写作与完形） · join a club 加入社团 · quit within a month 一个月内退出 · sign up for 报名参加 · hold a brush 握画笔 · hang one's work 挂出某人的作品 · know oneself 认识自己 —————————————————————————————————————— 第三部分　高频词汇总（按专项） ———————————————————————————————————————— 专项 1 · 善意传递（夹叙夹议） pour　v. 倾盆而下 rush off　匆匆离开 shiver　v. 发抖 debt　n. 债务 entrance　n. 入口 repay　v. 偿还 hesitate　v. 犹豫 kindness　n. 善意 vanish　v. 消失 imagine　v. 想象 soaked　adj. 湿透的 stranger　n. 陌生人 专项 2 · 勇气与克服恐惧 fear　v./n. 害怕 racing　adj. 急速跳动的 tremble　v. 颤抖 surface　v. 浮出水面 coach　n. 教练 conquer　v. 征服 absence　n. 缺乏 monster　n. 怪物 dip　v. 浸 bravery　n. 勇敢 diving board　跳板 edge　n. 边缘 专项 3 · 亲情（沉默的爱） rusty　adj. 生锈的 hammer　n. 锤子 squeak　v. 吱呀响 bent　adj. 弯曲的 complain　v. 抱怨 handlebar　n. 车把 savings　n. 积蓄 memory　n. 记忆 character　n. 特性；品格 value　n. 价值 garage　n. 车库 unsaid　adj. 未说出的 专项 4 · 友谊的修复 argue　v. 争吵 joke　n. 玩笑 accuse　v. 指责 silly　adj. 愚蠢的 jealous　adj. 嫉妒的 return　v. 归还 proud　adj. 骄傲的 apologize　v. 道歉 opposite　adj. 对面的 laughter　n. 笑声 notebook　n. 笔记本 friendship　n. 友谊 专项 5 · 坚持与梦想 violin　n. 小提琴 pause　v. 驻足 passenger　n. 乘客 grand　adj. 盛大的 talent　n. 天赋 hall　n. 大厅 agent　n. 经纪人 stage　n. 舞台 crushed　adj. 极度沮丧的 refuse　v. 拒绝 conductor　n. 指挥 perseverance　n. 坚持 专项 6 · 原谅 brushstroke　n. 笔触 comfort　v. 安慰 curious　adj. 好奇的 tape　v. 用胶带贴 clumsy　adj. 笨拙的 forgiveness　n. 原谅 tear　v. 撕 visitor　n. 参观者 damage　n. 损坏 hug　v. 拥抱 scream　v. 尖叫 anger　n. 愤怒 专项 7 · 诚实 pavement　n. 人行道 reward　n. 报酬 wallet　n. 钱包 refuse　v. 拒绝 thick　adj. 厚的；满满的 honesty　n. 诚实 cash　n. 现金 owner　n. 失主 ID　n. 身份证 address　n. 地址 panic　n. 惊慌 ring the bell　按门铃 专项 8 · 自然与成长（夹叙夹议） oak　n. 橡树 gardener　n. 园丁 plant　v. 种植 trim　v. 修剪 shade　n. 树荫 survive　v. 幸存 storm　n. 风暴 patience　n. 耐心 branch　n. 树枝 endure　v. 忍受；经受 jagged　adj. 参差不齐的 firm　adj. 坚定的 专项 9 · 责任（成长） babysit　v. 照看小孩 pound　v. 剧烈跳动 trust　v. 信任 apologize　v. 道歉 scroll　v. 刷（手机） upset　adj. 生气的 slip out　溜出去 forgive　v. 原谅 monitor　n. 监视器 responsibility　n. 责任 bruise　v. 撞伤；淤青 diary　n. 日记 专项 10 · 感恩（迟来的理解） dread　v. 害怕；畏惧 precision　n. 严谨；精确 strict　adj. 严厉的 drill　v. 反复训练 redo　v. 重做 gratitude　n. 感恩 careless　adj. 粗心的 measure　v. 衡量 resent　v. 怨恨 arrive　v. 到来 mutter　v. 嘀咕 ready　adj. 准备好的 专项 11 · 逆境成长 close　v. 关闭 luxury　n. 奢侈；难得之事 bill　n. 账单 nominate　v. 提名 shift　n. 轮班 scholarship　n. 奖学金 complain　v. 抱怨 tiredness　n. 疲惫 deliver　v. 投递 hardship　n. 困境 dawn　n. 黎明 steady　adj. 沉稳的 专项 12 · 陌生人的温暖 fail　v. 不及格 rush　v. 催促 retired　adj. 退休的 confidence　n. 自信 ladder　n. 梯子 belief　n. 信念 gently　adv. 温和地 reward　n. 回报 climb　v. 爬；攀登 stranger　n. 陌生人 patient　adj. 耐心的 kindness　n. 善意 专项 13 · 文化理解 exchange student　交换生 honesty　n. 诚实 confusing　adj. 令人困惑的 flaw　n. 缺点 insult　v. 冒犯 host mother　寄宿妈妈 blunt　adj. 直率的 lens　n. 镜头；视角 disrespect　n. 不敬 fade　v. 消散 directness　n. 直率 misunderstanding　n. 误解 专项 14 · 小选择改变人生 crowded　adj. 拥挤的 accept　v. 接受 struggle　v. 费力对付 studio　n. 工作室 suitcase　n. 行李箱 redirect　v. 改变方向 rack　n. 行李架 luck　n. 运气 CEO　n. 首席执行官 wasted　adj. 浪费的 internship　n. 实习 choice　n. 选择 专项 15 · 自我认知 chess　n. 国际象棋 hallway　n. 走廊 debate　n. 辩论 talentless　adj. 无天赋的 soccer　n. 足球 patient　adj. 耐心的 reluctantly　adv. 不情愿地 sudden　adj. 突然的 brush　n. 画笔 discovery　n. 发现 color　n. 颜色 passion　n. 热爱 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $