Unit 2 The World of Art（单元自测卷·河南专用）英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级上册

2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测·河南专用 Unit 2 The World of Art ·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ 英语 一、听力理解（20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1-5 AAAAA 6-10 ABCAB 11-15 CAACB 16．fourth/4th 17．types 18．add 19．express 20．simple 二、阅读理解 （20小题，每小题2分，共40分） A 21．B 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．C B 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．C C 31．B 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．C D 36．A 37．C 38．E 39．D 40．B 三、完形填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 41．B 42．A 43．C 44．B 45．D 46．B 47．A 48．C 49．D 50．D 51．D 52．C 53．A 54．B 55．A 四、语篇填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 第一节 56．interested 57．its 58．family 59．years 60．popular 61．has 62．during 63．skills 64．enjoy 65．making 第二节 66．a 67．at 68．to 69．it 70．will 五、补全对话（5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 71．What about you 72．When did you start learning it 73．Who taught you at first 74．Yes, I have 75．You are so cool 六、书面表达 （20分） 例文 Chinese Xuan Paper Xuan Paper is one of our famous Chinese cultural treasures. It is mainly produced in Anhui Province. It has a long history of over 1,000 years. People make it with natural materials like bamboo and rice straw. The whole work is done by hand. It needs 18 procedures and it takes about one year to finish. Xuan Paper is widely used for Chinese calligraphy and paintings. It has a fresh plant smell and is loved by writers. What’s more, works on it can be kept for a long time. It is truly a great part of our intangible cultural heritage. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测·河南专用 Unit 2 The World of Art ·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ 英语 注意事项： 1. 本试卷共10页，六个大题，满分120分，考试时间100分钟。 2. 本试卷上不要答题，请按答题卡上注意事项的要求，直接把答案填写在答题卡上。答在试卷上的答案无效。 一、听力理解（20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。 1．Which story are they talking about? A．Hansel and Gretel. B．Journey to the West. C．The Emperor’s New Clothes. 2．How may the boy feel? A．Disappointed. B．Happy. C．Tired. 3．What are the speakers talking about? A．Greeting people. B．Table manners. C．Gift giving. 4．What are the speakers talking about? A．Greeting people. B．Table manners. C．Gift giving. 5．What traditional crafts (手工艺品) does Sandy like? A．Chinese lanterns. B．Chinese paper-cuts. C．Chinese clay art. 第二节 听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。 6．How long is the history of Chinese paper-cutting? A．More than 3,000 years. B．More than 4,000 years. C．More than 5,000 years. 7．What is it made of? A．White cloth. B．Red paper. C．White card. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9两个小题。 8．When does Millie plan to share the book? A．Next Tuesday. B．Next Wednesday. C．Next Thursday. 9．Who will dance at the party? A．Alex. B．Lily. C．Sally. 听下面一段独白，回答第10至第12三个小题。 10．When did Ms. Wu begin to study paper cutting? A．At the age of 12. B．At the age of 13. C．At the age of 14. 11．What prize did Ms. Wu win in the competition in 2003? A．The third prize. B．The first prize. C．The second prize. 12．How did Ms. Wu feel about making paper cutting more popular? A．Proud. B．Excited. C．Nervous. 听下面一段对话，回答第13至第15三个小题。 13．When did New Year pictures become popular? A．In the Song Dynasty. B．In the Qing Dynasty. C．In the Ming Dynasty. 14．What can we probably see in the New Year pictures? A．Basketballs and volleyballs B．Books and dictionaries. C．Birds and flowers. 15．How many famous places are mentioned? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. 第三节 你将听到一则活动通知。请用你所听到的内容，填写表格中所缺单词，每空限填一词或一个数字。短文读两遍。 Fans History ◆Ancient Chinese people first created fans around the 16 century. ◆They are made of paper and thin bamboo. ◆They come in different 17 . Uses ◆People used fans to keep cool at first. ◆Many people began to 18 words or paíntings to fans. ◆Fans can carry art and 19 feelings. ◆In dances and dramas, people also use fans. Importance ◆Fans are no longer just 20 tools. ◆They have become part of Chinese culture. 二、阅读理解 （20小题，每小题2分，共40分） 阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。 A Join us to explore the magic of traditional Chinese arts! Find your favorite class and sign up now! Chinese Paper Cutting Class Want to create art with just paper and scissors? Want to make lucky decorations (装饰物) for your home? Join us and start creating! Only ¥480 for 8 lessons (All materials included!) Place: Room 201, Art Building Time: 4:00 p.m.—5:30 p.m. every Tuesday Chinese Calligraphy Class Want to write beautiful characters with a brush? Want to find peace through ancient art? Just come and join us! Only ¥500 for 10 lessons (Brush and paper not included!) Place: Room 105, Cultural Hall Time: 4:30 p.m.—6:30 p.m. every Thursday Chinese Knotting Class Want to learn beautiful patterns (花样)? Want to make lucky gifts by yourself? Be part of us! Only ¥600 for 6 lessons (All tools included!) Place: Room 303, Art Building Time: 10:00 a.m.—12:00 p.m. every Saturday Peking Opera Mask Painting ClassWant to paint colorful faces with meaning? Want to learn stories of heroes? Join us now! Only ¥480 for 4 lessons (All materials included!) Place: Room 102, Cultural Hall Time: 4:00 p.m.—6:00 p.m. every Friday If you want to know more, visit the school office or call Ms. Wu at (123) 456-7890 before September 5th. 21．Where is the Chinese Knotting Class held? A．Room 201, Art Building. B．Room 303, Art Building. C．Room 105, Cultural Hall. D．Room 102, Cultural Hall. 22．What can you learn from Chinese Calligraphy Class? A．To make lucky gifts by myself. B．To paint colorful faces with meaning. C．To write beautiful characters with a brush. D．To make lucky decorations for my home. 23．How long does each Chinese Paper Cutting lesson last? A．1 hour. B．1.5 hours. C．2 hours. D．2.5 hours. 24．Which class is the most expensive each lesson? A．Chinese Knotting. B．Chinese Calligraphy. C．Chinese Paper Cutting. D．Peking Opera Mask Painting. 25．What kind of text is the passage (文章)? A．An email. B．A novel. C．An advertisement. D．A speech. B Yang Liu is an inheritor (传承人) of bamboo drifting (独竹漂), which is a form of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产). She started to learn it from her grandmother when she was 7. As she was weak in health as a child, her grandmother wanted her to get into better shape through this sport. Yang threw herself into practicing bamboo drifting all year round, even in the winter cold and summer heat. “It was common for me to fall into the water when I started practicing,” recalled Yang, adding that it took her three years to learn the basic skills of bamboo drifting. In order to acquire more bamboo drifting skills, Yang had to practice countless difficult movements on a bamboo pole (竹竿) that was 9m in length and 15 cm in diameter (直径), and stand all the physical pain that came with it. Through years of hard training, Yang now considers the bamboo pole as her “best friend”. At one point, inspired by her grandmother, Yang began to combine dance with bamboo drifting. “My grandmother came up with an idea. She said that I had been practicing bamboo drifting since I was a child, so why not try to combine dance with the skill? It might be something different,” the young woman explained. Yang’s hard work gradually paid off when she was able to perfectly perform dancing with the traditional bamboo drifting skill. “I hope that more people can know about bamboo drifting and enjoy this form of art,” said Yang. 26．Why did Yang’s grandmother let her learn bamboo drifting? A．Because it could help Yang build herself up. B．Because Yang was very talented at it. C．Because it was the traditional skill of Yang’s family. D．Because Yang wanted to know about the intangible cultural heritage. 27．What does the underlined word “acquire” mean in Chinese? A．出售 B．收集 C．掌握 D．拒绝 28．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Yang is a little tired of bamboo drifting now. B．Yang hopes more people can know about bamboo drifting. C．Yang used to stop practicing because it was too cold in winter. D．Yang spent 3 months learning the basic skills of bamboo drifting. 29．Which word best describes Yang’s grandmother? A．Hard-working. B．Helpful. C．Kind-hearted. D．Creative. 30．Which part of a newspaper might this passage come from? A．Travel. B．Education. C．Culture. D．Science. C Many people may throw away the nuts after eating fruits, but artists of nut carving collected them and changed them into artworks (艺术品). “One nut, from 0.8 to 6 centimeters, can be made into beautiful earrings and other artworks,” said Tan Wanhai, the top artist of Weifang nut carving. The history of nut carving might start from the Qing Dynasty (1636-1912). During that time, Wang Dayan, the best artist in the Palace Museum, spread the skill to the people in Shandong province. Because of the difficult carving skills and its rich artistic meanings, Weifang nut carving was in the list of a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产)in 2008. “It’s difficult to bring this kind of traditional art to life,” said Tan, the 48-year-old artist. “Every nut looks different before we carve it,” Tan added. Artists have to study each nut to carefully plan out their artwork. Besides, according to Tan, they have to learn about some skills in painting and handwriting art from many traditional cultures. “In order to show folk stories from ancient times, I need to read many books to improve myself.” “Artists in the past were smart to change common (普通的)things into beautiful ones. Because of the creative ideas of artists in Weifang, nut carving artworks are becoming more and more popular with people in China,” Tan said. “This situation (情况), in turn, also makes many young people learn the traditional skills of nut carving, create new skills, and even help to pass down the skills to future artists.” 31．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving a fact. C．By showing opinions. D．By asking a question. 32．What can we know about a nut carving artwork from the passage? A．It was a fruit nut at first. B．It’s a form of modern art. C．It’s over 8 centimeters long. D．It’s from the Palace Museum. 33．What can we infer (推断)from the passage? A．Tan is good at all traditional forms. B．Tan is an artist full of knowledge. C．Tan was born and grew up in Shandong. D．Tan teaches nut carving in the Palace Museum. 34．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The record of nut carving. B．The artworks by a nut carving artist. C．The skills to paint and write on nuts. D．The difficulty to make nut carving artworks. 35．Which of the following is the most suitable (最适合)if you need to add one paragraph to the passage? A．A traditional folk story. B．A speech on nut carving. C．The future of nut carving. D．The history of nut carving. D The Miao people are one of the largest ethnic groups in China. They live mainly in the provinces of Guizhou, Yunnan, Hunan, and Sichuan, as well as in the Guangxi area. 36 Embroidery (刺绣) is a very important part of Miao culture and a valuable treasure (珍宝) of traditional Chinese clothing culture. Long ago, the Miao people did not have their own written language. 37 This beautiful art is like their “history book in color.” Miao embroidery is so special. In China, it has been listed as an important part of the country’s intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产). 38 Miao artists create beautiful and amazing patterns with colorful silk and cotton threads, and sometimes even horsehair. 39 You can see dragons and other animals from ancient stories, as well as everyday things like butterflies, fish, and flowers. These skills are often passed down from grandmothers to their children and grandchildren. 40 They connect traditional culture with modern life. They tell stories about daily life, celebrate important family events, and share the traditional stories with young people. Today, people still wear Miao embroidery during festivals. At the same time, people around the world love it as a beautiful and special art. It can now be found on modern things like bags and wall decorations. A．Some also make their home on Hainan Island. B．These patterns are not only beautiful but also meaningful. C．So, they used embroidery to record their history, stories, and traditions. D．They use these beautiful patterns to decorate their clothes. E．In the world, it is widely considered one of the finest examples of embroidery art. 三、完形填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 One day, Mr. Li went into the classroom with some kites. The students were very 41 . He told them that kites were invented in China more than 2,000 years ago. Students learned that Chinese make kites that mean 42 important to them. At the end of the class, Mr. Li said, “I want everyone to make a kite 43 . You will have a 44 understanding of kites than before.” Judie decided to ask her 45 for help. She enjoyed 46 kites but it was her first time to make one. “What do you think of 47 you see a kite?” her dad asked. Judie 48 for a moment and answered, “Butterflies.” Judie’s dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite, 49 they bought the things they need at once. They made a cross with some wood sticks, and then Judie painted a butterfly on 50 . Next they stuck the paper on the cross. Finally, they tied a long tail 51 the bottom. The next morning, they took the kite to the park and 52 it. “Wow! How high my butterfly flies!” Judie cried 53 . Her dad smiled and asked, “Judie, can you tell me 54 you like butterflies?” Judie replied, “To me, butterflies 55 beauty and freedom!” 41．A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising D．surprisingly 42．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 43．A．you B．your C．yourself D．yours 44．A．good B．better C．best D．the best 45．A．brother B．sister C．mom D．dad 46．A．to fly B．flying C．flew D．fly 47．A．when B．until C．although D．unless 48．A．stopped B．spoke C．thought D．talked 49．A．because B．but C．if D．so 50．A．white paper B．a white paper C．piece of white paper D．a piece of white paper 51．A．under B．above C．on D．to 52．A．trained B．sent C．tested D．reported 53．A．excitedly B．friendly C．sadly D．luckily 54．A．when B．why C．where D．how 55．A．mean B．tell C．understand D．spread 四、语篇填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 第一节 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 popular  interest  family  skill  during  make  year  have  enjoy  it Kwan Lan came to Changsha, Hunan Province. She was 56 in the art when she saw the colorful glazed painted Porcelain (釉下彩瓷) made in Liling city. “I fell in love with 57 colors,” said the artist (画家) from Taiwan, China. Kwan was born into a 58 of artists in Hong Kong, China in 1953. She moved from Taipei to Liling in Hunan and opened a studio (工作室) to learn about glazed painted porcelain. Over the past ten 59 , Kwan has become a big fan of Liling. And her studio has become 60 with young people. Porcelain 61 a long history in Liling. The place first began to make porcelain 62 the Han Dynasty (朝代). In 1915, a show of Liling glazed painted porcelain won the first place and in 2008, its 63 became a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) item. Kwan says she will go on making porcelain in Liling and hopes to be able to 64 its beauty for the rest of her life. Her husband (丈夫), Andy Ting, was fond of the art and joined her a few years ago. “Life in Liling is nice and this city is fit for 65 art,” he said. 第二节 阅读下面一首诗歌，根据语篇要求填空，使诗歌通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 Look at the “bunnies (小兔子)” in the pictures. The “bunnies” are huabobo. Zang Chaiyuan made them. Huabobo is 66 kind of traditional food in Shandong. Zang showed an interest in it when she was little. Her grandmother was good 67 making huabobo. Zang made it with her grandmother. After she finished her studies, Zang wanted to open a huabobo shop. She began 68 learn the skills from huabobo teachers. It was not easy. But Zang practised on her own and made 69 at last. Zang’s huabobo is quite popular. Every day, she receives about 40 orders from around China. Zang’s huabobo has given the traditional food new life. Zang says, “I love making huabobo and I 70 keep on doing it.” 五、补全对话（5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Do you have any hobbies related to art? B: Yes, I love painting very much. 71 ? A: I prefer traditional dance. I’ve been learning it for three years. B: That’s amazing! 72 ? A: I started learning when I was ten years old. B: 73 ? A: My mom taught me at first, and now I take classes in a dance studio. B: Have you ever performed on stage? A: 74 . I performed at the school art festival last term. B: Wow, you must be great! 75 . A: Thank you. You should try learning a traditional art form too—it’s really interesting. 六、书面表达 （20分） 随着中国经济的腾飞，越来越多的中国人意识到保护非物质文化遗产的重要性。请你以“Chinese Xuan Paper”为题，根据表格内容，介绍中国宣纸。 Place Anhui History Over 1,000 years Materials used bamboo, rice straw (稻草) How to make by hand, 18 procedures (工序), about one year Be used for calligraphy and paintings Features smell of plants, loved by writers, keep for a long time 注意： 1.短文必须包括表中所有内容，可适当增加细节； 2.词数80—100。 Chinese Xuan Paper _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $听力考试正式开始。Look, the bird is leading them to a house. The house is made of bread, cake and Candy. It's so . amazing. Look, the bird is leading them to a house. The house is made of bread, cake and Candy. It's so amazing. Listen to the next . question. Mom, I failed to join the art club. Oh, baby, i'm sorry to hear that. Don't lose hot. Mom, I failed to join the art club. Oh, baby, i'm sorry to hear that. Don't lose heart. Listen to the next question. Jack asked if he could greet people by kissing in china. He'd Better not chinese, often shake hands with people as a greeting. Jack asked if he could greet people by kissing in china. He'd Better not chinese, often shake hands with people as a greeting. Listen to the next question. jack asked if he could greet people by kissing in china. He'd Better not chinese, often shake hands with people as agreeing. Jack asked if he could greet people by kissing in china. he'd Better not chinese, often shake hands with people as agreeing. Listen to the next question. What traditional craft do you like? Sandy. I love chinese lanterns. What traditional craft do . you like? Sandy, I love chinese lanterns. Listen to the next question. Hi, tom. I want to learn chinese paper cutting. Could you tell me something about IT? sure. IT is a kind of traditional art. IT has a history of more than three thousand years. What is IT made of? IT is made of red paper. red paper. I'm really interested in IT. Thanks for telling me so much. You're welcome. Hi, tom. I want to learn chinese paper cutting. Could you tell me something about IT? sure. IT is a kind of traditional art. IT has a history of more than three . thousand years. What is IT made of? IT is made of red paper. Red paper. I'm really interested in IT. Thanks for telling . me so much. Are welcome. Listen to the next . question. Hey, can't. Could you please lend me the book? Little women? sure. Milly IT isn't the box under the bed. Help yourself. Thank you. I read that once before, and I planned to share IT in the reading club next thursday. That's good. It's a wonderful book. Did you buy any . books these days? No, I planned to go to the town this afternoon. There is a new bookshop on center street. Would you like . to go with me? Well, i'd love to. But I promised to go to my classmate lily's party. IT starts at four ten P. M. Okay. will you dance . at the party? No, alex will dance in. Sally will play country music with her band. Sounds fun. Have a good time. Hey, kent, could you please lend me the book? Little women. sure. Molly IT isn't the box under the bed. Help yourself. Thank you. I read that once before, and I planned to share IT in the reading club next thursday. That's good. It's a wonderful book. Did you buy any . book these days? No, I planned to go to the town this afternoon. There is a new bookshop on center street. Would you like . to go with me? Well, i'd love to. But I promise to go to my classmate lily's party. IT started for ten P. M. Okay. will you dance . at the party? No, alex will dance in. Sally will play country music with her band. sounds fun, have a good time. Listen to the next question. In twenty twenty four, miss wu held a paper cutting show in the USA. SHE hoped more people would enjoy IT. When he was thirteen years old, missal began to study paper cutting in two thousand three, SHE won the second prize in the national art competition. SHE went to amErica after finishing college in two thousand eight. Soon after her twenty third birthday, SHE started to introduce chinese paper cutting to american people. SHE said SHE felt proud of making this kind of art more popular. In twenty twenty four, miss wu held a paper cutting show in the U. S. A. SHE hoped more people would enjoy IT. When he was thirteen years old, ms. Wu began to study paper cutting in two thousand and three. SHE won the second prize international art competition. SHE went to amErica after finishing college in two thousand and eight. Soon after her twenty third birthday, SHE started to introduce chinese paper cutting to american people. SHE said. SHE felt proud of making this kind of art more popular. Listen to the next question lies on. look at the picture. The baby with a big fish is lovely. Yes, IT is a new year picture. Can you tell me something about IT? sure. IT is popular in china. People often put them on the walls during the spring festival. Well, when did new year pictures become popular? IT became popular in the song dynasty. During the change dynasty, people begin . to call IT nana. Can we see in the new york pictures? That's a good question. We can see something beautiful like birds and flowers. Can we find new year pictures all . over china? Yes, but there are four famous places. They are anglia king and anger, yang geo in chang U. N. Ju and manso in such one. You know so much about chinese new year or pictures. How excEllent. Thank you, lisa. Look at the picture. The baby with a big fish is lovely. Yes, IT is a new year picture. Can you tell me something about IT? sure. IT is popular in china. People often put them on the walls during the spring festival. Well, when did new year year pictures become popular? IT became popular in the song dynasty. During the chin dynasty, people begin to call IT nano. What can we see in the new year or pictures? That's a good question. We can see something beautiful like birds and flowers. Can we find new year pictures all . over china? Yes, but there are four famous places. They are anglia king in engine, Angel in chang jiu and manso in such one. You know so much about chinese new year pictures. How excEllent. Thank you. Listen to the next question. Welcome to today's cultural wonders. I want to talk about fans. Ancient chinese people first created fans around the fourth century. Fans are made of paper and thin bamboo. They come in different types. At first, people used fans to keep cool. but over time, fans became more than that. Many people began to add words or paintings to fans. This made fans special items as they can Carry out and express feelings in dances and dramas. People also use fans. Now, fans are no longer just simple tools. They have become part of chinese culture. Welcome to today's cultural wonders. I want to talk about fans. Ancient chinese people first created fans around the fourth century. Fans are made of paper and thin bamboo. They come in different types. At first, people used fans to keep cool, but over time, fans became more than that. Many people began to add words or paintings to fans. This made fans special items. As they can Carry art and express feelings in dances and dramas. People also use fans. Now fans are no longer just simple tools. They have become part of chinese culture. 听力部分到此结束。 ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测·河南专用 Unit 2 The World of Art ·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ 英语 注意事项： 1. 本试卷共10页，六个大题，满分120分，考试时间100分钟。 2. 本试卷上不要答题，请按答题卡上注意事项的要求，直接把答案填写在答题卡上。答在试卷上的答案无效。 一、听力理解（20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。 1．Which story are they talking about? A．Hansel and Gretel. B．Journey to the West. C．The Emperor’s New Clothes. 2．How may the boy feel? A．Disappointed. B．Happy. C．Tired. 3．What are the speakers talking about? A．Greeting people. B．Table manners. C．Gift giving. 4．What are the speakers talking about? A．Greeting people. B．Table manners. C．Gift giving. 5．What traditional crafts (手工艺品) does Sandy like? A．Chinese lanterns. B．Chinese paper-cuts. C．Chinese clay art. 第二节 听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。 6．How long is the history of Chinese paper-cutting? A．More than 3,000 years. B．More than 4,000 years. C．More than 5,000 years. 7．What is it made of? A．White cloth. B．Red paper. C．White card. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9两个小题。 8．When does Millie plan to share the book? A．Next Tuesday. B．Next Wednesday. C．Next Thursday. 9．Who will dance at the party? A．Alex. B．Lily. C．Sally. 听下面一段独白，回答第10至第12三个小题。 10．When did Ms. Wu begin to study paper cutting? A．At the age of 12. B．At the age of 13. C．At the age of 14. 11．What prize did Ms. Wu win in the competition in 2003? A．The third prize. B．The first prize. C．The second prize. 12．How did Ms. Wu feel about making paper cutting more popular? A．Proud. B．Excited. C．Nervous. 听下面一段对话，回答第13至第15三个小题。 13．When did New Year pictures become popular? A．In the Song Dynasty. B．In the Qing Dynasty. C．In the Ming Dynasty. 14．What can we probably see in the New Year pictures? A．Basketballs and volleyballs B．Books and dictionaries. C．Birds and flowers. 15．How many famous places are mentioned? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. 第三节 你将听到一则活动通知。请用你所听到的内容，填写表格中所缺单词，每空限填一词或一个数字。短文读两遍。 Fans History ◆Ancient Chinese people first created fans around the 16 century. ◆They are made of paper and thin bamboo. ◆They come in different 17 . Uses ◆People used fans to keep cool at first. ◆Many people began to 18 words or paíntings to fans. ◆Fans can carry art and 19 feelings. ◆In dances and dramas, people also use fans. Importance ◆Fans are no longer just 20 tools. ◆They have become part of Chinese culture. 二、阅读理解 （20小题，每小题2分，共40分） 阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。 A Join us to explore the magic of traditional Chinese arts! Find your favorite class and sign up now! Chinese Paper Cutting Class Want to create art with just paper and scissors? Want to make lucky decorations (装饰物) for your home? Join us and start creating! Only ¥480 for 8 lessons (All materials included!) Place: Room 201, Art Building Time: 4:00 p.m.—5:30 p.m. every Tuesday Chinese Calligraphy Class Want to write beautiful characters with a brush? Want to find peace through ancient art? Just come and join us! Only ¥500 for 10 lessons (Brush and paper not included!) Place: Room 105, Cultural Hall Time: 4:30 p.m.—6:30 p.m. every Thursday Chinese Knotting Class Want to learn beautiful patterns (花样)? Want to make lucky gifts by yourself? Be part of us! Only ¥600 for 6 lessons (All tools included!) Place: Room 303, Art Building Time: 10:00 a.m.—12:00 p.m. every Saturday Peking Opera Mask Painting ClassWant to paint colorful faces with meaning? Want to learn stories of heroes? Join us now! Only ¥480 for 4 lessons (All materials included!) Place: Room 102, Cultural Hall Time: 4:00 p.m.—6:00 p.m. every Friday If you want to know more, visit the school office or call Ms. Wu at (123) 456-7890 before September 5th. 21．Where is the Chinese Knotting Class held? A．Room 201, Art Building. B．Room 303, Art Building. C．Room 105, Cultural Hall. D．Room 102, Cultural Hall. 22．What can you learn from Chinese Calligraphy Class? A．To make lucky gifts by myself. B．To paint colorful faces with meaning. C．To write beautiful characters with a brush. D．To make lucky decorations for my home. 23．How long does each Chinese Paper Cutting lesson last? A．1 hour. B．1.5 hours. C．2 hours. D．2.5 hours. 24．Which class is the most expensive each lesson? A．Chinese Knotting. B．Chinese Calligraphy. C．Chinese Paper Cutting. D．Peking Opera Mask Painting. 25．What kind of text is the passage (文章)? A．An email. B．A novel. C．An advertisement. D．A speech. B Yang Liu is an inheritor (传承人) of bamboo drifting (独竹漂), which is a form of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产). She started to learn it from her grandmother when she was 7. As she was weak in health as a child, her grandmother wanted her to get into better shape through this sport. Yang threw herself into practicing bamboo drifting all year round, even in the winter cold and summer heat. “It was common for me to fall into the water when I started practicing,” recalled Yang, adding that it took her three years to learn the basic skills of bamboo drifting. In order to acquire more bamboo drifting skills, Yang had to practice countless difficult movements on a bamboo pole (竹竿) that was 9m in length and 15 cm in diameter (直径), and stand all the physical pain that came with it. Through years of hard training, Yang now considers the bamboo pole as her “best friend”. At one point, inspired by her grandmother, Yang began to combine dance with bamboo drifting. “My grandmother came up with an idea. She said that I had been practicing bamboo drifting since I was a child, so why not try to combine dance with the skill? It might be something different,” the young woman explained. Yang’s hard work gradually paid off when she was able to perfectly perform dancing with the traditional bamboo drifting skill. “I hope that more people can know about bamboo drifting and enjoy this form of art,” said Yang. 26．Why did Yang’s grandmother let her learn bamboo drifting? A．Because it could help Yang build herself up. B．Because Yang was very talented at it. C．Because it was the traditional skill of Yang’s family. D．Because Yang wanted to know about the intangible cultural heritage. 27．What does the underlined word “acquire” mean in Chinese? A．出售 B．收集 C．掌握 D．拒绝 28．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Yang is a little tired of bamboo drifting now. B．Yang hopes more people can know about bamboo drifting. C．Yang used to stop practicing because it was too cold in winter. D．Yang spent 3 months learning the basic skills of bamboo drifting. 29．Which word best describes Yang’s grandmother? A．Hard-working. B．Helpful. C．Kind-hearted. D．Creative. 30．Which part of a newspaper might this passage come from? A．Travel. B．Education. C．Culture. D．Science. C Many people may throw away the nuts after eating fruits, but artists of nut carving collected them and changed them into artworks (艺术品). “One nut, from 0.8 to 6 centimeters, can be made into beautiful earrings and other artworks,” said Tan Wanhai, the top artist of Weifang nut carving. The history of nut carving might start from the Qing Dynasty (1636-1912). During that time, Wang Dayan, the best artist in the Palace Museum, spread the skill to the people in Shandong province. Because of the difficult carving skills and its rich artistic meanings, Weifang nut carving was in the list of a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产)in 2008. “It’s difficult to bring this kind of traditional art to life,” said Tan, the 48-year-old artist. “Every nut looks different before we carve it,” Tan added. Artists have to study each nut to carefully plan out their artwork. Besides, according to Tan, they have to learn about some skills in painting and handwriting art from many traditional cultures. “In order to show folk stories from ancient times, I need to read many books to improve myself.” “Artists in the past were smart to change common (普通的)things into beautiful ones. Because of the creative ideas of artists in Weifang, nut carving artworks are becoming more and more popular with people in China,” Tan said. “This situation (情况), in turn, also makes many young people learn the traditional skills of nut carving, create new skills, and even help to pass down the skills to future artists.” 31．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving a fact. C．By showing opinions. D．By asking a question. 32．What can we know about a nut carving artwork from the passage? A．It was a fruit nut at first. B．It’s a form of modern art. C．It’s over 8 centimeters long. D．It’s from the Palace Museum. 33．What can we infer (推断)from the passage? A．Tan is good at all traditional forms. B．Tan is an artist full of knowledge. C．Tan was born and grew up in Shandong. D．Tan teaches nut carving in the Palace Museum. 34．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The record of nut carving. B．The artworks by a nut carving artist. C．The skills to paint and write on nuts. D．The difficulty to make nut carving artworks. 35．Which of the following is the most suitable (最适合)if you need to add one paragraph to the passage? A．A traditional folk story. B．A speech on nut carving. C．The future of nut carving. D．The history of nut carving. D The Miao people are one of the largest ethnic groups in China. They live mainly in the provinces of Guizhou, Yunnan, Hunan, and Sichuan, as well as in the Guangxi area. 36 Embroidery (刺绣) is a very important part of Miao culture and a valuable treasure (珍宝) of traditional Chinese clothing culture. Long ago, the Miao people did not have their own written language. 37 This beautiful art is like their “history book in color.” Miao embroidery is so special. In China, it has been listed as an important part of the country’s intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产). 38 Miao artists create beautiful and amazing patterns with colorful silk and cotton threads, and sometimes even horsehair. 39 You can see dragons and other animals from ancient stories, as well as everyday things like butterflies, fish, and flowers. These skills are often passed down from grandmothers to their children and grandchildren. 40 They connect traditional culture with modern life. They tell stories about daily life, celebrate important family events, and share the traditional stories with young people. Today, people still wear Miao embroidery during festivals. At the same time, people around the world love it as a beautiful and special art. It can now be found on modern things like bags and wall decorations. A．Some also make their home on Hainan Island. B．These patterns are not only beautiful but also meaningful. C．So, they used embroidery to record their history, stories, and traditions. D．They use these beautiful patterns to decorate their clothes. E．In the world, it is widely considered one of the finest examples of embroidery art. 三、完形填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 One day, Mr. Li went into the classroom with some kites. The students were very 41 . He told them that kites were invented in China more than 2,000 years ago. Students learned that Chinese make kites that mean 42 important to them. At the end of the class, Mr. Li said, “I want everyone to make a kite 43 . You will have a 44 understanding of kites than before.” Judie decided to ask her 45 for help. She enjoyed 46 kites but it was her first time to make one. “What do you think of 47 you see a kite?” her dad asked. Judie 48 for a moment and answered, “Butterflies.” Judie’s dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite, 49 they bought the things they need at once. They made a cross with some wood sticks, and then Judie painted a butterfly on 50 . Next they stuck the paper on the cross. Finally, they tied a long tail 51 the bottom. The next morning, they took the kite to the park and 52 it. “Wow! How high my butterfly flies!” Judie cried 53 . Her dad smiled and asked, “Judie, can you tell me 54 you like butterflies?” Judie replied, “To me, butterflies 55 beauty and freedom!” 41．A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising D．surprisingly 42．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 43．A．you B．your C．yourself D．yours 44．A．good B．better C．best D．the best 45．A．brother B．sister C．mom D．dad 46．A．to fly B．flying C．flew D．fly 47．A．when B．until C．although D．unless 48．A．stopped B．spoke C．thought D．talked 49．A．because B．but C．if D．so 50．A．white paper B．a white paper C．piece of white paper D．a piece of white paper 51．A．under B．above C．on D．to 52．A．trained B．sent C．tested D．reported 53．A．excitedly B．friendly C．sadly D．luckily 54．A．when B．why C．where D．how 55．A．mean B．tell C．understand D．spread 四、语篇填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 第一节 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 popular  interest  family  skill  during  make  year  have  enjoy  it Kwan Lan came to Changsha, Hunan Province. She was 56 in the art when she saw the colorful glazed painted Porcelain (釉下彩瓷) made in Liling city. “I fell in love with 57 colors,” said the artist (画家) from Taiwan, China. Kwan was born into a 58 of artists in Hong Kong, China in 1953. She moved from Taipei to Liling in Hunan and opened a studio (工作室) to learn about glazed painted porcelain. Over the past ten 59 , Kwan has become a big fan of Liling. And her studio has become 60 with young people. Porcelain 61 a long history in Liling. The place first began to make porcelain 62 the Han Dynasty (朝代). In 1915, a show of Liling glazed painted porcelain won the first place and in 2008, its 63 became a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) item. Kwan says she will go on making porcelain in Liling and hopes to be able to 64 its beauty for the rest of her life. Her husband (丈夫), Andy Ting, was fond of the art and joined her a few years ago. “Life in Liling is nice and this city is fit for 65 art,” he said. 第二节 阅读下面一首诗歌，根据语篇要求填空，使诗歌通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 Look at the “bunnies (小兔子)” in the pictures. The “bunnies” are huabobo. Zang Chaiyuan made them. Huabobo is 66 kind of traditional food in Shandong. Zang showed an interest in it when she was little. Her grandmother was good 67 making huabobo. Zang made it with her grandmother. After she finished her studies, Zang wanted to open a huabobo shop. She began 68 learn the skills from huabobo teachers. It was not easy. But Zang practised on her own and made 69 at last. Zang’s huabobo is quite popular. Every day, she receives about 40 orders from around China. Zang’s huabobo has given the traditional food new life. Zang says, “I love making huabobo and I 70 keep on doing it.” 五、补全对话（5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Do you have any hobbies related to art? B: Yes, I love painting very much. 71 ? A: I prefer traditional dance. I’ve been learning it for three years. B: That’s amazing! 72 ? A: I started learning when I was ten years old. B: 73 ? A: My mom taught me at first, and now I take classes in a dance studio. B: Have you ever performed on stage? A: 74 . I performed at the school art festival last term. B: Wow, you must be great! 75 . A: Thank you. You should try learning a traditional art form too—it’s really interesting. 六、书面表达 （20分） 随着中国经济的腾飞，越来越多的中国人意识到保护非物质文化遗产的重要性。请你以“Chinese Xuan Paper”为题，根据表格内容，介绍中国宣纸。 Place Anhui History Over 1,000 years Materials used bamboo, rice straw (稻草) How to make by hand, 18 procedures (工序), about one year Be used for calligraphy and paintings Features smell of plants, loved by writers, keep for a long time 注意： 1.短文必须包括表中所有内容，可适当增加细节； 2.词数80—100。 Chinese Xuan Paper ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测·河南专用 Unit 2 The World of Art ·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ 英语 注意事项： 1. 本试卷共10页，六个大题，满分120分，考试时间100分钟。 2. 本试卷上不要答题，请按答题卡上注意事项的要求，直接把答案填写在答题卡上。答在试卷上的答案无效。 一、听力理解（20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话读两遍。 1．Which story are they talking about? A．Hansel and Gretel. B．Journey to the West. C．The Emperor’s New Clothes. 【答案】A 【原文】M: Look, the bird is leading them to a house! W: The house is made of bread, cake and candy. It’s so amazing! 2．How may the boy feel? A．Disappointed. B．Happy. C．Tired. 【答案】A 【原文】M: Mom, I failed to join the art club. W: Oh, baby. I’m sorry to hear that. Don’t lose heart. 3．What are the speakers talking about? A．Greeting people. B．Table manners. C．Gift giving. 【答案】A 【原文】W: Jack asked if he could greet people by kissing in China. M: He’d better not. Chinese often shake hands with people as a greeting. 4．What are the speakers talking about? A．Greeting people. B．Table manners. C．Gift giving. 【答案】A 【原文】W: Jack asked if he could greet people by kissing in China. M: He’d better not. Chinese often shake hands with people as a greeting. 5．What traditional crafts (手工艺品) does Sandy like? A．Chinese lanterns. B．Chinese paper-cuts. C．Chinese clay art. 【答案】A 【原文】A: What traditional crafts do you like, Sandy? B: I love Chinese lanterns. 第二节 听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。 6．How long is the history of Chinese paper-cutting? A．More than 3,000 years. B．More than 4,000 years. C．More than 5,000 years. 7．What is it made of? A．White cloth. B．Red paper. C．White card. 【答案】6．A 7．B 【原文】W: Hi, Tom. I want to learn Chinese paper-cutting. Could you tell me something about it? M: Sure. It is a kind of traditional art. It has a history of more than 3,000 years. W: What is it made of? M: It is made of red paper. W: Red paper? I’m really interested in it. Thanks for telling me so much. M: You’re welcome. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9两个小题。 8．When does Millie plan to share the book? A．Next Tuesday. B．Next Wednesday. C．Next Thursday. 9．Who will dance at the party? A．Alex. B．Lily. C．Sally. 【答案】8．C 9．A 【原文】A: Hey, Kent. Could you please lend me the book Little Women? B: Sure, Millie. It’s in the box under the bed. Help yourself. A: Thank you. I read it once before. And I plan to share it in the reading club next Thursday. B: That’s good. It’s a wonderful book. A: Did you buy any books these days? B: No. I plan to go to the town this afternoon. There is a new bookshop on Center Street. Would you like to go with me? A: Well, I’d love to. But I’ve promised to go to my classmate Lily’s party. It starts at 4:10 p.m. B: OK. Will you dance at the party? A: No. Alex will dance and Sally will play country music with her band. B: Sounds fun. Have a good time. 听下面一段独白，回答第10至第12三个小题。 10．When did Ms. Wu begin to study paper cutting? A．At the age of 12. B．At the age of 13. C．At the age of 14. 11．What prize did Ms. Wu win in the competition in 2003? A．The third prize. B．The first prize. C．The second prize. 12．How did Ms. Wu feel about making paper cutting more popular? A．Proud. B．Excited. C．Nervous. 【答案】10．B 11．C 12．A 【原文】    In 2024, Ms. Wu held a paper cutting show in the USA. She hoped more people would enjoy it. When she was 13 years old, Ms. Wu began to study paper cutting. In 2003, she won the second prize in a national art competition. She went to America after finishing college in 2008. Soon after her 23rd birthday, she started to introduce Chinese paper cutting to American people. She said she felt proud of making this kind of art more popular. 听下面一段对话，回答第13至第15三个小题。 13．When did New Year pictures become popular? A．In the Song Dynasty. B．In the Qing Dynasty. C．In the Ming Dynasty. 14．What can we probably see in the New Year pictures? A．Basketballs and volleyballs B．Books and dictionaries. C．Birds and flowers. 15．How many famous places are mentioned? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. 【答案】13．A 14．C 15．B 【原文】W: Li Xiang, look at the picture. The baby with a big fish is lovely. M: Yes. It is a New Year picture. W: Can you tell me something about it? M: Sure. It is popular in China. People often put them on the walls during the Spring Festival. W: Well, when did New Year pictures become popular? M: It became popular in the Song Dynasty. During the Qing Dynasty, people began to call it “Nianhua”. W: What can we see in the New Year pictures? M: That’s a good question. We can see something beautiful, like birds and flowers. W: Can we find New Year pictures all over China? M: Yes. But there are four famous places. They are Yangliuqing in Tianjin, Yangjiabu in Shandong, Taohuawu in Jiangsu and Mianzhu in Sichuan. W: You know so much about Chinese New Year pictures. How excellent! M: Thank you. 第三节 你将听到一则活动通知。请用你所听到的内容，填写表格中所缺单词，每空限填一词或一个数字。短文读两遍。 Fans History ◆Ancient Chinese people first created fans around the 16 century. ◆They are made of paper and thin bamboo. ◆They come in different 17 . Uses ◆People used fans to keep cool at first. ◆Many people began to 18 words or paíntings to fans. ◆Fans can carry art and 19 feelings. ◆In dances and dramas, people also use fans. Importance ◆Fans are no longer just 20 tools. ◆They have become part of Chinese culture. 【答案】16．fourth/4th 17．types 18．add 19．express 20．simple 【原文】 Welcome to today’s Cultural Wonders. I want to talk about fans. Ancient Chinese people first created fans around the 4th century. Fans are made of paper and thin bamboo. They come in different types. At first, people used fans to keep cool. But over time, fans became more than that. Many people began to add words or paintings to fans. This made fans special items, as they can carry art and express feelings. In dances and dramas, people also use fans. Now fans are no longer just simple tools. They have become part of Chinese culture. 二、阅读理解 （20小题，每小题2分，共40分） 阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。 A Join us to explore the magic of traditional Chinese arts! Find your favorite class and sign up now! Chinese Paper Cutting ClassWant to create art with just paper and scissors? Want to make lucky decorations (装饰物) for your home? Join us and start creating! Only ¥480 for 8 lessons (All materials included!) Place: Room 201, Art Building Time: 4:00 p.m.—5:30 p.m. every Tuesday Chinese Calligraphy ClassWant to write beautiful characters with a brush? Want to find peace through ancient art? Just come and join us! Only ¥500 for 10 lessons (Brush and paper not included!) Place: Room 105, Cultural Hall Time: 4:30 p.m.—6:30 p.m. every Thursday Chinese Knotting ClassWant to learn beautiful patterns (花样)? Want to make lucky gifts by yourself? Be part of us! Only ¥600 for 6 lessons (All tools included!) Place: Room 303, Art Building Time: 10:00 a.m.—12:00 p.m. every Saturday Peking Opera Mask Painting ClassWant to paint colorful faces with meaning? Want to learn stories of heroes? Join us now! Only ¥480 for 4 lessons (All materials included!) Place: Room 102, Cultural Hall Time: 4:00 p.m.—6:00 p.m. every Friday If you want to know more, visit the school office or call Ms. Wu at (123) 456-7890 before September 5th. 21．Where is the Chinese Knotting Class held? A．Room 201, Art Building. B．Room 303, Art Building. C．Room 105, Cultural Hall. D．Room 102, Cultural Hall. 22．What can you learn from Chinese Calligraphy Class? A．To make lucky gifts by myself. B．To paint colorful faces with meaning. C．To write beautiful characters with a brush. D．To make lucky decorations for my home. 23．How long does each Chinese Paper Cutting lesson last? A．1 hour. B．1.5 hours. C．2 hours. D．2.5 hours. 24．Which class is the most expensive each lesson? A．Chinese Knotting. B．Chinese Calligraphy. C．Chinese Paper Cutting. D．Peking Opera Mask Painting. 25．What kind of text is the passage (文章)? A．An email. B．A novel. C．An advertisement. D．A speech. 【答案】21．B 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则推广中国传统文化艺术课程的招生广告，介绍了剪纸、书法、中国结和京剧脸谱绘制四门课程的特色、费用、上课时间与地点，号召大家报名参与，体验传统艺术的魅力。 【详解】21．细节理解题。根据“Chinese Knotting Class | Place: Room 303, Art Building”可知，中国结课程在艺术楼303室。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据“Chinese Calligraphy Class | Want to write beautiful characters with a brush?”可知，在中国书法课上，大家能学会用毛笔写出漂亮的汉字。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据“Chinese Paper Cutting Class | Time: 4:00 p.m.—5:30 p.m. every Tuesday”可知，剪纸课的时间是：4:00 p.m.—5:30 p.m.，计算时长为1小时30分钟，即1.5小时。故选B。 24．细节理解题。根据“Chinese Paper Cutting Class | Only ¥480 for 8 lessons (All materials included!)”、“Chinese Calligraphy Class | Only ¥500 for 10 lessons (Brush and paper not included!)”、“Chinese Knotting Class | Only ¥600 for 6 lessons (All tools included!)”和“Peking Opera Mask Painting Class | Only ¥480 for 4 lessons (All materials included!)”可知，剪纸课：480元÷8课= 60元/课；书法课：500元÷10课= 50元/课；中国结课：600元÷6课=100元/课；京剧脸谱课：480元÷4课= 120元/课；对比可知，京剧脸谱课单课价格最高，为120元/课。故选D。 25．推理判断题。本文以吸引报名为目的，包含课程介绍、费用、时间等招生信息，语言带有号召性 (如“Join us now!”)，是典型的广告文体。故选C。 B Yang Liu is an inheritor (传承人) of bamboo drifting (独竹漂), which is a form of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产). She started to learn it from her grandmother when she was 7. As she was weak in health as a child, her grandmother wanted her to get into better shape through this sport. Yang threw herself into practicing bamboo drifting all year round, even in the winter cold and summer heat. “It was common for me to fall into the water when I started practicing,” recalled Yang, adding that it took her three years to learn the basic skills of bamboo drifting. In order to acquire more bamboo drifting skills, Yang had to practice countless difficult movements on a bamboo pole (竹竿) that was 9m in length and 15 cm in diameter (直径), and stand all the physical pain that came with it. Through years of hard training, Yang now considers the bamboo pole as her “best friend”. At one point, inspired by her grandmother, Yang began to combine dance with bamboo drifting. “My grandmother came up with an idea. She said that I had been practicing bamboo drifting since I was a child, so why not try to combine dance with the skill? It might be something different,” the young woman explained. Yang’s hard work gradually paid off when she was able to perfectly perform dancing with the traditional bamboo drifting skill. “I hope that more people can know about bamboo drifting and enjoy this form of art,” said Yang. 26．Why did Yang’s grandmother let her learn bamboo drifting? A．Because it could help Yang build herself up. B．Because Yang was very talented at it. C．Because it was the traditional skill of Yang’s family. D．Because Yang wanted to know about the intangible cultural heritage. 27．What does the underlined word “acquire” mean in Chinese? A．出售 B．收集 C．掌握 D．拒绝 28．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Yang is a little tired of bamboo drifting now. B．Yang hopes more people can know about bamboo drifting. C．Yang used to stop practicing because it was too cold in winter. D．Yang spent 3 months learning the basic skills of bamboo drifting. 29．Which word best describes Yang’s grandmother? A．Hard-working. B．Helpful. C．Kind-hearted. D．Creative. 30．Which part of a newspaper might this passage come from? A．Travel. B．Education. C．Culture. D．Science. 【答案】26．A 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了非物质文化遗产“独竹漂”的传承人杨柳从小在祖母的引导下学习这项技艺，通过多年的刻苦训练掌握了高超的技艺，并创新地将舞蹈与独竹漂结合，希望更多人了解并喜爱这门艺术。 26．细节理解题。根据“As she was weak in health as a child, her grandmother wanted her to get into better shape through this sport.”可知，杨柳的祖母让她学习独竹漂是为了增强她的体质。故选A。 27．词句猜测题。根据“In order to acquire more bamboo drifting skills, Yang had to practice countless difficult movements...”结合上下文，通过刻苦训练目的是“掌握”更多技巧，因此“acquire”意为“掌握”。故选C。 28．细节理解题。根据“I hope that more people can know about bamboo drifting and enjoy this form of art”可知，杨柳希望更多人了解独竹漂。故选B。 29．推理判断题。根据“At one point, inspired by her grandmother, Yang began to combine dance with bamboo drifting. ‘My grandmother came up with an idea...’”可知，是祖母提出了将舞蹈与独竹漂结合的想法，这体现了她的“创造性”。故选D。 30．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了非物质文化遗产“独竹漂”的传承与创新，属于文化类主题。因此，这篇文章最可能出现在报纸的“文化”板块。故选C。 C Many people may throw away the nuts after eating fruits, but artists of nut carving collected them and changed them into artworks (艺术品). “One nut, from 0.8 to 6 centimeters, can be made into beautiful earrings and other artworks,” said Tan Wanhai, the top artist of Weifang nut carving. The history of nut carving might start from the Qing Dynasty (1636-1912). During that time, Wang Dayan, the best artist in the Palace Museum, spread the skill to the people in Shandong province. Because of the difficult carving skills and its rich artistic meanings, Weifang nut carving was in the list of a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产)in 2008. “It’s difficult to bring this kind of traditional art to life,” said Tan, the 48-year-old artist. “Every nut looks different before we carve it,” Tan added. Artists have to study each nut to carefully plan out their artwork. Besides, according to Tan, they have to learn about some skills in painting and handwriting art from many traditional cultures. “In order to show folk stories from ancient times, I need to read many books to improve myself.” “Artists in the past were smart to change common (普通的)things into beautiful ones. Because of the creative ideas of artists in Weifang, nut carving artworks are becoming more and more popular with people in China,” Tan said. “This situation (情况), in turn, also makes many young people learn the traditional skills of nut carving, create new skills, and even help to pass down the skills to future artists.” 31．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving a fact. C．By showing opinions. D．By asking a question. 32．What can we know about a nut carving artwork from the passage? A．It was a fruit nut at first. B．It’s a form of modern art. C．It’s over 8 centimeters long. D．It’s from the Palace Museum. 33．What can we infer (推断)from the passage? A．Tan is good at all traditional forms. B．Tan is an artist full of knowledge. C．Tan was born and grew up in Shandong. D．Tan teaches nut carving in the Palace Museum. 34．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The record of nut carving. B．The artworks by a nut carving artist. C．The skills to paint and write on nuts. D．The difficulty to make nut carving artworks. 35．Which of the following is the most suitable (最适合)if you need to add one paragraph to the passage? A．A traditional folk story. B．A speech on nut carving. C．The future of nut carving. D．The history of nut carving. 【答案】31．B 32．A 33．B 34．D 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国传统民间艺术核雕的起源、创作难度、传承现状与发展趋势。 【详解】31．根据第一段第一句“Many people may throw away the nuts after eating fruits, but artists of nut carving collected them and changed them into artworks”，作者用人们扔果核和艺术家捡果核做艺术品的客观事实开篇。 32．根据第一段第一句和第二句“One nut, from 0.8 to 6 centimeters, can be made into beautiful earrings and other artworks”，核雕作品的原料就是原本的水果果核。 33．根据第四段“they have to learn about some skills in painting and handwriting art from many traditional cultures...I need to read many books to improve myself”，谭先生为了核雕要学习多种传统技艺、大量阅读，能推断出他是学识渊博的艺术家。 34．第四段开头“It’s difficult to bring this kind of traditional art to life”是主旨句，后面讲的研究果核、构思作品、学习各类技能都是在说明核雕创作的难度。 35．文章最后一段提到核雕越来越受欢迎、年轻人开始学习传承，加一段讲核雕的未来发展能和现有内容形成完整逻辑链。 D The Miao people are one of the largest ethnic groups in China. They live mainly in the provinces of Guizhou, Yunnan, Hunan, and Sichuan, as well as in the Guangxi area. 36 Embroidery (刺绣) is a very important part of Miao culture and a valuable treasure (珍宝) of traditional Chinese clothing culture. Long ago, the Miao people did not have their own written language. 37 This beautiful art is like their “history book in color.” Miao embroidery is so special. In China, it has been listed as an important part of the country’s intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产). 38 Miao artists create beautiful and amazing patterns with colorful silk and cotton threads, and sometimes even horsehair. 39 You can see dragons and other animals from ancient stories, as well as everyday things like butterflies, fish, and flowers. These skills are often passed down from grandmothers to their children and grandchildren. 40 They connect traditional culture with modern life. They tell stories about daily life, celebrate important family events, and share the traditional stories with young people. Today, people still wear Miao embroidery during festivals. At the same time, people around the world love it as a beautiful and special art. It can now be found on modern things like bags and wall decorations. A．Some also make their home on Hainan Island. B．These patterns are not only beautiful but also meaningful. C．So, they used embroidery to record their history, stories, and traditions. D．They use these beautiful patterns to decorate their clothes. E．In the world, it is widely considered one of the finest examples of embroidery art. 【答案】36．A 37．C 38．E 39．D 40．B 【导语】本文介绍了苗族文化及其刺绣艺术。 【详解】36．根据“They live mainly in the provinces of Guizhou, Yunnan, Hunan, and Sichuan, as well as in the Guangxi area.”可知，此处补充其他分布地，使内容更完整，选项A“还有一些人则在海南岛安家。”符合语境。故选A。 37．根据“Long ago, the Miao people did not have their own written language…This beautiful art is like their ‘history book in color.’”可知，此处解释原因，形成因果关系。选项C“因此，他们通过刺绣来记录自己的历史、故事和传统。”符合语境。故选C。 38．根据“Miao embroidery is so special. In China, it has been listed as an important part of the country’s intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产).”可知，此处扩展话题，从国内认可过渡到国际认可，选项E“在全世界范围内，它被广泛认为是刺绣艺术中最杰出的范例之一。”符合语境。故选E。 39．根据“You can see dragons and other animals from ancient stories, as well as everyday things like butterflies, fish, and flowers.”可知，此处说明图案用途，自然引出后文的图案例子，选项D“他们用这些精美的图案来装饰自己的衣物。”符合语境。故选D。 40．根据“They connect traditional culture with modern life. They tell stories about daily life, celebrate important family events, and share the traditional stories with young people.”可知，此处需点明图案特性，后文“They”顺承指代图案，解释其文化连接作用，选项B“这些图案不仅美观，而且富有意义。”符合语境。故选B。 三、完形填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。 One day, Mr. Li went into the classroom with some kites. The students were very 41 . He told them that kites were invented in China more than 2,000 years ago. Students learned that Chinese make kites that mean 42 important to them. At the end of the class, Mr. Li said, “I want everyone to make a kite 43 . You will have a 44 understanding of kites than before.” Judie decided to ask her 45 for help. She enjoyed 46 kites but it was her first time to make one. “What do you think of 47 you see a kite?” her dad asked. Judie 48 for a moment and answered, “Butterflies.” Judie’s dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite, 49 they bought the things they need at once. They made a cross with some wood sticks, and then Judie painted a butterfly on 50 . Next they stuck the paper on the cross. Finally, they tied a long tail 51 the bottom. The next morning, they took the kite to the park and 52 it. “Wow! How high my butterfly flies!” Judie cried 53 . Her dad smiled and asked, “Judie, can you tell me 54 you like butterflies?” Judie replied, “To me, butterflies 55 beauty and freedom!” 41．A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising D．surprisingly 42．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 43．A．you B．your C．yourself D．yours 44．A．good B．better C．best D．the best 45．A．brother B．sister C．mom D．dad 46．A．to fly B．flying C．flew D．fly 47．A．when B．until C．although D．unless 48．A．stopped B．spoke C．thought D．talked 49．A．because B．but C．if D．so 50．A．white paper B．a white paper C．piece of white paper D．a piece of white paper 51．A．under B．above C．on D．to 52．A．trained B．sent C．tested D．reported 53．A．excitedly B．friendly C．sadly D．luckily 54．A．when B．why C．where D．how 55．A．mean B．tell C．understand D．spread 【答案】 41．B 42．A 43．C 44．B 45．D 46．B 47．A 48．C 49．D 50．D 51．D 52．C 53．A 54．B 55．A 【导语】本文讲述了李老师通过风筝历史课激发学生兴趣，Judie在父亲帮助下制作蝴蝶风筝，最终成功放飞并领悟其象征意义的温馨故事。 【详解】41．句意：李老师拿着几只风筝走进教室，学生们都十分惊讶。 主语是人the students，修饰人要用形容词surprised；surprise为名词或动词，surprising修饰事物，surprisingly是副词，均不符合语法。 42．句意：学生们了解到，中国人制作对他们有着重要意义的风筝。 本句为肯定陈述句，something用于肯定句，表示“某种事物”；anything多用于否定句、疑问句，nothing表否定含义，everything指所有事物，语境不符。 43．句意：我希望每个人都亲手做一只风筝。 固定搭配make sth. oneself表示“亲手制作某物”，此处反身代词yourself对应everyone；you主格、your形容词性物主代词、yours名词性物主代词，均无法单独作状语。 44．句意：你们会比以前对风筝有更好的了解。 句中出现比较标志词than，要用形容词比较级better；good原级，best最高级，the best带定冠词，均不能用于比较句式。 45．句意：朱迪决定向她爸爸求助。 根据后文“her dad asked”可判断求助对象是爸爸dad；brother“兄弟”、sister“姐妹”、mom“妈妈”，和下文人物对应不上。 46．句意：她很喜欢放风筝，但这是她第一次制作风筝。 固定搭配enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，fly变动名词flying。 47．句意：当你看见风筝的时候，你会想到什么？ when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”；until“直到”，although“虽然”，unless“除非”，逻辑与句子语境不匹配。 48．句意：朱迪思考了一会儿然后回答：“蝴蝶。” thought是think的过去式，think for a moment表示“思考片刻”；stopped“停下”，spoke“说话”，talked“交谈”，都不能搭配for a moment表达思考动作。 49．句意：朱迪爸爸觉得做蝴蝶风筝是个好主意，所以他们立刻去买需要的材料。 前后两句是因果顺承关系，so“因此”，符合句意；because表原因，but表转折，if表假设，逻辑不符。 50．句意：他们用木条搭好骨架，然后朱迪在一张白纸上画了一只蝴蝶。 paper不可数，表达“一张纸”必须用a piece of white paper；A缺少量词，B不可数名词paper前不能直接用a修饰、C缺少不定冠词a，均为错误表达。 51．句意：最后，他们在底部系上长长的尾巴。 固定搭配tie sth. to sth.“把某物系在某物上”；under“在下方”，above“在上方”，on“在表面”，均无tie搭配用法。 52．句意：第二天早上，他们把风筝带到公园试飞。 test此处为动词“测试、试飞”；train“训练”，send“发送”，report“报道”，都不符合放风筝的语境。 53．句意：“哇！我的蝴蝶飞得好高！”朱迪激动地大喊。 修饰动词cried需要副词，excitedly“激动地”；friendly“友好的”是形容词，sadly“伤心地”、luckily“幸运地”，情感不符合句子喜悦氛围。 54．句意：爸爸笑着问：朱迪，你能告诉我你为什么喜欢蝴蝶吗？ 后文朱迪回答蝴蝶代表美丽和自由，是在说明喜欢蝴蝶的原因，用why提问原因；when问时间，where问地点，how问方式。 55．句意：对我来说，蝴蝶代表美丽和自由！ mean意为“代表、意味着”，与语境符合；tell“告诉”，understand“理解”，spread“传播”，词义不符合句子表达。 四、语篇填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 第一节 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 popular  interest  family  skill  during  make  year  have  enjoy  it Kwan Lan came to Changsha, Hunan Province. She was 56 in the art when she saw the colorful glazed painted Porcelain (釉下彩瓷) made in Liling city. “I fell in love with 57 colors,” said the artist (画家) from Taiwan, China. Kwan was born into a 58 of artists in Hong Kong, China in 1953. She moved from Taipei to Liling in Hunan and opened a studio (工作室) to learn about glazed painted porcelain. Over the past ten 59 , Kwan has become a big fan of Liling. And her studio has become 60 with young people. Porcelain 61 a long history in Liling. The place first began to make porcelain 62 the Han Dynasty (朝代). In 1915, a show of Liling glazed painted porcelain won the first place and in 2008, its 63 became a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) item. Kwan says she will go on making porcelain in Liling and hopes to be able to 64 its beauty for the rest of her life. Her husband (丈夫), Andy Ting, was fond of the art and joined her a few years ago. “Life in Liling is nice and this city is fit for 65 art,” he said. 【答案】 56．interested 57．its 58．family 59．years 60．popular 61．has 62．during 63．skills 64．enjoy 65．making 【导语】本文主要介绍了来自中国台湾的艺术家关兰来到湖南醴陵，爱上醴陵釉下彩瓷并在醴陵开设工作室，还介绍了醴陵瓷器的历史，以及关兰和她丈夫对醴陵及醴陵瓷器艺术的喜爱。 【详解】56．句意：当她看到醴陵市色彩缤纷的釉下彩瓷时，她对这种艺术产生了兴趣。be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”，此处需将 interest变为形容词interested。 57．句意：“我爱上了它的颜色，”这位来自中国台湾的画家说道。此处修饰名词colors，需用it的形容词性物主代词its，意为“它的颜色”。 58．句意：关兰1953年出生于中国香港的一个艺术世家。她出生在一个艺术家“家庭”，a family of表示“一个……的家庭”，所以填family。 59．句意：在过去的十年里，关兰已经成为醴陵的忠实粉丝。“Over the past ten”后接复数名词，“在过去的十年里”，用years。 60．句意：她的工作室也受到年轻人的欢迎。“become popular with”意为“受……欢迎”，她的工作室受年轻人欢迎，填popular。 61．句意：醴陵的瓷器有着悠久的历史。瓷器在醴陵“有”悠久的历史，主语Porcelain是第三人称单数，一般现在时用has。 62．句意：该地最早在汉朝时期开始制作瓷器。“在汉朝期间”用during the Han Dynasty，填during。 63．句意：1915年，醴陵釉下彩瓷展览获得一等奖，2008年，其技艺成为国家级非物质文化遗产项目。它的“技艺”成为国家非物质文化遗产项目，这里指制作釉下彩瓷的技艺，用skills。 64．句意：关兰说她将继续在醴陵制作瓷器，并希望余生都能欣赏它的美丽。她希望余生能够“欣赏”它的美，hope to do sth.，填enjoy。 65．句意：“醴陵的生活很美好，这座城市适合创作艺术，”他说。“be fit for doing sth.”表示“适合做某事”，这里指这座城市适合“制作”艺术，填making。 第二节 阅读下面一首诗歌，根据语篇要求填空，使诗歌通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。 Look at the “bunnies (小兔子)” in the pictures. The “bunnies” are huabobo. Zang Chaiyuan made them. Huabobo is 66 kind of traditional food in Shandong. Zang showed an interest in it when she was little. Her grandmother was good 67 making huabobo. Zang made it with her grandmother. After she finished her studies, Zang wanted to open a huabobo shop. She began 68 learn the skills from huabobo teachers. It was not easy. But Zang practised on her own and made 69 at last. Zang’s huabobo is quite popular. Every day, she receives about 40 orders from around China. Zang’s huabobo has given the traditional food new life. Zang says, “I love making huabobo and I 70 keep on doing it.” 【答案】66．a 67．at 68．to 69．it 70．will 【导语】本文介绍了臧钗瑗传承和发扬山东传统花饽饽制作技艺，开设店铺并使之受欢迎的故事。 【详解】66．句意：花饽饽是山东的一种传统食物。此处泛指“一种”传统食物，用不定冠词a。 67．句意：她的奶奶擅长制作花饽饽。“be good at”为固定搭配，意为“擅长”，故填at。 68．句意：她开始向花饽饽老师学习技艺。“begin to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“开始做某事”，故填to。 69．句意：但臧钗瑗自己练习，并最终成功了。“made it”为固定短语，意为“成功”，故填it。 70．句意：臧钗瑗说：“我喜欢制作花饽饽，我会继续做下去。”此处表示将来的意愿和决心，用will。 五、补全对话（5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Do you have any hobbies related to art? B: Yes, I love painting very much. 71 ? A: I prefer traditional dance. I’ve been learning it for three years. B: That’s amazing! 72 ? A: I started learning when I was ten years old. B: 73 ? A: My mom taught me at first, and now I take classes in a dance studio. B: Have you ever performed on stage? A: 74 . I performed at the school art festival last term. B: Wow, you must be great! 75 . A: Thank you. You should try learning a traditional art form too—it’s really interesting. 【答案】71．What about you 72．When did you start learning it 73．Who taught you at first 74．Yes, I have 75．You are so cool 【导语】本文主要讲了A和B之间关于艺术爱好的一段对话。 【详解】71．前句B说“Yes, I love painting very much.”，后句A回答“I prefer traditional dance.”，说明B在表明自己的爱好后，反过来询问A的爱好是什么。常用“What about you”来将话题转向对方，该问句与后句A的舞蹈偏好直接对应，使对话自然延续，符合交际逻辑。 72．后句A回答“I started learning when I was ten years old.”，说明前句B是在询问A开始学习舞蹈的时间。对起始时间提问常用“When did you start learning it”，该问句与后句的回答直接呼应，问答匹配，逻辑通顺。 73．后句A回答“My mom taught me at first, and now I take classes in a dance studio.”，说明前句B是在询问A最初是跟谁学的舞蹈。对指导者提问常用“Who taught you at first”，该问句与后句最开始是妈妈教的，后来在舞蹈室上课的描述直接对应，衔接自然。 74．前句B问“Have you ever performed on stage?”，后句A接着说“I performed at the school art festival last term.”，说明A有过登台表演的经历。对现在完成时的一般疑问句“Have you ever...”作肯定回答常用“Yes, I have”，既回应了前句的时态和句式，又为后句具体经历描述提供前提，逻辑通顺。 75．前句A提到上学期在校园艺术节表演过，后句A接着说“Thank you.”，说明B在前句表达了对A的赞美或钦佩。常用“You are so cool”来表达赞赏，既回应了A的表演经历，又自然引出A的道谢和后续鼓励，使对话连贯完整。 六、书面表达 （20分） 随着中国经济的腾飞，越来越多的中国人意识到保护非物质文化遗产的重要性。请你以“Chinese Xuan Paper”为题，根据表格内容，介绍中国宣纸。 Place Anhui History Over 1,000 years Materials used bamboo, rice straw (稻草) How to make by hand, 18 procedures (工序), about one year Be used for calligraphy and paintings Features smell of plants, loved by writers, keep for a long time 注意： 1.短文必须包括表中所有内容，可适当增加细节； 2.词数80—100。 Chinese Xuan Paper _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Chinese Xuan Paper Xuan Paper is one of our famous Chinese cultural treasures. It is mainly produced in Anhui Province. It has a long history of over 1,000 years. People make it with natural materials like bamboo and rice straw. The whole work is done by hand. It needs 18 procedures and it takes about one year to finish. Xuan Paper is widely used for Chinese calligraphy and paintings. It has a fresh plant smell and is loved by writers. What’s more, works on it can be kept for a long time. It is truly a great part of our intangible cultural heritage. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：介绍性说明文，以一般现在时为主，客观介绍中国宣纸的相关信息 明确要点：表格中所有内容（产地、历史、制作材料、制作方式、用途、特点），可适当补充细节 确定人称：第三人称（it/people），避免使用第一人称，保持说明的客观性 注意事项：词数控制在80—100之间，涵盖所有要点，语言简洁易懂，符合初中生英语水平 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，点明宣纸是中国非物质文化遗产，引出其产地 主体段：依次介绍宣纸的历史、制作材料、制作方式，清晰呈现核心信息 结尾段：介绍宣纸的用途和特点，总结其价值，呼应开头的非物质文化遗产主题 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：产地与地位 地点描述：Anhui Province/mainly produced in Anhui/from Anhui/in southern Anhui等 地位说明：one of our famous Chinese cultural treasures/a symbol of Chinese culture/a national treasure等 历史介绍：over 1,000 years/a long history of over 1,000 years/with a history of more than 1,000 years等 要点二：材料与制作 材料选择：bamboo, rice straw/bamboo and rice straw/natural materials like bamboo and rice straw等 制作方式：by hand/made by hand/completely made by hand/all done by hand等 工序时间：18 procedures, about one year/18 steps, takes about one year/18 procedures and about one year等 要点三：用途与特点 用途说明：calligraphy and paintings/used for calligraphy and paintings/widely used for Chinese calligraphy and paintings等 特点描述：smell of plants/fresh plant smell/a fresh plant smell/has a plant smell等 受欢迎程度：loved by writers/deeply loved by writers/popular with writers and artists等 保存特性：keep for a long time/can be kept for a long time/lasts for centuries/works on it can be kept for a long time等 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $