专题21 谓语动词的时态（知识清单）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习知识清单聚焦谓语动词时态专题，通过知识脑图搭建核心脉络，涵盖高考八大核心时态、时态语态综合判断规则、语法填空解题流程及书面表达高频失分点，构建系统复习框架。 清单采用考点分层突破设计，如将完成时态标注为语法填空最高频考点，配套“现完看现在，过完找过去”等记忆口诀，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设语法填空四步解题流程及书面表达失分点警示，精选2021-2025年北京卷等高考真题并附解析，助力学生自主高效复习，教师可据此精准指导备考。

清单21 谓语动词的时态 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 高考八大核心时态 知识点1 现在时态 知识点2 进行时态 知识点3 完成时态 考点二 时态语态综合判断规则 1 先判断空格是否作谓语；非谓语不涉及时态变形 2 主语与动词：主动用原形 /doing/done；被动用 be done 3 被动无进行 / 完成遗漏 be 动词；happen/appear 等无被动 考点三 书面表达最容易出错场景 考点 3 语法填空通用解题流程 ① 判断空格为句子谓语动词（有主语、缺动作） ② 抓取时间标志 / 上下文，锁定时态大类 ③ 判断主被动逻辑，确定被动结构 be done 4 结合主谓一致调整 be 动词、动词三单 / 复数 考点四 书面表达高频时态失分点 1. 记叙文通篇混用一般过去、现在完成，时间混乱 2. 科普说明文客观事实误用过去时态 3. since/so far 后不用现在完成时 4. by the time + 过去时，主句忘记过去完成时 5. when 引导长背景不用过去进行时 6 定语从句、主语从句内部时态与主句不呼应 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点一 八大核心时态 知识点 1 一般时态 1. 一般现在时 用法：客观真理、常态习惯、客观介绍、书信客观描述 标志：every, always, usually, 客观科普无时间词 结构：主语三单动词 + s/es，其余原形 例句：Physics plays an important part in science. 2. 一般过去时 用法：过去特定时间发生、一次性动作，与现在无关联 标志：yesterday, last…, …ago, in + 过去年份 结构：动词过去式 例句：The museum opened in 2010. 3. 一般将来时 用法：未来计划、客观趋势 结构：will do /be going to do；瞬时动词 come/leave 用现在进行表将来 知识点 2 进行时态 1. 现在进行时 用法：此刻动作、现阶段临时状态、带感情色彩（always 表不满） 标志：now, at present, look, listen 结构：am/is/are doing 2. 过去进行时 用法：过去某时刻正在做；长动作背景下插入短动作 标志：at 8 yesterday, when/while 例句：I was reading when the power cut off. 知识点 3 完成时态（语法填空最高频） 1. 现在完成时（连接过去与现在） 三大用法：过去动作影响现在；持续到现在；人生经历 标志：since, for, so far, up to now, already, yet 固定句型：It is the first time that…(从句现完) 区分：have been to（去过已回）/have gone to（去了未回） 例句：China has built many mangrove reserves up to now. 2. 过去完成时（过去的过去） 必备条件：存在参照性过去动作，动作发生在参照之前 标志：by + 过去时间，by the time + 过去时 例句：By the time we arrived, the film had started. 3. 现在完成进行时 用法：持续动作 + 强调过程 / 略带疲惫，常带 all day 考点 2 时态语态综合判断规则 1. 先判断空格是否作谓语；非谓语不涉及时态变形 2. 主语与动词：主动用原形 /doing/done；被动用 be done 3. 被动无进行 / 完成遗漏 be 动词；happen/appear 等无被动 考点 3 语法填空通用解题流程 ① 判断空格为句子谓语动词（有主语、缺动作） ② 抓取时间标志 / 上下文，锁定时态大类 ③ 判断主被动逻辑，确定被动结构 be done ④ 结合主谓一致调整 be 动词、动词三单 / 复数 知识点 4 书面表达高频时态失分点 1. 记叙文通篇混用一般过去、现在完成，时间混乱 2. 科普说明文客观事实误用过去时态 3. since/so far 后不用现在完成时 4. by the time + 过去时，主句忘记过去完成时 5. when 引导长背景不用过去进行时 6 定语从句、主语从句内部时态与主句不呼应 现完看现在，过完找过去； 进行配时刻，过去配 ago； by 加过去用过完，客观事实用现在； 主语分清主被动，三单变形别遗漏。 优题精练·专题实战通关 考点 动词的时态、语态与主谓一致 1.(2025·北京·高考) By the time you brushed your teeth, you 15 (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 16 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【答案】15.had made 16.are achieved 【解析】 15.考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。 16.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 2. (2024·北京·高考) When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 13 (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 【答案】gives 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中，根据helps可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，gives与helps并列，作并列谓语。故填gives。 3.(2024·北京·高考) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 15 (name) the world’s oldest living man. 【答案】was named 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 4.(2023·北京·高考)Up to now, China 16 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】has established 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 5.(2022·北京·高考)Gas naturally 16 (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 【答案】has 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。 6.(2022·北京·高考)The use of those plastics 20 (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 【答案】has increased 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。 7.(2021·北京·高考)As it 13 (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story, and you get a dream． 【答案】connects 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词tums可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。 8.(2021·北京·高考)There 17 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, 18caused (cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 【答案】has been 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 9.（2026届北京市东城区高三期末二模试题） Evan Budz, a 15-year-old from Canada, won first place at the 36th EU Contest for Young Scientists with his autonomous bionic sea turtle robot. He ____14____ (inspire) when he observed the movement of real turtles during a camping trip. His design enables smoother movement through water, ____15____ (reduce) impact on the delicate underwater ecosystems. ____16____ an AI-powered computer vision system, the robot monitors coral health and aids underwater surveys and coral reef protection. Budz’s innovation shows young people’s remarkable capability ____17____ (tackle) complex technical and environmental challenges. 【答案】14. was inspired 15. reducing 16. With 17. to tackle 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了加拿大15岁少年 Evan Budz 凭借自主仿生海龟机器人斩获欧盟青年科学家大赛一等奖，介绍了该机器人的设计灵感、优势、人工智能功能以及这项创新体现出年轻人应对科技与环境难题的能力。 【14题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：他在一次露营旅行中观察真实海龟的游动时，受到了启发。事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，主语He和inspire为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态was inspired。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他的设计能让水下游动更加平稳，减少对脆弱水下生态系统的影响。句中已有谓语动词enables，故空处需填非谓语动词，此处表示自然而然带来的结果，用现在分词reducing作结果状语。 【16题详解】 考查介词。句意：借助一套人工智能计算机视觉系统，这款机器人能够监测珊瑚健康状况，助力水下勘测与珊瑚礁保护工作。空格后为名词短语，需用介词With表示“凭借、借助”。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Budz的创新成果展现了年轻人应对复杂技术与环境挑战的非凡能力。固定搭配capability to do sth.表示“做某事的能力”，用不定式to tackle作后置定语。 10.（北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练5） Information in your brain 1 (collect), stored and recalled by neural pathways. These pathways are responsible for your abilities to solve problems, remember familiar faces and tasks, without paying a ton of efforts. Millions of these neural pathways begin developing from the time 2 you are growing into a baby. 3 (keep) our memory healthy, we need to create new pathways continually. 【答案】1．is collected 2．when 3．To keep 【解析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了大脑如何保持健康记忆力。 1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：大脑中的信息是通过神经通路收集、储存和回忆的。空处作谓语，information与动词collect构成逻辑上的被动关系，句子描述科学事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is collected。 2．考查定语从句。句意：数以百万计的神经通路从你成长为婴儿的时候就开始发育。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词time在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故填when。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保持我们的记忆健康，我们需要不断地创造新的路径。空处表示目的，用不定式作目的状语，放在句首，首字母大写。故填To keep。 11.（2025届北京市平谷区高三下学期质量监控（一模）英语试题) Humor is a balancing act and BrainPOP, an educational platform, can help teachers create an appropriate balance because the 1 (learn) activities support any course in a dynamic and kid-friendly way. Julie Kuzma from a public school agrees. She   2 (appreciate) that humor is a significant content principle BrainPOP employs. She also emphasizes that humor in the classroom is not about making jokes but about 3 you make students feel a certain way. In her experience, humor builds trust and makes students feel connected and 4 (see). “If you can make them smile, you know that you're on the right track and you've lightened their day a little bit. ” 【答案】1．learning 2．appreciates 3．how 4．seen 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了幽默在教育中的重要性，以及BrainPOP平台如何通过幽默帮助教师创造适当的学习氛围。 1．考查动名词。句意：BrainPOP平台可以帮助教师创造适当的学习氛围，因为其学习活动以一种动态且适合孩子的方式支持任何课程。名词learning作定语修饰名词。故填learning。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她认为幽默是BrainPOP采用的一个重要内容原则。主语“She”是第三人称单数，且句子在陈述现在的情况，为一般现在时，故动词。故填appreciates。 3．考查连接副词。句意：她还强调，课堂上的幽默不是为了讲笑话，而是关于你如何让学生感受到某种情绪。设空处需要引导宾语从句，表示方式，故用“how”。故填how。 4．考查过去分词。句意：在她的经验中，幽默可以建立信任，让学生感到彼此联系和被关注。空处为非谓语动词，students与see为被动关系，用过去分词作feel的表语。故填seen。 12.（2025届北京市平谷区高三下学期质量监控（一模）英语试题) Hainan Free Trade Port is 1 (large) free trade port in the world, with rich tourism resources and unique culture. There are beautiful beaches, quality hot springs, unique rainforests, rich cuisine and wedding tourism bases. Hainan also pays attention to the development of sports tourism and until now, it 2 (build) a national sports training southern base and a series of sports activities. In addition, Hainan also has a wealth of shopping and duty-free shops, where shopkeepers offer a variety of specialty goods and experiences. With its high-quality services and diverse and inclusive cultural atmosphere, Hainan 3 (sincere) welcomes tourists from all over the world to experience a unique island trip. 【答案】1．the largest 2．has built 3．sincerely 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海南自由贸易港作为全球最大自由贸易港的旅游资源、体育旅游发展、购物及免税店特色，以及其对全球游客的真诚欢迎。 1．考查形容词最高级。句意：海南自由贸易港是世界上最大的自由贸易港，拥有丰富的旅游资源和独特的文化。根据句中in the world可知，空处应用形容词large的最高级形式the largest来修饰free trade port，表示“最大的自由贸易港”。故填the largest。 2．考查时态。句意：海南也重视体育旅游的发展，到目前为止，已经建成了一座国家体育训练南方基地和一系列体育活动。根据时间状语until now可知，谓语动词build应用现在完成时，主语是it，助动词用has。故填has built。 3．考查副词。句意：海南以其优质的服务和多元包容的文化氛围，真诚欢迎世界各地的游客来体验独特的海岛之旅。空处修饰动词welcomes，应用副词sincerely“真诚地”，作状语。故填sincerely。 13.（北京市延庆区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题) A recent study published in BMC Psychology suggests that editing photos can 14 (negative) impact how individuals perceive their attractiveness and overall self-esteem. This connection seems to be influenced by comparing physical appearance and 15 (treat) oneself as an object. These results serve as a warning to social media users to be aware of the potential negative effects of using photo-editing tools or filters. Nowadays, social media 16 (use) by millions of people to connect and share their lives. However, research suggests that excessive use of social media may lead to mental health issues like depression and 17 (anxious). 【答案】1．negatively 2．treating 3．is used 4．anxiety 【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了编辑照片对个人自我认知和心理健康的影响，并警示社交媒体用户注意其潜在负面影响。 1．考查副词。句意：最近发表在《BMC心理学》上的一项研究表明，编辑照片会对个人对自己的吸引力和整体自尊的看法产生负面影响。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词negatively修饰。故填negatively。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种联系似乎受到比较外表和把自己当作物体的影响。根据空前的and可知，空处应和前文的comparing并列，应填动名词形式。故填treating。 3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：如今，数以百万计的人使用社交媒体来联系和分享他们的生活。use作本句谓语，根据空后的by可知，用被动语态，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故填is used。 4．考查名词。句意：然而，研究表明，过度使用社交媒体可能会导致抑郁和焦虑等心理健康问题。根据空前的and可知，空处和前文的depression并列，应填名词作宾语，anxious的名词形式是anxiety。故填anxiety。 14.（北京市延庆区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题) By sending seeds on short trips into space, China is developing new crop varieties. This process, 18 (know) as space breeding, exposes seeds to cosmic radiation, which changes their genes and leads to the creation of new varieties with greater diversity. Since China’s first space breeding experiment in August 1987, the country 19 (send) seeds from thousands of plant species into space. This has resulted in the development of nearly 1,000 new plant varieties. The technology reportedly helps increase China’s annual grain production 20 2 million tons and produces direct economic benefits exceeding 100 billion yuan. 【答案】1．known 2．has sent 3．by 【解析】本文是说明文。主要介绍了中国通过太空育种技术培育新作物品种的过程和成果。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个过程被称为太空育种，将种子暴露在宇宙辐射中，这改变了它们的基因，并导致创造出更多样化的新品种。本句已有谓语动词exposes，所以konw用非谓语形式作后置定语，此处是固定搭配：be known as意为“被称为”，去掉be动词。故填known。 2．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自287年8月中国首次进行太空育种实验以来，中国已将数千种植物的种子送入太空。send作本句谓语，根据since可知，用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数。故填has sent。 3．考查介词。句意：据报道，这项技术帮助中国每年增加30万吨粮食产量，产生的直接经济效益超过1000亿元。表示数量变化的幅度时，用介词“by”。此处指“每年粮食产量增加30万吨”。故填by。 15.（北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练4） Erinna 1 (move) by her son’s haircut. She shared a video online, which has gotten millions of views. 2 (give) the huge response, Erinna also set up a special GoFundMe to support her son’s hairdresser 3 (make) sure she’s able to continue to work and replace any lost income from the impact of the pandemic (流行病). 【答案】1．was moved 2．Given 3．to make 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Erinna在网络上分享儿子的发型视频走红，还设立了GoFundMe来支持她儿子的理发师。 1．考查时态语态。句意：Erinna被儿子的发型感动了。主语Erinna与谓语构成被动关系，且发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was moved。 2．考查介词。句意：鉴于巨大的反响，Erinna还设立了一个特别的GoFundMe来支持她儿子的理发师，以确保她能够继续工作，并弥补因疫情影响而损失的收入。后跟名词作宾语，表示“鉴于”应用介词given，首字母大写。故填Given。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：鉴于巨大的反响，Erinna还设立了一个特别的GoFundMe来支持她儿子的理发师，以确保她能够继续工作，并弥补因疫情影响而损失的收入。此处make作目的状语，用不定式。故填to make。 16.（北京大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考英语试题) Over the years, the volume of information students need to learn and remember 1 (grow), as claimed by various studies. The post-pandemic educational systems, in particular, have experienced a shift toward including streaming of everyday lectures 2 our daily lives, allowing various playback speed options. Research has explored how adjusting playback speed affects 3 (concentrate). It often finds it beneficial to increase playback speed (1.5x to 2x) when 4 (deal) with extensive lecture recordings. However, a notable drop in performance is observed when the speed exceeds 2x. 【答案】1．has grown 2．into 3．concentration 4．dealing 【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了多年来学生需要学习和记忆的信息量在增加，尤其是疫情后的教育系统向将日常课程流媒体融入日常生活转变，还探讨了调整播放速度对注意力的影响。 1．考查动词时态。句意：多年来，正如各种研究声称的那样，学生需要学习和记忆的信息量在增加。根据时间状语“Over the years”可知，句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“the volume of information”是单数，助动词用has，grow的过去分词是grown，故填has grown。 2．考查介词。句意：尤其是疫情后的教育系统，已经经历了一种向将日常课程流媒体融入我们日常生活的转变，提供了各种播放速度选项。根据空白处下文“our daily lives(我们日常生活)”可知，此处表示 “融入，纳入”，使用固定短语“include...into...”，故填into。 3．考查名词。句意：研究已经探索了调整播放速度是如何影响注意力的。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，concentrate是动词，其名词形式是concentration，意为“注意力”，是不可数名词，故填concentration。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：研究经常发现，在处理大量的课程录音时，将播放速度提高到1.5倍到2倍是有益的。 deal with动词和其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。此处为when引导的时间状语从句中的省略，故填dealing。 17.（北京大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考英语试题) The concept of the law of reversed effort was defined by writer and philosopher Aldous Huxley. He explained the 1 (hard) we try with the conscious will to do something, the less we shall succeed. Effort 2   (become)a paradox (悖论). It is like swimming against the current in a river. We can swim upstream, using all our might 3 (fight) the rushing water and still not get close to where we need to be. Or we can let the current take us downstream and find a different spot to get out of the water. 【答案】1．harder 2．becomes 3．to fight 【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了作家兼哲学家奥尔德斯・赫胥黎定义的“反向努力法则”的概念，并通过在河中游泳的例子进行说明。 1．考查副词的比较级。句意：他解释说，我们越是有意识地努力去做某件事，我们成功的可能性就越小。根据下文“the less we shall succeed(我们成功的可能性就越小)”可知此处使用了“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”的结构，意为“越……，越……”，此处应填hard的比较级harder，故填harder。 2．考查动词时态。句意：努力变成了一个悖论。此处描述的是一个客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语Effort是单数，所以谓语动词become要用第三人称单数形式becomes，故填becomes。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们可以逆流而上，竭尽全力与湍急的水流作斗争，但仍然无法靠近我们需要到达的地方。空白处在句子中作状语表示目的，使用动词不定式，故填to fight。 18.（北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期统练3英语试题) Skye has realized that she is one of the lucky kids who 1 (identify) as a sufferer of dyslexia (阅读障碍) so far. She knows that educating teachers about dyslexia and giving students with the learning challenge the tools they need is a great first step in meeting dyslexia head on, and 2 (help) them be confident, capable students. “Right now they feel 3 (stick) — ashamed, unsure and insecure about their school work. If I could help stop these students feeling this way, that would mean the world to me.” 【答案】1．have been identified 2．helping 3．stuck 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Skye意识到自己是阅读障碍患者，并希望通过教育教师和提供工具来帮助有类似情况的学生建立自信。 1．考查时态和语态。句意：Skye意识到自己是迄今为止被认定为阅读障碍患者之一的幸运孩子之一。空格处是who引导的定语从句的谓语动词，who指代先行词the lucky kids，与“identify”之间是被动关系，且根据“so far”可知，动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，故用现在完成时被动语态。故填have been identified。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：她知道教育教师了解阅读障碍，并为有学习挑战的学生提供他们所需的工具，是直面阅读障碍的重要第一步，并帮助他们成为自信、有能力的学生。作介词in的宾语，与meeting并列，用动名词helping作宾语。故填helping。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：现在他们感到困顿——对自己的学业感到羞愧、不确定和不安全。they与stick为被动关系，此处feel为系动词，后接过去分词stuck作表语。故填stuck。 19.（2026湖南常德高三一模) “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” is one of the ancient Chinese military strategies known as the Thirty-Six Strategies. The name comes from a historical incident during the Warring States period of ancient China, ____36____ (involve) the states of Wei and Zhao. When Zhao ____37____ (face) an attack by Wei, the state of Qi employed this strategy by launching an attack on Wei, thus forcing them to withdraw from Zhao to defend their own territory. The core of this strategy means creating a situation ____38____ the opponent is forced to make a difficult decision, often abandoning their offensive position ____39____ (address) a more pressing threat. It draws on the element of surprise ____40____ the psychological impact of attacking an unexpected target. By shifting the battleground ____41____ a weaker area, the strategy not only interrupts the enemy’s plans but also gains a tactical (战略的) advantage without engaging in direct combat. In contemporary settings, the principles of “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” ____42____ (adapt) for use in various non-military fields. In business, companies apply this strategy by launching attacks on a rival’s weaker markets or products to force a strategic ____43____ (withdraw). Similarly, in sports, teams make full use of an opponent’s defensive mistakes to gain a ____44____ (compete) advantage. This strategy provides _____45_____ valuable framework for addressing challenges in diverse contexts. 【答案】36. involving 37. faced 38. where 39. to address 40. and 41. to 42. are adapted 43. withdrawal 44. competitive 45. a 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代兵法策略“围魏救赵”的起源、核心含义以及在现代非军事领域的应用。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个名字来源于中国古代战国时期涉及魏国和赵国的一个历史事件。“(involve) the states of Wei and Zhao”作后置定语修饰名词incident，involve (涉及)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语incident之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填involving。 【37题详解】 考查时态。句意：当赵国面临魏国的攻击时，齐国采用这一策略，对魏国发动攻击，迫使他们从赵国撤军，以保卫自己的领土。face(面临)是从句谓语动词，根据句意和上下文可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填faced。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这一策略的核心是创造一种局面，使对手被迫做出艰难的决定，常常是放弃进攻位置以应对更紧迫的威胁。“_____ the opponent is forced to make a difficult decision”是定语从句，修饰先行词situation，关系词在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一策略的核心是创造一种局面，使对手被迫做出艰难的决定，常常是放弃进攻位置以应对更紧迫的威胁。“(address) a more pressing threat”是“abandoning their offensive position”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to address。 【40题详解】 考查连词。句意：它利用了出其不意的因素以及攻击意外目标带来的心理影响。“the element of surprise”和“the psychological impact”是并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：通过将战场转移到一个较弱的地区，这一策略不仅打乱了敌人的计划，而且在不进行直接战斗的情况下获得了战术优势。shift...to...是固定搭配，意为“把……转移到……”。故填to。 【42题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在当代环境中，“围魏救赵”的原则已被应用于各种非军事领域。adapt(使适应)是谓语动词，与主语principles之间是被动关系，结合语境可知，描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are adapted。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意：在商业领域，公司通过攻击竞争对手的薄弱市场或产品来应用这一策略，迫使其进行战略撤退。提示词作宾语，用名词withdrawal，意为“撤退”，是不可数名词。故填withdrawal。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：同样，在体育比赛中，球队充分利用对手的防守失误来获得竞争优势。提示词作定语修饰名词advantage，用形容词competitive，意为“竞争的”。故填competitive。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这一策略为在不同背景下应对挑战提供了一个有价值的框架。framework(框架)是可数名词单数形式，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词限定，且valuable发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 20.（2026浙江绍兴高三一模) The integration of robotics into daily life has transformed various aspects of individuals’ interaction with technology and their environments. Robots are not just futuristic concepts but present-day tools 56 boost efficiency and productivity through human collaboration 57 (handle) tasks from simple chores to complex operations. Humanoid robots, 58 (equip) with artificial intelligence, are increasingly employed in environments such as healthcare, education, and customer service. Their ability to engage with people on a social level allows them to provide companionship, support, and interactive learning experiences. Robotic assistants, in contrast, have made 59 (significance) progress into corporate world and personal spaces. From robotic vacuum cleaners to advanced programming bots, these robots 60 (design) to improve daily routines. They enable individuals to distribute their time and resources more 61 (efficient), allowing for a greater focus on strategic and creative efforts. 62 rise of robotics in daily life signifies a technological evolution and represents a fundamental shift in how authority and efficiency are perceived. Individuals and 63 (organize) can position themselves at the forefront of a swiftly advancing world 64 embracing these innovations. The future is here, 65 those who can employ these tools will certainly lead the charge into a new era of productivity and engagement. 【答案】 56．which/that 57．to handle 58．equipped 59．significant 60．are designed 61．efficiently 62．The 63．organizations 64．by 65．and 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人融入日常生活对人们与技术及环境互动方式的变革，以及机器人应用带来的多方面影响和未来发展趋势。 56．考查定语从句。句意：机器人不仅仅是未来的概念，而是当今的工具，通过人机协作来提高效率和生产力，处理从简单家务到复杂操作的任务。空处引导定语从句，先行词是tools，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处需填非谓语动词作目的状语，用动词不定式。故填to handle。 58．考查非谓语动词。句意：配备人工智能的人形机器人越来越多地应用于医疗保健、教育和客户服务等领域。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，Humanoid robots和equip是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填equipped。 59．考查形容词。句意：相比之下，机器人助手在商业世界和个人空间中取得了重大进展。空处修饰名词progress作定语，需用形容词形式。故填significant。 60．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：从机器人吸尘器到高级编程机器人，这些机器人旨在改善日常生活。空处为谓语动词，根据语境可知，此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语these robots是复数，并且和谓语动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填are designed。 61．考查副词。句意：它们使个人能够更有效地分配时间和资源，从而能够更专注于战略性和创造性的工作。空处修饰动词distribute，需用副词形式。故填efficiently。 62．考查冠词。句意：机器人在日常生活中的兴起标志着技术的进化，也代表着人们对权威和效率的认知发生了根本性的转变。rise为可数名词，此处表示特指，需用定冠词the，位于句首，首字母大写。故填The。 63．考查名词。句意：个人和组织可以通过接受这些创新，使自己处于快速发展世界的前沿。and连接并列成分，空处和Individuals并列，需填名词复数形式。故填organizations。 64．考查介词。句意同上。结合语境可知，此处表示“通过”，后接动名词作宾语，需用介词by。故填by。 65．考查连词。句意：未来就在这里，那些能够使用这些工具的人必将引领进入一个生产力和参与度的新时代。结合语境可知，前后句之间是并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。 21.（2026湖北黄石高三一模) The MingKwai typewriter was the product of Chinese writer Lin Yutang’s lifelong dream to build 56 machine that could type Chinese. Its brilliant design shows a different picture of 57 our computers might have looked like today, if their developers had not used the Latin alphabet. Lin had poured his entire fortune into this dream. At a time when the Chinese language — with its tens of thousands of characters — 58 (struggle) to fit into Western technology, he devoted years 59 research, searching for an elegant solution. The fruit of his labor was a remarkable machine he named MingKwai (meaning “clear” and “quick”), 60 operation relied on a clever 72 - key system and “Magic Eye” window. By pressing just a few keys, a typist could locate the 61 (desire) character in the window and print it. This “type-view-select” process is now the daily reality among hundreds of millions of people 62 (type) Chinese on their phones. It made Chinese typing a 63 (pure) visual exercise for the first time—one that didn’t rely on pronunciation 64 even require speaking the language. Though MingKwai never made it into mass 65 (produce), that single prototype still whispers of a dream that was far ahead of its time. Lin Yutang’s vision of a machine “for everyone to use” ultimately came true — not in heavy metal, but in devices carried by billions. 【答案】 56．a 57．what 58．struggled 59．to 60．whose 61．desired 62．typing 63．purely 64．or 65．production 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了林语堂为实现中文打字梦想造出明快打字机，其“打字—查看 — 选择”模式影响深远，虽未大规模生产，却实现了他“人人可用”的愿景。 56．考查冠词。句意：明快牌打字机是中国作家林语堂一生梦想的产物，他一直渴望制造出一种能够打中文的机器。machine 是可数名词单数，此处表示“一台机器”，泛指，结合machine为首音节辅音单词，故用不定冠词a。故填a。 57．考查宾语从句。句意：其精妙的设计展现了如果当初计算机的开发者没有采用拉丁字母系统，我们的电脑如今可能会是什么样子的另一种景象。分析句子可知，介词of后接宾语从句，从句中 look like 缺少宾语，表示“……的样子”，用连接代词what引导。故填what。 58．考查动词时态。句意：当时，有着数万个汉字的中文语言在西方技术中显得格格不入，而他却花费了多年时间进行研究，寻找一种优雅的解决方案。时间状语 At a time when 表示“在……时候，正值……之际”，描述过去动作状态，所以为一般过去时。故填struggled。 59．考查固定短语。句意：当时，有着数万个汉字的中文语言在西方技术中显得格格不入，而他却花费了多年时间进行研究，寻找一种优雅的解决方案。分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配devote time/money to sth“致力于某事”，to 是介词。故填to。 60．考查定语从句。句意：他的成果是一台非凡的机器，他将其命名为“明快”（意为“清晰”和“迅速”），其操作依靠一个巧妙的 72 键系统和“神奇之眼”窗口。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 MingKwai，与 operation 是所属关系“它的操作”，故用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 61．考查形容词。句意：只需按几个键，打字员就能在窗口中找到所需的字符并打印出来。修饰名词 character，用形容词desired，表示“想要的、所需的（汉字）”。故填desired。 62．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种“打字 - 查看 - 选择”的过程如今已成为数亿人使用手机打中文时的日常现实。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰people，people与type 是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。故填typing。 63．考查副词。句意：它首次使中文打字成为一种纯粹的视觉活动——不再依赖发音，甚至无需说这种语言。由副词修饰形容词可知，此处为副词purely作状语修饰形容词 visual。故填purely。 64．考查连词。句意：它首次使中文打字成为一种纯粹的视觉活动——不再依赖发音，甚至无需说这种语言。否定句中连接两个并列结构 didn’t rely on… or (didn’t) require…，表示 “既不……也不……”，用连词or。故填or。 65．考查名词。句意：尽管明快并未实现大规模量产，但那唯一的原型却仍透露出一个超越时代的梦想。此处为固定短语mass production“大规模生产”，名词production作宾语。故填production。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 清单21 谓语动词的时态 目录导航 01知识脑图·核心脉络搭建——梳理专题框架，搭建知识体系 02考点深研·知能分层突破——深挖高频考点，分层突破重难点 考点一 高考八大核心时态 知识点1 现在时态 知识点2 进行时态 知识点3 完成时态 考点二 时态语态综合判断规则 1 先判断空格是否作谓语；非谓语不涉及时态变形 2 主语与动词：主动用原形 /doing/done；被动用 be done 3 被动无进行 / 完成遗漏 be 动词；happen/appear 等无被动 考点三 书面表达最容易出错场景 考点 3 语法填空通用解题流程 ① 判断空格为句子谓语动词（有主语、缺动作） ② 抓取时间标志 / 上下文，锁定时态大类 ③ 判断主被动逻辑，确定被动结构 be done 4 结合主谓一致调整 be 动词、动词三单 / 复数 考点四 书面表达高频时态失分点 1. 记叙文通篇混用一般过去、现在完成，时间混乱 2. 科普说明文客观事实误用过去时态 3. since/so far 后不用现在完成时 4. by the time + 过去时，主句忘记过去完成时 5. when 引导长背景不用过去进行时 6 定语从句、主语从句内部时态与主句不呼应 03优题精练·专题实战通关——精选优质试题，强化实战应用 知识脑图·核心脉络搭建 考点深研·知能分层突破 考点一 八大核心时态 知识点 1 一般时态 1. 一般现在时 用法：客观真理、常态习惯、客观介绍、书信客观描述 标志：every, always, usually, 客观科普无时间词 结构：主语三单动词 + s/es，其余原形 例句：Physics plays an important part in science. 2. 一般过去时 用法：过去特定时间发生、一次性动作，与现在无关联 标志：yesterday, last…, …ago, in + 过去年份 结构：动词过去式 例句：The museum opened in 2010. 3. 一般将来时 用法：未来计划、客观趋势 结构：will do /be going to do；瞬时动词 come/leave 用现在进行表将来 知识点 2 进行时态 1. 现在进行时 用法：此刻动作、现阶段临时状态、带感情色彩（always 表不满） 标志：now, at present, look, listen 结构：am/is/are doing 2. 过去进行时 用法：过去某时刻正在做；长动作背景下插入短动作 标志：at 8 yesterday, when/while 例句：I was reading when the power cut off. 知识点 3 完成时态（语法填空最高频） 1. 现在完成时（连接过去与现在） 三大用法：过去动作影响现在；持续到现在；人生经历 标志：since, for, so far, up to now, already, yet 固定句型：It is the first time that…(从句现完) 区分：have been to（去过已回）/have gone to（去了未回） 例句：China has built many mangrove reserves up to now. 2. 过去完成时（过去的过去） 必备条件：存在参照性过去动作，动作发生在参照之前 标志：by + 过去时间，by the time + 过去时 例句：By the time we arrived, the film had started. 3. 现在完成进行时 用法：持续动作 + 强调过程 / 略带疲惫，常带 all day 考点 2 时态语态综合判断规则 1. 先判断空格是否作谓语；非谓语不涉及时态变形 2. 主语与动词：主动用原形 /doing/done；被动用 be done 3. 被动无进行 / 完成遗漏 be 动词；happen/appear 等无被动 考点 3 语法填空通用解题流程 ① 判断空格为句子谓语动词（有主语、缺动作） ② 抓取时间标志 / 上下文，锁定时态大类 ③ 判断主被动逻辑，确定被动结构 be done ④ 结合主谓一致调整 be 动词、动词三单 / 复数 知识点 4 书面表达高频时态失分点 1. 记叙文通篇混用一般过去、现在完成，时间混乱 2. 科普说明文客观事实误用过去时态 3. since/so far 后不用现在完成时 4. by the time + 过去时，主句忘记过去完成时 5. when 引导长背景不用过去进行时 6 定语从句、主语从句内部时态与主句不呼应 现完看现在，过完找过去； 进行配时刻，过去配 ago； by 加过去用过完，客观事实用现在； 主语分清主被动，三单变形别遗漏。 优题精练·专题实战通关 考点 动词的时态、语态与主谓一致 1.(2025·北京·高考) By the time you brushed your teeth, you 15 (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 16 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 2. (2024·北京·高考) When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and 13 (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 3.(2024·北京·高考) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 15 (name) the world’s oldest living man. 4.(2023·北京·高考)Up to now, China 16 (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 5.(2022·北京·高考)Gas naturally 16 (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 6.(2022·北京·高考)The use of those plastics 20 (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 7.(2021·北京·高考)As it 13 (connect) things，your brain tums them into a story, and you get a dream． 8.(2021·北京·高考)There 17 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, 18caused (cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. 9.（2026届北京市东城区高三期末二模试题） Evan Budz, a 15-year-old from Canada, won first place at the 36th EU Contest for Young Scientists with his autonomous bionic sea turtle robot. He ____14____ (inspire) when he observed the movement of real turtles during a camping trip. His design enables smoother movement through water, ____15____ (reduce) impact on the delicate underwater ecosystems. ____16____ an AI-powered computer vision system, the robot monitors coral health and aids underwater surveys and coral reef protection. Budz’s innovation shows young people’s remarkable capability ____17____ (tackle) complex technical and environmental challenges. 10.（北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练5） Information in your brain 1 (collect), stored and recalled by neural pathways. These pathways are responsible for your abilities to solve problems, remember familiar faces and tasks, without paying a ton of efforts. Millions of these neural pathways begin developing from the time 2 you are growing into a baby. 3 (keep) our memory healthy, we need to create new pathways continually. 11.（2025届北京市平谷区高三下学期质量监控（一模）英语试题) Humor is a balancing act and BrainPOP, an educational platform, can help teachers create an appropriate balance because the 1 (learn) activities support any course in a dynamic and kid-friendly way. Julie Kuzma from a public school agrees. She   2 (appreciate) that humor is a significant content principle BrainPOP employs. She also emphasizes that humor in the classroom is not about making jokes but about 3 you make students feel a certain way. In her experience, humor builds trust and makes students feel connected and 4 (see). “If you can make them smile, you know that you're on the right track and you've lightened their day a little bit. ” 12.（2025届北京市平谷区高三下学期质量监控（一模）英语试题) Hainan Free Trade Port is 1 (large) free trade port in the world, with rich tourism resources and unique culture. There are beautiful beaches, quality hot springs, unique rainforests, rich cuisine and wedding tourism bases. Hainan also pays attention to the development of sports tourism and until now, it 2 (build) a national sports training southern base and a series of sports activities. In addition, Hainan also has a wealth of shopping and duty-free shops, where shopkeepers offer a variety of specialty goods and experiences. With its high-quality services and diverse and inclusive cultural atmosphere, Hainan 3 (sincere) welcomes tourists from all over the world to experience a unique island trip. 13.（北京市延庆区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题) A recent study published in BMC Psychology suggests that editing photos can 14 (negative) impact how individuals perceive their attractiveness and overall self-esteem. This connection seems to be influenced by comparing physical appearance and 15 (treat) oneself as an object. These results serve as a warning to social media users to be aware of the potential negative effects of using photo-editing tools or filters. Nowadays, social media 16 (use) by millions of people to connect and share their lives. However, research suggests that excessive use of social media may lead to mental health issues like depression and 17 (anxious). 14.（北京市延庆区2024-2025学年高三下学期2月月考英语试题) By sending seeds on short trips into space, China is developing new crop varieties. This process, 18 (know) as space breeding, exposes seeds to cosmic radiation, which changes their genes and leads to the creation of new varieties with greater diversity. Since China’s first space breeding experiment in August 1987, the country 19 (send) seeds from thousands of plant species into space. This has resulted in the development of nearly 1,000 new plant varieties. The technology reportedly helps increase China’s annual grain production 20 2 million tons and produces direct economic benefits exceeding 100 billion yuan. 15.（北京市北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期英语统练4） Erinna 1 (move) by her son’s haircut. She shared a video online, which has gotten millions of views. 2 (give) the huge response, Erinna also set up a special GoFundMe to support her son’s hairdresser 3 (make) sure she’s able to continue to work and replace any lost income from the impact of the pandemic (流行病). 16.（北京大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考英语试题) Over the years, the volume of information students need to learn and remember 1 (grow), as claimed by various studies. The post-pandemic educational systems, in particular, have experienced a shift toward including streaming of everyday lectures 2 our daily lives, allowing various playback speed options. Research has explored how adjusting playback speed affects 3 (concentrate). It often finds it beneficial to increase playback speed (1.5x to 2x) when 4 (deal) with extensive lecture recordings. However, a notable drop in performance is observed when the speed exceeds 2x. 17.（北京大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学考英语试题) The concept of the law of reversed effort was defined by writer and philosopher Aldous Huxley. He explained the 1 (hard) we try with the conscious will to do something, the less we shall succeed. Effort 2   (become)a paradox (悖论). It is like swimming against the current in a river. We can swim upstream, using all our might 3 (fight) the rushing water and still not get close to where we need to be. Or we can let the current take us downstream and find a different spot to get out of the water. 18.（北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三下学期统练3英语试题) Skye has realized that she is one of the lucky kids who 1 (identify) as a sufferer of dyslexia (阅读障碍) so far. She knows that educating teachers about dyslexia and giving students with the learning challenge the tools they need is a great first step in meeting dyslexia head on, and 2 (help) them be confident, capable students. “Right now they feel 3 (stick) — ashamed, unsure and insecure about their school work. If I could help stop these students feeling this way, that would mean the world to me.” 19.（2026湖南常德高三一模) “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” is one of the ancient Chinese military strategies known as the Thirty-Six Strategies. The name comes from a historical incident during the Warring States period of ancient China, ____36____ (involve) the states of Wei and Zhao. When Zhao ____37____ (face) an attack by Wei, the state of Qi employed this strategy by launching an attack on Wei, thus forcing them to withdraw from Zhao to defend their own territory. The core of this strategy means creating a situation ____38____ the opponent is forced to make a difficult decision, often abandoning their offensive position ____39____ (address) a more pressing threat. It draws on the element of surprise ____40____ the psychological impact of attacking an unexpected target. By shifting the battleground ____41____ a weaker area, the strategy not only interrupts the enemy’s plans but also gains a tactical (战略的) advantage without engaging in direct combat. In contemporary settings, the principles of “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” ____42____ (adapt) for use in various non-military fields. In business, companies apply this strategy by launching attacks on a rival’s weaker markets or products to force a strategic ____43____ (withdraw). Similarly, in sports, teams make full use of an opponent’s defensive mistakes to gain a ____44____ (compete) advantage. This strategy provides _____45_____ valuable framework for addressing challenges in diverse contexts. 20.（2026浙江绍兴高三一模) The integration of robotics into daily life has transformed various aspects of individuals’ interaction with technology and their environments. Robots are not just futuristic concepts but present-day tools 56 boost efficiency and productivity through human collaboration 57 (handle) tasks from simple chores to complex operations. Humanoid robots, 58 (equip) with artificial intelligence, are increasingly employed in environments such as healthcare, education, and customer service. Their ability to engage with people on a social level allows them to provide companionship, support, and interactive learning experiences. Robotic assistants, in contrast, have made 59 (significance) progress into corporate world and personal spaces. From robotic vacuum cleaners to advanced programming bots, these robots 60 (design) to improve daily routines. They enable individuals to distribute their time and resources more 61 (efficient), allowing for a greater focus on strategic and creative efforts. 62 rise of robotics in daily life signifies a technological evolution and represents a fundamental shift in how authority and efficiency are perceived. Individuals and 63 (organize) can position themselves at the forefront of a swiftly advancing world 64 embracing these innovations. The future is here, 65 those who can employ these tools will certainly lead the charge into a new era of productivity and engagement. 21.（2026湖北黄石高三一模) The MingKwai typewriter was the product of Chinese writer Lin Yutang’s lifelong dream to build 56 machine that could type Chinese. Its brilliant design shows a different picture of 57 our computers might have looked like today, if their developers had not used the Latin alphabet. Lin had poured his entire fortune into this dream. At a time when the Chinese language — with its tens of thousands of characters — 58 (struggle) to fit into Western technology, he devoted years 59 research, searching for an elegant solution. The fruit of his labor was a remarkable machine he named MingKwai (meaning “clear” and “quick”), 60 operation relied on a clever 72 - key system and “Magic Eye” window. By pressing just a few keys, a typist could locate the 61 (desire) character in the window and print it. This “type-view-select” process is now the daily reality among hundreds of millions of people 62 (type) Chinese on their phones. It made Chinese typing a 63 (pure) visual exercise for the first time—one that didn’t rely on pronunciation 64 even require speaking the language. Though MingKwai never made it into mass 65 (produce), that single prototype still whispers of a dream that was far ahead of its time. Lin Yutang’s vision of a machine “for everyone to use” ultimately came true — not in heavy metal, but in devices carried by billions. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $