专题03 Unit 3 Back to the past-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语译林版选修第三册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦12个高考高频词汇，以郑和下西洋语境为线索串联考点，通过知识点列表、词根拆解、词性变化总表系统梳理词汇含义、搭配及高考考点，引导学生从语境理解到词形变化自主构建知识网络，体现语言能力培养的系统性和层次性。 亮点在于自主学习支持与个性化复习设计，如“语境复现练习—语法填空”结合真题改编题强化应用，“语境串联复盘—自我检测”通过记忆链复述模板帮助学生自主诊断掌握情况，培养思维品质与学习能力。关联阅读与词汇升级任务促进知识迁移，教师可通过学生练习反馈精准指导，实现因材施教，提升备考实效。

专题03【语境串考点】第三单元备考学案（译林版2019） 高考高频知识点：voyage / navigate / route / depart / financial / available / shortage / adopt / convince / contrary / acknowledge / strengthen （知识点来源：选择性必修三 Unit 3 · Back to the past + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 12 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 13 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 13 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 More than six hundred years ago, a Chinese sailor named Zheng He set out on a great voyage. His ships were huge, and his men had to navigate by the stars and by a simple compass. Before they chose a route, the officers studied old maps for many days. The whole fleet was ready to depart from Taicang in the summer of 1405. The court gave strong financial support, so food, fresh water and medicine were all available on board. The journey was not easy. Once there was a serious shortage of fresh water, and the crew had to adopt a new way of collecting rain. Zheng He had to convince his frightened sailors that the sea was not a monster. Contrary to what many people believed at home, the lands he reached were rich and friendly. Today most historians acknowledge that his seven trips took no land from others; instead, they helped to strengthen trade and trust between China and many faraway kingdoms. 【中文译文】 六百多年前，一位名叫郑和的中国航海家踏上了一次伟大的（voyage）航行。他的船只十分巨大，船员们只能靠星辰和一只简单的罗盘来（navigate）导航。在选定（route）航线之前，官员们研读了许多天的旧海图。1405年夏天，整支船队做好了从太仓（depart）出发的准备。朝廷给予了强有力的（financial）财政支持，因此粮食、淡水与药材在船上都是（available）可以取用的。 这段航程并不轻松。有一次船上淡水严重（shortage）短缺，船员们不得不（adopt）采用一种收集雨水的新办法。郑和还得（convince）说服受惊的水手们相信大海并不是怪兽。（contrary）与国内许多人所以为的相反，他所到达的那些地方富庶而友好。今天，大多数史学家都（acknowledge）承认，他的七次远航没有从别人手中夺走一寸土地；恰恰相反，这些远航帮助（strengthen）加强了中国与许多遥远王国之间的贸易与信任。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：伟大航行→星辰导航→选定航线→整队出发→财政支持→物资可用→淡水短缺→采用新法→说服水手→与传闻相反→史家承认→加强互信 记忆链：voyage → navigate → route → depart → financial → available → shortage → adopt → convince → contrary → acknowledge → strengthen Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 voyage /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/ n. 航行；航海；航天 v. 航行 ⚡考点：go on/make a voyage 进行航行；a voyage of discovery 探索之旅；voyager n. 航行者；辨析voyage/journey/trip 2 navigate /ˈnævɪɡeɪt/ v. 导航；航行；驾驶；找到正确方法 ⚡考点：navigate by the stars 靠星辰导航；navigation n. 航行；navigator n. 领航员；navigate a website 浏览网页 3 route /ruːt/ n. 路线；航线；途径 v. 按某路线发送 ⚡考点：a route to success 成功之路；en route (to) 在途中；take the shortest route；辨析route/road/way 4 depart /dɪˈpɑːt/ vi. 出发；离开 vt. 背离；违反 ⚡考点：depart from 从…出发／背离；departure n. 出发（on the departure of）；the departure lounge 候机厅 5 financial /faɪˈnænʃl/ adj. 财政的；金融的；财务的 ⚡考点：financial support/aid/difficulties；finance n./v. 财政；筹资；financially adv. 在经济上 6 available /əˈveɪləbl/ adj. 可获得的；可用的；有空的 ⚡考点：be available to sb. 可供某人使用；be available for sth.；后置定语用法；availability n. 可用性 7 shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. 短缺；不足；缺少 ⚡考点：a shortage of 的短缺；food/water/labour shortage；there is no shortage of 不缺；short of 缺乏 8 adopt /əˈdɒpt/ vt. 采用；采纳；收养；正式通过 ⚡考点：adopt a method/an attitude；adoption n. 采用；adopted son 养子；辨析adopt/adapt 9 convince /kənˈvɪns/ vt. 使确信；说服 ⚡考点：convince sb. of sth.；convince sb. that…；be convinced that 确信；convincing adj. 有说服力的 10 contrary /ˈkɒntrəri/ adj. 相反的 n. 反面 ⚡考点：contrary to 与…相反（句首状语）；on the contrary 恰恰相反；to the contrary 相反地 11 acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ vt. 承认；致谢；确认收到 ⚡考点：acknowledge (doing) sth.；acknowledge that…；be acknowledged as 被公认为；acknowledgement n. 承认 12 strengthen /ˈstreŋθn/ vt./vi. 加强；增强；巩固 ⚡考点：strengthen ties/trade/confidence；strength n. 力量；strong adj. 强壮的；反义weaken 削弱 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. voyage /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/ n. 航行；航海；航天 v. 航行 【核心考点】 voyage是航海与探索类语篇的标志性名词，本单元郑和下西洋话题必用。常用搭配go on a voyage / make a voyage（进行一次航行）、set out on a voyage（启程远航）、a voyage of discovery（探索发现之旅，也可比喻人生探索）、a maiden voyage（处女航）、a round-the-world voyage（环球航行）。作动词时voyage across the ocean（横渡大洋），较为书面。辨析：voyage（长途水上或太空航行，路程远、时间长）vs journey（陆上长途旅程，强调过程）vs trip（往返短途，口语化）vs tour（周游多地的观光）vs cruise（乘船休闲游）。写"郑和七下西洋"标准表达为Zheng He's seven voyages to the Western Seas。 【词根联想】 源自古法语voiage、拉丁语viaticum"旅途口粮"（via"路"+ -aticum）→ 上路所需→ 航程。联想：via"路"→ via（经由）、previous（先前的→走在前面的路）、obvious（明显的→挡在路上的）、deviate（偏离→离开正路）、voyage（航行）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：voyage n. 太空航行；宇宙探险。熟义"海上航行"之外，voyage也用于太空语境，如the Voyager spacecraft（旅行者号探测器）、a voyage to Mars（一次火星之旅）。此外a voyage of self-discovery（一段自我发现之旅）为比喻用法，读后续写与议论文中很出彩。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Zheng He made seven great voyages to the Western Seas between 1405 and 1433."（1405年至1433年间，郑和七次远航西洋。）（经典原句·voyage 航行） 【搭配词块】 go on a voyage 进行航行 / a voyage of discovery 探索之旅 / a maiden voyage 处女航 / voyager n. 航行者 2. navigate /ˈnævɪɡeɪt/ v. 导航；航行；驾驶；找到正确方法；浏览 【核心考点】 navigate既可指具体的"航行导航"，也可指抽象的"应对复杂局面"，是近年阅读理解的升级词。搭配：navigate by the stars/by compass（靠星辰／罗盘导航）、navigate a ship through the storm（驾船穿越风暴）、navigate one's way through the crowd（在人群中穿行）、navigate a website/a menu（浏览网页／菜单）、navigate the challenges of adolescence（应对青春期的种种挑战，抽象用法高频）。名词navigation n.（航行；导航）→ satellite navigation（卫星导航）；navigator n.（领航员）。辨析：navigate（有方向、有技巧地穿行或掌舵）vs sail（张帆航行）vs steer（掌舵；引导方向）vs guide（引导他人）。 【词根联想】 navis（拉丁语"船"）+ agere（"驱动，drive"）→ 驱船前行→ 航行；导航。联想：nav"船"→ navy（海军）、naval（海军的）、navigate（航行）、navigation（导航）；ag/act"做；驱动"→ agent（代理人）、agenda（议程）、agile（敏捷的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：navigate v. 应对；驾驭（复杂情形）。熟义"导航"之外，navigate常比喻"在困难或复杂的处境中找到出路"，如navigate a difficult period（度过一段艰难时期）、navigate the job market（在就业市场中周旋）。此义在议论文与人物类阅读中出现频率很高。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Long before satellites existed, sailors learned to navigate by the stars and the wind."（早在卫星出现之前，水手们就学会了依靠星辰与风向导航。）（经典原句·navigate 导航） 【搭配词块】 navigate by the stars 靠星辰导航 / navigation n. 导航 / navigator n. 领航员 / navigate the challenges 应对挑战 3. route /ruːt/ n. 路线；航线；途径；（公交等的）固定线路 v. 按某路线发送 【核心考点】 route在地理、交通与议论文中都属高频，注意读音/ruːt/（勿与root根/ruːt/混淆词义）。搭配：take/follow a route（走某条路线）、the shortest/safest route（最短／最安全的路线）、a bus route（公交线路）、the Silk Road route（丝绸之路路线）、en route (to)（在去…的途中，源自法语）、a route to success（通往成功的途径，抽象用法）。辨析：route（预先规划、供反复使用的线路，含"路径方案"意味）vs road（有路面的道路实体）vs way（最泛化的"路；方法"）vs path（小径；路径）vs course（航向；进程）。写航海题材时"规划航线"用plan/chart a route最地道。 【词根联想】 源自古法语rute、拉丁语rupta via"被开辟出来的路"（rumpere"打破"的过去分词）→ 破开丛林而成的通道→ 路线。联想：rupt"破"→ interrupt（打断）、erupt（喷发）、bankrupt（破产的）、corrupt（腐败的）、route（被开辟的路线）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：route n. 途径；渠道（抽象义）。熟义"路线"之外，route常喻指达成目标的方法，如the route to happiness（通往幸福之路）、an alternative route into higher education（进入高等教育的另一条途径）。此义在议论文写作中可替换way，显著提升语体档次。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The captain chose a safer route across the Indian Ocean after studying the old sea maps."（船长研读了旧海图之后，选择了一条更安全的横渡印度洋的航线。）（经典原句·route 航线） 【搭配词块】 take a route 走某条路线 / en route (to) 在途中 / a route to success 成功之路 / a bus route 公交线路 4. depart /dɪˈpɑːt/ vi. 出发；离开；启程 vt. 背离；违反（常规） 【核心考点】 depart是应用文（行程表、通知、广告）与说明文的高频动词，2023年新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A篇即以depart from告知发车地点。搭配：depart from + 地点（从…出发），depart for + 目的地（动身前往…），两个介词的区别是高考易错点；depart from tradition/the usual practice（背离传统／常规做法）。名词departure n.（出发；离开；departure lounge候机厅；the departure of…的启程）；形容词departed（已故的）。辨析：depart（正式用词，多用于交通工具按时刻表出发）vs leave（最通用）vs set off/out（启程，口语常用）vs take off（飞机起飞）。应用文中"每小时整点发车"标准句式为It departs every hour on the hour。 【词根联想】 de-（分开，away）+ part（部分；分开）→ 与原处分离→ 离开；出发。联想：part"分"→ part（部分）、partial（部分的）、apart（分开地）、depart（离开）、department（部门→被分开的部分）、particle（微粒）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：depart from vt. 背离；违反（惯例、传统）。熟义"从…出发"之外，depart from还可表示"偏离既定做法"，如depart from the original plan（偏离原定计划）、depart from tradition（背离传统）。此义在议论文与文化类阅读中常见，是词义猜测题的常考点。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·应用文depart from表"从…出发"）"The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day."（该行程每天下午一点开始，每小时整点从水坝广场发车。）（真题原句·depart 出发） 【搭配词块】 depart from 从…出发／背离 / depart for 动身前往 / departure n. 出发 / the departure lounge 候机厅 5. financial /faɪˈnænʃl/ adj. 财政的；金融的；财务的；经济上的 【核心考点】 financial是社会、教育、公益类语篇的高频形容词，2022年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C篇以financial support出现。搭配：financial support/aid/help（财政支持／资助）、financial difficulties/problems（经济困难）、financial burden/pressure（经济负担／压力）、financial independence（经济独立）、the financial crisis（金融危机）。同源词finance n.（财政；资金）v.（为…提供资金）→ public finances（公共财政）；financially adv.（在经济上）→ be financially independent。辨析：financial（与金钱、资金管理有关，最通用）vs economic（与整体经济、经济学有关，如economic growth）vs monetary（货币的，如monetary policy）。写"给予资金支持"用provide/give financial support最稳妥。 【词根联想】 拉丁语finis"终结；了结"→ finare"了结债务，付清"→ finance"财政"+ -ial（形容词后缀）→ 与钱款了结有关的→ 财政的。联想：fin"结束；界限"→ finish（完成）、final（最终的）、finite（有限的）、infinite（无限的）、define（定义→划定界限）、finance（财政）。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·细节理解题financial support语块）"There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide."（如今英格兰东北部20家养老院中有700位老人在照料母鸡，该慈善机构已获得财政支持，以便把这一项目推广到全国。）（真题原句·financial 财政的） 【搭配词块】 financial support 财政支持 / financial difficulties 经济困难 / finance n./v. 财政；筹资 / financially adv. 在经济上 6. available /əˈveɪləbl/ adj. 可获得的；可用的；可买到的；（人）有空的 【核心考点】 available是高考应用文与说明文出现频率最高的形容词之一，2023年新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A篇原句即用其作后置定语。三大考点：①常作后置定语，如the tickets available（可买到的票）、a bike available for you；②be available to sb.（可供某人使用），be available for sth.（可用于某事）；③形容人时表示"有空的；有时间的"，如Are you available this afternoon?。名词availability n.（可用性；可获得性）→ check the availability of rooms；反义unavailable adj.。辨析：available（可以得到、可以使用，强调"能取用"）vs accessible（可接近的；易理解的）vs obtainable（可获得的，较正式）vs free（人有空的，口语）。写广告类应用文"随时都有车可租"用there is always a bike available。 【词根联想】 a-（朝向，to）+ vail（拉丁语valere"有力量；有价值"）+ -able（能…的）→ 能发挥效力的→ 可用的。联想：val/vail"价值；强壮"→ value（价值）、valid（有效的）、valuable（贵重的）、prevail（盛行→力量占先）、available（可用的）、evaluate（评估）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：available adj. （人）有空的；能抽出时间的。熟义"可获得的"之外，available修饰人时表示"有时间可与人会面"，如The manager is not available right now（经理现在没空）、I'm available after five。此义在听力对话与应用文写作中极为高频，务必掌握。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·应用文available作后置定语）"With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you."（我们在五家位置优越的租车店存放了2500多辆自行车，确保您随时都有车可租。）（真题原句·available 可用的） 【搭配词块】 be available to sb. 可供某人使用 / the tickets available 可买到的票 / availability n. 可用性 / be available for 可用于 7. shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. 短缺；不足；缺少 【核心考点】 shortage是环境、社会与科技类语篇的核心名词，议论文写作高频。搭配：a shortage of + 名词（…的短缺），如a water/food/labour/energy shortage（水／粮食／劳动力／能源短缺）；serious/severe shortage（严重短缺）；there is no shortage of…（不缺…，写作亮点句，常用于反驳）；suffer from a shortage of（遭受…短缺）。同源：short adj.（短的；缺乏的）→ be short of money（缺钱）、run short of（快用完）；shorten v.（缩短）。辨析：shortage（数量上供不应求，常与of连用）vs lack（缺乏，可作名词或动词，lack of confidence）vs scarcity（稀缺，较正式，强调稀有）vs absence（完全没有）。航海题材中"淡水短缺"标准表达为a shortage of fresh water。 【词根联想】 short（短的；不足的）+ -age（名词后缀，表状态或数量）→ 不足的状态→ 短缺。联想：-age名词后缀→ storage（储存）、package（包裹）、shortage（短缺）、advantage（优势）、percentage（百分比）、voyage（航行）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A serious shortage of fresh water forced the crew to collect rainwater in every empty jar."（严重的淡水短缺迫使船员们用每一只空罐子收集雨水。）（经典原句·shortage 短缺） 【搭配词块】 a shortage of …的短缺 / a water shortage 水短缺 / there is no shortage of 不缺 / be short of 缺乏 8. adopt /əˈdɒpt/ vt. 采用；采纳；采取（态度）；收养；正式通过（决议） 【核心考点】 adopt是高考经典多义动词，2023年新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C篇以adopt this philosophy考查细节理解。四义须全记：①采用（方法、技术）adopt a new method/approach；②采取（态度、立场）adopt a positive attitude towards；③收养 adopt a child → an adopted son（养子）；④（会议）通过 adopt a resolution。名词adoption n.（采用；收养）→ the wide adoption of…；adoptive adj.（收养的，adoptive parents养父母）。高考头号易错辨析：adopt（采用；收养）vs adapt（使适应；改编，adapt to环境／adapt a novel for TV）vs adept（熟练的）——三词形近义远，历年语法填空与完形填空反复设陷。 【词根联想】 ad-（朝向，to）+ optare（拉丁语"选择，choose"）→ 朝自己这边选过来→ 采纳；收养。联想：opt"选择"→ opt（选择）、option（选项）、optional（可选的）、adopt（选来采用）；对比apt/adapt中的apt"适合"→ adapt（使适合）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：adopt vt. 收养；领养。熟义"采用"之外，adopt在家庭语境中指依法收养子女，如adopt a child from an orphanage（从孤儿院收养一个孩子）、her adopted daughter（她的养女）。此义常出现在记叙文与读后续写中，与foster（寄养）区分开。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读C·细节理解题adopt this philosophy）"The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you."（本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，既详细探讨它有何要求、为何有效，也在你认定它适合自己时教你如何采纳这一理念。）（真题原句·adopt 采纳） 【搭配词块】 adopt a method 采用方法 / adopt an attitude 采取态度 / adoption n. 采用 / 辨析 adopt / adapt 9. convince /kənˈvɪns/ vt. 使确信；使信服；说服（某人做某事） 【核心考点】 convince是议论文与记叙文的高分动词，句型考查极密集。三大句型：①convince sb. of sth.（使某人相信某事，介词of不可漏）；②convince sb. that + 从句；③convince sb. to do sth.（说服某人做某事，与persuade sb. to do同义）。被动高频：be convinced that…（确信…）、be convinced of（深信）。形容词convincing adj.（有说服力的）→ a convincing argument/reason；convinced adj.（坚信的）。辨析：convince（侧重"使人在思想上相信"，未必付诸行动）vs persuade（侧重"说服并使其行动"，persuade sb. into doing）vs assure（向某人保证，消除疑虑）。写作中用I am firmly convinced that…替换I think that…可显著提分。 【词根联想】 con-（完全，加强）+ vincere（拉丁语"征服，conquer"）→ 完全征服对方的想法→ 使信服。联想：vinc/vict"征服"→ victory（胜利）、victor（胜利者）、invincible（不可战胜的，in-否定）、evict（驱逐）、convince（说服）、province（省→被征服的地域）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的（作表语／定语）。熟义动词"说服"之外，其过去分词已形容词化，如be convinced of one's innocence（坚信某人清白）、a convinced supporter（一位坚定的支持者）。此形式在议论文观点句中出现频率极高。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"It took the captain a whole night to convince his frightened sailors that the storm had passed."（船长花了整整一夜才让受惊的水手们相信风暴已经过去。）（经典原句·convince 使确信） 【搭配词块】 convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信 / be convinced that 确信 / convincing adj. 有说服力的 / convince sb. to do 说服某人做 10. contrary /ˈkɒntrəri/ adj. 相反的；对立的 n. 相反的事实／看法 【核心考点】 contrary的三个固定短语几乎年年出现在阅读与写作中，必须分清：①contrary to（与…相反），置于句首作状语，如Contrary to popular belief/what many people think…（与大众看法相反…，议论文黄金开头）；②on the contrary（恰恰相反；正相反），用于否定前句后引出正面说法，前后为同一主题的正反对照；③to the contrary（相反的／地），常作后置定语或状语，如evidence to the contrary（相反的证据）、unless you hear anything to the contrary。副词contrarily adv.。辨析：on the contrary（纠正对方说法，"不，恰恰相反"）vs in contrast（引出两者对比，"相比之下"）vs contrary to（介词短语，后接名词或从句）——三者混用是写作高频失分点。 【词根联想】 contra-（相反，against）+ -ary（形容词后缀）→ 相反的。联想：contra"反对"→ contradict（反驳→反着说）、contrast（对比）、contrary（相反的）、controversy（争议）、counter（对抗，contra的变体）、encounter（遭遇→迎面相对）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：contrary n. 相反的事实；对立面。熟义形容词"相反的"之外，contrary可作名词，多用于固定表达on the contrary（恰恰相反）与to the contrary（与此相反的），如I have no evidence to the contrary（我没有相反的证据）。此名词用法是阅读长难句的理解难点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Contrary to what many people believed at home, the lands the fleet reached were rich and friendly."（与国内许多人所以为的相反，船队所到达的那些地方富庶而友好。）（经典原句·contrary 相反的） 【搭配词块】 contrary to 与…相反 / on the contrary 恰恰相反 / to the contrary 相反地 / contrary to popular belief 与大众看法相反 11. acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ vt. 承认（属实）；致谢；确认收到；对…打招呼 【核心考点】 acknowledge是历史评价与学术类语篇的高级动词，写作中可替换admit。用法要点：acknowledge sth.／acknowledge doing sth.（承认做过某事，接动名词不接不定式）；acknowledge that + 从句；be acknowledged as/to be（被公认为…，如be widely acknowledged as a masterpiece）；acknowledge sb.'s help/contribution（对某人的帮助表示感谢）；acknowledge receipt of a letter（确认收到来信）。名词acknowledgement n.（承认；致谢；（书籍的）鸣谢部分）。辨析：acknowledge（正式承认某事属实，尤指不情愿或经过考量后）vs admit（承认错误或过失，含"坦白"意味）vs confess（坦白罪行或隐情）vs recognize（认出；正式认可）。史学评价句式"大多数史学家承认"用most historians acknowledge that…。 【词根联想】 ac-（=ad-，朝向）+ knowledge（知识；知道）→ 朝着事实去认知它→ 承认。联想：know"知道"→ know（知道）、knowledge（知识）、acknowledge（承认）、knowing（会意的）；对比中古英语knowlechen"承认知晓"，字面即"认下这份知道"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：acknowledge vt. 向…打招呼；对…点头示意。熟义"承认"之外，acknowledge可表示以点头、微笑等回应他人，如He walked past without acknowledging me（他从我身边走过，连招呼都没打）。此义在记叙文与读后续写的人物互动描写中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Today most historians acknowledge that the fleet brought trade and trust rather than war."（今天大多数史学家都承认，这支船队带来的是贸易与信任，而不是战争。）（经典原句·acknowledge 承认） 【搭配词块】 acknowledge that 承认… / be acknowledged as 被公认为 / acknowledge doing 承认做过 / acknowledgement n. 承认；致谢 12. strengthen /ˈstreŋθn/ vt./vi. 加强；增强；巩固；使更坚固 【核心考点】 strengthen是议论文结尾段与文化交流类语篇的高频动词。搭配：strengthen ties/links/bonds between（加强…之间的联系）、strengthen cooperation/trade（加强合作／贸易）、strengthen one's confidence/determination（增强信心／决心）、strengthen the muscles（增强肌肉）、strengthen my belief that…（坚定了我…的信念，读后续写升华句）。名词strength n.（力量；强项）→ physical strength、one's strengths and weaknesses（优缺点）、on the strength of（凭借）；形容词strong；反义weaken v.（削弱）。辨析：strengthen（使原本存在的事物变得更强，最通用）vs reinforce（加固；强化，多用于结构或观点）vs enhance（提高质量、价值或程度）vs improve（改善，使变好）。 【词根联想】 strong（强壮的）→ strength（力量，名词形式，o变e）+ -en（动词后缀，"使…"）→ 使有力量→ 加强。联想：-en动词后缀→ widen（加宽）、deepen（加深）、shorten（缩短）、sharpen（削尖）、broaden（拓宽）、strengthen（加强）、lengthen（延长）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"These friendly visits greatly strengthened the trade between China and many faraway kingdoms."（这些友好的访问极大地加强了中国与许多遥远王国之间的贸易往来。）（经典原句·strengthen 加强） 【搭配词块】 strengthen ties 加强联系 / strengthen confidence 增强信心 / strength n. 力量 / weaken v. 削弱 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 voyage voyages (n.pl.) voyager (n.) voyaging (v.) go on a voyage / a voyage of discovery navigate navigation (n.) navigator (n.) navigable (adj.) navigate by the stars / satellite navigation route routes (n.pl.) routed (v.) routine (n.) take a route / en route to depart departure (n.) departed (v.) departing (v.) depart from / the departure lounge financial finance (n./v.) financially (adv.) financier (n.) financial support / financial difficulties available availability (n.) avail (v.) unavailable (adj.) be available to sb. / the tickets available shortage short (adj.) shorten (v.) shortly (adv.) a shortage of / be short of adopt adoption (n.) adopted (adj.) adoptive (adj.) adopt a method / adopt an attitude convince convinced (adj.) convincing (adj.) conviction (n.) convince sb. of / be convinced that contrary contrarily (adv.) contrast (n./v.) contradict (v.) contrary to / on the contrary acknowledge acknowledgement (n.) acknowledged (adj.) knowledge (n.) acknowledge that / be acknowledged as strengthen strength (n.) strong (adj.) strongly (adv.) strengthen ties / strengthen confidence Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编）With over 2,500 bikes in five rental shops, MacBike makes sure there is always a bike ____________ (availability) for you. 2.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编）The 2.5-hour guided city tour ____________ (departure) from Dam Square every hour on the hour. 3.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）The charity has been given ____________ (finance) support to roll the hen project out countrywide. 4.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）This book will teach you how to ____________ (adoption) the philosophy of digital minimalism. 5.（2026山东济南·模拟）Zheng He's fleet made seven great ____________ (voyager) to the Western Seas between 1405 and 1433. 6.（2026广东广州·模拟）Early sailors had to ____________ (navigation) by the stars when thick clouds hid the coast. 7.（2026江苏南京·模拟）After studying the old sea maps, the captain chose a shorter ____________ (routing) across the Indian Ocean. 8.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）A serious ____________ (short) of fresh water forced the crew to collect rainwater. 9.（2026四川成都·模拟）It took the admiral a whole night to ____________ (convincing) his frightened sailors of the plan. 10.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）____________ (Contrarily) to what many people believe, the seven voyages were mainly peaceful. 11.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）Most historians now ____________ (acknowledgement) that the fleet brought trade rather than war. 12.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）The friendly visits greatly ____________ (strength) the trade between China and many kingdoms. 13.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The ____________ (depart) of the great fleet from Taicang drew thousands of watchers to the shore. 14.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）Please check the ____________ (available) of the museum tickets before you set off tomorrow. 15.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The wide ____________ (adopt) of the compass changed the history of sea travel for ever. 【答案】 1. available 2. departs 3. financial 4. adopt 5. voyages 6. navigate 7. route 8. shortage 9. convince 10. Contrary 11. acknowledge 12. strengthened 13. departure 14. availability 15. adoption 【逐题解析】 1. available — 提示词availability（名词）需转形容词，作bike的后置定语。 2. departs — 提示词departure（名词）需转动词，主语tour为单数，用一般现在时三单。 3. financial — 提示词finance（名词）需转形容词，修饰名词support，意为"财政支持"。 4. adopt — 提示词adoption（名词）需转动词原形，how to do结构中须用原形。 5. voyages — 提示词voyager（航行者）需转名词voyage的复数，seven后接可数复数。 6. navigate — 提示词navigation（名词）需转动词原形，had to后必须接动词原形。 7. route — 提示词routing需转名词，受a shorter修饰，指"更短的航线"。 8. shortage — 提示词short（形容词）需转名词，a serious shortage of 严重短缺。 9. convince — 提示词convincing（形容词）需转动词原形，to do不定式作真正主语。 10. Contrary — 提示词Contrarily（副词）需转形容词，Contrary to 与…相反，句首大写。 11. acknowledge — 提示词acknowledgement（名词）需转动词，主语historians为复数用原形。 12. strengthened — 提示词strength（名词）需转动词过去式，与史实语境用一般过去时。 13. departure — 提示词depart（动词）需转名词作主语，其后谓语drew用过去式。 14. availability — 提示词available（形容词）需转名词，作动词check的宾语。 15. adoption — 提示词adopt（动词）需转名词作主语，受形容词wide修饰。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 六百多年前，郑和踏上了一次伟大的____________（航行）。船员们只能靠星辰与罗盘来____________（导航）；在选定____________（航线）之前，官员们研读了许多天的旧海图。1405年夏天，整支船队做好了从太仓____________（出发）的准备。 朝廷给予了强有力的____________（财政的）支持，因此粮食、淡水与药材在船上都是____________（可取用的）。有一次船上淡水严重____________（短缺），船员们不得不____________（采用）一种收集雨水的新办法。 郑和还得____________（说服）受惊的水手们相信大海并不是怪兽。____________（与…相反）国内许多人所以为的，他所到达的地方富庶而友好。今天大多数史学家都____________（承认），这些远航帮助____________（加强）了中国与许多遥远王国之间的贸易与信任。 【答案】 voyage; navigate; route; depart; financial; available; shortage; adopt; convince; Contrary to; acknowledge; strengthen Part 7 关联阅读 Last winter our school history club received an unusual invitation from a small maritime museum in Nanjing. The museum was preparing an exhibition about the great voyages of Zheng He, the Ming admiral whose huge fleet first left the Chinese coast in 1405. Its director, Mrs Shen, told us honestly that she had almost no money to spend. The city had cut her financial support that year, and only two small rooms were available for the whole show. Our first job was to decide what story the exhibition should tell. Some members wanted to cover every wall with maps of each route the fleet had once followed. Others argued that ordinary visitors would soon be bored by so many lines and dates. After three long meetings, Mrs Shen managed to convince us that a single clear idea was worth more than a hundred separate facts. We therefore agreed to adopt her plan: the show would follow one ship from the morning it departed until the day it came home. Then came the hard part. There was a serious shortage of real objects, because almost nothing from those wooden ships has survived the past six centuries. We borrowed a copy of a Ming compass from a university, and we asked a retired sailor to explain how early crews had to navigate by the stars whenever thick clouds hid the coast. Contrary to what we had expected, visitors loved these plain, simple things most of all. One boy of seven stood in front of the compass for a full twenty minutes. The exhibition opened in April and stayed open for six weeks. Mrs Shen acknowledged in her short opening speech that the students had done most of the real work, and she thanked us in front of the whole hall. For me, however, the value of those busy months lay somewhere else. Working on the project strengthened my belief that history is never just a list of dates printed in a textbook; it is a story that somebody must still be willing to tell again. 1. What problem did the museum face at the very beginning? A. It had very little money and very little space. B. Its director was about to retire from her post. C. Its two exhibition rooms were being repaired. D. It had lost most of its old maps of the sea. 2. Why did the club members finally accept Mrs Shen's plan? A. She had collected far more maps than they had. B. She made them see that one clear idea worked better. C. The city government had ordered them to follow it. D. The other members had run out of time and patience. 3. What surprised the students about the visitors? A. Most of the visitors came from other cities. B. They asked very few questions about Zheng He. C. They were attracted most by the simplest exhibits. D. They stayed far longer than the museum had planned. 4. What does the author value most about the whole experience? A. The public thanks given by Mrs Shen in the hall. B. The rare chance to talk with a retired old sailor. C. The practical skills learned in designing a show. D. A deeper understanding of what history really means. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 第1题（细节理解题·高考核心）：首段末尾两句是解题关键，沈馆长坦言她几乎没有钱可花，紧接着The city had cut her financial support that year, and only two small rooms were available for the whole show两处并列信息，分别点明"经费被削减"与"仅有两间小屋可用"，正好对应A项的money与space两个方面。B项馆长即将退休、C项两间展室正在维修、D项旧海图大多遗失，均属文中未提及的无中生有。 第2题（细节理解题·高考高频）：第二段先写社团内部分歧——有人想把每一条route都贴满墙，有人认为观众会被线条与年份弄得厌烦；随后Mrs Shen managed to convince us that a single clear idea was worth more than a hundred separate facts点明她说服大家的理由，即"一个清晰的主题胜过上百个零散事实"，故B项正确。A项她收集地图更多、C项政府下令、D项其他成员没了时间，文中均无依据。 第3题（细节理解题·高考核心）：第三段承接实物shortage展开，学生借来罗盘复制品并请老水手讲解如何navigate，随后用Contrary to what we had expected明确点出出乎意料之处：visitors loved these plain, simple things most of all，并以七岁男孩在罗盘前驻足二十分钟加以佐证，可见令学生意外的正是"最朴素的展品最受欢迎"，选C。A、B、D三项文中均未涉及。 第4题（推理判断题·高考压轴）：末段先写沈馆长当众acknowledged学生的付出并致谢，但作者随即用For me, however, the value of those busy months lay somewhere else转折，把重心引向Working on the project strengthened my belief that history is never just a list of dates...，说明她最珍视的是对"历史究竟是什么"的更深理解，故选D。A项公开致谢已被however排除，B、C两项文中未作价值评判。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：voyage, navigate, route, depart, financial, available, shortage, adopt, convince, contrary, acknowledge, strengthen Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. voyage — ____________ 2. navigate — ____________ 3. route — ____________ 4. depart — ____________ 5. financial — ____________ 6. available — ____________ 7. shortage — ____________ 8. adopt — ____________ 9. convince — ____________ 10. contrary — ____________ 11. acknowledge — ____________ 12. strengthen — ____________ 13. navigation — ____________ 14. departure — ____________ 15. availability — ____________ 16. adoption — ____________ 17. convincing — ____________ 18. strength — ____________ 19. contrary to — ____________ 20. a shortage of — ____________ 【参考答案】 1. 航行；航海；航天 2. 导航；航行；应对 3. 路线；航线；途径 4. 出发；离开；背离 5. 财政的；金融的 6. 可获得的；有空的 7. 短缺；不足 8. 采用；采取；收养 9. 使确信；说服 10. 相反的；反面 11. 承认；致谢 12. 加强；增强；巩固 13. 导航；航行（名词） 14. 出发；离开（名词） 15. 可用性（名词） 16. 采用；收养（名词） 17. 有说服力的（形容词） 18. 力量；强项（名词） 19. 与…相反（短语） 20. …的短缺（短语） Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. The old sailor often talks about his first long sea trip to the coast of Africa. → The old sailor often talks about his first long ____________ to the coast of Africa. 2. In old times sailors had to find the way by watching the stars in the night sky. → In old times sailors had to ____________ by watching the stars in the night sky. 3. The captain finally chose a much safer way across the wide and dangerous sea. → The captain finally chose a much safer ____________ across the wide and dangerous sea. 4. The big wooden ship will leave from the old harbour early tomorrow morning. → The big wooden ship will ____________ from the old harbour early tomorrow morning. 5. The small museum badly needs money help from the local government this year. → The small museum badly needs ____________ from the local government this year. 6. Fresh water, rice and medicine were all ready to use on board the great ship. → Fresh water, rice and medicine were all ____________ on board the great ship. 7. A serious lack of fresh water soon became the biggest problem for the crew. → A serious ____________ of fresh water soon became the biggest problem for the crew. 8. The villagers decided to take up a new method of storing rain water in jars. → The villagers decided to ____________ a new method of storing rain water in jars. 9. The teacher tried hard to make us believe that the old sea story was true. → The teacher tried hard to ____________ us that the old sea story was true. 10. Opposite to what most people think, those long voyages were mainly peaceful. → ____________ what most people think, those long voyages were mainly peaceful. 11. Few writers of that time would admit that the sailors had done anything great. → Few writers of that time would ____________ that the sailors had done anything great. 12. These friendly visits helped to build up the trade between the two old kingdoms. → These friendly visits helped to ____________ the trade between the two old kingdoms. 【答案】 1. voyage 2. navigate 3. route 4. depart 5. financial support 6. available 7. shortage 8. adopt 9. convince 10. Contrary to 11. acknowledge 12. strengthen Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：voyage → navigate → route → depart → financial → available → shortage → adopt → convince → contrary → acknowledge → strengthen 复述模板（填空）： 六百多年前，郑和踏上了一次伟大的____________（航行），船员们只能靠星辰与罗盘来____________（导航）。 在选定____________（航线）之前，官员们研读了许多天的旧海图；1405年夏天，整支船队做好了从太仓____________（出发）的准备。 朝廷给予强有力的____________（财政的）支持，粮食与淡水在船上都是____________（可取用的）；后来淡水严重____________（短缺），船员们只好____________（采用）收集雨水的新办法。 郑和还得____________（说服）受惊的水手；____________（与…相反）国内的传闻，他所到之处富庶友好；今天史学家都____________（承认），这些远航____________（加强）了中国与远方王国的贸易与信任。 你的复述： ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：voyage; navigate; route; depart; financial; available; shortage; adopt; convince; Contrary to; acknowledge; strengthened 复述模板参考版本： More than six hundred years ago, Zheng He set out on a great voyage, and his men had to navigate by the stars and by a simple compass. Before they chose a route, the officers studied old maps for many days, and the whole fleet was ready to depart from Taicang in the summer of 1405. The court gave strong financial support, so food, fresh water and medicine were all available on board. Once there was a serious shortage of fresh water, and the crew had to adopt a new way of collecting rain. Zheng He also had to convince his frightened sailors that the sea was not a monster. Contrary to what many people believed at home, the lands he reached were rich and friendly. Today most historians acknowledge that his seven trips took no land from others; instead, they helped to strengthen trade and trust between China and many faraway kingdoms. $专题03【语境串考点】第三单元备考学案（译林版2019） 高考高频知识点：voyage / navigate / route / depart / financial / available / shortage / adopt / convince / contrary / acknowledge / strengthen （知识点来源：选择性必修三 Unit 3 · Back to the past + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 11 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 More than six hundred years ago, a Chinese sailor named Zheng He set out on a great voyage. His ships were huge, and his men had to navigate by the stars and by a simple compass. Before they chose a route, the officers studied old maps for many days. The whole fleet was ready to depart from Taicang in the summer of 1405. The court gave strong financial support, so food, fresh water and medicine were all available on board. The journey was not easy. Once there was a serious shortage of fresh water, and the crew had to adopt a new way of collecting rain. Zheng He had to convince his frightened sailors that the sea was not a monster. Contrary to what many people believed at home, the lands he reached were rich and friendly. Today most historians acknowledge that his seven trips took no land from others; instead, they helped to strengthen trade and trust between China and many faraway kingdoms. 【中文译文】 六百多年前，一位名叫郑和的中国航海家踏上了一次伟大的（voyage）航行。他的船只十分巨大，船员们只能靠星辰和一只简单的罗盘来（navigate）导航。在选定（route）航线之前，官员们研读了许多天的旧海图。1405年夏天，整支船队做好了从太仓（depart）出发的准备。朝廷给予了强有力的（financial）财政支持，因此粮食、淡水与药材在船上都是（available）可以取用的。 这段航程并不轻松。有一次船上淡水严重（shortage）短缺，船员们不得不（adopt）采用一种收集雨水的新办法。郑和还得（convince）说服受惊的水手们相信大海并不是怪兽。（contrary）与国内许多人所以为的相反，他所到达的那些地方富庶而友好。今天，大多数史学家都（acknowledge）承认，他的七次远航没有从别人手中夺走一寸土地；恰恰相反，这些远航帮助（strengthen）加强了中国与许多遥远王国之间的贸易与信任。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：伟大航行→星辰导航→选定航线→整队出发→财政支持→物资可用→淡水短缺→采用新法→说服水手→与传闻相反→史家承认→加强互信 记忆链：voyage → navigate → route → depart → financial → available → shortage → adopt → convince → contrary → acknowledge → strengthen Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 voyage /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/ n. 航行；航海；航天 v. 航行 ⚡考点：go on/make a voyage 进行航行；a voyage of discovery 探索之旅；voyager n. 航行者；辨析voyage/journey/trip 2 navigate /ˈnævɪɡeɪt/ v. 导航；航行；驾驶；找到正确方法 ⚡考点：navigate by the stars 靠星辰导航；navigation n. 航行；navigator n. 领航员；navigate a website 浏览网页 3 route /ruːt/ n. 路线；航线；途径 v. 按某路线发送 ⚡考点：a route to success 成功之路；en route (to) 在途中；take the shortest route；辨析route/road/way 4 depart /dɪˈpɑːt/ vi. 出发；离开 vt. 背离；违反 ⚡考点：depart from 从…出发／背离；departure n. 出发（on the departure of）；the departure lounge 候机厅 5 financial /faɪˈnænʃl/ adj. 财政的；金融的；财务的 ⚡考点：financial support/aid/difficulties；finance n./v. 财政；筹资；financially adv. 在经济上 6 available /əˈveɪləbl/ adj. 可获得的；可用的；有空的 ⚡考点：be available to sb. 可供某人使用；be available for sth.；后置定语用法；availability n. 可用性 7 shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. 短缺；不足；缺少 ⚡考点：a shortage of 的短缺；food/water/labour shortage；there is no shortage of 不缺；short of 缺乏 8 adopt /əˈdɒpt/ vt. 采用；采纳；收养；正式通过 ⚡考点：adopt a method/an attitude；adoption n. 采用；adopted son 养子；辨析adopt/adapt 9 convince /kənˈvɪns/ vt. 使确信；说服 ⚡考点：convince sb. of sth.；convince sb. that…；be convinced that 确信；convincing adj. 有说服力的 10 contrary /ˈkɒntrəri/ adj. 相反的 n. 反面 ⚡考点：contrary to 与…相反（句首状语）；on the contrary 恰恰相反；to the contrary 相反地 11 acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ vt. 承认；致谢；确认收到 ⚡考点：acknowledge (doing) sth.；acknowledge that…；be acknowledged as 被公认为；acknowledgement n. 承认 12 strengthen /ˈstreŋθn/ vt./vi. 加强；增强；巩固 ⚡考点：strengthen ties/trade/confidence；strength n. 力量；strong adj. 强壮的；反义weaken 削弱 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. voyage /ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/ n. 航行；航海；航天 v. 航行 【核心考点】 voyage是航海与探索类语篇的标志性名词，本单元郑和下西洋话题必用。常用搭配go on a voyage / make a voyage（进行一次航行）、set out on a voyage（启程远航）、a voyage of discovery（探索发现之旅，也可比喻人生探索）、a maiden voyage（处女航）、a round-the-world voyage（环球航行）。作动词时voyage across the ocean（横渡大洋），较为书面。辨析：voyage（长途水上或太空航行，路程远、时间长）vs journey（陆上长途旅程，强调过程）vs trip（往返短途，口语化）vs tour（周游多地的观光）vs cruise（乘船休闲游）。写"郑和七下西洋"标准表达为Zheng He's seven voyages to the Western Seas。 【词根联想】 源自古法语voiage、拉丁语viaticum"旅途口粮"（via"路"+ -aticum）→ 上路所需→ 航程。联想：via"路"→ via（经由）、previous（先前的→走在前面的路）、obvious（明显的→挡在路上的）、deviate（偏离→离开正路）、voyage（航行）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：voyage n. 太空航行；宇宙探险。熟义"海上航行"之外，voyage也用于太空语境，如the Voyager spacecraft（旅行者号探测器）、a voyage to Mars（一次火星之旅）。此外a voyage of self-discovery（一段自我发现之旅）为比喻用法，读后续写与议论文中很出彩。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Zheng He made seven great voyages to the Western Seas between 1405 and 1433."（1405年至1433年间，郑和七次远航西洋。）（经典原句·voyage 航行） 【搭配词块】 go on a voyage 进行航行 / a voyage of discovery 探索之旅 / a maiden voyage 处女航 / voyager n. 航行者 2. navigate /ˈnævɪɡeɪt/ v. 导航；航行；驾驶；找到正确方法；浏览 【核心考点】 navigate既可指具体的"航行导航"，也可指抽象的"应对复杂局面"，是近年阅读理解的升级词。搭配：navigate by the stars/by compass（靠星辰／罗盘导航）、navigate a ship through the storm（驾船穿越风暴）、navigate one's way through the crowd（在人群中穿行）、navigate a website/a menu（浏览网页／菜单）、navigate the challenges of adolescence（应对青春期的种种挑战，抽象用法高频）。名词navigation n.（航行；导航）→ satellite navigation（卫星导航）；navigator n.（领航员）。辨析：navigate（有方向、有技巧地穿行或掌舵）vs sail（张帆航行）vs steer（掌舵；引导方向）vs guide（引导他人）。 【词根联想】 navis（拉丁语"船"）+ agere（"驱动，drive"）→ 驱船前行→ 航行；导航。联想：nav"船"→ navy（海军）、naval（海军的）、navigate（航行）、navigation（导航）；ag/act"做；驱动"→ agent（代理人）、agenda（议程）、agile（敏捷的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：navigate v. 应对；驾驭（复杂情形）。熟义"导航"之外，navigate常比喻"在困难或复杂的处境中找到出路"，如navigate a difficult period（度过一段艰难时期）、navigate the job market（在就业市场中周旋）。此义在议论文与人物类阅读中出现频率很高。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Long before satellites existed, sailors learned to navigate by the stars and the wind."（早在卫星出现之前，水手们就学会了依靠星辰与风向导航。）（经典原句·navigate 导航） 【搭配词块】 navigate by the stars 靠星辰导航 / navigation n. 导航 / navigator n. 领航员 / navigate the challenges 应对挑战 3. route /ruːt/ n. 路线；航线；途径；（公交等的）固定线路 v. 按某路线发送 【核心考点】 route在地理、交通与议论文中都属高频，注意读音/ruːt/（勿与root根/ruːt/混淆词义）。搭配：take/follow a route（走某条路线）、the shortest/safest route（最短／最安全的路线）、a bus route（公交线路）、the Silk Road route（丝绸之路路线）、en route (to)（在去…的途中，源自法语）、a route to success（通往成功的途径，抽象用法）。辨析：route（预先规划、供反复使用的线路，含"路径方案"意味）vs road（有路面的道路实体）vs way（最泛化的"路；方法"）vs path（小径；路径）vs course（航向；进程）。写航海题材时"规划航线"用plan/chart a route最地道。 【词根联想】 源自古法语rute、拉丁语rupta via"被开辟出来的路"（rumpere"打破"的过去分词）→ 破开丛林而成的通道→ 路线。联想：rupt"破"→ interrupt（打断）、erupt（喷发）、bankrupt（破产的）、corrupt（腐败的）、route（被开辟的路线）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：route n. 途径；渠道（抽象义）。熟义"路线"之外，route常喻指达成目标的方法，如the route to happiness（通往幸福之路）、an alternative route into higher education（进入高等教育的另一条途径）。此义在议论文写作中可替换way，显著提升语体档次。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"The captain chose a safer route across the Indian Ocean after studying the old sea maps."（船长研读了旧海图之后，选择了一条更安全的横渡印度洋的航线。）（经典原句·route 航线） 【搭配词块】 take a route 走某条路线 / en route (to) 在途中 / a route to success 成功之路 / a bus route 公交线路 4. depart /dɪˈpɑːt/ vi. 出发；离开；启程 vt. 背离；违反（常规） 【核心考点】 depart是应用文（行程表、通知、广告）与说明文的高频动词，2023年新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A篇即以depart from告知发车地点。搭配：depart from + 地点（从…出发），depart for + 目的地（动身前往…），两个介词的区别是高考易错点；depart from tradition/the usual practice（背离传统／常规做法）。名词departure n.（出发；离开；departure lounge候机厅；the departure of…的启程）；形容词departed（已故的）。辨析：depart（正式用词，多用于交通工具按时刻表出发）vs leave（最通用）vs set off/out（启程，口语常用）vs take off（飞机起飞）。应用文中"每小时整点发车"标准句式为It departs every hour on the hour。 【词根联想】 de-（分开，away）+ part（部分；分开）→ 与原处分离→ 离开；出发。联想：part"分"→ part（部分）、partial（部分的）、apart（分开地）、depart（离开）、department（部门→被分开的部分）、particle（微粒）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：depart from vt. 背离；违反（惯例、传统）。熟义"从…出发"之外，depart from还可表示"偏离既定做法"，如depart from the original plan（偏离原定计划）、depart from tradition（背离传统）。此义在议论文与文化类阅读中常见，是词义猜测题的常考点。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·应用文depart from表"从…出发"）"The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day."（该行程每天下午一点开始，每小时整点从水坝广场发车。）（真题原句·depart 出发） 【搭配词块】 depart from 从…出发／背离 / depart for 动身前往 / departure n. 出发 / the departure lounge 候机厅 5. financial /faɪˈnænʃl/ adj. 财政的；金融的；财务的；经济上的 【核心考点】 financial是社会、教育、公益类语篇的高频形容词，2022年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C篇以financial support出现。搭配：financial support/aid/help（财政支持／资助）、financial difficulties/problems（经济困难）、financial burden/pressure（经济负担／压力）、financial independence（经济独立）、the financial crisis（金融危机）。同源词finance n.（财政；资金）v.（为…提供资金）→ public finances（公共财政）；financially adv.（在经济上）→ be financially independent。辨析：financial（与金钱、资金管理有关，最通用）vs economic（与整体经济、经济学有关，如economic growth）vs monetary（货币的，如monetary policy）。写"给予资金支持"用provide/give financial support最稳妥。 【词根联想】 拉丁语finis"终结；了结"→ finare"了结债务，付清"→ finance"财政"+ -ial（形容词后缀）→ 与钱款了结有关的→ 财政的。联想：fin"结束；界限"→ finish（完成）、final（最终的）、finite（有限的）、infinite（无限的）、define（定义→划定界限）、finance（财政）。 【真题原句】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·细节理解题financial support语块）"There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide."（如今英格兰东北部20家养老院中有700位老人在照料母鸡，该慈善机构已获得财政支持，以便把这一项目推广到全国。）（真题原句·financial 财政的） 【搭配词块】 financial support 财政支持 / financial difficulties 经济困难 / finance n./v. 财政；筹资 / financially adv. 在经济上 6. available /əˈveɪləbl/ adj. 可获得的；可用的；可买到的；（人）有空的 【核心考点】 available是高考应用文与说明文出现频率最高的形容词之一，2023年新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A篇原句即用其作后置定语。三大考点：①常作后置定语，如the tickets available（可买到的票）、a bike available for you；②be available to sb.（可供某人使用），be available for sth.（可用于某事）；③形容人时表示"有空的；有时间的"，如Are you available this afternoon?。名词availability n.（可用性；可获得性）→ check the availability of rooms；反义unavailable adj.。辨析：available（可以得到、可以使用，强调"能取用"）vs accessible（可接近的；易理解的）vs obtainable（可获得的，较正式）vs free（人有空的，口语）。写广告类应用文"随时都有车可租"用there is always a bike available。 【词根联想】 a-（朝向，to）+ vail（拉丁语valere"有力量；有价值"）+ -able（能…的）→ 能发挥效力的→ 可用的。联想：val/vail"价值；强壮"→ value（价值）、valid（有效的）、valuable（贵重的）、prevail（盛行→力量占先）、available（可用的）、evaluate（评估）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：available adj. （人）有空的；能抽出时间的。熟义"可获得的"之外，available修饰人时表示"有时间可与人会面"，如The manager is not available right now（经理现在没空）、I'm available after five。此义在听力对话与应用文写作中极为高频，务必掌握。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·应用文available作后置定语）"With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you."（我们在五家位置优越的租车店存放了2500多辆自行车，确保您随时都有车可租。）（真题原句·available 可用的） 【搭配词块】 be available to sb. 可供某人使用 / the tickets available 可买到的票 / availability n. 可用性 / be available for 可用于 7. shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. 短缺；不足；缺少 【核心考点】 shortage是环境、社会与科技类语篇的核心名词，议论文写作高频。搭配：a shortage of + 名词（…的短缺），如a water/food/labour/energy shortage（水／粮食／劳动力／能源短缺）；serious/severe shortage（严重短缺）；there is no shortage of…（不缺…，写作亮点句，常用于反驳）；suffer from a shortage of（遭受…短缺）。同源：short adj.（短的；缺乏的）→ be short of money（缺钱）、run short of（快用完）；shorten v.（缩短）。辨析：shortage（数量上供不应求，常与of连用）vs lack（缺乏，可作名词或动词，lack of confidence）vs scarcity（稀缺，较正式，强调稀有）vs absence（完全没有）。航海题材中"淡水短缺"标准表达为a shortage of fresh water。 【词根联想】 short（短的；不足的）+ -age（名词后缀，表状态或数量）→ 不足的状态→ 短缺。联想：-age名词后缀→ storage（储存）、package（包裹）、shortage（短缺）、advantage（优势）、percentage（百分比）、voyage（航行）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"A serious shortage of fresh water forced the crew to collect rainwater in every empty jar."（严重的淡水短缺迫使船员们用每一只空罐子收集雨水。）（经典原句·shortage 短缺） 【搭配词块】 a shortage of …的短缺 / a water shortage 水短缺 / there is no shortage of 不缺 / be short of 缺乏 8. adopt /əˈdɒpt/ vt. 采用；采纳；采取（态度）；收养；正式通过（决议） 【核心考点】 adopt是高考经典多义动词，2023年新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C篇以adopt this philosophy考查细节理解。四义须全记：①采用（方法、技术）adopt a new method/approach；②采取（态度、立场）adopt a positive attitude towards；③收养 adopt a child → an adopted son（养子）；④（会议）通过 adopt a resolution。名词adoption n.（采用；收养）→ the wide adoption of…；adoptive adj.（收养的，adoptive parents养父母）。高考头号易错辨析：adopt（采用；收养）vs adapt（使适应；改编，adapt to环境／adapt a novel for TV）vs adept（熟练的）——三词形近义远，历年语法填空与完形填空反复设陷。 【词根联想】 ad-（朝向，to）+ optare（拉丁语"选择，choose"）→ 朝自己这边选过来→ 采纳；收养。联想：opt"选择"→ opt（选择）、option（选项）、optional（可选的）、adopt（选来采用）；对比apt/adapt中的apt"适合"→ adapt（使适合）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：adopt vt. 收养；领养。熟义"采用"之外，adopt在家庭语境中指依法收养子女，如adopt a child from an orphanage（从孤儿院收养一个孩子）、her adopted daughter（她的养女）。此义常出现在记叙文与读后续写中，与foster（寄养）区分开。 【真题原句】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读C·细节理解题adopt this philosophy）"The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you."（本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，既详细探讨它有何要求、为何有效，也在你认定它适合自己时教你如何采纳这一理念。）（真题原句·adopt 采纳） 【搭配词块】 adopt a method 采用方法 / adopt an attitude 采取态度 / adoption n. 采用 / 辨析 adopt / adapt 9. convince /kənˈvɪns/ vt. 使确信；使信服；说服（某人做某事） 【核心考点】 convince是议论文与记叙文的高分动词，句型考查极密集。三大句型：①convince sb. of sth.（使某人相信某事，介词of不可漏）；②convince sb. that + 从句；③convince sb. to do sth.（说服某人做某事，与persuade sb. to do同义）。被动高频：be convinced that…（确信…）、be convinced of（深信）。形容词convincing adj.（有说服力的）→ a convincing argument/reason；convinced adj.（坚信的）。辨析：convince（侧重"使人在思想上相信"，未必付诸行动）vs persuade（侧重"说服并使其行动"，persuade sb. into doing）vs assure（向某人保证，消除疑虑）。写作中用I am firmly convinced that…替换I think that…可显著提分。 【词根联想】 con-（完全，加强）+ vincere（拉丁语"征服，conquer"）→ 完全征服对方的想法→ 使信服。联想：vinc/vict"征服"→ victory（胜利）、victor（胜利者）、invincible（不可战胜的，in-否定）、evict（驱逐）、convince（说服）、province（省→被征服的地域）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：convinced adj. 确信的；坚信的（作表语／定语）。熟义动词"说服"之外，其过去分词已形容词化，如be convinced of one's innocence（坚信某人清白）、a convinced supporter（一位坚定的支持者）。此形式在议论文观点句中出现频率极高。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"It took the captain a whole night to convince his frightened sailors that the storm had passed."（船长花了整整一夜才让受惊的水手们相信风暴已经过去。）（经典原句·convince 使确信） 【搭配词块】 convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信 / be convinced that 确信 / convincing adj. 有说服力的 / convince sb. to do 说服某人做 10. contrary /ˈkɒntrəri/ adj. 相反的；对立的 n. 相反的事实／看法 【核心考点】 contrary的三个固定短语几乎年年出现在阅读与写作中，必须分清：①contrary to（与…相反），置于句首作状语，如Contrary to popular belief/what many people think…（与大众看法相反…，议论文黄金开头）；②on the contrary（恰恰相反；正相反），用于否定前句后引出正面说法，前后为同一主题的正反对照；③to the contrary（相反的／地），常作后置定语或状语，如evidence to the contrary（相反的证据）、unless you hear anything to the contrary。副词contrarily adv.。辨析：on the contrary（纠正对方说法，"不，恰恰相反"）vs in contrast（引出两者对比，"相比之下"）vs contrary to（介词短语，后接名词或从句）——三者混用是写作高频失分点。 【词根联想】 contra-（相反，against）+ -ary（形容词后缀）→ 相反的。联想：contra"反对"→ contradict（反驳→反着说）、contrast（对比）、contrary（相反的）、controversy（争议）、counter（对抗，contra的变体）、encounter（遭遇→迎面相对）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：contrary n. 相反的事实；对立面。熟义形容词"相反的"之外，contrary可作名词，多用于固定表达on the contrary（恰恰相反）与to the contrary（与此相反的），如I have no evidence to the contrary（我没有相反的证据）。此名词用法是阅读长难句的理解难点。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Contrary to what many people believed at home, the lands the fleet reached were rich and friendly."（与国内许多人所以为的相反，船队所到达的那些地方富庶而友好。）（经典原句·contrary 相反的） 【搭配词块】 contrary to 与…相反 / on the contrary 恰恰相反 / to the contrary 相反地 / contrary to popular belief 与大众看法相反 11. acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ vt. 承认（属实）；致谢；确认收到；对…打招呼 【核心考点】 acknowledge是历史评价与学术类语篇的高级动词，写作中可替换admit。用法要点：acknowledge sth.／acknowledge doing sth.（承认做过某事，接动名词不接不定式）；acknowledge that + 从句；be acknowledged as/to be（被公认为…，如be widely acknowledged as a masterpiece）；acknowledge sb.'s help/contribution（对某人的帮助表示感谢）；acknowledge receipt of a letter（确认收到来信）。名词acknowledgement n.（承认；致谢；（书籍的）鸣谢部分）。辨析：acknowledge（正式承认某事属实，尤指不情愿或经过考量后）vs admit（承认错误或过失，含"坦白"意味）vs confess（坦白罪行或隐情）vs recognize（认出；正式认可）。史学评价句式"大多数史学家承认"用most historians acknowledge that…。 【词根联想】 ac-（=ad-，朝向）+ knowledge（知识；知道）→ 朝着事实去认知它→ 承认。联想：know"知道"→ know（知道）、knowledge（知识）、acknowledge（承认）、knowing（会意的）；对比中古英语knowlechen"承认知晓"，字面即"认下这份知道"。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：acknowledge vt. 向…打招呼；对…点头示意。熟义"承认"之外，acknowledge可表示以点头、微笑等回应他人，如He walked past without acknowledging me（他从我身边走过，连招呼都没打）。此义在记叙文与读后续写的人物互动描写中常见。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"Today most historians acknowledge that the fleet brought trade and trust rather than war."（今天大多数史学家都承认，这支船队带来的是贸易与信任，而不是战争。）（经典原句·acknowledge 承认） 【搭配词块】 acknowledge that 承认… / be acknowledged as 被公认为 / acknowledge doing 承认做过 / acknowledgement n. 承认；致谢 12. strengthen /ˈstreŋθn/ vt./vi. 加强；增强；巩固；使更坚固 【核心考点】 strengthen是议论文结尾段与文化交流类语篇的高频动词。搭配：strengthen ties/links/bonds between（加强…之间的联系）、strengthen cooperation/trade（加强合作／贸易）、strengthen one's confidence/determination（增强信心／决心）、strengthen the muscles（增强肌肉）、strengthen my belief that…（坚定了我…的信念，读后续写升华句）。名词strength n.（力量；强项）→ physical strength、one's strengths and weaknesses（优缺点）、on the strength of（凭借）；形容词strong；反义weaken v.（削弱）。辨析：strengthen（使原本存在的事物变得更强，最通用）vs reinforce（加固；强化，多用于结构或观点）vs enhance（提高质量、价值或程度）vs improve（改善，使变好）。 【词根联想】 strong（强壮的）→ strength（力量，名词形式，o变e）+ -en（动词后缀，"使…"）→ 使有力量→ 加强。联想：-en动词后缀→ widen（加宽）、deepen（加深）、shorten（缩短）、sharpen（削尖）、broaden（拓宽）、strengthen（加强）、lengthen（延长）。 【经典原句】 （经典原句）"These friendly visits greatly strengthened the trade between China and many faraway kingdoms."（这些友好的访问极大地加强了中国与许多遥远王国之间的贸易往来。）（经典原句·strengthen 加强） 【搭配词块】 strengthen ties 加强联系 / strengthen confidence 增强信心 / strength n. 力量 / weaken v. 削弱 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 voyage voyages (n.pl.) voyager (n.) voyaging (v.) go on a voyage / a voyage of discovery navigate navigation (n.) navigator (n.) navigable (adj.) navigate by the stars / satellite navigation route routes (n.pl.) routed (v.) routine (n.) take a route / en route to depart departure (n.) departed (v.) departing (v.) depart from / the departure lounge financial finance (n./v.) financially (adv.) financier (n.) financial support / financial difficulties available availability (n.) avail (v.) unavailable (adj.) be available to sb. / the tickets available shortage short (adj.) shorten (v.) shortly (adv.) a shortage of / be short of adopt adoption (n.) adopted (adj.) adoptive (adj.) adopt a method / adopt an attitude convince convinced (adj.) convincing (adj.) conviction (n.) convince sb. of / be convinced that contrary contrarily (adv.) contrast (n./v.) contradict (v.) contrary to / on the contrary acknowledge acknowledgement (n.) acknowledged (adj.) knowledge (n.) acknowledge that / be acknowledged as strengthen strength (n.) strong (adj.) strongly (adv.) strengthen ties / strengthen confidence Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编）With over 2,500 bikes in five rental shops, MacBike makes sure there is always a bike ____________ (availability) for you. 2.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读A·改编）The 2.5-hour guided city tour ____________ (departure) from Dam Square every hour on the hour. 3.（2022新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）The charity has been given ____________ (finance) support to roll the hen project out countrywide. 4.（2023新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读C·改编）This book will teach you how to ____________ (adoption) the philosophy of digital minimalism. 5.（2026山东济南·模拟）Zheng He's fleet made seven great ____________ (voyager) to the Western Seas between 1405 and 1433. 6.（2026广东广州·模拟）Early sailors had to ____________ (navigation) by the stars when thick clouds hid the coast. 7.（2026江苏南京·模拟）After studying the old sea maps, the captain chose a shorter ____________ (routing) across the Indian Ocean. 8.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）A serious ____________ (short) of fresh water forced the crew to collect rainwater. 9.（2026四川成都·模拟）It took the admiral a whole night to ____________ (convincing) his frightened sailors of the plan. 10.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）____________ (Contrarily) to what many people believe, the seven voyages were mainly peaceful. 11.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）Most historians now ____________ (acknowledgement) that the fleet brought trade rather than war. 12.（2026河北石家庄·模拟）The friendly visits greatly ____________ (strength) the trade between China and many kingdoms. 13.（2026福建厦门·模拟）The ____________ (depart) of the great fleet from Taicang drew thousands of watchers to the shore. 14.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）Please check the ____________ (available) of the museum tickets before you set off tomorrow. 15.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The wide ____________ (adopt) of the compass changed the history of sea travel for ever. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 六百多年前，郑和踏上了一次伟大的____________（航行）。船员们只能靠星辰与罗盘来____________（导航）；在选定____________（航线）之前，官员们研读了许多天的旧海图。1405年夏天，整支船队做好了从太仓____________（出发）的准备。 朝廷给予了强有力的____________（财政的）支持，因此粮食、淡水与药材在船上都是____________（可取用的）。有一次船上淡水严重____________（短缺），船员们不得不____________（采用）一种收集雨水的新办法。 郑和还得____________（说服）受惊的水手们相信大海并不是怪兽。____________（与…相反）国内许多人所以为的，他所到达的地方富庶而友好。今天大多数史学家都____________（承认），这些远航帮助____________（加强）了中国与许多遥远王国之间的贸易与信任。 Part 7 关联阅读 Last winter our school history club received an unusual invitation from a small maritime museum in Nanjing. The museum was preparing an exhibition about the great voyages of Zheng He, the Ming admiral whose huge fleet first left the Chinese coast in 1405. Its director, Mrs Shen, told us honestly that she had almost no money to spend. The city had cut her financial support that year, and only two small rooms were available for the whole show. Our first job was to decide what story the exhibition should tell. Some members wanted to cover every wall with maps of each route the fleet had once followed. Others argued that ordinary visitors would soon be bored by so many lines and dates. After three long meetings, Mrs Shen managed to convince us that a single clear idea was worth more than a hundred separate facts. We therefore agreed to adopt her plan: the show would follow one ship from the morning it departed until the day it came home. Then came the hard part. There was a serious shortage of real objects, because almost nothing from those wooden ships has survived the past six centuries. We borrowed a copy of a Ming compass from a university, and we asked a retired sailor to explain how early crews had to navigate by the stars whenever thick clouds hid the coast. Contrary to what we had expected, visitors loved these plain, simple things most of all. One boy of seven stood in front of the compass for a full twenty minutes. The exhibition opened in April and stayed open for six weeks. Mrs Shen acknowledged in her short opening speech that the students had done most of the real work, and she thanked us in front of the whole hall. For me, however, the value of those busy months lay somewhere else. Working on the project strengthened my belief that history is never just a list of dates printed in a textbook; it is a story that somebody must still be willing to tell again. 1. What problem did the museum face at the very beginning? A. It had very little money and very little space. B. Its director was about to retire from her post. C. Its two exhibition rooms were being repaired. D. It had lost most of its old maps of the sea. 2. Why did the club members finally accept Mrs Shen's plan? A. She had collected far more maps than they had. B. She made them see that one clear idea worked better. C. The city government had ordered them to follow it. D. The other members had run out of time and patience. 3. What surprised the students about the visitors? A. Most of the visitors came from other cities. B. They asked very few questions about Zheng He. C. They were attracted most by the simplest exhibits. D. They stayed far longer than the museum had planned. 4. What does the author value most about the whole experience? A. The public thanks given by Mrs Shen in the hall. B. The rare chance to talk with a retired old sailor. C. The practical skills learned in designing a show. D. A deeper understanding of what history really means. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：voyage, navigate, route, depart, financial, available, shortage, adopt, convince, contrary, acknowledge, strengthen Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. voyage — ____________ 2. navigate — ____________ 3. route — ____________ 4. depart — ____________ 5. financial — ____________ 6. available — ____________ 7. shortage — ____________ 8. adopt — ____________ 9. convince — ____________ 10. contrary — ____________ 11. acknowledge — ____________ 12. strengthen — ____________ 13. navigation — ____________ 14. departure — ____________ 15. availability — ____________ 16. adoption — ____________ 17. convincing — ____________ 18. strength — ____________ 19. contrary to — ____________ 20. a shortage of — ____________ Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. The old sailor often talks about his first long sea trip to the coast of Africa. → The old sailor often talks about his first long ____________ to the coast of Africa. 2. In old times sailors had to find the way by watching the stars in the night sky. → In old times sailors had to ____________ by watching the stars in the night sky. 3. The captain finally chose a much safer way across the wide and dangerous sea. → The captain finally chose a much safer ____________ across the wide and dangerous sea. 4. The big wooden ship will leave from the old harbour early tomorrow morning. → The big wooden ship will ____________ from the old harbour early tomorrow morning. 5. The small museum badly needs money help from the local government this year. → The small museum badly needs ____________ from the local government this year. 6. Fresh water, rice and medicine were all ready to use on board the great ship. → Fresh water, rice and medicine were all ____________ on board the great ship. 7. A serious lack of fresh water soon became the biggest problem for the crew. → A serious ____________ of fresh water soon became the biggest problem for the crew. 8. The villagers decided to take up a new method of storing rain water in jars. → The villagers decided to ____________ a new method of storing rain water in jars. 9. The teacher tried hard to make us believe that the old sea story was true. → The teacher tried hard to ____________ us that the old sea story was true. 10. Opposite to what most people think, those long voyages were mainly peaceful. → ____________ what most people think, those long voyages were mainly peaceful. 11. Few writers of that time would admit that the sailors had done anything great. → Few writers of that time would ____________ that the sailors had done anything great. 12. These friendly visits helped to build up the trade between the two old kingdoms. → These friendly visits helped to ____________ the trade between the two old kingdoms. Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用12个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：voyage → navigate → route → depart → financial → available → shortage → adopt → convince → contrary → acknowledge → strengthen 复述模板（填空）： 六百多年前，郑和踏上了一次伟大的____________（航行），船员们只能靠星辰与罗盘来____________（导航）。 在选定____________（航线）之前，官员们研读了许多天的旧海图；1405年夏天，整支船队做好了从太仓____________（出发）的准备。 朝廷给予强有力的____________（财政的）支持，粮食与淡水在船上都是____________（可取用的）；后来淡水严重____________（短缺），船员们只好____________（采用）收集雨水的新办法。 郑和还得____________（说服）受惊的水手；____________（与…相反）国内的传闻，他所到之处富庶友好；今天史学家都____________（承认），这些远航____________（加强）了中国与远方王国的贸易与信任。 你的复述： ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ $