2027届高考英语第一次模拟考试（天津卷）

**基本信息** 2027年天津卷高考英语一模试卷，通过语言知识运用（45分）、阅读理解（50分）、写作（35分）三部分，以真实情境与多元主题考查语言能力、文化意识及思维品质，如完形填空聚焦女性登山者赋权项目，阅读涵盖艺术科技与社会观念探讨。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项填空|15题/15分|日常交际、词汇辨析（如favour）、语法（时态/从句）|情境贴近生活（点餐、师生关系），夯实语言基础| |完形填空|20题/30分|实词（adventure/accomplish）、上下文逻辑|以Project Shakthi女性登山故事为载体，渗透文化意识（女性赋权）| |阅读理解|20题/50分|细节理解、推理判断、主旨归纳|A篇艺术科技（康宁玻璃博物馆）、C篇语言与思维研究，培养批判性思维| |写作|2题/35分|信息整合、逻辑表达|阅读表达聚焦家庭旅行感悟，书面表达“自我提升方法”，衔接学习能力与生活实践|

绝密★考试结束前 2027年高考第一次模拟考试（天津卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：130分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．— I’ve got to line up at the restaurant for a meal. — ________You can order food at Meituan. com on your phone. A．Why bother B．How come C．Why not D．About what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我得去餐厅排队吃饭。——何必呢？你可以在手机上的美团网订餐。A. Why bother何必（用于劝对方不要做费力不讨好的事）；B.  How come怎么会（用于询问原因）；C. Why not为什么不（表建议）；D. About what关于什么。根据“You can order food at Meituan.com on your phone.”可知，后者认为没必要去排队，用Why  bother符合语境。 2．My teacher of English is really very kind. I’ll never forget the ________ he has done me. A．deed B．help C．favour D．value 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的英语老师真的非常善良。我永远不会忘记他帮我的忙。A. deed行为；B. help帮助； C. favour恩惠；D. value价值。该句中，“he has done me”为省略关系代词的定语从句，先行词favour在从句中作done的直接宾语。根据My teacher of English is really very kind可知，此处为固定搭配do sb. a favour，意为“帮某人一个忙”。 3．It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China’s leading scholars and scientists ________ in Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao. A．liberated B．emerged C．recalled D．regulated 【答案】B 【详解】句意：难怪中国许多（如果不是大多数的话）顶尖学者和科学家都在联大涌现，其中包括两位诺贝尔物理学奖得主杨振宁和李政道。A. liberate解放；B. emerge出现；C. recall回忆；D. regulate调节。此处指这些顶尖学者和科学家在联大“出现”或“涌现”，emerge符合题意。 4．Catherine is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of a scholarship for two years. A．are B．has been C．have been D．is 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Catherine是这些学生中唯一一个连续两年获得奖学金的人。在“the only one of + 复数名词 + who”结构中，定语从句的先行词是“the only one”，因此从句的谓语动词需用单数形式，此外，句中含有时间状语“for two years”，表示状态从过去持续到现在，需使用现在完成时，结合单数形式与现在完成时，谓语动词应为has been。 5．______ , I think this is a touching book that everyone should read, whatever their age. A．Literally B．Instantly C．Personally D．Intimately 【答案】C 【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：就个人而言，我认为这是一本每人都应该阅读的令人感动的书，无论他们年龄多大。A. Literally按字面意义地；B. Instantly立刻，马上；C. Personally就个人而言；D. Intimately私下地。根据后文“I think”可知，此处陈述个人的观点，故应用副词“Personally就个人而言”作状语，故选C。 6．The reason why J. K. Rowling’s writing career has ________ is that the Harry Potter series have won lots of awards and become very popular around the world. A．set off B．given off C．shown off D．taken off 【答案】D 【详解】句意：J.K.罗琳的写作生涯之所以能够腾飞，是因为《哈利·波特》系列获得了许多奖项并在全世界广受欢迎。A. set off出发；B. given off发出（气味、光等）；C. shown off炫耀；D. taken off腾飞，突然成功。结合“J. K. Rowling’s writing career”可知，空格处应表达“腾飞，取得巨大成功”，用taken off。 7．________ our choices, we should cherish and embrace those bittersweet moments in life. A．Whichever B．However C．Whatever D．Whether 【答案】C 【详解】句意：无论我们的选择是什么，我们都应该珍惜并拥抱生活中那些苦乐参半的时刻。此处引导让步状语从句，从句中省去了谓语动词，结合句意，此处应表示“无论选择是什么”应为whatever引导的让步状语从句，其完整形式为“Whatever our choices are”，在 whatever 引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的主语是名词，谓语是 be 动词时，be 动词常可省略。 8．After cutting myself off from the outside world preparing for the exam, I couldn’t wait to catch up on news to keep myself ________. A．updating B．updated C．to be updated D．being updated 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在为了准备考试而与外界隔绝之后，我迫不及待地想了解新闻，以使自己掌握最新情况。此处为“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，动词update意为“更新，使了解最新情况”与宾语myself之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此需要使用过去分词updated作宾语补足语，表示“使自己掌握最新情况”。 9．As many of us already know, having plans ________ for the future is no guarantee that they will become reality. A．in place B．in advance C．in vain D．in shape 【答案】A 【详解】句意：正如我们许多人已经知道的那样，为未来制定好计划并不能保证它们会成为现实。A. in place准备就绪；B. in advance提前；C. in vain徒劳；D. in shape处于良好状态。此处为固定搭配“have sth in place”，意为“使某事准备就绪/落实到位”，此处表示计划已经安排妥当。 10．The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we ________ continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem. A．must B．could C．should D．shall 【答案】A 【详解】句意：挑战者号的牺牲在召唤我们，提醒我们无论繁星看起来多么遥不可及，我们都必须继续去探索。A. must必须；B. could能够；C. should应该；D. shall将要。结合“continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem”可知，此处表达的是一种强烈的义务和号召，强调面对牺牲，我们有不可推卸的责任去追求目标，语气最为坚定，故用must。 11．The intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe ________ to the island to give it a happy ending. A．that B．one C．it D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：干预是一个悲伤故事的漫长而姗姗来迟的结局，但我们人类有责任给这个岛屿一个幸福的结局。此处为固定句型“owe it to sb. to do sth.”，意为“有责任/义务为某人做某事”，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语“to give it a happy ending”，所以此处为代词it。 12．Despite some difficulties, there are special moments ______ make it worthwhile for moms to take care of children at home. A．when B．where C．which D．what 【答案】C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：尽管有一些困难，但也有一些特殊的时刻，让妈妈们在家里照顾孩子是值得的。此处moments是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以定语从句由that/which引导。故选C。 13．When I succeeded in becoming an employee of IBM China, many friends asked me __________ I survived the interview. A．how B．that C．when D．why 【答案】A 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：当我成功成为IBM中国的一名员工时，许多朋友问我是如何通过面试的。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，根据“I succeeded in becoming an employee of IBM China”可知。朋友问“我”是如何通过面试的，空格处意为“如何”，用how引导宾语从句，故选A。 14．—What matters for the cooperation between companies? —________differences in a sincere way. A．Approached B．Having approached C．To be approached D．Approaching 【答案】D 【详解】考查动名词。句意：——什么对企业之间的合作很重要？——以真诚的方式处理分歧。回答what应用动名词或动词不定式。根据句意可知，应该用动名词的一般式。故选D。 15．— At last you have come! — ________. A．I’m glad to meet you B．I hope you don’t mind C．Sorry to have kept you waiting D．Let’s go together 【答案】C 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你终于来了！——对不起，让你久等了。A. I’m glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你；B. I hope you don’t mind. 希望你不介意；C. Sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起让你久等了；D. Let’s go together. 我们一起。根据“At last you have come!”可知，第二个说话的人来迟了，让对方等了很久，所以要为自己的行为道歉，用“对不起让你久等了”符合语境。故选C。 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Poorna Malavath and Kavya Manyapu are two women who have made exploring the world's most difficult mountains their passion. They have now channeled their spirit of 16 into Project Shakthi. The purpose of Project Shakthi is to change mindsets about what women can 17 and to promote stories that can serve as 18 . Malavath and Manyapu are determined not only to 19 money for education but also to empower (赋权) girls by exposing them to opportunities that would otherwise remain 20 . Their 21 began in August when they climbed a 6,012m peak in Ladakh, India, which had never been mapped by humans before. The mountain presented challenges for even a fully 22 mountaineer like Malavath, with no trails to 23 . Rainy weather conditions that turned to snow at high altitudes added to the 24 of climbing the peak. At their darkest moments, they found 25 in Shakthi’s aim: “We climb so that girls can 26 .” Malavath and Manyapu believe that while women are now seen in various fields, there is still a wide gap to 27 . Enrollment rates (入学率) are almost 28 between genders across the world; 29 , only 36% of girls complete lower secondary school compared to 44% of boys in low-income countries. To 30 this global issue, Project Shakthi has set its sights on 31 the beneficial groups. Manyapu and Malavath plan to climb Mount Aconcagua as part of their next phase. They invite people interested in climbing to 32 them. The project has already begun selecting girls in India. 33 , the project aims to sponsor girls across the globe. Malavath and Manyapu continue their 34 so that girls can have an education. The two inspiring women are making a difference in the world and 35 others to do the same. 16．A．freedom B．competition C．tolerance D．adventure 17．A．encounter B．participate C．accomplish D．involve 18．A．lessons B．models C．warnings D．presents 19．A．save B．donate C．raise D．lend 20．A．inaccessible B．favorable C．avoidable D．unlimited 21．A．separation B．performance C．journey D．interview 22．A．selfless B．experienced C．thoughtful D．respectable 23．A．follow B．escape C．design D．miss 24．A．popularity B．curiosity C．enjoyment D．complexity 25．A．motivation B．opportunity C．excuse D．understanding 26．A．travel B．benefit C．survive D．volunteer 27．A．bridge B．create C．identify D．enlarge 28．A．steady B．normal C．obvious D．equal 29．A．otherwise B．however C．therefore D．moreover 30．A．ensure B．conserve C．tackle D．investigate 31．A．broadening B．discovering C．transforming D．securing 32．A．impress B．join C．judge D．challenge 33．A．Secretly B．Eventually C．Temporarily D．Luckily 34．A．experiment B．search C．mission D．preparation 35．A．forbidding B．permitting C．instructing D．stimulating 【答案】 16．D 17．C 18．B 19．C 20．A 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．A 28．D 29．B 30．C 31．A 32．B 33．B 34．C 35．D 【导语】本文主要讲的是两位女性登山者Poorna Malavath和Kavya Manyapu攀登了世界上最艰难的山峰，并以此为契机发起了Project Shakthi项目。 【详解】16．考查名词。句意：她们已经将她们的冒险精神投入到Project Shakthi中。A. freedom自由；B. competition竞争；C. tolerance容忍；D. adventure冒险。根据前文“exploring the world’s most difficult mountains”以及后文多处提到登山，可知她们的精神核心是冒险。 17．考查动词。句意：Project Shakthi的目的是改变人们对女性所能成就的看法，并推广那些可以作为榜样的故事。A. encounter遭遇；B. participate参与；C. accomplish完成、实现；D. involve涉及。根据下文“empower (赋权) girls by exposing them to opportunities”可知，这个项目的目的是改变人们对女性可完成的成就的看法。 18．考查名词。句意同上。A. lessons课程；B. models榜样；C. warnings警告；D. presents礼物。根据后文“empower (赋权) girls”可知，这些故事是用来给女孩们树立榜样的，serve as models意为“作为榜样”。 19．考查动词。句意：Malavath和Manyapu不仅决心为教育筹集资金，还致力于通过让女孩们接触那些否则将无法获得的机会来赋权她们。A. save节省；B. donate捐赠；C. raise筹集；D. lend借出。根据下文“money for education”可知，Malavath和Manyapu为教育筹集资金。 20．考查形容词。句意：Malavath和Manyapu不仅决心为教育筹集资金，还致力于通过让女孩们接触那些否则将无法获得的机会来赋权她们。A. inaccessible无法获得的；B. favorable有利的；C. avoidable可避免的；D. unlimited无限的。根据上文“otherwise”可知，这些机会对女孩们来说原本是无法获得的。 21．考查名词。句意：她们的旅程始于八月，当时她们攀登了印度拉达克一座海拔6,012米的山峰，这座山峰此前从未被人类测绘过。A. separation分离；B. performance表现；C. journey旅程；D. interview采访。根据后文“climbed a 6,012m peak”可知，此处指她们的登山之旅，journey与climbed搭配自然。 22．考查形容词。句意：这座山即使对像Malavath这样经验丰富的登山者来说也充满了挑战，因为根本没有可供跟随的路线。A. selfless无私的；B. experienced有经验的；C. thoughtful体贴的；D. respectable受尊敬的。根据前文“even”和“fully”可知，此处强调即使是经验丰富的登山者也觉得难。 23．考查动词。句意同上。A. follow跟随；B. escape逃跑；C. design设计；D. miss错过。根据前文“no trails”可知，此处是指没有可以跟随的路线，follow trails“跟随小路/路线”为固定搭配。 24．考查名词。句意：高海拔处由雨转雪的恶劣天气增加了攀登这座山峰的复杂性。A. popularity流行；B. curiosity好奇；C. enjoyment享受；D. complexity复杂性。根据前文“Rainy weather conditions that turned to snow”和常识可知，天气恶劣使攀登更加复杂。 25．考查名词。句意：在最黑暗的时刻，她们从Shakthi的目标中找到了动力：“我们攀登，是为了让女孩们受益。”A. motivation动力；B. opportunity机会；C. excuse借口；D. understanding理解。根据后文引号中的话“We climb so that girls can ____”可知，这是她们坚持下去的动力来源。 26．考查动词。句意：在最黑暗的时刻，她们从Shakthi的目标中找到了动力：“我们攀登，是为了让女孩们受益。”A. travel旅行；B. benefit受益；C. survive生存；D. volunteer志愿。根据第二段“money for education but also to empower (赋权) girls by exposing them to opportunities”所说的Project Shakthi的宗旨——为女孩筹集教育资金、赋权女孩可知，攀登的目的是让女孩们受益。 27．考查动词。句意：Malavath和Manyapu认为，尽管如今女性已出现在各个领域，但仍有很大的差距需要弥合。A. bridge弥合；B. create创造；C. identify识别；D. enlarge扩大。由“a wide gap”可知，此处是bridge the gap固定搭配，意为“弥合差距”。 28．考查形容词。句意：全球范围内男女入学率几乎平等；然而，在低收入国家，只有36%的女孩完成了初中学业，而男孩的这一比例为44%。A. steady稳定的；B. normal正常的；C. obvious明显的；D. equal平等的。根据后文“only 36% of girls complete lower secondary school compared to 44% of boys in low-income countries”可知，前文说的是表面上几乎平等。 29．考查副词。句意：全球范围内男女入学率几乎平等；然而，在低收入国家，只有36%的女孩完成了初中学业，而男孩的这一比例为44%。A. otherwise否则；B. however然而；C. therefore因此；D. moreover而且。前文说入学率几乎平等，后文说实际差距很大，前后构成转折关系，however正确。 30．考查动词。句意：为了应对这一全球性问题，Project Shakthi将目标放在了扩大受益群体上。A. ensure确保；B. conserve保护；C. tackle解决、应对；D. investigate调查。由下文“this global issue”和“Project Shakthi has set its sights”可知，此处表示“应对这一全球性问题”。 31．考查动词。句意同上。A. broadening扩大；B. discovering发现；C. transforming转变；D. securing确保。根据后文“sponsor girls across the globe”可知，Project Shakthi的目标是扩大受益范围。 32．考查动词。句意：她们邀请有兴趣攀登的人加入她们。A. impress给……留下印象；B. join加入；C. judge判断；D. challenge挑战。根据前文“invite people”可知，此处是邀请人加入她们的登山计划。 33．考查副词。句意：最终，该项目旨在资助全球的女孩。A. Secretly秘密地；B. Eventually最终；C. Temporarily暂时地；D. Luckily幸运地。根据前文“has already begun selecting girls in India”和后文“the project aims to sponsor girls across the globe.”可知，这是第一步，最终目标是全球范围。 34．考查名词。句意：Malavath和Manyapu继续她们的使命，以便让女孩们能够接受教育。A. experiment实验；B. search搜索；C. mission使命；D. preparation准备。根据后文“so that girls can have an education”和全文主题——她们通过登山为女孩争取教育机会，这是她们的使命。 35．考查动词。句意：这两位鼓舞人心的女性正在改变世界，并激励其他人也这样做。A. forbidding禁止；B. permitting允许；C. instructing指导；D. stimulating激发，鼓励。根据前文“They invite people interested in climbing to ____ them”可知，她们邀请人们加入她们，也就是激励其他人也这么做。 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The Corning Museum of Glass (CMoG) offers Artist-in-Residence programs every year. Today, The Studio announced the coming guests: several artists who will spend some time at The Studio, researching and experimenting with new techniques to further their work. And each resident will give a public lecture during their time at the museum. Crawford Alexander Mann Ⅲ May 13~20; Public lecture on May 16 Mann, during his residency, will conduct research to show how Venetian’s 19th Century Glass Revival contributed to the achievements in painting and printmaking by authoritative American artists. Freyja Hartzell July 29~ August 9; Public lecture on August 8 Dr. Freyja Hartzell, associate professor at Bard Graduate Center in New York, likes to study how we interact with objects. During her residency, she will focus on how glass as a material is transparent (透明的) but has not always delivered lectures on political and social transparency. Matthew Curtis and Machiko Ito September 28~October 26; Public lecture on October 24 Curtis and Ito are both glassmakers. In their residency, Curtis will realize a glass structure of considerable scale by focusing on the development and improvement of a large-scale glass membrane (膜),while Ito will increase the scale of her pieces and improve the details of her knitting structure. Aya Oki, Brandyn Callahan, and Phirak Suon November 1~30; Public lecture on November 21 Aya Oki’s work often looks organic and balloon-like because of her process of highlighting the materiality of glass. Designer Suon and glassblower Callahan will explore how digital manufacturing and 3-D printing can influence how we produce and think about glass as a material. 36．What will the artists do at CMoG? A．Set up a studio. B．Listen to lectures. C．Share their work experience. D．Do some research and experiment. 37．Who will stay at CMoG for the shortest time? A．Dr. Freyja Hartzell. B．Crawford Alexander Mann Ⅲ. C．Matthew Curtis and Machiko Ito. D．Aya Oki, Brandyn Callahan, and Phirak Suon. 38．What is Dr. Freyja Hartzell interested in? A．The way people interact with objects. B．The method of making glass. C．The influence of the Glass Revival. D．The way to improve social transparency. 39．What can we know about Curtis and Ito’s research? A．It’s about glass structure. B．It has made great progress. C．It lacks financial support. D．It’s based on high-tech materials. 40．When can you go to CMoG if you are curious about the materiality of glass? A．On May 16. B．On August 8. C．On October 24. D．On November 21. 【答案】36．D 37．B 38．A 39．A 40．D 【导语】文章讲述了康宁玻璃博物馆推出年度驻馆艺术家项目，多位艺术家分时段前来研究实验并开展公开讲座，各自围绕玻璃展开不同方向的探索。 【详解】36．细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, The Studio announced the coming guests: several artists who will spend some time at The Studio, researching and experimenting with new techniques to further their work.(今天，工作室公布了即将来访的嘉宾名单：几位艺术家将来到工作室，花一段时间在此进行研究和尝试新的创作手法，以进一步推进他们的作品创作)”可知，艺术家们在“当代艺术与现代设计展”上会进行一些研究和实验。 37．细节理解题。根据第一部分“May 13~20(5 月 13 日至 20 日)”；第二部分“July 29~ August 9(7月29日至8月9日)”；第三部分“September 28~October 26(9月28日至10月26日)”以及第四部分“November 1~30(11月1日至30日)”可知，克劳福德·亚历山大·曼三世在CMoG逗留的时间最短。 38．细节理解题。根据Freyja Hartzell部分“Dr. Freyja Hartzell, associate professor at Bard Graduate Center in New York, likes to study how we interact with objects.(纽约巴德研究生中心的副教授弗雷雅·哈泽尔博士喜欢研究我们与物体之间的互动方式)”可知，弗雷雅·哈泽尔博士感兴趣的是人们与物体互动的方式。 39．细节理解题。根据Matthew Curtis and Machiko Ito部分“In their residency, Curtis will realize a glass structure of considerable scale by focusing on the development and improvement of a large-scale glass membrane (膜),while Ito will increase the scale of her pieces and improve the details of her knitting structure.(在他们的驻留创作期间，柯蒂斯将通过专注于开发和改进大型玻璃膜结构来打造一个规模宏大的玻璃建筑；而伊托则会扩大其作品的规模，并改进其编织结构的细节)”可知，柯蒂斯和伊托的研究是关于玻璃结构的。 40．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Aya Oki’s work often looks organic and balloon-like because of her process of highlighting the materiality of glass.(阿雅·奥基的作品通常呈现出一种自然且类似气球的形态，这是因为她采用了突出玻璃材质特性的创作手法)”以及“November 1~30; Public lecture on November 21(11月1日至30日；11月21日为公开讲座日)”可知，如果你对玻璃的材质感兴趣，那么你可以在11月21日前往CMoG。 B Martin was returning to work in his London office after spending two weeks with his brother in New York. He was coming back with a heavy heart. It was not just that it was the end of a wonderful holiday; it was not just that he invariably suffered badly from jet lag(时差); it was that Monday morning always began with a team meeting and, over the months, he had grown to hate them. Martin was aware that colleagues approached these meetings with hidden agenda(会议议程); they indulged in (沉溺于) game playing; and he knew that people were not being honest and open. The meetings themselves were bad enough - there was all the moaning afterwards at the meeting like“I could have improved on that idea, but I wasn’t going to say.” As this morning’s meeting began, Martin prepared himself for the usual dullness and boredom. But, as the meeting progressed, he became aware of a strange background noise. At first, he thought that he was still hearing the engine noise from the aircraft that had brought him back to London. But as he concentrated on the noise, it became a little clearer. He realized, to his amazement, that he could actually hear what they were thinking at the same time as they were speaking. What surprised him, even more than the acquisition of this strange power, was that he discovered that what people were saying was not really what they were thinking. They were not making clear their reservations. They were not supporting views which they thought might be popular. They were not contributing their new insights. They were not volunteering their new ideas. Martin found it impossible not to respond to his new knowledge. So he started to make gentle interventions, based more on what he could hear his colleagues thinking than on what he could hear them saying. “So, John, are you really saying…” “Susan, do you really think that?” “Tom, have you got an idea on how we could take this forward?” They looked at him, puzzled.In truth, he felt rather proud of his newly-acquired talent. As the meeting progressed, it was clear to him that each member of the meeting was learning how to hear the thoughts of the others. The game playing started to fall away; people started to speak more directly; views became better understood; the atmosphere became more open and trusting. The meeting ended. As people left the room, Martin found that he could still hear what they were thinking. “That was the best meeting we’ve ever had.”“All meetings should be like that.”“In future, I’m going to say what I think.” 41．It is known from the first paragraph that Martin . A．just came back from his business trip in New York B．was found to suffer from a serious heart disease during the trip C．had a good time during his fortnight’s stay in New York D．didn’t like his work in his London office 42．Why did Martin hate his company’s team meeting? A．Because it had to be held every Monday morning. B．Because he was tired of hosting such a meeting C．Because he couldn’t control the meeting that was out of order. D．Because the meeting atmosphere wasn’t open and trusting. 43．The underlined part“his newly-acquired talent” in Paragraph 5 means that he could A．still hear the engine noise of the plane though he was back B．clearly predict what the members of the meeting would say C．actually control the thoughts of the members of the meeting D．encourage the members to express their thoughts in words 44．What do we know about this Monday morning’s meeting from the passage? A．Martin made people say what they were thinking immediately the meeting began. B．Martin was angry at the dullness of the meeting at the beginning of the meeting. C．Martin led people to express their real thoughts with the meeting progressing. D．Many members of the meeting played games and told lies at the meeting all the time. 45．It is inferred from the last two paragraphs that towards the end of the meeting Martin would hear such words as“ ”. A．I was thinking of making a suggestion-but I couldn’t be bothered B．I have got an idea on how we could take this forward. I think we should... C．The usual people say the usual things, so I have no other new ideas D．I could have imagined on that idea, but I wasn’t willing to say that 【答案】41．C 42．D 43．D 44．C 45．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲叙了马丁在纽约度假回来之后就拥有了能听见同事心声的能力，并用这种能力让原本星期一早上枯燥无味的开会变得开放和互相信任起来。 【详解】41．细节理解题。根据第一段“Martin was returning to work in his London office after spending two weeks with his brother in New York. He was coming back with a heavy heart. It was not just that it was the end of a wonderful holiday;(马丁和他哥哥在纽约呆了两周后回到伦敦办公室工作。他怀着沉重的心情回来了。这不仅仅是一个美好假期的结束)”可知，马丁在纽约的两周假期是愉快的。故选C项。 42．细节理解题。根据第二段“Martin was aware that colleagues approached these meetings with hidden agenda（会议议 程）; they indulged in(沉溺于）game playing ; and he knew that people were not being honest and open.(马丁意识到同事们在参加这些会议时都有隐藏的议程；他们沉迷于游戏；他知道人们并不诚实和开放)”可知，马丁不喜欢周一早上的会议是因为会议上人们并不开放和互相信任。故选D项。 43．词句猜测题。根据第五段“So he started to make gentle interventions, based more on what he could hear his colleagues thinking than on what he could hear them saying. “So, John, are you really saying…” “Susan, do you really think that?” “Tom, have you got an idea on how we could take this forward?” They looked at him, puzzled(所以他开始进行温和的干预，更多的是基于他听到的同事的想法，而不是他听到的他们说的话。“苏珊，你真的这么认为吗？”“汤姆，你知道我们该如何推进这件事吗？”他们不解地看着他)”和最后一句“In truth, he felt rather proud of his newly -acquired talent.(事实上，他为自己新获得的天赋感到相当自豪)”可知，由于马丁能听到同事们真正的想法，他对同事们的发言进行追问，鼓励同事们表达自己的想法，这让马丁感到很自豪，故选D项。 44．细节理解题。根据第六段“As the meeting progressed, it was clear to him that each member of the meeting was learning how to hear the thoughts of the others. The game playing started to fall away; people started to speak more directly; views became better understood; the atmosphere became more open and trusting.(随着会议的进行，他清楚地发现，会议的每个成员都在学习如何倾听其他人的想法。玩游戏的兴致开始减弱；人们开始更直接地说话；观点得到了更好的理解；气氛变得更加开放和信任)”可知，由于马丁的干涉，会议上人们开始更加直接地表达自己的想法。故选C项。 45．推理判断题。根据第六段“As the meeting progressed, it was clear to him that each member of the meeting was learning how to hear the thoughts of the others. The game playing started to fall away; people started to speak more directly; views became better understood; the atmosphere became more open and trusting.(随着会议的进行，他清楚地发现，会议的每个成员都在学习如何倾听其他人的想法。玩游戏的兴致开始减弱：人们开始更直接地说话;观点得到了更好的理解；气氛变得更加开放和信任)”和第七段“The meeting ended. As people left the room, Martin found that he could still hear what they were thinking. “That was the best meeting we’ve ever had.”“All meetings should be like that.”“In future, I’m going to say what I think.”(会议结束了。当人们离开房间时，马丁发现他还能听到他们在想什么。“这是我们有过的最好的一次会面。“所有的会议都应该这样。”“以后，我想什么就说什么”)”可知，在会议上人们更加直接地表达了自己的想法，因此马丁可能会听到：我对我们如何推进这一点有了想法。我想我们应该……，故选B项。 C Many think that language is what sets humans apart from other animals, and that for us to think, language is a decisive factor. British philosopher Bertrand Russell even claimed in 1948 that no intelligent thinking can take place without language. However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. It found that language and thought are two distinct entities, working in separate parts of the brain. They are, in short, “far more independent than we imagined”, wrote ZME Science. The study, conducted by scientists from the US, explored the language-thought relationship through two research approaches. First, they studied patients suffering from global aphasia, who had lost much of their ability to understand or speak due to damage to the left hemisphere of their brain. However, they can still complete complex tasks. “You can ask people with global aphasia to solve math problems or perform social reasoning tests, and as long as the instructions are non-verbal, they can succeed,” Evelina Fedorenko, one of the study’s authors from the US Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told ZME Science. The researchers also used brain-imaging tools to study the brains of healthy volunteers as they performed non-verbal tasks, like solving puzzles and planning. It was found that the brain’s language regions were mostly inactive during such activities. In other words, we generally need language to express our thoughts but we can still think without words. So, if language isn’t necessary for thinking, then why did humans develop it? Fedorenko said language serves mainly as a tool for communication. “Most of the things that you probably learned about the world, you learned through language and not through direct experience with the world,” she said. By being able to share complex information through language, humans gained an evolutionary advantage. Although language does not give rise to thoughts, past research shows that how we speak can heavily influence how we think. For example, the English sentence “he fired the gun” is usually phrased as “the gun went off” in Japanese. As a result, English speakers are more likely to focus on the person responsible for an accident than Japanese speakers, according to Psychology Today. 46．What does the recent study show about language and thought? A．Language and thought work separately. B．Language is the basis of intelligent thought. C．Language and thought depend on each other. D．Language determines the complexity of thought. 47．What is the main purpose of the study mentioned in the passage? A．To prove that language is essential for intelligent thinking. B．To examine the relationship between language and thought. C．To develop new treatments for patients with global aphasia. D．To identify the brain regions responsible for non-verbal reasoning. 48．What did brain-imaging tools reveal about healthy volunteers performing non-verbal task? A．They struggled with problem-solving. B．Their language centers became overactive. C．Their language regions showed little activity. D．They would unconsciously use verbal strategies. 49．How can language serve humans, according to Fedorenko? A．It helps humans generate thoughts. B．It decides humans’ evolutionary direction. C．It replaces direct experience with the world. D．It facilitates the exchange of complicated ideas. 50．What is the main idea of the text? A．Thought can operate independently from language. B．Language plays a decisive role in shaping human thought. C．Language and thought are deeply interdependent in the brain. D．The absence of language makes complex thought impossible. 【答案】46．A 47．B 48．C 49．D 50．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过研究发现，语言和思维是独立的大脑功能，思维无需语言也可进行。语言主要是交流工具，帮助人类传递复杂信息获得进化优势，但思维活动与语言区域关联不大。 【详解】46．细节理解题。根据第一段“It found that language and thought are two distinct entities, working in separate parts of the brain. They are, in short, “far more independent than we imagined”, wrote ZME Science.(该研究发现，语言和思维是两个独立的实体，分别在大脑的不同区域运作。简而言之，它们“远比我们想象的要独立得多”，据ZME科学网站报道)”可知，最近的研究表明语言和思维是分开工作的。故选A项。 47．推理判断题。根据第一段“However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. It found that language and thought are two distinct entities, working in separate parts of the brain.(然而，最近发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究却得出了相反的结论。该研究发现，语言和思维是两个独立的实体，分别在大脑的不同区域运作)”以及第二段“The study, conducted by scientists from the US, explored the language-thought relationship through two research approaches.(这项研究由来自美国的科学家开展，他们通过两种研究方法来探究语言与思维之间的关系)”可知，文章提到的这项研究的主要目的是探究语言和思维之间的关系。故选B项。 48．细节理解题。根据第四段“The researchers also used brain-imaging tools to study the brains of healthy volunteers as they performed non-verbal tasks, like solving puzzles and planning. It was found that the brain’s language regions were mostly inactive during such activities.(研究人员还利用脑成像技术对健康志愿者的大脑进行了研究，观察他们在完成诸如解谜和规划等非语言任务时的情况。结果发现，在这些活动中，大脑的语言区域大多处于不活跃状态)”可知，大脑成像工具显示，健康志愿者在进行非语言任务时，他们的大脑语言区域几乎没有活动。故选C项。 49．细节理解题。根据第五段“Fedorenko said language serves mainly as a tool for communication. “Most of the things that you probably learned about the world, you learned through language and not through direct experience with the world,” she said. By being able to share complex information through language, humans gained an evolutionary advantage.(Fedorenko表示，语言主要是一种交流工具。“你对世界的大部分认知，都是通过语言而非直接与世界接触所获得的，”她说。通过借助语言来传递复杂信息，人类获得了进化上的优势)”可知，根据Fedorenko的说法，语言可以促进复杂思想的交流，从而为人类服务。故选D项。 50．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. It found that language and thought are two distinct entities, working in separate parts of the brain.(然而，最近发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究却得出了相反的结论。该研究发现，语言和思维是两个独立的实体，分别在大脑的不同区域运作)”以及文章主要介绍了语言和思维之间的关系，研究表明，思维可以在没有语言的情况下独立运作。A选项“思想可以独立于语言而存在”概括文章主要内容，符合题意。故选A项。 D Meritocracy (优绩主义) has become a leading social ideal. Politicians continually return to the theme that the rewards of life — money, jobs, university admission — should be distributed according to skill and effort. Morally and theoretically, meritocracy is seen as the opposite of inherited aristocracy (贵族), where one’s social status depends on birth luck. Although widely held, the belief that merit rather than luck determines success or failure in the world is demonstrably false. This is not least because merit itself is, in large part, the result of luck. Talent and the capacity for determined effort depend a great deal on one’s genetic gifts and upbringing. This is to say nothing of other fortuitous (偶然发生的) circumstances that figure into every success story. In his book Success and Luck, Robert Frank recounts the coincidences behind the rise of many successful entrepreneurs. Luck intervenes by offering people merit, and again by furnishing circumstances where merit can translate into success. This is not to deny the industry and talent of successful people. However, it does demonstrate that the link between merit and outcome is weak and indirect at best. In addition to being false, research suggests that believing in meritocracy makes people more selfish, less self-critical and more likely to act in biased ways. The “ultimatum game” is a common psychological experiment, where one player is given a sum of money and told to propose a division between him and another player, who may accept or reject the offer. If the offer is rejected, neither gets anything. Usually, a relatively even split is offered. In one variation, participants played a fake game of skill before making offers. Players who were led to believe they had “won” claimed more for themselves than those who engaged in games of chance. Similar studies suggest that just having the idea of skill in mind makes people more tolerant of unequal outcomes. By contrast, research on gratitude indicates that remembering the role of luck increases generosity. Simply asking subjects to recall external contributors to their successes made them more likely to give to charity than those remembering internal factors. Part of meritocracy’s moral appeal is its power to justify the existing social order. On top of that, it also offers flattery. Where success is determined by merit, each win can be viewed as a reflection of personal worth and worldly failures become signs of personal weaknesses. Meritocracy ought to be abandoned both as a belief about how the world works and as a general social ideal. It’s false, and believing in it encourages selfishness, discrimination and indifference to the struggles of the unfortunate. 51．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To clarify the fundamental reasons why meritocracy affects social position. B．To contrast two widely accepted standards of distributing the rewards of life. C．To explain the two social systems and highlight meritocracy. D．To present the mainstream definition of meritocracy by making a comparison. 52．According to the second paragraph, the author thinks the widely held belief is false because ______. A．Personal merit largely comes from random fortune itself. B．Just like talent, merit has nothing to do with one’s family nurture. C．Merit rests on talent and perseverance, both rooted in natural advantages. D．Unlike random luck, personal merit is shaped by diligence and family background. 53．What can we learn from the first three paragraphs? A．Politicians argue life rewards are set at birth. B．Talent and determination owe nothing to luck. C．Industry enhances merit and directs to success. D．Merit is largely decided by circumstantial factors. 54．What does the author imply by citing the “ultimatum game” experiment? A．The results confirm meritocracy’s moral appeal. B．Belief in merit may encourage selfishness and bias. C．Ideas of skill can increase our willingness to donate. D．Games of chance ensure even distribution of resources. 55．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To criticise the mindset of chasing success. B．To challenge a commonly held social belief. C．To compare different social reward systems. D．To evaluate the pros and cons of meritocracy. 【答案】51．D 52．A 53．D 54．B 55．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了优绩主义这一主流社会理想，分析了其存在的谬误，并论述了信奉优绩主义带来的负面影响，最终提出应摒弃这一理念。 【详解】51．推理判断题。根据第一段“Meritocracy (优绩主义) has become a leading social ideal. Politicians continually return to the theme that the rewards of life — money, jobs, university admission — should be distributed according to skill and effort. Morally and theoretically, meritocracy is seen as the opposite of inherited aristocracy (贵族), where one’s social status depends on birth luck.(优绩主义已然成为主流的社会理念。政客们不断重申这样一种观点：财富、工作、升学等人生回报，都应当依据个人能力与付出进行分配。从道德和理论层面来看，优绩主义被视作世袭贵族制度的对立面——在贵族体系中，社会地位完全由出身和运气决定。)”可知，作者通过与世袭贵族制度对比，介绍了优绩主义的主流定义与核心内涵。 52．细节理解题。根据第二段“Although widely held, the belief that merit rather than luck determines success or failure in the world is demonstrably false. This is not least because merit itself is, in large part, the result of luck.(尽管这一观念被广泛接受，但认为是能力而非运气决定成败的观点，显然是错误的。这主要是因为能力本身在很大程度上就是运气的产物。)”可知，作者认为这一普遍观念错误，是因为个人能力很大程度上源于偶然运气本身。 53．推理判断题。根据第二段“Talent and the capacity for determined effort depend a great deal on one’s genetic gifts and upbringing.(天赋和坚定努力的能力很大程度上取决于个人的遗传天赋和成长环境。)”以及第三段“This is to say nothing of other fortuitous (偶然发生的) circumstances that figure into every success story.(更不用说每个成功故事中都存在的其他偶然因素了。)”可知，个人能力在很大程度上由各类环境与偶然因素决定。 54．推理判断题。根据第四段“In addition to being false, research suggests that believing in meritocracy makes people more selfish, less self-critical and more likely to act in biased ways.(除了本身存在谬误外，研究表明，信奉优绩主义会让人变得更自私、更少自我批评，也更容易带有偏见行事。)”可知，作者引用“最后通牒博弈”实验，意在说明信奉优绩主义会助长自私与偏见。 55．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Meritocracy ought to be abandoned both as a belief about how the world works and as a general social ideal.(优绩主义无论是作为对世界运行方式的认知，还是作为一种普遍的社会理想，都应该被摒弃。)”可知，作者的写作目的是挑战这一普遍持有的社会信念。 第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。 I packed my family into our old car and set off on a 3,000 km trip from Sydney to the outback, hoping to create lasting memories for my city-raised kids. The plan seemed ambitious — covering such distances with two young kids might sound crazy, but I held tight to my own childhood outback memories: endless roads, starlit skies, and tales of mysterious creatures. For most of the journey, we felt annoyed: arguments over the window seat, complaints about sore legs and constant “how much longer?” questions. At a bird-hide near Forbes, we watched a swamp with bright green water and dead trees. Eager to share Australian folk stories, I confidently told the kids that a mysterious creature lived there, but stumbled (支支吾吾) when they asked if it ate kids. Their enthusiasm for the smallest joy knocked me for six — I hadn’t expected them to find wonder in such simple things. They whispered in awe as a white egret (白鹭) glided across the water, and laughed when a frog leaped onto the wooden railing. That night, they pressed their faces to the motel window, just to watch the night trains roll past. In their eyes, everything was new and I was carried by their joy. Three days later, we arrived in Broken Hill. I dragged the kids to the mineral museum, feeling afraid that the mineral museum would bore the kids, but they lit up comparing colorful ore (矿石) samples to their Minecraft blocks. They ran their fingers over jagged crystals and begged for tiny mineral keychains. I bought them each one. The trip wasn’t perfect: hard mattresses, lukewarm showers, and a flat tire that delayed us an hour. But on Easter morning, I hid hand-painted eggs around our cheap room. The kids scrambled under the bed, dug through the dresser, and even checked the ice bucket — letting out joyful cries when they found each one. As I watched them share a chocolate egg, I realized I’d been trying to teach them about the outback’s vastness, but they’d taught me something better: a painted egg in a plain room can feel more like a gift than any grand view. 56．Why did the author organize a trip to the outback? (no more than 10 words) 57．What does the underlined phrase in Para.3 probably mean? (no more than 3 words) 58．What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us? (no more than 10 words) 59．What does the author learn from the children in the last paragraph? (no more than 15 words) 60．What do you expect from travel? Please explain. (no more than 20 words) 【答案】56．To leave/give her kids/children lasting memories as she did. /She wanted to give her children the memories of the outback. /To create lasting memories of the outback. 57．Amazed/Surprised me./Astonished me. 58．The children found unexpected joy in the mineral museum. /The kids enjoyed the mineral museum unexpectedly. /The children’s unexpected joy in the mineral museum. 59．Happiness lies/is/can be found in small moments or things. /Small joys in simple things can be more meaningful than grand views. 60．I expect to step out of routine, enjoy myself in other ways of being, and return with a quieter mind. /I expect to relax and explore new places so that I can create happy memories. /I expect to see the unknown, so I feel alive in new rhythms and change how I see everyday life. 【导语】文章主要讲述作者带孩子前往澳大利亚内陆自驾旅行，旅途虽有波折，孩子们却从小事物里收获满满欢乐，也让作者领悟到平凡小事亦藏珍贵幸福。 【详解】56．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“I packed my family into our old car and set off on a 3,000 km trip from Sydney to the outback, hoping to create lasting memories for my city-raised kids.(我带着家人驱车三千公里从悉尼前往内陆，希望为在城市长大的孩子们留下难忘回忆)”可知，作者此行目的是为孩子打造难忘的旅途回忆。 57．词句猜测题。根据原文第三段“I hadn’t expected them to find wonder in such simple things.(我从未料到他们能从这般平凡事物中发现乐趣)”可知，孩子兴致盎然的模样让作者倍感意外吃惊，深受触动，故knocked me for six表示“使我惊讶”。 58．主旨大意题。根据原文第四段“I dragged the kids to the mineral museum, feeling afraid that the mineral museum would bore the kids, but they lit up comparing colorful ore (矿石) samples to their Minecraft blocks.(我带着孩子们来到矿物博物馆，心里担心他们会觉得无趣，可孩子们兴致勃勃，把各色矿石样本比作游戏里的方块)”可知，本段讲述孩子们在矿物博物馆收获了意外的快乐。 59．细节理解题。根据原文最后一段“As I watched them share a chocolate egg, I realized I’d been trying to teach them about the outback’s vastness, but they’d taught me something better: a painted egg in a plain room can feel more like a gift than any grand view.(当我看着他们一起分享那颗巧克力蛋时，我意识到自己一直试图向他们传授有关内陆地区广袤无垠的地理知识，但其实他们教会了我更重要的东西：在一个普通的房间里装饰着彩绘图案的鸡蛋，会比任何宏伟的景色都更能让人感受到它是份珍贵的礼物)”可知，作者明白美好往往蕴藏在细微小事之中。 60．开放性题目。答案不唯一，言之有理即可。问：你对旅行有怎样的期许？请说明理由。根据原文最后一段“but they’d taught me something better: a painted egg in a plain room can feel more like a gift than any grand view.(但其实他们教会了我更重要的东西：在一个普通的房间里装饰着彩绘图案的鸡蛋，会比任何宏伟的景色都更能让人感受到它是份珍贵的礼物)”并结合作者带孩子前往澳大利亚内陆自驾旅行的经历，可回答：我希望跳出日常琐事，以全新方式享受生活，归来后内心沉静、胸襟开阔。/我期盼放松身心、探访新地，留存美好回忆。/我渴望见识未知事物，感受鲜活体验，改观对日常的认知。 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61．假如你是晨光中学的学生李津，学校英语论坛正在开展“Effective Ways to Improve Ourselves”的讨论活动，邀请同学们分享自我提升的方法。请你根据以下提示撰写一篇论坛帖子。 (1) 介绍你坚持最久的一项自我提升计划 (如时间管理、英语阅读等)； (2) 说明实施该计划的具体做法； (3) 分享你的收获与感悟。 注意： (1) 词数不少于100； (2) 可适当增加细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Hi everyone! I’m Li Jin from Chenguang Middle School. One self-improvement plan I’ve stuck to for the longest time is English reading, which I believe is a great way to broaden my horizons. Every day after school, I spend 30 minutes reading English articles, ranging from news to stories. I also keep a vocabulary notebook where I put down new words and review them regularly. What’s more, I join an online English reading group where we discuss what we’ve read. This plan has brought me many benefits. I’ve not only improved my reading comprehension but also enriched my vocabulary. What I’ve learned is that persistence is key to self-improvement. As long as we keep going, we’ll surely make progress. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生在英语论坛分享一项坚持最久的自我提升计划，阐述具体做法并分享收获感悟。 【详解】1.词汇积累 坚持：stick to → persist in 扩大：broaden → widen 定期地：regularly → periodically 好处：benefit → advantage 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Every day after school, I spend 30 minutes reading English articles, ranging from news to stories. 拓展句：Every day after school, I spend 30 minutes reading English articles, which range from news to stories. 【点睛】【高分句型1】One self-improvement plan I’ve stuck to for the longest time is English reading, which I believe is a great way to broaden my horizons.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】What’s more, I join an online English reading group where we discuss what we’ve read.（运用了where引导的限制性定语从句、what引导的主语从句） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 绝密★考试结束前 2027年高考第一次模拟考试（天津卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：130分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．— I’ve got to line up at the restaurant for a meal. — ________You can order food at Meituan. com on your phone. A．Why bother B．How come C．Why not D．About what 2．My teacher of English is really very kind. I’ll never forget the ________ he has done me. A．deed B．help C．favour D．value 3．It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China’s leading scholars and scientists ________ in Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao. A．liberated B．emerged C．recalled D．regulated 4．Catherine is the only one of the students who ________ a winner of a scholarship for two years. A．are B．has been C．have been D．is 5．______ , I think this is a touching book that everyone should read, whatever their age. A．Literally B．Instantly C．Personally D．Intimately 6．The reason why J. K. Rowling’s writing career has ________ is that the Harry Potter series have won lots of awards and become very popular around the world. A．set off B．given off C．shown off D．taken off 7．________ our choices, we should cherish and embrace those bittersweet moments in life. A．Whichever B．However C．Whatever D．Whether 8．After cutting myself off from the outside world preparing for the exam, I couldn’t wait to catch up on news to keep myself ________. A．updating B．updated C．to be updated D．being updated 9．As many of us already know, having plans ________ for the future is no guarantee that they will become reality. A．in place B．in advance C．in vain D．in shape 10．The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we ________ continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem. A．must B．could C．should D．shall 11．The intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe ________ to the island to give it a happy ending. A．that B．one C．it D．what 12．Despite some difficulties, there are special moments ______ make it worthwhile for moms to take care of children at home. A．when B．where C．which D．what 13．When I succeeded in becoming an employee of IBM China, many friends asked me __________ I survived the interview. A．how B．that C．when D．why 14．—What matters for the cooperation between companies? —________differences in a sincere way. A．Approached B．Having approached C．To be approached D．Approaching 15．— At last you have come! — ________. A．I’m glad to meet you B．I hope you don’t mind C．Sorry to have kept you waiting D．Let’s go together 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Poorna Malavath and Kavya Manyapu are two women who have made exploring the world's most difficult mountains their passion. They have now channeled their spirit of 16 into Project Shakthi. The purpose of Project Shakthi is to change mindsets about what women can 17 and to promote stories that can serve as 18 . Malavath and Manyapu are determined not only to 19 money for education but also to empower (赋权) girls by exposing them to opportunities that would otherwise remain 20 . Their 21 began in August when they climbed a 6,012m peak in Ladakh, India, which had never been mapped by humans before. The mountain presented challenges for even a fully 22 mountaineer like Malavath, with no trails to 23 . Rainy weather conditions that turned to snow at high altitudes added to the 24 of climbing the peak. At their darkest moments, they found 25 in Shakthi’s aim: “We climb so that girls can 26 .” Malavath and Manyapu believe that while women are now seen in various fields, there is still a wide gap to 27 . Enrollment rates (入学率) are almost 28 between genders across the world; 29 , only 36% of girls complete lower secondary school compared to 44% of boys in low-income countries. To 30 this global issue, Project Shakthi has set its sights on 31 the beneficial groups. Manyapu and Malavath plan to climb Mount Aconcagua as part of their next phase. They invite people interested in climbing to 32 them. The project has already begun selecting girls in India. 33 , the project aims to sponsor girls across the globe. Malavath and Manyapu continue their 34 so that girls can have an education. The two inspiring women are making a difference in the world and 35 others to do the same. 16．A．freedom B．competition C．tolerance D．adventure 17．A．encounter B．participate C．accomplish D．involve 18．A．lessons B．models C．warnings D．presents 19．A．save B．donate C．raise D．lend 20．A．inaccessible B．favorable C．avoidable D．unlimited 21．A．separation B．performance C．journey D．interview 22．A．selfless B．experienced C．thoughtful D．respectable 23．A．follow B．escape C．design D．miss 24．A．popularity B．curiosity C．enjoyment D．complexity 25．A．motivation B．opportunity C．excuse D．understanding 26．A．travel B．benefit C．survive D．volunteer 27．A．bridge B．create C．identify D．enlarge 28．A．steady B．normal C．obvious D．equal 29．A．otherwise B．however C．therefore D．moreover 30．A．ensure B．conserve C．tackle D．investigate 31．A．broadening B．discovering C．transforming D．securing 32．A．impress B．join C．judge D．challenge 33．A．Secretly B．Eventually C．Temporarily D．Luckily 34．A．experiment B．search C．mission D．preparation 35．A．forbidding B．permitting C．instructing D．stimulating 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The Corning Museum of Glass (CMoG) offers Artist-in-Residence programs every year. Today, The Studio announced the coming guests: several artists who will spend some time at The Studio, researching and experimenting with new techniques to further their work. And each resident will give a public lecture during their time at the museum. Crawford Alexander Mann Ⅲ May 13~20; Public lecture on May 16 Mann, during his residency, will conduct research to show how Venetian’s 19th Century Glass Revival contributed to the achievements in painting and printmaking by authoritative American artists. Freyja Hartzell July 29~ August 9; Public lecture on August 8 Dr. Freyja Hartzell, associate professor at Bard Graduate Center in New York, likes to study how we interact with objects. During her residency, she will focus on how glass as a material is transparent (透明的) but has not always delivered lectures on political and social transparency. Matthew Curtis and Machiko Ito September 28~October 26; Public lecture on October 24 Curtis and Ito are both glassmakers. In their residency, Curtis will realize a glass structure of considerable scale by focusing on the development and improvement of a large-scale glass membrane (膜),while Ito will increase the scale of her pieces and improve the details of her knitting structure. Aya Oki, Brandyn Callahan, and Phirak Suon November 1~30; Public lecture on November 21 Aya Oki’s work often looks organic and balloon-like because of her process of highlighting the materiality of glass. Designer Suon and glassblower Callahan will explore how digital manufacturing and 3-D printing can influence how we produce and think about glass as a material. 36．What will the artists do at CMoG? A．Set up a studio. B．Listen to lectures. C．Share their work experience. D．Do some research and experiment. 37．Who will stay at CMoG for the shortest time? A．Dr. Freyja Hartzell. B．Crawford Alexander Mann Ⅲ. C．Matthew Curtis and Machiko Ito. D．Aya Oki, Brandyn Callahan, and Phirak Suon. 38．What is Dr. Freyja Hartzell interested in? A．The way people interact with objects. B．The method of making glass. C．The influence of the Glass Revival. D．The way to improve social transparency. 39．What can we know about Curtis and Ito’s research? A．It’s about glass structure. B．It has made great progress. C．It lacks financial support. D．It’s based on high-tech materials. 40．When can you go to CMoG if you are curious about the materiality of glass? A．On May 16. B．On August 8. C．On October 24. D．On November 21. B Martin was returning to work in his London office after spending two weeks with his brother in New York. He was coming back with a heavy heart. It was not just that it was the end of a wonderful holiday; it was not just that he invariably suffered badly from jet lag(时差); it was that Monday morning always began with a team meeting and, over the months, he had grown to hate them. Martin was aware that colleagues approached these meetings with hidden agenda(会议议程); they indulged in (沉溺于) game playing; and he knew that people were not being honest and open. The meetings themselves were bad enough - there was all the moaning afterwards at the meeting like“I could have improved on that idea, but I wasn’t going to say.” As this morning’s meeting began, Martin prepared himself for the usual dullness and boredom. But, as the meeting progressed, he became aware of a strange background noise. At first, he thought that he was still hearing the engine noise from the aircraft that had brought him back to London. But as he concentrated on the noise, it became a little clearer. He realized, to his amazement, that he could actually hear what they were thinking at the same time as they were speaking. What surprised him, even more than the acquisition of this strange power, was that he discovered that what people were saying was not really what they were thinking. They were not making clear their reservations. They were not supporting views which they thought might be popular. They were not contributing their new insights. They were not volunteering their new ideas. Martin found it impossible not to respond to his new knowledge. So he started to make gentle interventions, based more on what he could hear his colleagues thinking than on what he could hear them saying. “So, John, are you really saying…” “Susan, do you really think that?” “Tom, have you got an idea on how we could take this forward?” They looked at him, puzzled.In truth, he felt rather proud of his newly-acquired talent. As the meeting progressed, it was clear to him that each member of the meeting was learning how to hear the thoughts of the others. The game playing started to fall away; people started to speak more directly; views became better understood; the atmosphere became more open and trusting. The meeting ended. As people left the room, Martin found that he could still hear what they were thinking. “That was the best meeting we’ve ever had.”“All meetings should be like that.”“In future, I’m going to say what I think.” 41．It is known from the first paragraph that Martin . A．just came back from his business trip in New York B．was found to suffer from a serious heart disease during the trip C．had a good time during his fortnight’s stay in New York D．didn’t like his work in his London office 42．Why did Martin hate his company’s team meeting? A．Because it had to be held every Monday morning. B．Because he was tired of hosting such a meeting C．Because he couldn’t control the meeting that was out of order. D．Because the meeting atmosphere wasn’t open and trusting. 43．The underlined part“his newly-acquired talent” in Paragraph 5 means that he could A．still hear the engine noise of the plane though he was back B．clearly predict what the members of the meeting would say C．actually control the thoughts of the members of the meeting D．encourage the members to express their thoughts in words 44．What do we know about this Monday morning’s meeting from the passage? A．Martin made people say what they were thinking immediately the meeting began. B．Martin was angry at the dullness of the meeting at the beginning of the meeting. C．Martin led people to express their real thoughts with the meeting progressing. D．Many members of the meeting played games and told lies at the meeting all the time. 45．It is inferred from the last two paragraphs that towards the end of the meeting Martin would hear such words as“ ”. A．I was thinking of making a suggestion-but I couldn’t be bothered B．I have got an idea on how we could take this forward. I think we should... C．The usual people say the usual things, so I have no other new ideas D．I could have imagined on that idea, but I wasn’t willing to say that C Many think that language is what sets humans apart from other animals, and that for us to think, language is a decisive factor. British philosopher Bertrand Russell even claimed in 1948 that no intelligent thinking can take place without language. However, a recent study in Nature suggests otherwise. It found that language and thought are two distinct entities, working in separate parts of the brain. They are, in short, “far more independent than we imagined”, wrote ZME Science. The study, conducted by scientists from the US, explored the language-thought relationship through two research approaches. First, they studied patients suffering from global aphasia, who had lost much of their ability to understand or speak due to damage to the left hemisphere of their brain. However, they can still complete complex tasks. “You can ask people with global aphasia to solve math problems or perform social reasoning tests, and as long as the instructions are non-verbal, they can succeed,” Evelina Fedorenko, one of the study’s authors from the US Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told ZME Science. The researchers also used brain-imaging tools to study the brains of healthy volunteers as they performed non-verbal tasks, like solving puzzles and planning. It was found that the brain’s language regions were mostly inactive during such activities. In other words, we generally need language to express our thoughts but we can still think without words. So, if language isn’t necessary for thinking, then why did humans develop it? Fedorenko said language serves mainly as a tool for communication. “Most of the things that you probably learned about the world, you learned through language and not through direct experience with the world,” she said. By being able to share complex information through language, humans gained an evolutionary advantage. Although language does not give rise to thoughts, past research shows that how we speak can heavily influence how we think. For example, the English sentence “he fired the gun” is usually phrased as “the gun went off” in Japanese. As a result, English speakers are more likely to focus on the person responsible for an accident than Japanese speakers, according to Psychology Today. 46．What does the recent study show about language and thought? A．Language and thought work separately. B．Language is the basis of intelligent thought. C．Language and thought depend on each other. D．Language determines the complexity of thought. 47．What is the main purpose of the study mentioned in the passage? A．To prove that language is essential for intelligent thinking. B．To examine the relationship between language and thought. C．To develop new treatments for patients with global aphasia. D．To identify the brain regions responsible for non-verbal reasoning. 48．What did brain-imaging tools reveal about healthy volunteers performing non-verbal task? A．They struggled with problem-solving. B．Their language centers became overactive. C．Their language regions showed little activity. D．They would unconsciously use verbal strategies. 49．How can language serve humans, according to Fedorenko? A．It helps humans generate thoughts. B．It decides humans’ evolutionary direction. C．It replaces direct experience with the world. D．It facilitates the exchange of complicated ideas. 50．What is the main idea of the text? A．Thought can operate independently from language. B．Language plays a decisive role in shaping human thought. C．Language and thought are deeply interdependent in the brain. D．The absence of language makes complex thought impossible. D Meritocracy (优绩主义) has become a leading social ideal. Politicians continually return to the theme that the rewards of life — money, jobs, university admission — should be distributed according to skill and effort. Morally and theoretically, meritocracy is seen as the opposite of inherited aristocracy (贵族), where one’s social status depends on birth luck. Although widely held, the belief that merit rather than luck determines success or failure in the world is demonstrably false. This is not least because merit itself is, in large part, the result of luck. Talent and the capacity for determined effort depend a great deal on one’s genetic gifts and upbringing. This is to say nothing of other fortuitous (偶然发生的) circumstances that figure into every success story. In his book Success and Luck, Robert Frank recounts the coincidences behind the rise of many successful entrepreneurs. Luck intervenes by offering people merit, and again by furnishing circumstances where merit can translate into success. This is not to deny the industry and talent of successful people. However, it does demonstrate that the link between merit and outcome is weak and indirect at best. In addition to being false, research suggests that believing in meritocracy makes people more selfish, less self-critical and more likely to act in biased ways. The “ultimatum game” is a common psychological experiment, where one player is given a sum of money and told to propose a division between him and another player, who may accept or reject the offer. If the offer is rejected, neither gets anything. Usually, a relatively even split is offered. In one variation, participants played a fake game of skill before making offers. Players who were led to believe they had “won” claimed more for themselves than those who engaged in games of chance. Similar studies suggest that just having the idea of skill in mind makes people more tolerant of unequal outcomes. By contrast, research on gratitude indicates that remembering the role of luck increases generosity. Simply asking subjects to recall external contributors to their successes made them more likely to give to charity than those remembering internal factors. Part of meritocracy’s moral appeal is its power to justify the existing social order. On top of that, it also offers flattery. Where success is determined by merit, each win can be viewed as a reflection of personal worth and worldly failures become signs of personal weaknesses. Meritocracy ought to be abandoned both as a belief about how the world works and as a general social ideal. It’s false, and believing in it encourages selfishness, discrimination and indifference to the struggles of the unfortunate. 51．What’s the function of the first paragraph? A．To clarify the fundamental reasons why meritocracy affects social position. B．To contrast two widely accepted standards of distributing the rewards of life. C．To explain the two social systems and highlight meritocracy. D．To present the mainstream definition of meritocracy by making a comparison. 52．According to the second paragraph, the author thinks the widely held belief is false because ______. A．Personal merit largely comes from random fortune itself. B．Just like talent, merit has nothing to do with one’s family nurture. C．Merit rests on talent and perseverance, both rooted in natural advantages. D．Unlike random luck, personal merit is shaped by diligence and family background. 53．What can we learn from the first three paragraphs? A．Politicians argue life rewards are set at birth. B．Talent and determination owe nothing to luck. C．Industry enhances merit and directs to success. D．Merit is largely decided by circumstantial factors. 54．What does the author imply by citing the “ultimatum game” experiment? A．The results confirm meritocracy’s moral appeal. B．Belief in merit may encourage selfishness and bias. C．Ideas of skill can increase our willingness to donate. D．Games of chance ensure even distribution of resources. 55．What is the purpose of this passage? A．To criticise the mindset of chasing success. B．To challenge a commonly held social belief. C．To compare different social reward systems. D．To evaluate the pros and cons of meritocracy. 第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。 I packed my family into our old car and set off on a 3,000 km trip from Sydney to the outback, hoping to create lasting memories for my city-raised kids. The plan seemed ambitious — covering such distances with two young kids might sound crazy, but I held tight to my own childhood outback memories: endless roads, starlit skies, and tales of mysterious creatures. For most of the journey, we felt annoyed: arguments over the window seat, complaints about sore legs and constant “how much longer?” questions. At a bird-hide near Forbes, we watched a swamp with bright green water and dead trees. Eager to share Australian folk stories, I confidently told the kids that a mysterious creature lived there, but stumbled (支支吾吾) when they asked if it ate kids. Their enthusiasm for the smallest joy knocked me for six — I hadn’t expected them to find wonder in such simple things. They whispered in awe as a white egret (白鹭) glided across the water, and laughed when a frog leaped onto the wooden railing. That night, they pressed their faces to the motel window, just to watch the night trains roll past. In their eyes, everything was new and I was carried by their joy. Three days later, we arrived in Broken Hill. I dragged the kids to the mineral museum, feeling afraid that the mineral museum would bore the kids, but they lit up comparing colorful ore (矿石) samples to their Minecraft blocks. They ran their fingers over jagged crystals and begged for tiny mineral keychains. I bought them each one. The trip wasn’t perfect: hard mattresses, lukewarm showers, and a flat tire that delayed us an hour. But on Easter morning, I hid hand-painted eggs around our cheap room. The kids scrambled under the bed, dug through the dresser, and even checked the ice bucket — letting out joyful cries when they found each one. As I watched them share a chocolate egg, I realized I’d been trying to teach them about the outback’s vastness, but they’d taught me something better: a painted egg in a plain room can feel more like a gift than any grand view. 56．Why did the author organize a trip to the outback? (no more than 10 words) 57．What does the underlined phrase in Para.3 probably mean? (no more than 3 words) 58．What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us? (no more than 10 words) 59．What does the author learn from the children in the last paragraph? (no more than 15 words) 60．What do you expect from travel? Please explain. (no more than 20 words) 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61．假如你是晨光中学的学生李津，学校英语论坛正在开展“Effective Ways to Improve Ourselves”的讨论活动，邀请同学们分享自我提升的方法。请你根据以下提示撰写一篇论坛帖子。 (1) 介绍你坚持最久的一项自我提升计划 (如时间管理、英语阅读等)； (2) 说明实施该计划的具体做法； (3) 分享你的收获与感悟。 注意： (1) 词数不少于100； (2) 可适当增加细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $