05-外刊拓展阅读练习卷 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦外刊语料的阅读理解专项训练，通过典例解析系统提炼主旨、细节、词义猜测等题型方法，构建“题型-策略-逻辑”递进知识链，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（A-D篇）|15题，涵盖科技（中国空间站）、环境（肯尼亚抗旱）、社会（AI能耗）、健康（手机与认知）|主旨题：全文核心事件定位法；细节题：原文关键数据比对法；词义题：上下文语境猜词法；写作目的题：作者观点意图分析法|从基础信息获取（细节题）到深层逻辑理解（主旨/写作目的题），形成“信息定位-语义解码-逻辑整合”递进链| |七选五（E篇）|5题，青少年睡眠不足主题|段落衔接：主题句-细节句匹配法；过渡句：上下文逻辑关联法|基于“现象-原因-影响-措施”说明文结构，训练语篇连贯思维|

外刊拓展阅读理解 （建议用时：45 min） 一、阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A ——China Daily, August 12, 2026（改编） China has successfully completed the construction of its national space station, marking a new milestone in the country‘s space exploration program. The final module, Mengtian, was successfully launched and docked with the existing Tianhe core module and Wentian laboratory module, completing the T-shaped basic structure of the station. The space station, named Tiangong, is designed to operate for 10 to 15 years and can accommodate three astronauts during regular missions and up to six during crew rotations. It features advanced life-support systems and research facilities for experiments in biology, physics, materials science, and astronomy. “The completion of the space station represents a significant achievement for China’s space program,” said a spokesperson from the China Manned Space Agency. “It provides a long-term platform for scientific research and international cooperation in space.” China has already begun accepting international experiments for the station. Nine projects from 17 countries, including Switzerland, Russia, Germany, and Japan, have been selected to be conducted aboard Tiangong. The projects cover a range of fields including space medicine, astronomy, and earth observation. The space station program has also helped develop advanced technologies, including reusable rocket components, high-precision docking systems, and long-duration life-support systems. These technologies will benefit future lunar exploration missions and deep space probes. The construction phase involved 11 launches over two years, with a 100% success rate. The station, weighing over 90 tons, orbits Earth at an altitude of approximately 340 to 450 kilometers. 1.What is the main subject of the passage? A. The history of China‘s space program. B. The completion of China’s space station Tiangong. C. The international cooperation in space exploration. D. The future of China‘s lunar exploration program. 2.How many astronauts can Tiangong accommodate during regular missions? A. Two. B. Three. C. Six. D. Nine. 3.According to the passage, what benefit has the space station program brought to China? A. It has made China the only country with a space station. B. It has developed advanced technologies for future space missions. C. It has replaced all other international space stations. D. It has reduced the cost of space exploration by 50%. B ——NPR, July 23, 2025（改编） A small community in rural Kenya has become the site of an innovative experiment in climate adaptation. The village of Nkoroi, which has been suffering from increasingly severe droughts, is testing a new approach to water management that combines traditional knowledge with modern technology. The project, run by the Kenya Water Institute and supported by Stanford researchers, involves the installation of solar-powered water pumps and the construction of small-scale water storage facilities. The pumps draw water from underground aquifers, which are then stored in tanks and distributed to households and farms through a community-managed system. A mobile app allows residents to monitor water levels and request maintenance. What makes the project distinctive is its integration with traditional practices. The village’s elders have mapped the area‘s seasonal water sources using oral histories and have identified areas where traditional rainwater harvesting techniques could be enhanced. The combination of indigenous knowledge and modern technology has proven remarkably effective. “Our ancestors knew where to find water during dry seasons,” said James Mwangi, a village elder who helped design the project. “We are not replacing that knowledge. We are building on it with new tools.” The project has reduced water shortages by 40 percent during the dry season and has increased agricultural yields by 25 percent. The success has attracted attention from neighboring communities and government officials. Plans are underway to expand the model to five other villages in the region. 4.What distinguishes the Nkoroi water project from other water projects? A. It relies entirely on solar-powered technology. B. It combines traditional knowledge with modern technology. C. It receives funding from the Kenyan government. D. It only serves households, not farms. 5.According to the passage, what role did the village elders play in the project? A. They installed the solar-powered water pumps. B. They mapped water sources using oral histories and identified traditional techniques. C. They provided most of the funding for the project. D. They opposed the use of modern technology. 6.The underlined word “aquifers” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. underground layers of rock that hold water B. artificial reservoirs built above ground C. small streams that flow during rainy seasons D. large lakes that store rainwater 7.What is the best title for this passage? A. The Future of Solar Energy in Kenya B. Combining Tradition and Technology to Fight Drought C. The Failure of Modern Water Systems in Rural Africa D. How to Build a Community Water Pump C ——Knowable Magazine, July 20, 2026（改编） Inside the world‘s newest data centers, energy-guzzling computations proceed round the clock as AI chatbots and other generative AI tools tackle tasks from the frivolous to the weighty: assembling imagery for social media, analyzing medical images to diagnose cancer, creating code for developers, or detecting financial scams for banks. Just as the popularity of AI tools has skyrocketed in recent years, so have the associated environmental costs. Data centers now consume 414 terawatt-hours per year, or about 1.5 percent of global electricity use, according to the International Energy Agency — an amount that grew by 17 percent in 2025. By 2030, the agency projects that demand for electricity by data centers will more than double. The reason AI models consume so much energy lies partly in the processors that power them, such as the graphic processing units (GPUs) that consume significantly more energy than the central processing units (CPUs) that fuel simpler tasks like web searches and email. It also has to do with the large language models (LLMs) that power AI chatbots, which perform billions of calculations for each new word they generate. Experts have offered several strategies for users to reduce energy consumption when using AI. For simple tasks like checking the weather, users should consider whether they truly need AI at all. For specific tasks like translating or summarizing, smaller language models can consume between 15 and 50 times less energy than the massive, all-purpose LLMs while producing comparable or higher-quality outputs. Users can also instruct chatbots to “be brief” or set word limits — reducing output length by 50 percent can cut energy consumption by the same amount. For image generation, starting in low resolution and only increasing it when necessary, as well as editing existing images rather than generating new ones from scratch, can save significant energy. 8.What is the main concern raised about the popularity of AI tools? A. They are replacing human jobs at an alarming rate. B. They consume large amounts of energy and have environmental costs. C. They are not reliable for complex tasks. D. They are too expensive for most users. 9.According to the passage, why do LLMs consume so much energy? A. They require constant human supervision. B. They perform billions of calculations for each generated word. C. They use outdated computer processors. D. They store massive amounts of unnecessary data. 10.The underlined phrase “frivolous” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. important and serious B. not serious or practical C. complicated and technical D. urgent and critical 11.What is the author‘s purpose in writing this passage? A. To warn readers about the dangers of AI technology. B. To suggest that users should stop using AI tools completely. C. To inform readers about AI’s energy consumption and offer practical solutions. D. To promote the use of smaller AI language models. D ——Stanford Report, March 15, 2025（改编） A new study from Stanford University has found that the constant presence of smartphones reduces people‘s cognitive capacity, even when the devices are turned off. The research suggests that the mere presence of a smartphone—even when not in use—occupies part of the brain’s limited attentional resources. In one experiment, participants were asked to complete a series of cognitive tests while their smartphones were either on the desk, in a pocket or bag, or in another room. Those who left their phones in another room performed significantly better than those who kept them nearby. The researchers found that the effect was strongest for individuals who were most dependent on their phones. However, even those who reported relatively low smartphone use showed some cognitive decline when their phones were present. The study has implications for workplace productivity and education. Dr. Adrian Ward, lead author of the study, said: “We tend to think that we are in control of our attention, but our research suggests that the phone is constantly pulling at our attention, making it harder to focus on complex tasks.” The authors suggest that to improve focus, people should keep their phones out of sight when working on important tasks. This simple measure could significantly improve cognitive performance. 12.What did the study find about the presence of smartphones? A. It improves cognitive capacity. B. It has no effect on attention. C. It reduces cognitive capacity even when phones are turned off. D. It only affects people who are addicted to their phones. 13.In the experiment, which group performed best on cognitive tests? A. Those who kept their phones on the desk. B. Those who kept their phones in their pockets. C. Those who left their phones in another room. D. Those who kept their phones turned on. 14.The underlined phrase “attentional resources” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. mental energy available for focusing on tasks B. physical strength to carry objects C. memory capacity for storing information D. time available for completing work 15.What is the author‘s purpose in writing this passage? A. To argue that smartphones should be banned. B. To inform readers about the cognitive cost of smartphone presence. C. To promote a specific brand of smartphone. D. To discuss the benefits of smartphone use. 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 E ——NPR, August 2026（改编） Teens aren’t getting enough sleep. A two-decade study suggests it‘s getting worse. Scientists found that the number of high schoolers getting insufficient sleep—less than seven hours a night—has increased from 69% to 77%. (16) ______ The researchers studied the sleep habits of high school students from 2007 to 2023. The findings were published in the medical journal JAMA. (17) ______ Bad sleep habits were true across most demographics, including race, gender, and grade level. Some teens are getting less than five hours of sleep a night. (18) ______ Pediatricians have seen the effects of insufficient sleep firsthand in their practice. (19) ______ The researchers suggest broad interventions that could potentially reach most kids. They point out that later school start times are linked to longer sleep and improved mental health. (20) ______ 选项（A-G）： A. The researchers tried to get at why this is happening. B. Teens who reported depression or suicidal thoughts tended to sleep less. C. Later school start times might help students across the board get better sleep. D. This is happening across all demographic groups. E. Children are naturally poor sleepers at all ages. F. If teens don‘t get enough sleep, they are more depressed and do worse at school. G. Sleep is not important for teenagers’ health. 二、参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国空间站“天宫”的全面建成——梦天实验舱成功发射并与天和核心舱、问天实验舱对接，标志着中国载人航天工程的重大里程碑。 1. 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的主要主题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文围绕中国空间站“天宫”的建成展开。A项“中国航天史”过于宽泛；C项“国际合作”只是部分内容；D项“未来登月计划”未提及。故正确答案为B。 2. 答案：B 题干句意： 天宫空间站在常规任务中可以容纳多少名宇航员？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“can accommodate three astronauts during regular missions”直接说明常规任务可容纳三名宇航员。C项“六名”是人员轮换期间的最大容量；A、D项数据与原文不符。故正确答案为B。 3. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，空间站计划为中国带来了什么好处？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第五段，“The space station program has also helped develop advanced technologies, including reusable rocket components, high-precision docking systems, and long-duration life-support systems”直接说明空间站计划推动了先进技术的发展。A项“唯一拥有空间站的国家”过于绝对；C项“取代所有国际空间站”未提及；D项“降低成本50%”未提及。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 B篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇记叙文/说明文，介绍了肯尼亚Nkoroi村结合传统知识和现代技术应对干旱的水资源管理项目，该项目使旱季水资源短缺减少40%，农业产量提高25%。 4. 答案：B 题干句意： Nkoroi水项目区别于其他水项目的特点是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“What makes the project distinctive is its integration with traditional practices”直接说明其独特之处在于与传统实践的结合。A项“完全依赖太阳能技术”忽略传统；C项“获得政府资助”未提及；D项“仅服务家庭”与“households and farms”矛盾。故正确答案为B。 5. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，村中长辈在项目中扮演了什么角色？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“The village‘s elders have mapped the area’s seasonal water sources using oral histories and have identified areas where traditional rainwater harvesting techniques could be enhanced”直接说明长辈利用口述历史绘制水源地图并识别传统技术。A项“安装水泵”、C项“提供资金”、D项“反对现代技术”均与文意不符。故正确答案为B。 6. 答案：A 题干句意： 第二段中画线单词“aquifers”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“aquifers”意为“含水层”——地下可储水的岩层。文中“draw water from underground aquifers”指从地下含水层抽水。B项“地上人工水库”、C项“雨季小河流”、D项“储水大湖”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 7. 答案：B 题干句意： 这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？ 解析： 本题考查主旨大意。全文介绍Nkoroi村结合传统知识和现代技术应对干旱的成功案例。A项“肯尼亚太阳能的未来”过于狭窄；C项“非洲现代水系统失败”与文意相反；D项“如何建造社区水泵”过于具体。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 C篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了AI工具日益增长的能源消耗及其环境成本，并提供了用户减少AI使用能耗的实用建议。 8. 答案：B 题干句意： 关于AI工具普及的主要担忧是什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“Just as the popularity of AI tools has skyrocketed in recent years, so have the associated environmental costs”以及随后给出的能耗数据，说明主要担忧是AI消耗大量能源并产生环境成本。A项“取代人类工作”未提及；C项“复杂任务不可靠”未提及；D项“对多数用户太贵”未提及。故正确答案为B。 9. 答案：B 题干句意： 根据文章，为什么大语言模型消耗大量能源？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第三段，“It also has to do with the large language models (LLMs) that power AI chatbots, which perform billions of calculations for each new word they generate”直接说明LLM因每次生成新词需要进行数十亿次计算而消耗大量能源。A项“需要持续人工监督”未提及；C项“使用过时处理器”与“GPUs consume more energy”矛盾；D项“存储大量不必要数据”未提及。故正确答案为B。 10. 答案：B 题干句意： 第一段中画线单词“frivolous”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“frivolous”意为“轻浮的、不严肃的”。文中列举AI工具处理的任务从“frivolous”到“weighty”（重大的），包括为社交媒体制作图像（相对不严肃）到诊断癌症（严肃重要）。A项“重要且严肃的”、C项“复杂且技术性的”、D项“紧急且关键的”均不符合。故正确答案为B。 11. 答案：C 题干句意： 作者写这篇文章的目的是什么？ 解析： 本题考查写作目的。全文首先指出AI能源消耗问题，然后提供多种减少能耗的实用建议（使用小型模型、简洁回答、低分辨率等），目的是告知读者并给出解决方案。A项“警告AI危险”过于宽泛；B项“完全停止使用”与“一些建议”矛盾；D项“推广小型模型”只是建议之一。故正确答案为C。 阅读理解 D篇 文章大意： 本文是一篇议论文/说明文，介绍了斯坦福大学的研究——即使手机处于关机或屏幕朝下的状态，其存在本身也会降低人的认知能力，因为大脑需要消耗资源抑制查看手机的冲动。 12. 答案：C 题干句意： 根据研究，当手机存在但未使用时会发生什么？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第一段，“the mere presence of a smartphone — even when turned off and face down — reduces a person‘s cognitive capacity”以及“the brain automatically devotes attention to suppressing the desire to check the phone”直接说明手机存在会因大脑抑制查看欲望而降低认知能力。A项“提高认知能力”与“reduces”相反；B项“无影响”与“reduces”相反；D项“提高专注”与“draining mental resources”相反。故正确答案为C。 13. 答案：C 题干句意： 在实验中，哪一组在认知测试中表现最好？ 解析： 本题考查细节理解。根据第二段，“Those who left their phones in another room performed significantly better on the tests than those who kept their phones nearby”直接说明将手机放在另一个房间的人表现最好。A项“放在桌上”、B项“放在口袋”、D项“保持开机”均表现较差。故正确答案为C。 14. 答案：A 题干句意： 第五段中画线短语“attentional resources”的含义最接近______。 解析： 本题考查词义猜测。“attentional resources”意为“注意力资源”，指可用于集中注意力的心理能量。文中“occupies part of the brain‘s limited attentional resources”指占据大脑有限的注意力资源。B项“体力”、C项“记忆容量”、D项“可用时间”均不符合。故正确答案为A。 15. 答案：B 题干句意： 作者写这篇文章的目的是什么？ 解析： 本题考查写作目的。全文介绍手机存在对认知能力的隐性消耗，旨在告知读者这一发现。A项“主张禁用”过于极端；C项“推广某品牌”未提及；D项“讨论好处”与主题相反。故正确答案为B。 阅读理解 E篇（七选五） 文章大意： 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了青少年睡眠不足日益严重的问题——从2007年到2023年，高中生睡眠不足（少于7小时）的比例从69%增加到77%，并讨论了其影响和可能的干预措施。 16. 答案：D 题干句意： 科学家发现，睡眠不足的高中生比例从69%增加到77%。（16）______ 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句给出统计数据，D项“This is happening across all demographic groups.”概括了该段后文“across most demographics”的内容，作为段落主题句最合适。故正确答案为D。 17. 答案：A 题干句意： 研究人员研究了2007年至2023年高中生的睡眠习惯。研究结果发表在医学期刊《JAMA》上。（17）______ 解析： 本题考查段落衔接。前句介绍研究，后文具体说明发现，A项“The researchers tried to get at why this is happening.”是该段的过渡句，引出后文对原因的探讨。故正确答案为A。 18. 答案：B 题干句意： 一些青少年每晚睡眠不足五小时。（18）______ 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句描述睡眠不足的普遍性，B项“Teens who reported depression or suicidal thoughts tended to sleep less.”提供了更具体的发现，与后文儿科医生的讨论衔接。故正确答案为B。 19. 答案：F 题干句意： 儿科医生在实践中亲眼见过睡眠不足的影响。（19）______ 解析： 本题考查细节衔接。前句提到儿科医生的观察，F项“If teens don‘t get enough sleep, they are more depressed and do worse at school.”具体说明了睡眠不足的影响，与后文“broad interventions”的讨论衔接。故正确答案为F。 20. 答案：C 题干句意： 研究人员指出，较晚的上学时间与更长的睡眠和改善的心理健康有关。（20）______ 解析： 本题考查段落主旨句。前句提出建议——较晚的上学时间，C项“Later school start times might help students across the board get better sleep.”是对该建议的总结。G项“Sleep is not important for teenagers’ health.”与全文基调相反。故正确答案为C。 多余选项： E（Children are naturally poor sleepers at all ages.——文中未提及年龄因素）、G（Sleep is not important for teenagers‘ health.——与全文主旨相反） 三、长难句分析 1. 原句： “The space station, named Tiangong, is designed to operate for 10 to 15 years and can accommodate three astronauts during regular missions and up to six during crew rotations, featuring advanced life-support systems and research facilities for experiments in biology, physics, materials science, and astronomy.” 翻译： 这座名为“天宫”的空间站设计寿命为10至15年，常规任务期间可容纳三名宇航员，乘组轮换期间最多可容纳六名，配备先进的生保系统以及用于生物、物理、材料科学和天文学实验的研究设施。 句子结构分析： 本句为并列复合句，包含过去分词短语作插入语和现在分词短语作状语。 主句：The space station（主语）is designed to operate for 10 to 15 years（谓语1）and can accommodate three astronauts during regular missions and up to six during crew rotations（谓语2） 插入语：named Tiangong（过去分词短语作定语，修饰space station） 现在分词短语作状语：featuring advanced life-support systems and research facilities for experiments in biology, physics, materials science, and astronomy（现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充说明空间站的特征） 2. 原句： “The reason AI models consume so much energy lies partly in the processors that power them, such as the graphic processing units (GPUs) that consume significantly more energy than the central processing units (CPUs) that fuel simpler tasks like web searches and email, and also has to do with the large language models (LLMs) that power AI chatbots, which perform billions of calculations for each new word they generate.” 翻译： AI模型消耗如此多能源的原因部分在于为其提供算力的处理器，例如图形处理单元（GPU）比执行网页搜索和电子邮件等简单任务的中央处理单元（CPU）消耗的能源要多得多，同时也与驱动AI聊天机器人的大型语言模型（LLM）有关，后者每生成一个新词就要进行数十亿次计算。 句子结构分析： 本句为复合句，包含多个定语从句。 主句：The reason（主语）lies partly in the processors（谓语1）and also has to do with the large language models (LLMs)（谓语2） 定语从句1：that power them（修饰processors） 定语从句2：that consume significantly more energy than the central processing units (CPUs)（修饰GPUs） 定语从句3：that fuel simpler tasks like web searches and email（修饰CPUs） 定语从句4：that power AI chatbots（修饰LLMs） 非限制性定语从句：, which perform billions of calculations for each new word they generate（which修饰LLMs） 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