高考英语阅读理解C篇 科普说明文（二）2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦前沿科普主题，通过“题型-解法-逻辑”三维训练，系统提升细节定位、推理分析等阅读能力，强化语言理解与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |细节理解|8题|定位原文关键句，比对选项与原文信息|传统局限→新技术原理→应用数据的说明逻辑| |推理判断|4题|分析隐含信息，排除绝对化表述|技术优势与局限的辩证关系推导| |词义猜测|2题|结合上下文语境及反义/同义关系|专业术语与通俗解释的关联| |主旨大意|2题|梳理篇章结构，抓首尾段核心观点|“问题-方案-评价”的科普文典型框架|

高考英语阅读理解C篇（科普说明文） （2026前沿热点）鲨鱼海洋传感器 （2026前沿热点）AI科研智能体 （2026前沿热点）微生物助力抗逆农作物 （2026前沿热点）可穿戴健康贴片 Passage 1 话题：鲨鱼携带传感器助力海洋气象预测 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 For decades, ocean scientists depended mainly on fixed floating equipment to collect underwater temperature data. However, many ocean areas with rapid water movement were hard for static devices to reach, leaving critical data gaps for climate‑forecast models. Recent research has found an unusual solution: attaching lightweight satellite sensors to sharks. Sharks travel widely across ocean fronts and eddies, regions where ocean temperature changes sharply. The small electronic tags record real‑time depth, water temperature and location information as sharks swim. Then the collected data is sent back to research centers through satellite signals. Compared with traditional observing tools, shark‑borne sensors can enter hard‑to‑reach zones that few man‑made devices can approach. A one‑year‑long global test obtained encouraging results. When shark‑collected data was added to ocean‑forecast systems, surface‑temperature prediction errors dropped by nearly 40 percent. Still, the creative method has its limits. Researchers cannot control sharks’ swimming routes, so data cannot be gained from designated areas on demand. Besides, scientists must carry out strict biological evaluation before fixing tags on sea animals to avoid possible harm to creatures. Rather than completely replace traditional instruments, shark‑carried sensors serve as a valuable supplement. They offer fresh thoughts for ocean observation: wildlife can become mobile helpers for human scientific monitoring, if we respect biological rules in the whole process. 1. What is the shortcoming of traditional fixed ocean‑observing equipment? A. It cannot receive satellite signals under seawater. B. It fails to get data from some dynamically‑changing ocean zones. C. Its production cost is extremely high for global research. D. It may cause direct damage to local marine wildlife. 2. What benefit do shark‑borne sensors bring according to the test? A. They can fully control sharks’ migration paths. B. They help improve the accuracy of ocean temperature forecasts. C. They remove all errors in global climate models. D. They replace floating equipment for ocean research totally. 3. What can we infer about shark‑carried sensors from paragraph 3? A. Researchers can collect data from any target ocean area at will. B. Tagging sharks should balance scientific needs and animal protection. C. Shark tags have already been widely used in worldwide fishery industry. D. Sharks’ health will not be influenced no matter how tags are fixed. 4. What does the underlined word “supplement” in the last paragraph mean? A. substitute B. barrier C. addition D. warning Passage 2 话题：AI智能体辅助现代科学研究 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 In recent years, AI agents, systems capable of finishing multi‑step research tasks with little human guidance, have drawn wide attention in scientific communities. Unlike ordinary chat‑oriented AI tools, these agents can organize experimental schedules, sort large‑volume research data and even analyze experiment outputs, greatly cutting researchers’ repeated manual work. Many laboratories have tried introducing AI agents into daily research workflows. Under proper settings, they can search related papers, mark key arguments and list possible experimental plans. Such functions save plenty of time for scientists, allowing them to devote more energy to creative thinking and theoretical exploration. Nevertheless, researchers have noticed obvious weaknesses of present‑day AI agents. They are likely to produce false data references or accidentally delete valuable experimental records without human reminders. Besides, most powerful AI agents require huge computing resources, which remain unavailable for small research teams with limited budgets. Therefore, experts remind people not to over‑expect the newly‑emerging technology. AI agents are promising research assistants rather than independent scientists. Human researchers still need to check every output carefully. Future development directions include building smaller, cost‑effective agent models, so that more groups can make use of AI power for scientific discovery. 1. What is the advantage of AI agents over common chat‑based AI? A. They can complete multi‑step research tasks with limited human guidance. B. They are totally free from making mistakes in data processing. C. They can carry out real‑world physical experiments by themselves. D. They have already replaced most human scientists in big labs. 2. Which is one major problem of current AI agents? A. They refuse to sort large amounts of research materials. B. They may create wrong references or remove useful data. C. They cannot search and read academic papers at all. D. Their operating costs are quite low for every research team. 3. What can be inferred from the text? A. Small research teams have widely applied high‑power AI agents. B. AI agents can work independently without human examination. C. New‑generation smaller AI agent models are worth developing. D. AI agents can finish creative theoretical thinking on their own. 4. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The disadvantages of all forms of artificial intelligence. B. How AI agents assist scientific research along with existing limits. C. The rapid development history of various chat AI tools. D. Methods to reduce computing resources for computer programs. Passage 3 话题：微生物组技术培育抗气候胁迫农作物 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Climate change including frequent heat waves and droughts has threatened global crop production. Traditional farming methods mainly depend on improved seed varieties and chemical fertilizers to fight environmental stress. Yet scientists are exploring another promising direction: making use of plant‑related microbiomes. Every crop grows together with countless tiny microbes around its roots and leaves. These microorganisms can help plants absorb nutrition, resist dry conditions and reduce harmful agricultural greenhouse gas release. Researchers have put forward a practical framework called Climate‑Indexed Microbiome Engineering. It connects local climate risks such as extreme heat with microbial community design, aiming to improve crops’ resistance against terrible weather. Field tests have gained positive results. Crops cooperating with specially‑selected microbiomes kept relatively stable output under high‑temperature pressure, compared with ordinary control groups. However, the technology is not easy to popularize. Microbe groups suitable for one farm may fail to work in another place, for soil conditions differ greatly across regions. Moreover, people still lack long‑term observation data about the influence of man‑adjusted microbiomes on local ecological balance. Microbiome‑driven agriculture will not take the place of traditional crop‑breeding techniques. It serves as one new tool for future sustainable food systems. Before large‑scale application, more field experiments and risk assessments are still badly needed. 1. What do plant‑related microbiomes help crops do? A. Completely prevent all natural disasters on farmland. B. Absorb nutrition and improve resistance against bad weather. C. Produce chemical fertilizers for agricultural production. D. Change local soil conditions into exactly the same worldwide. 2. What difficulty stops the microbiome technology from wide promotion? A. Suitable microbial groups may not work well in different soil environments. B. No field tests have ever been carried out for such new technology. C. It will totally destroy local ecological balance without any doubt. D. It costs far less money than traditional crop‑breeding methods. 3. What can we infer from paragraph 3 and paragraph 4? A. Microbiome agriculture can be put into large‑scale use immediately. B. Man‑modified microbiomes’ long‑term ecological effects remain unclear. C. Microbe technology has completely replaced traditional crop breeding. D. Crop output will rise sharply without any test under high temperature. 4. What does the underlined word “popularize” in paragraph 3 mean? A. be understood by few people B. be spread and widely applied C. be forbidden by agricultural experts D. be copied by every seed company Passage 4 话题：新型可穿戴皮肤贴片实现主动健康监测 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Traditional wearable devices such as smart watches mainly record movement, heart rate and sleep quality. They offer basic health information but cannot catch subtle biochemical changes inside human bodies. A newly‑developed thin skin patch is changing the situation, shifting health monitoring from passive recording toward early‑risk warning The flexible patch sticks closely to human skin. Built‑in tiny sensors can track stress‑related hormones, body water condition and certain nutrition levels through body sweat. The data it collects is transmitted to users’ mobile phones. Unlike blood tests which require hospital visits, the skin patch realizes non‑stop, real‑time outside‑hospital observation without drawing blood. Still, the innovative device faces practical challenges. Sweat components are affected by sports, drinking and temperature, which may bring disturbance to measuring results. Besides, present‑day production costs remain high, limiting its wide use among ordinary citizens. Scientists are working on material improvement to cut expenses and increase measuring stability. Experts believe skin‑patch wearables will not replace hospital medical examinations. Instead, they build a bridge between daily life and professional medical care. By discovering early health signs, they remind people to seek medical advice before minor problems turn into serious illnesses. 1. What is the limitation of traditional smart‑watch‑style wearables? A. They cannot record users’ heart rate and sleep condition. B. They fail to detect subtle internal biochemical changes of human bodies. C. They must draw users’ blood to finish health‑related examinations. D. Their production costs are too low to satisfy medical standards. 2. What advantage does the new skin patch have compared with hospital blood tests? A. It provides continuous real‑time monitoring without blood collection. B. It can cure serious diseases once it finds health risks. C. Its measuring results will never be influenced by outside factors. D. It has already been popular among ordinary citizens at low prices. 3. What can we infer about the skin patch from the text? A. It will completely take the place of hospital medical examinations. B. Researchers are trying to improve its material and lower its costs. C. Its measurement results have no possible disturbance sources at all. D. Users can directly receive medical treatment through the patch itself. 4. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text? A. Drawbacks of All Kinds of Hospital Blood Tests B. New Skin‑patch Wearable for Early Health Risk Warning C. The History of Various Smart Watch Production D. How Sweat Influences People’s Daily Sports Performance 参考答案与详细解析 Passage1 答案：1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 1. B 解析：细节理解。定位第一段“many ocean areas with rapid water movement were hard for static devices to reach, leaving critical data gaps”，传统固定设备难以获取部分动态变化海域的数据。 A：水下接收不到卫星信号，原文无； C：生产成本极高，文中没有提及； D：直接伤害海洋生物，不是传统设备的缺陷。 2. B 解析：细节理解。定位第三段“When shark‑collected data was added to ocean‑forecast systems, surface‑temperature prediction errors dropped by nearly 40 percent”，鲨鱼携带传感器有助于提升海洋温度预报准确度。 A：完全控制鲨鱼洄游路线，与原文“cannot control sharks’ swimming routes”相反； C：消除气候模型全部误差，表述绝对； D：彻底取代漂浮观测设备，原文说作为补充而非替代。 3. B 解析：推理判断。定位第三段“scientists must carry out strict biological evaluation before fixing tags on sea animals to avoid possible harm to creatures”，给鲨鱼安装标签要兼顾科研需求与动物保护。 A：研究者可随意从任意目标海域收集数据，原文不能按需获取； C：鲨鱼标签已经广泛用于渔业，文中无依据； D：无论怎样安装标签都不会影响鲨鱼健康，与原文相悖。 4. C 解析：词义猜测。supplement所在句“serve as a valuable supplement. Rather than completely replace traditional instruments”，鲨鱼传感器是传统设备的补充。addition补充；substitute替代品；barrier障碍；warning警告。A、B、D语义不匹配。 Passage2 答案：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 1. A 解析：细节理解。定位第一段“AI agents, systems capable of finishing multi‑step research tasks with little human guidance, Unlike ordinary chat‑oriented AI tools”，AI智能体可以在少量人工指导下完成多步骤科研任务。 B：处理数据完全不出错，后文明确指出会出错； C：独立完成现实物理实验，原文没有； D：已经在大型实验室取代绝大多数人类科学家，表述过度。 2. B 解析：细节理解。定位第三段“They are likely to produce false data references or accidentally delete valuable experimental records without human reminders”，当前AI智能体会生成错误参考文献或者删掉有用数据。 A：拒绝整理大量科研资料，和原文事实相反； C：完全不能检索阅读学术论文，与原文矛盾； D：对每个科研团队运行成本很低，原文说算力成本高，小团队负担不起。 3. C 解析：推理判断。定位末段“Future development directions include building smaller, cost‑effective agent models”，研发体积更小、性价比更高的新一代AI智能体模型很有价值。 A：小团队已经广泛使用高算力AI智能体，原文相反； B：AI智能体可以独立工作不需要人类核查，原文需要人类核对输出； D：AI智能体能够独立完成创造性理论思考，文中没有。 4. B 解析：主旨大意。全文介绍AI智能体如何辅助科研，同时讲出现存局限与未来方向。 A：全部人工智能的弊端，范围过大； C：各类对话AI工具的发展史，偏离主题； D：降低计算机程序算力消耗的方法，只是细节不是主旨。 Passage3 答案：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 1. B 解析：细节理解。定位第二段“These microorganisms can help plants absorb nutrition, resist dry conditions”，植物微生物组帮助作物吸收营养，提升恶劣天气抵抗力。 A：彻底阻止农田所有自然灾害，表述绝对； C：生产化肥，原文没有； D：把全世界土壤改造为完全一致，无依据。 2. A 解析：细节理解。定位第三段“Microbe groups suitable for one farm may fail to work in another place, for soil conditions differ greatly across regions”，适合一块农田的微生物组合，换不同土壤环境就会失效，阻碍技术推广。 B：没有开展过田间试验，原文已经有field tests； C：毫无疑问会彻底破坏当地生态，原文是缺少长期观测数据，不是已经证实会破坏； D：比传统育种成本低很多，文中未提及。 3. B 解析：推理判断。定位第三段“people still lack long‑term observation data about the influence of man‑adjusted microbiomes on local ecological balance”，人工调整微生物组对生态的长期影响尚不明确。 A：微生物农业可以立刻大规模投入使用，原文需要更多实验评估； C：微生物技术彻底取代传统育种，末段说明只是新工具，不会取代； D：高温条件下无需试验产量就会暴涨，与文本事实相反。 4. B 解析：词义猜测。popularize上下文“the technology is not easy to popularize”，这项技术难以推广普及。be spread and widely applied推广普及；A很少人理解；C被农业专家禁止；D被每家种子公司复制。A/C/D均不符合语境。 Passage4 答案：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 1. B 解析：细节理解。定位第一段“They offer basic health information but cannot catch subtle biochemical changes inside human bodies”，传统智能手表类可穿戴设备无法捕捉人体内部细微生化变化。 A：不能记录心率睡眠，原文恰恰可以记录； C：必须采血完成健康检查，是医院验血的特点，不是手表； D：生产成本过低达不到医疗标准，原文未讲手表成本问题。 2. A 解析：细节理解。定位第二段“the skin patch realizes non‑stop, real‑time outside‑hospital observation without drawing blood”，新型皮肤贴片不用采血，可持续实时监测。 B：发现健康风险之后可以治愈重病，原文只监测预警，不能治病； C：测量结果不会受外界因素干扰，第三段说汗液成分会带来干扰； D：已经低价普及普通民众，原文生产成本高还未普及。 3. B 解析：推理判断。定位第三段“Scientists are working on material improvement to cut expenses and increase measuring stability”，科研人员正改进材料、降低成本。 A：将完全取代医院体检，末段说明不会取代； C：测量结果完全不存在干扰源，与原文相悖； D：用户可以通过贴片直接接受治疗，原文只有监测预警功能。 4. B 解析：主旨标题。文章介绍新型皮肤贴片可穿戴设备，用于健康风险早期预警。 A：医院验血的各类弊端，偏离核心对象； C：智能手表生产发展史，不是文章重点； D：汗液如何影响日常运动表现，只是局部细节。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $