Unit 1 People of Achievement（复习讲义）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

该高中英语复习讲义通过单元核心语法体系思维导图、对比表格等工具系统构建知识体系，涵盖主题语境、核心词汇、非限制性定语从句及人物介绍写作，以“变形-搭配-辨析-拓展”结构梳理词汇，用对比表格区分限制性与非限制性定语从句，清晰呈现重难点分布与内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“即时小练+易错提醒+写作万能句”设计，如devote的动名词填空练习、take on与take up的用法对比表格，结合记忆口诀强化词汇语法应用，培养语言能力与思维品质。分层练习适配不同学生，基础生通过小练巩固，优秀生借助拓展句型提升，助力自主复习，为教师精准教学提供系统支持。

人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement（复习讲义） 复习要点 1. 主题语境：人与社会——了解屠呦呦等杰出人物的贡献与品质。 2. 掌握描述科研过程、成就评价及人物品质的核心词汇与短语。 3. 语法：掌握非限制性定语从句的结构、功能及与限制性定语从句的区别。 4. 写作：掌握人物介绍类应用文的基本结构与表达方式。 复习重难点 重点：非限制性定语从句中关系代词（which/who/whom）和关系副词（where/when）的正确选用。 难点：运用本单元词汇与定语从句，连贯、有逻辑地介绍人物的生平、贡献及影响。 单元词汇 知识点1：devote vt. 致力于；献身 变形 devotion n. 奉献；热爱；投入 / devoted adj. 忠实的；专心的 【固定搭配】 （1）devote oneself to (doing) sth. 投身于/致力于（做）某事 （2）devote time/energy/money to (doing) sth. 把时间/精力/金钱投入到（做）某事 （3）be devoted to (doing) sth. 专注于；忠于；致力于 【易混辨析】 devote to、be devoted to 结构中to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，绝对不可接动词原形，是考试单选、语法填空、短文改错的高频易错点。 【记忆口诀】 devote搭配要记牢，后面to是介词；名词动名词随后到，原形出现定错掉。 【拓展延伸】 be devoted to 可用于人或事物，既可以表示“致力于工作、研究”，也可表示“忠于某人、热爱某物”。 【即时小练】 Tu Youyou devoted all her life to ______ (study) traditional Chinese medicine. A. study　　　B. studying　　　C. to study 知识点2 remarkable adj. 显著的；非凡的；引人注目的 变形 remark n. 评论；言论 v. 评论；指出 / remarkably adv. 显著地；非凡地 【固定搭配】 （1）a remarkable achievement/feat 非凡的成就 （2）be remarkable for sth.因某事而出众/引人注目 【同义表达】 extraordinary、outstanding、exceptional（均可替换remarkable形容人或成就杰出） 【易错提醒】 remark作动词表“评论”时，常搭配 remark on/upon sth.，不可直接加宾语，是写作高频错误。 【拓展延伸】 remarkable 侧重“因与众不同、成绩突出而引人注目”，多用于褒义，适配人物成就类作文。 【即时小练】 She made a ______ (remark) contribution to medical research. 知识点3 take on 承担；呈现；雇佣 【核心义项及例句】 （1）承担（责任、任务）：He took on the tough research task without hesitation. 他毫不犹豫承担了这项艰巨的科研任务。 （2）呈现（面貌、特征）：The city takes on a new look in spring. 这座城市在春天焕然一新。 （3）雇佣：The institute took on several young researchers. 该研究所聘用了几名年轻研究员。 【易混辨析】 核心短语 核心含义 用法区别 take on 承担职责；呈现面貌；雇佣 侧重主动接手责任、任务 take up 开始从事；占据（时间/空间） 侧重开启新爱好、新工作或占用资源 take over 接管；接手（职位、工作） 侧重接替他人的工作、权力 【记忆口诀】 take on担责又换新，雇佣人员也通顺；take up从业占时空，take over接手权与工。 【特别提醒】 take on 表“承担任务”时，多用主动语态，主语多为人、团队。 知识点4 undertake vt. 承担；从事；承诺 变形 undertook 过去式、undertaken 过去分词、undertaking n. 事业；任务；承诺 【固定搭配】 （1）undertake a task/research/project 承担任务/开展研究/实施项目 （2）undertake to do sth. 承诺/答应做某事 【同义替换】 take on、carry out（承担任务、开展工作） 【易错提醒】 undertake 为不规则动词，变形极易出错，过去式undertook、过去分词undertaken，不可规则变化。 【拓展延伸】 undertake 属于书面高级词汇，可替换普通词汇do、take，提升作文高级感，多用于科研、事业、正式工作场景。 【即时小练】 The scientist ______ (undertake) the study of malaria decades ago. 知识点5 persevere vi. 坚持不懈；锲而不舍 变形 perseverance n. 毅力；坚韧不拔 / persevering adj. 坚持不懈的 【固定搭配】 （1）persevere in (doing) sth. 坚持（做）某事 （2）persevere with sth. 坚持完成某事（克服困难） 【易混辨析】 核心词汇 语义侧重 感情色彩 固定搭配 persevere 面对艰难险阻长期坚持、不懈努力 褒义，书面正式用语 persevere in/with sth. insist 坚持个人观点、主张、要求 中性 insist on doing / that 从句 persist 固执坚持，不听劝阻 多含贬义 persist in doing sth. 【记忆口诀】 褒义坚持persevere，观点坚持insist，固执不改persist，色彩搭配要分清。 【特别提醒】 persevere 为不及物动词，必须搭配介词in/with后再接宾语，不能直接接名词或动名词。 知识点6 come across 偶然发现；偶遇 【核心用法】 无被动语态，无进行时态 【同义表达】 stumble on/upon、happen to find 【易混辨析】 核心短语 中文释义 适用场景 come across 偶然发现；偶遇 侧重无意发现事物、偶遇某人 come up （问题、想法）出现；被提出 多用于观点、问题、方案等抽象事物 come out 出版；发表；（结果）出来 多用于书籍、刊物、考试结果等 【易错提醒】 come across 无被动、无进行，不能说 be come across / is coming across。 【拓展延伸】 come across 还可表示“给人印象；看起来”，例：She comes across as a determined researcher. 她给人的印象是一名意志坚定的研究者。 【即时小练】 I ______ an important research paper when I was reading in the library. A. came across　　　B. came up　　　C. came out 知识点7 under no circumstances 绝不；无论如何都不 【固定搭配】 （1）under/in no circumstances 绝不；无论如何都不（置于句首，句子部分倒装） （2）under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此 【重点语法考点】 under/in no circumstances位于句首，主句需用部分倒装，为单元重难点语法。 【例句】 Under no circumstances should we give up our research. 我们绝不放弃我们的研究。 【记忆口诀】 否定副词置句首，主句部分要倒装，情态助动词提前，语序变化要记清。 【特别提醒】 只有否定词置于句首才倒装，in/under the circumstances 位于句首无需倒装。 知识点8 It is/was + adj. + that... 形式主语句型 【核心结构】 It is/was + obvious/clear/evident/remarkable that... 【解析】 it为形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，无词义、不充当成分，不可省略。 【高频写作搭配】 （1）It is remarkable that... 显而易见/值得称道的是…… （2）It is obvious that... 很明显…… （3）It is widely acknowledged that... 众所周知……（写作高级替换everyone knows） 【易错提醒】 该句型中it仅作形式主语，不可替换为this/that，是单选固定考点。 【拓展延伸】 同类高级主语从句句型：It is reported that...（据报道）、It is believed that...（人们认为），均可用于人物事迹类写作。 【即时小练】 ______ is evident that hard work leads to great achievements. A. That　　　B. It　　　C. What 知识点9 despite prep. 尽管；虽然 【固定用法】 despite + 名词/代词/动名词（绝对不接句子） 【同义转换（写作升级）】 （1）Despite great difficulties, she succeeded. = In spite of great difficulties, she succeeded. （2）Despite working hard, he never complained. = Though/Although he worked hard, he never complained. 【易混易错】 词汇/短语 词性属性 用法规则 despite / in spite of 介词短语 后接名词、代词、动名词，不可接完整句子 though / although 连词 后接完整状语从句，不可直接接名词 【记忆口诀】 despite/in spite 接名词，though/although连句子，转折用法分清处，改错填空不出错。 【特别提醒】 despite 后面绝对不能加of，无despite of这一错误搭配。 知识点10 单元话题写作拓展 【写作万能句（课本延伸）】 Only by persevering in hard work can we make remarkable achievements. 唯有坚持不懈努力，我们才能取得非凡成就。（倒装句型，提升作文档次） 【拓展延伸】 本单元所有话题词汇适配杰出人物、奋斗精神、科研奉献类读后续写、应用文写作，可直接套用造句，提升作文词汇丰富度。 【特别提醒】 写作中优先使用高级词汇（remarkable、perseverance、contribute to），替换普通词汇good、hard、help，快速提分。 【话题词汇汇总】 词汇类别 核心词汇/短语 中文释义 品质类 diligent、determined、persistent、selfless 勤奋的、坚定的、执着的、无私的 行动类 strive for、pursue、devote to、carry out 奋斗、追求、投身于、开展（工作） 成就类 make breakthroughs、attain achievements、gain recognition 取得突破、获得成就、赢得认可 影响类 pioneer、contribute to、have a profound impact on 开创、有助于、对……产生深远影响 单元语法：非限制性定语从句 1、 单元核心语法体系思维导图 二、重点语法精讲 （一）定语从句 对比维度 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 定义功能 对先行词进行限定、区分，删除后主句语义不完整，用于明确指代对象 对先行词进行补充说明，仅增加附加信息，删除后主句语义完整通顺 标点符号 无需逗号，从句与主句紧密衔接 必须用逗号与主句分隔 可用关系词 that、which、who、whom、whose、as 禁止使用that，仅可用which、who、whom、whose、as 例句 People who take physical exercise regularly live longer.（经常锻炼的人更长寿。） His daughter, who is in Shenzhen now, is coming home next week.（他的女儿现在在深圳，下周将要回家。） 核心考点 修饰特指/泛指名词，用于区分同类不同事物 修饰专有名词、独一无二的人/物，或对整句话内容补充说明 （二）定语从句关系词高频用法辨析 关系词 指代对象 从句成分 使用限制 例句 who 人 主语、宾语 可用于限制性、非限制性定语从句 The scientist who made great achievements is respected by all.（这位取得重大成就的科学家受人尊敬。） whom 人 仅宾语 正式用法，口语中可省略，可用于非限制性从句 The expert whom we interviewed is very experienced.（我们采访的这位专家经验丰富。） which 物/整件事 主语、宾语、表语 非限制性从句首选，可指代整句内容 He succeeded in his research, which surprised everyone.（他的研究取得了成功，这让所有人都很惊讶。） that 人/物 主语、宾语 仅用于限制性定语从句，非限制性绝对禁用 The discovery that he made changed people’s views.（他的这一发现改变了人们的认知。） （三）单元重点特殊句型 句型结构 语法规则 核心用法 例句 not...but... 不是……而是…… 遵循就近原则，谓语动词单复数由but后的主语决定 用于转折对比，否定前者、肯定后者，单元写作高频句型 The key to success is not luck but hard work.（成功的关键不是运气而是努力。） It is vital that... that从句用虚拟语气，谓语为(should)+动词原形，should可省略 用于表达“做某事至关重要”，vital可替换为crucial、essential It is vital that we (should) keep accurate records.（我们做好精准记录至关重要。） 部分否定结构 Not all... Not all+可数名词复数/不可数名词，表“并非所有……” 区别于完全否定（None of...），易混淆语法点 Not all great people achieve success easily.（并非所有伟人都能轻易取得成功。） （四）独立主格结构 本单元出现的非谓语特殊结构，多用于书面语，作状语表时间、原因、条件、伴随状态。 核心构成 语法功能 例句 解析 名词/代词 + 非谓语/形容词/介词短语 作状语，修饰整个主句，有独立逻辑主语，与主句主语不一致 The weather being fine, we went out to visit the memorial hall of great people.（天气晴朗，我们外出参观了伟人纪念馆。） The weather为独立逻辑主语，being fine为现在分词短语，表原因，无连词连接主句 三、单元语法易错点汇总 · 非限制性定语从句禁忌：绝对不能使用关系代词that，这是单元高频改错、语法填空考点 · 虚拟语气特例：It is vital/crucial/essential that...句型中，从句必须用(should) do，should可省略，不可用过去式 · 就近原则误区：not...but...结构中，谓语动词只跟随but后的名词，与not前名词无关 · 部分否定误区：not all...≠所有都不，完全否定需用none of...，切勿混用 （时间：30分钟） 一、根据汉语提示单词拼写 1．________ (显而易见), he didn’t understand the instructions given to him. 2．The main ________ (目标) of the meeting is to give more information on our plans. 3．Under no ________ (情况) should you turn a blind eye to the mess. 4．He has too ______ (温和的) a nature to get angry, even if he has good cause. 5．He ______ (推断) from the article that the pilot was responsible for the accident. 6．The young man ________ (创立) an IT company after he graduated from university. 7．It has been widely ________ (承认) that regular physical exercise contributes significantly to improving both physical and mental health. 8．During her speech, the scientist ________ (公开感谢) her mentors for their guidance. 9．With the help of online platforms, traditional Chinese art is ________ (逐渐地) reaching a wider audience around the world. 10．Ignoring pollution will force us to face the ________(后果) soon. 二、阅读理解 A Leslie Nielsen's childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life — his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career (职业) in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed. But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn't until 1980 — 32 years into his career — that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly. Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. He never stopped working, never retired. Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life. 1．Why did Nielsen want to be an actor? A．He enjoyed watching movies. B．He was eager to earn money. C．He wanted to be like his uncle. D．He felt he was good at acting. 2．What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career? A．He directed some high quality movies. B．He avoided taking on new challenges. C．He focused on playing dramatic roles. D．He became a successful comedy actor. 3．What does Nielsen's career story tell us? A．Art is long, life is short. B．He who laughs last laughs longest. C．It's never too late to learn. D．Where there's a will there's a way. B Animals appear to predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study to find reliable evidence of the phenomenon has shown. Cameras revealed an “amazing” drop in the number of animals up to 23 days before a major quake hit their rainforest home at Yanachaga National Park in Peru. Lead scientist Dr Rachel Grant, from Anglia Ruskin University, said, “The results showed that just before the earthquake, animals' activity dropped right down.” On a normal day the cameras placed around Yanachaga National Park record between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days before the earthquake, the number of animals dropped to five or fewer per day. No animals were photographed at all on five of the seven days immediately before the quake. Another study showed that animal activity remained normal in the park over a different period when seismic (地震的) activity was low. Co-author, professor Friedemann Freund, said, “The cameras were located at an altitude of 900 meters. If air ionization occurred, the animals would escape to the valley below, where there were fewer positive ions (离子). With their ability to sense their environment, animals can help us understand small changes that occur before major earthquakes.” Other evidence suggested that before the earthquake, the air around the high mountain sites filled with positive ions that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress. Positive ions have been known to cause ill effects in humans as well as animals. Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. They are thought to have escaped to lower ground, where the air was less ionized. The findings may help experts develop better short-term seismic forecasts. 4．How did scientists conduct the study? A．By comparing different animals' habits. B．By observing animals in high mountains. C．By explaining the positive ion phenomenon. D．By analyzing images of animals they obtained. 5．What can be inferred from animal activity before earthquakes? A．The ground at a lower altitude is less ionized. B．Cameras normally record more animals per day. C．Earthquake warnings can be detected in lower places. D．The activity of animals and earthquakes is consistent. 6．What can we learn from the text? A．The findings make for accurate seismic forecast. B．Animals tend to be uneasy with more positive ions. C．Positive ions make humans and animals depressed. D．All the animals remain abnormal before the earthquake. 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Negative Influence of Positive Ions. B．Ions' Destruction to the Environment. C．Animals' Behavior Before Earthquakes. D．Creatures' Ability to Predict Earthquakes. 三、完形填空 His goal was to walk around the world. 27 years later, he's about to finish. In 1998, British 1 Karl Bushby looked down a road in Chile and set a 2 goal: walk all the way home to Hull, England — without using a single form of 3 . What he didn't know then was that it would stretch into a remarkable 27-year journey 4 continents, oceans, and history itself. Now, after walking 36,000 miles, 5 polar bears, swimming across seas, and navigating 6 visa setbacks, the 56-year-old ex-paratrooper (前伞兵) is 7 on the home stretch. Bushby began his adventure in Chile, trekking (跋涉) north through South and North America, eventually reaching Alaska. In 2006, he 8 one of the most dangerous legs of the journey: crossing the frozen Bering Strait into Siberia. 9 with a gun to scare off polar bears and forced to 10 between moving blocks of ice, he achieved what few people on Earth have ever done. His 11 didn't stop there. Bushby was held in Russia for entering incorrectly and banned for five years. Sponsorships 12 during the 2008 financial crisis. The pandemic stopped his progress. Visa issues left him 13 in Mexico for years. But he refused to quit. Bushby walks an average of 30km a day and rests wherever he can find 14 . His mission has outlasted five UK prime ministers, a global pandemic, and numerous wars — but his spirit remains as strong as it was in 1998. And the world is cheering him on as he enters the final chapter of one of the most 15 human endurance journeys ever attempted. 1．A．historian B．photographer C．adventurer D．journalist 2．A．realistic B．daring C．collective D．demanding 3．A．transport B．navigation C．communication D．equipment 4．A．connecting B．including C．covering D．overcoming 5．A．hunting B．feeding C．threatening D．surviving 6．A．scarce B．minor C．countless D．occasional 7．A．consequently B．randomly C．unexpectedly D．ultimately 8．A．attempted B．sought C．recognized D．advocated 9．A．Loaded B．Armed C．Confronted D．Provided 10．A．swap B．leap C．slip D．march 11．A．challenges B．achievements C．inspirations D．pursuits 12．A．used up B．pulled down C．backed down D．dried up 13．A．isolated B．settled C．rooted D．stuck 14．A．warmth B．company C．shelter D．comfort 15．A．extraordinary B．conventional C．universal D．historical 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 1 (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 2 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 3 (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 4 (declare) she had no plans 5 (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6 (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 7 because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 8 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 9 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 10 (wonder).” 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement（复习讲义） 复习要点 1. 主题语境：人与社会——了解屠呦呦等杰出人物的贡献与品质。 2. 掌握描述科研过程、成就评价及人物品质的核心词汇与短语。 3. 语法：掌握非限制性定语从句的结构、功能及与限制性定语从句的区别。 4. 写作：掌握人物介绍类应用文的基本结构与表达方式。 复习重难点 重点：非限制性定语从句中关系代词（which/who/whom）和关系副词（where/when）的正确选用。 难点：运用本单元词汇与定语从句，连贯、有逻辑地介绍人物的生平、贡献及影响。 单元词汇 知识点1：devote vt. 致力于；献身 变形 devotion n. 奉献；热爱；投入 / devoted adj. 忠实的；专心的 【固定搭配】 （1）devote oneself to (doing) sth. 投身于/致力于（做）某事 （2）devote time/energy/money to (doing) sth. 把时间/精力/金钱投入到（做）某事 （3）be devoted to (doing) sth. 专注于；忠于；致力于 【易混辨析】 devote to、be devoted to 结构中to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，绝对不可接动词原形，是考试单选、语法填空、短文改错的高频易错点。 【记忆口诀】 devote搭配要记牢，后面to是介词；名词动名词随后到，原形出现定错掉。 【拓展延伸】 be devoted to 可用于人或事物，既可以表示“致力于工作、研究”，也可表示“忠于某人、热爱某物”。 【即时小练】 Tu Youyou devoted all her life to ______ (study) traditional Chinese medicine. A. study　　　B. studying　　　C. to study 答案：B 解析：固定搭配be devoted to中to为介词，后接动名词形式。 知识点2 remarkable adj. 显著的；非凡的；引人注目的 变形 remark n. 评论；言论 v. 评论；指出 / remarkably adv. 显著地；非凡地 【固定搭配】 （1）a remarkable achievement/feat 非凡的成就 （2）be remarkable for sth.因某事而出众/引人注目 【同义表达】 extraordinary、outstanding、exceptional（均可替换remarkable形容人或成就杰出） 【易错提醒】 remark作动词表“评论”时，常搭配 remark on/upon sth.，不可直接加宾语，是写作高频错误。 【拓展延伸】 remarkable 侧重“因与众不同、成绩突出而引人注目”，多用于褒义，适配人物成就类作文。 【即时小练】 She made a ______ (remark) contribution to medical research. 答案：remarkable 解析：修饰名词contribution需用形容词，remarkable contribution为固定搭配，意为“卓越贡献”。 知识点3 take on 承担；呈现；雇佣 【核心义项及例句】 （1）承担（责任、任务）：He took on the tough research task without hesitation. 他毫不犹豫承担了这项艰巨的科研任务。 （2）呈现（面貌、特征）：The city takes on a new look in spring. 这座城市在春天焕然一新。 （3）雇佣：The institute took on several young researchers. 该研究所聘用了几名年轻研究员。 【易混辨析】 核心短语 核心含义 用法区别 take on 承担职责；呈现面貌；雇佣 侧重主动接手责任、任务 take up 开始从事；占据（时间/空间） 侧重开启新爱好、新工作或占用资源 take over 接管；接手（职位、工作） 侧重接替他人的工作、权力 【记忆口诀】 take on担责又换新，雇佣人员也通顺；take up从业占时空，take over接手权与工。 【特别提醒】 take on 表“承担任务”时，多用主动语态，主语多为人、团队。 知识点4 undertake vt. 承担；从事；承诺 变形 undertook 过去式、undertaken 过去分词、undertaking n. 事业；任务；承诺 【固定搭配】 （1）undertake a task/research/project 承担任务/开展研究/实施项目 （2）undertake to do sth. 承诺/答应做某事 【同义替换】 take on、carry out（承担任务、开展工作） 【易错提醒】 undertake 为不规则动词，变形极易出错，过去式undertook、过去分词undertaken，不可规则变化。 【拓展延伸】 undertake 属于书面高级词汇，可替换普通词汇do、take，提升作文高级感，多用于科研、事业、正式工作场景。 【即时小练】 The scientist ______ (undertake) the study of malaria decades ago. 答案：undertook 解析：decades ago为过去时间状语，句子用一般过去时。 知识点5 persevere vi. 坚持不懈；锲而不舍 变形 perseverance n. 毅力；坚韧不拔 / persevering adj. 坚持不懈的 【固定搭配】 （1）persevere in (doing) sth. 坚持（做）某事 （2）persevere with sth. 坚持完成某事（克服困难） 【易混辨析】 核心词汇 语义侧重 感情色彩 固定搭配 persevere 面对艰难险阻长期坚持、不懈努力 褒义，书面正式用语 persevere in/with sth. insist 坚持个人观点、主张、要求 中性 insist on doing / that 从句 persist 固执坚持，不听劝阻 多含贬义 persist in doing sth. 【记忆口诀】 褒义坚持persevere，观点坚持insist，固执不改persist，色彩搭配要分清。 【特别提醒】 persevere 为不及物动词，必须搭配介词in/with后再接宾语，不能直接接名词或动名词。 知识点6 come across 偶然发现；偶遇 【核心用法】 无被动语态，无进行时态 【同义表达】 stumble on/upon、happen to find 【易混辨析】 核心短语 中文释义 适用场景 come across 偶然发现；偶遇 侧重无意发现事物、偶遇某人 come up （问题、想法）出现；被提出 多用于观点、问题、方案等抽象事物 come out 出版；发表；（结果）出来 多用于书籍、刊物、考试结果等 【易错提醒】 come across 无被动、无进行，不能说 be come across / is coming across。 【拓展延伸】 come across 还可表示“给人印象；看起来”，例：She comes across as a determined researcher. 她给人的印象是一名意志坚定的研究者。 【即时小练】 I ______ an important research paper when I was reading in the library. A. came across　　　B. came up　　　C. came out 答案：A 解析：句意为“在图书馆看书时偶然发现一篇重要论文”，come across符合语境。 知识点7 under no circumstances 绝不；无论如何都不 【固定搭配】 （1）under/in no circumstances 绝不；无论如何都不（置于句首，句子部分倒装） （2）under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然如此 【重点语法考点】 under/in no circumstances位于句首，主句需用部分倒装，为单元重难点语法。 【例句】 Under no circumstances should we give up our research. 我们绝不放弃我们的研究。 【记忆口诀】 否定副词置句首，主句部分要倒装，情态助动词提前，语序变化要记清。 【特别提醒】 只有否定词置于句首才倒装，in/under the circumstances 位于句首无需倒装。 知识点8 It is/was + adj. + that... 形式主语句型 【核心结构】 It is/was + obvious/clear/evident/remarkable that... 【解析】 it为形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句，无词义、不充当成分，不可省略。 【高频写作搭配】 （1）It is remarkable that... 显而易见/值得称道的是…… （2）It is obvious that... 很明显…… （3）It is widely acknowledged that... 众所周知……（写作高级替换everyone knows） 【易错提醒】 该句型中it仅作形式主语，不可替换为this/that，是单选固定考点。 【拓展延伸】 同类高级主语从句句型：It is reported that...（据报道）、It is believed that...（人们认为），均可用于人物事迹类写作。 【即时小练】 ______ is evident that hard work leads to great achievements. A. That　　　B. It　　　C. What 答案：B 解析：固定it作形式主语句型，It is evident that... 显而易见…… 知识点9 despite prep. 尽管；虽然 【固定用法】 despite + 名词/代词/动名词（绝对不接句子） 【同义转换（写作升级）】 （1）Despite great difficulties, she succeeded. = In spite of great difficulties, she succeeded. （2）Despite working hard, he never complained. = Though/Although he worked hard, he never complained. 【易混易错】 词汇/短语 词性属性 用法规则 despite / in spite of 介词短语 后接名词、代词、动名词，不可接完整句子 though / although 连词 后接完整状语从句，不可直接接名词 【记忆口诀】 despite/in spite 接名词，though/although连句子，转折用法分清处，改错填空不出错。 【特别提醒】 despite 后面绝对不能加of，无despite of这一错误搭配。 知识点10 单元话题写作拓展 【写作万能句（课本延伸）】 Only by persevering in hard work can we make remarkable achievements. 唯有坚持不懈努力，我们才能取得非凡成就。（倒装句型，提升作文档次） 【拓展延伸】 本单元所有话题词汇适配杰出人物、奋斗精神、科研奉献类读后续写、应用文写作，可直接套用造句，提升作文词汇丰富度。 【特别提醒】 写作中优先使用高级词汇（remarkable、perseverance、contribute to），替换普通词汇good、hard、help，快速提分。 【话题词汇汇总】 词汇类别 核心词汇/短语 中文释义 品质类 diligent、determined、persistent、selfless 勤奋的、坚定的、执着的、无私的 行动类 strive for、pursue、devote to、carry out 奋斗、追求、投身于、开展（工作） 成就类 make breakthroughs、attain achievements、gain recognition 取得突破、获得成就、赢得认可 影响类 pioneer、contribute to、have a profound impact on 开创、有助于、对……产生深远影响 单元语法：非限制性定语从句 1、 单元核心语法体系思维导图 二、重点语法精讲 （一）定语从句 本单元重点考查限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分以及关系词的规范用法，是单元语法核心考点。 对比维度 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 定义功能 对先行词进行限定、区分，删除后主句语义不完整，用于明确指代对象 对先行词进行补充说明，仅增加附加信息，删除后主句语义完整通顺 标点符号 无需逗号，从句与主句紧密衔接 必须用逗号与主句分隔 可用关系词 that、which、who、whom、whose、as 禁止使用that，仅可用which、who、whom、whose、as 例句 People who take physical exercise regularly live longer.（经常锻炼的人更长寿。） His daughter, who is in Shenzhen now, is coming home next week.（他的女儿现在在深圳，下周将要回家。） 核心考点 修饰特指/泛指名词，用于区分同类不同事物 修饰专有名词、独一无二的人/物，或对整句话内容补充说明 （二）定语从句关系词高频用法辨析 关系词 指代对象 从句成分 使用限制 例句 who 人 主语、宾语 可用于限制性、非限制性定语从句 The scientist who made great achievements is respected by all.（这位取得重大成就的科学家受人尊敬。） whom 人 仅宾语 正式用法，口语中可省略，可用于非限制性从句 The expert whom we interviewed is very experienced.（我们采访的这位专家经验丰富。） which 物/整件事 主语、宾语、表语 非限制性从句首选，可指代整句内容 He succeeded in his research, which surprised everyone.（他的研究取得了成功，这让所有人都很惊讶。） that 人/物 主语、宾语 仅用于限制性定语从句，非限制性绝对禁用 The discovery that he made changed people’s views.（他的这一发现改变了人们的认知。） （三）单元重点特殊句型 句型结构 语法规则 核心用法 例句 not...but... 不是……而是…… 遵循就近原则，谓语动词单复数由but后的主语决定 用于转折对比，否定前者、肯定后者，单元写作高频句型 The key to success is not luck but hard work.（成功的关键不是运气而是努力。） It is vital that... that从句用虚拟语气，谓语为(should)+动词原形，should可省略 用于表达“做某事至关重要”，vital可替换为crucial、essential It is vital that we (should) keep accurate records.（我们做好精准记录至关重要。） 部分否定结构 Not all... Not all+可数名词复数/不可数名词，表“并非所有……” 区别于完全否定（None of...），易混淆语法点 Not all great people achieve success easily.（并非所有伟人都能轻易取得成功。） （四）独立主格结构 本单元出现的非谓语特殊结构，多用于书面语，作状语表时间、原因、条件、伴随状态。 核心构成 语法功能 例句 解析 名词/代词 + 非谓语/形容词/介词短语 作状语，修饰整个主句，有独立逻辑主语，与主句主语不一致 The weather being fine, we went out to visit the memorial hall of great people.（天气晴朗，我们外出参观了伟人纪念馆。） The weather为独立逻辑主语，being fine为现在分词短语，表原因，无连词连接主句 三、单元语法易错点汇总 · 非限制性定语从句禁忌：绝对不能使用关系代词that，这是单元高频改错、语法填空考点 · 虚拟语气特例：It is vital/crucial/essential that...句型中，从句必须用(should) do，should可省略，不可用过去式 · 就近原则误区：not...but...结构中，谓语动词只跟随but后的名词，与not前名词无关 · 部分否定误区：not all...≠所有都不，完全否定需用none of...，切勿混用 （时间：30分钟） 一、根据汉语提示单词拼写 1．________ (显而易见), he didn’t understand the instructions given to him. 【答案】Obviously/Apparently 【详解】考查副词。句意：显然，他不明白给他的指示。表示“显而易见”使用副词obviously/apparently，作状语修饰整个句子，首字母应大写，故填Obviously/Apparently。 2．The main ________ (目标) of the meeting is to give more information on our plans. 【答案】goal/objective/aim 【详解】考查名词。句意：这次会议的主要目标是提供更多关于我们计划的信息。此处为名词作主语，根据汉语提示“目标”并结合空后系动词“is”可知，此处应用名词goal、objective或aim的单数形式。故填goal/objective/aim。 3．Under no ________ (情况) should you turn a blind eye to the mess. 【答案】circumstances 【详解】考查介词短语、名词。句意：在任何情况下你都不应该对这一团糟视而不见。根据空白处前面介词短语under no以及汉语提示“情况”，可知此处考查固定短语under no circumstances，意为 “在任何情况下都不”，名词circumstances作宾语。故填circumstances。 4．He has too ______ (温和的) a nature to get angry, even if he has good cause. 【答案】mild/gentle 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他有太温和的天性，即使有很好的理由也不会生气。该句为“too+形容词+a(n)+名词+to do”结构，根据提示的汉语，此处表示“温和的”应使用形容词mild或gentle来描述他的性格特质，作定语修饰nature。故填mild/gentle。 5．He ______ (推断) from the article that the pilot was responsible for the accident. 【答案】inferred 【详解】考查动词。句意：他从这篇文章中推断出飞行员对这起事故负有责任。根据汉语提示“推断”可知，用动词infer。事情发生在过去，时态应用一般过去时，谓语用过去式inferred。故填inferred。 6．The young man ________ (创立) an IT company after he graduated from university. 【答案】established/founded 【详解】考查动词。句意：这个年轻人大学毕业后创办了一家IT公司。“创立”为动词establish或found作谓语，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填established/founded。 7．It has been widely ________ (承认) that regular physical exercise contributes significantly to improving both physical and mental health. 【答案】acknowledged 【详解】考查动词。句意：人们已经广泛认识到，定期体育锻炼对改善身心健康有显著贡献。根据汉语提示“承认”可知，用动词acknowledge，It为形式主语，that引导主语从句为真正的主语，与acknowledge为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与空前的has been构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填acknowledged。 8．During her speech, the scientist ________ (公开感谢) her mentors for their guidance. 【答案】acknowledged 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在她的演讲中，这位科学家公开感谢了导师们的指导。“公开感谢”应用动词acknowledge，且句子描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填acknowledged。 9．With the help of online platforms, traditional Chinese art is ________ (逐渐地) reaching a wider audience around the world. 【答案】gradually 【详解】句意：借助网络平台，中国传统艺术正逐渐触达全球更多受众。修饰动词reaching，应用副词gradually“逐渐地”作状语。 10．Ignoring pollution will force us to face the ________(后果) soon. 【答案】consequences 【详解】句意：忽视污染会迫使我们很快就面临其后果。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应用可数名词consequence“后果，结果”作宾语，且污染带来的后果不止一个，故应用其复数形式。 二、阅读理解 A Leslie Nielsen's childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life — his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career (职业) in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed. But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn't until 1980 — 32 years into his career — that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly. Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. He never stopped working, never retired. Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life. 1．Why did Nielsen want to be an actor? A．He enjoyed watching movies. B．He was eager to earn money. C．He wanted to be like his uncle. D．He felt he was good at acting. 2．What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career? A．He directed some high quality movies. B．He avoided taking on new challenges. C．He focused on playing dramatic roles. D．He became a successful comedy actor. 3．What does Nielsen's career story tell us? A．Art is long, life is short. B．He who laughs last laughs longest. C．It's never too late to learn. D．Where there's a will there's a way. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Leslie Nielsen的演艺生涯。 【详解】1．细节理解题。通过文章第一段第一、二句话“Leslie Nielsen's childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life — his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career (职业) in acting. (莱斯利·尼尔森的童年是一个艰难的童年，但他一生中有一颗特别耀眼的明星——他的叔叔，一位著名的演员。他叔叔赢得的敬佩和尊重激励尼尔森在演艺事业上取得了成功)”可知，Nielsen想当演员的原因是想像他叔叔一样，成为一个著名的演员。故选C。 2．细节理解题。通过文章第二段最后一句话“That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly. (这部电影使他进入了职业生涯的后半段，即使影评人对这部电影评价不高，但仅仅凭他的喜剧表演就可以使这部电影获得经济上的成功)”可知，在Nielsen职业生涯的后半段，他成了一个成功的喜剧演员。故选D。 3．推理判断题。通读全文，再结合文章最后一段第二、三句话“He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life. (他凭借平凡的努力和决心建立了一个非常成功的事业。他告诉我们，即使是只有一个愿望，永不放弃，也能成就非凡的人生)”可推知，Nielsen的职业经历告诉我们：有志者事竟成。故选D。 B Animals appear to predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study to find reliable evidence of the phenomenon has shown. Cameras revealed an “amazing” drop in the number of animals up to 23 days before a major quake hit their rainforest home at Yanachaga National Park in Peru. Lead scientist Dr Rachel Grant, from Anglia Ruskin University, said, “The results showed that just before the earthquake, animals' activity dropped right down.” On a normal day the cameras placed around Yanachaga National Park record between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days before the earthquake, the number of animals dropped to five or fewer per day. No animals were photographed at all on five of the seven days immediately before the quake. Another study showed that animal activity remained normal in the park over a different period when seismic (地震的) activity was low. Co-author, professor Friedemann Freund, said, “The cameras were located at an altitude of 900 meters. If air ionization occurred, the animals would escape to the valley below, where there were fewer positive ions (离子). With their ability to sense their environment, animals can help us understand small changes that occur before major earthquakes.” Other evidence suggested that before the earthquake, the air around the high mountain sites filled with positive ions that can be produced when rocks are placed under stress. Positive ions have been known to cause ill effects in humans as well as animals. Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. They are thought to have escaped to lower ground, where the air was less ionized. The findings may help experts develop better short-term seismic forecasts. 4．How did scientists conduct the study? A．By comparing different animals' habits. B．By observing animals in high mountains. C．By explaining the positive ion phenomenon. D．By analyzing images of animals they obtained. 5．What can be inferred from animal activity before earthquakes? A．The ground at a lower altitude is less ionized. B．Cameras normally record more animals per day. C．Earthquake warnings can be detected in lower places. D．The activity of animals and earthquakes is consistent. 6．What can we learn from the text? A．The findings make for accurate seismic forecast. B．Animals tend to be uneasy with more positive ions. C．Positive ions make humans and animals depressed. D．All the animals remain abnormal before the earthquake. 7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Negative Influence of Positive Ions. B．Ions' Destruction to the Environment. C．Animals' Behavior Before Earthquakes. D．Creatures' Ability to Predict Earthquakes. 【答案】4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项有可靠证据的研究，动物似乎通过感应空气中的电流来预测地震。科学家通过摄像机记录下地震前后捕捉到的动物行为的变化证明了这一项研究的可靠性。 4．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“On a normal day the cameras placed around Yanachaga National Park record between 5 and 15 animals. But in the 23 days before the earthquake, the number of animals dropped to five or fewer per day. No animals were photographed at all on five of the seven days immediately before the quake. (在平常的一天，放置在Yanachaga国家公园周围的摄像机记录了5到15只动物。但在地震前的23天，动物的数量下降到每天5只或更少。在地震前的七天中，有五天根本没有拍摄到任何动物)”可知，在地震前后摄像机捕捉到的动物的图像的数量是有所变化的。由此可知，科学家通过分析他们获得的动物图像进行这项研究的。故选D。 5．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. They are thought to have escaped to lower ground, where the air was less ionized. (科学家认为，这些动物被正离子弄得感觉不舒服，导致它们避开该区域。他们被认为逃到了较低的地面，那里的空气电离程度较低。)”可知，从地震前的动物活动中可以推断出海拔较低的地面电离程度较低。故选A。 6．细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Scientists believe the animals were made to feel uncomfortable by the positive ions, leading them to avoid the area. (科学家认为，这些动物被正离子弄得感觉不舒服，导致它们避开该区域。)”可知，我们能从文章中了解到动物往往对较多的正离子感到不安。故选B。 7．主旨大意题。主要介绍了一项有可靠证据的研究，动物似乎通过感应空气中的电流来预测地震。科学家通过摄像机记录下地震前后捕捉到的动物行为的变化证明了这一项研究的可靠性。文章第一段讲到“Animal appear to predict earthquakes by sensing electricity in the air — the first study to find reliable evidence of the phenomenon has shown.(动物似乎可以通过感知空气中的电力来预测地震—这是第一项发现这种现象可靠证据的研究。)”可知，C项“地震前动物的行为”适合这篇文章的标题。故选C。 三、完形填空 His goal was to walk around the world. 27 years later, he's about to finish. In 1998, British 1 Karl Bushby looked down a road in Chile and set a 2 goal: walk all the way home to Hull, England — without using a single form of 3 . What he didn't know then was that it would stretch into a remarkable 27-year journey 4 continents, oceans, and history itself. Now, after walking 36,000 miles, 5 polar bears, swimming across seas, and navigating 6 visa setbacks, the 56-year-old ex-paratrooper (前伞兵) is 7 on the home stretch. Bushby began his adventure in Chile, trekking (跋涉) north through South and North America, eventually reaching Alaska. In 2006, he 8 one of the most dangerous legs of the journey: crossing the frozen Bering Strait into Siberia. 9 with a gun to scare off polar bears and forced to 10 between moving blocks of ice, he achieved what few people on Earth have ever done. His 11 didn't stop there. Bushby was held in Russia for entering incorrectly and banned for five years. Sponsorships 12 during the 2008 financial crisis. The pandemic stopped his progress. Visa issues left him 13 in Mexico for years. But he refused to quit. Bushby walks an average of 30km a day and rests wherever he can find 14 . His mission has outlasted five UK prime ministers, a global pandemic, and numerous wars — but his spirit remains as strong as it was in 1998. And the world is cheering him on as he enters the final chapter of one of the most 15 human endurance journeys ever attempted. 1．A．historian B．photographer C．adventurer D．journalist 2．A．realistic B．daring C．collective D．demanding 3．A．transport B．navigation C．communication D．equipment 4．A．connecting B．including C．covering D．overcoming 5．A．hunting B．feeding C．threatening D．surviving 6．A．scarce B．minor C．countless D．occasional 7．A．consequently B．randomly C．unexpectedly D．ultimately 8．A．attempted B．sought C．recognized D．advocated 9．A．Loaded B．Armed C．Confronted D．Provided 10．A．swap B．leap C．slip D．march 11．A．challenges B．achievements C．inspirations D．pursuits 12．A．used up B．pulled down C．backed down D．dried up 13．A．isolated B．settled C．rooted D．stuck 14．A．warmth B．company C．shelter D．comfort 15．A．extraordinary B．conventional C．universal D．historical 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．B 11．A 12．D 13．D 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国冒险家Karl Bushby从1998年开始计划徒步环游世界、不借助任何交通工具返回家乡，历经27年的艰险旅程与重重挑战后，即将完成这一非凡壮举的故事。 【详解】1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1998年，英国冒险家Karl Bushby眺望智利的一条道路，定下了一个大胆的目标：一路步行回到英国赫尔的家，全程不使用任何交通工具。A. historian历史学家；B. photographer摄影师；C. adventurer冒险家；D. journalist记者。根据下文“Bushby began his adventure in Chile”可知，他的身份是冒险家。故选C。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1998年，英国冒险家Karl Bushby眺望智利的一条道路，定下了一个大胆的目标：一路步行回到英国赫尔的家，全程不使用任何交通工具。A. realistic现实的；B. daring大胆的；C. collective集体的；D. demanding费力的。根据下文“walk all the way home to Hull, England — without using a single form of ____ ”可知，该目标极具胆识。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1998年，英国冒险家Karl Bushby眺望智利的一条道路，定下了一个大胆的目标：一路步行回到英国赫尔的家，全程不使用任何交通工具。A. transport交通工具；B. navigation导航；C. communication通讯；D. equipment设备。根据上文“walk all the way home”可知，此处指不使用各类交通工具。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时他还不知道，这段旅程会延伸成一段历时27年的非凡之旅，横跨各大洲、大洋，历经岁月变迁。A. connecting连接；B. including包含；C. covering覆盖、横跨；D. overcoming克服。根据下文“continents, oceans”可知，covering用于描述旅程的跨度。故选C。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，在徒步36000英里、死里逃生躲过北极熊、横渡海洋、应对无数签证阻碍后，这位56岁的前伞兵终于迎来了最后冲刺阶段。A. hunting捕猎；B. feeding投喂；C. threatening威胁；D. surviving从……中逃生。根据下文“polar bears”可知，此处指徒步者面对生命威胁时幸存了下来。故选D。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，在徒步36000英里、死里逃生躲过北极熊、横渡海洋、应对无数签证阻碍后，这位56岁的前伞兵终于迎来了最后冲刺阶段。A. scarce稀缺的；B. minor次要的；C. countless无数的；D. occasional偶尔的。根据下文“through South and North America, eventually reaching Alaska”、“Russia”以及“in Mexico for years”可知，签证阻碍数量极多。故选C。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如今，在徒步36000英里、死里逃生躲过北极熊、横渡海洋、应对无数签证阻碍后，这位56岁的前伞兵终于迎来了最后冲刺阶段。A. consequently因此；B. randomly随意地；C. unexpectedly意外地；D. ultimately最终、终于。根据上文“27 years later, he's about to finish”可知，此处表示最终步入收尾阶段。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2006年，他尝试了旅程中最危险的路段之一：穿越冰封的白令海峡，进入西伯利亚。A. attempted尝试；B. sought寻找；C. recognized辨认出，认可；D. advocated提倡。根据下文“he achieved what few people on Earth have ever done”可知，该路段难度极高，他尝试完成这一挑战。故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他带着一把枪防身，用以吓退北极熊，还被迫在漂浮移动的冰块间跳跃，他完成了世上极少有人能做到的事。A. Loaded装载；B. Armed配备、携带；C. Confronted面对；D. Provided提供。根据下文“with a gun”可知，此处用固定搭配armed with，表示“配备着、携带着”。故选B。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他带着一把枪防身，用以吓退北极熊，还被迫在漂浮移动的冰块间跳跃，他完成了世上极少有人能做到的事。A. swap交换；B. leap跳跃；C. slip滑倒；D. march行军。根据下文“moving blocks of ice”可知，徒步者需在冰块间跳跃前进。故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他面临的挑战并未就此止步。A. challenges挑战、困境；B. achievements成就；C. inspirations灵感；D. pursuits追求。根据下文“banned for five years”以及“the pandemic stopped his progress”可知，此处指各种挑战。故选A。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：2008年金融危机期间，他的赞助资金彻底中断。A. used up用完；B. pulled down拆毁；C. backed down退缩；D. dried up枯竭、中断。根据下文“2008 financial crisis”可知，此处用dried up，指“（资金、资源）断供”。故选D。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：签证问题让他在墨西哥滞留了数年之久。A. isolated孤立的；B. settled定居的；C. rooted扎根的；D. stuck滞留的。根据上文“visa issues”以及“the pandemic stopped his progress”可知，签证问题导致他滞留在墨西哥。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bushby平均每天步行30公里，只要能找到栖身之处就停下来休息。A. warmth温暖；B. company陪伴；C. shelter栖身之所、庇护处；D. comfort舒适。根据上文“walks an average of 30km a day”的户外徒步背景可知，Bushby的需求是遮风挡雨的地方。故选C。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他步入这场人类有史以来最非凡的耐力之旅的最后篇章时，全世界都在为他加油鼓劲。A. extraordinary非凡的；B. conventional传统的；C. universal普遍的；D. historical历史的。根据上文“27 years”以及“36,000 miles”可知，该旅程是非凡的。故选A。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 1 (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 2 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 3 (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 4 (declare) she had no plans 5 (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, “I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6 (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 7 because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 8 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 9 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 10 (wonder).” 【答案】 1．being 2．which 3．finally 4．declared 5．to retire 6．have made 7．but 8．saying 9．a 10．wonderful 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了九十岁高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工，依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作，没有退休的打算，她由此被评为“年度女士”。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：一位90岁的女性被称为“年度女性”，因为她是英国年龄最大的全职员工，每周仍工作40小时。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。 2．考查定语从句。句意：现在，艾琳·阿斯特伯里每天从早上9点工作到下午5点，在麦克格斯菲尔德的一家宠物店工作，这家店是她和已故的丈夫莱斯一起开的。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened的宾语，故填which。 3．考查副词。句意：她多年的辛勤工作终于得到了认可，一位顾客提名她为柴郡年度女性。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得到认可”，故填finally。 4．考查时态。句意：在领取“终身成就奖”时，自豪的艾琳宣布，她没有从已经成立36年的公司退休的打算。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had以及said可知，用一般过去时态，故填declared。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：在领取“终身成就奖”时，自豪的艾琳宣布，她没有从36岁的公司退休的打算。此处用不定式作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。 6．考查动词时态。句意：我喜欢来这里，看看我的家人和多年来结交的所有朋友。根据该定语从句中的时间状语over the years可知，此处用现在完成时，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have made。 7．考查连词。句意：我工作不是因为我必须工作，而是因为我想工作。此处用but与前文not呼应，构成“不是……而是……”之意，故填but。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们接到电话说她被选中时，我们以为这是个玩笑。前面已经有谓语动词got ，故此处用非谓语动词形式，作后置定语，根据say与其逻辑主语call是主动关系，故用现在分词，故填saying。 9．考查冠词。句意：当我们接到电话说她被选中时，我们以为这是个玩笑。此处joke为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 10．考查形容词。句意：这是美妙的。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $