活动标记 Unit 4 Body Language(复习讲义)英语人教版选择性必修第一册

2026-08-06
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摘要:

该高中英语单元复习讲义以“肢体语言跨文化交流”主题为核心,通过思维导图系统梳理动词-ing形式作宾语、表语的语法体系,用对比表格归纳vary、identical等核心词汇的词形变化、固定搭配及易混词辨析,构建“主题语境-词汇语法-写作应用”的递进知识脉络,清晰呈现重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“语境化分层练习”设计,如语法填空中结合不同文化肢体语言差异设置情境题,阅读理解选取职场肢体语言应用案例,培养语言能力和文化意识。配备高分写作万能句型及即时小练,基础学生可掌握核心用法,优秀学生能拓展表达维度,为教师精准教学和学生自主复习提供有力支持。

内容正文:

人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 4 Body Language(复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 主题语境:人与自我——了解肢体语言在跨文化交流中的功能与意义。 2. 掌握描述肢体动作、面部表情、手势及其文化内涵的核心词汇与短语。 3. 语法:掌握动词-ing形式作宾语、表语的用法。 4. 写作:掌握描述人物行为与心理状态的记叙文或观察记录的基本结构与表达方式。 复习重难点 重点:动词-ing形式在语境中的正确运用及辨识不同文化背景下肢体语言差异的关键表达。 难点:运用本单元词汇与语法,准确、连贯地描述他人的肢体语言并推断其心理活动与情感态度。 单元词汇 知识点1 vary vi. (根据情况)变化;改变 【词形变化】 various adj. 各种各样的;多样的 varied adj. 多变的;各式各样的 variety n. 多样性;种类;变化 【固定搭配】 (1)vary with 随……而变化 (2)vary from...to... 从……到……不等;在……之间变化 (3)a variety of = varieties of 各种各样的(修饰可数/不可数名词) 【词汇拓展】 同义词:change、alter、shift 改变;变化 反义词:stay constant、remain unchanged 保持不变 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义 考点提示 vary v. 变化、改变 动态动作,不及物动词 various adj. 各种各样的 静态修饰名词、事物 variety n. 多样性、种类 常考a variety of主谓一致 【易错提醒】 1. vary 为不及物动词,后接宾语必须加介词 with/from,不可直接接名词; 2. a variety of 作主语谓语用复数;the variety of 作主语谓语用单数,为主谓一致高频考点。 【拓展延伸】 本单元肢体语言、跨文化交际话题核心词汇,是高考读写高频核心词。多用于描述不同国家、文化、场景下,人们的手势、表情、社交肢体行为存在差异,是文化差异类作文万能词汇,词性转换、固定搭配、主谓一致为常年考点。 【即时小练】 People’s gestures and facial expressions vary ______ different social situations. 知识点2 appropriate adj. 合适的;恰当的 【词形变化】 appropriately adv. 适当地;恰当地 appropriateness n. 恰当;得体 inappropriate adj. 不恰当的;不得体的(反义词) 【固定搭配】 (1)be appropriate for/to sth. 适合……;适于…… (2)It is appropriate (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事是恰当的 (3)be appropriate that... (从句用虚拟语气:should+动词原形) 【词汇拓展】 同义词:suitable、proper、fit 合适的、恰当的 反义词:inappropriate、unsuitable、improper 不得体的、不合适的 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 appropriate 正式高级用词,侧重言行、举止、场景完全契合社交场合,适配肢体语言话题 suitable 普通用词,侧重条件、客观用途适配某物 proper 侧重符合社会规则、礼仪规范、标准流程 【易错提醒】 appropriate 后接that从句时,必须使用虚拟语气(should) do,是语法填空高频陷阱;副词形式appropriately多用于修饰社交行为、动作,写作高级替换properly。 【拓展延伸】 高考写作高分形容词,是人际交往、礼仪规范、跨文化交流话题核心词。专门用于描述社交场景中得体的肢体动作、表情、言行举止,可全方位替换普通基础词汇,大幅提升作文句式高级感。 【即时小练】 It is not appropriate ______ (stare) at others during daily communication. 知识点3 employ vt. 使用;应用;雇用 【词形变化】 employee n. 雇员;员工(被雇用者) employer n. 雇主;老板(雇用他人者) employment n. 就业;工作;雇用;使用 unemployment n. 失业;失业率(高考完形高频社会类词汇) 【固定搭配】 (1)employ sth. to do sth. 运用某物做某事(写作高级替换use) (2)employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 (3)be employed in (doing) sth. 从事/忙于某事 【词汇拓展】 表“使用”:use、utilize、apply(employ为最高级写作词汇) 表“雇用”:hire、engage 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义 考点提示 employ v. 雇用;使用 单元核心词,高级替换use deploy v. 部署、调度 形近干扰词,语义无关 employee n. 雇员;员工 被雇用者 employer n. 雇主;老板 雇用他人者,高频形近辨析 【易错提醒】 1. 写作中优先用employ替换基础词use,特指“有意识地运用方式、方法、肢体动作”; 2. 四类派生词词义完全不同,是词性转换、完形填空、短文改错必考组合。 【拓展延伸】 高考多义核心词汇,兼具“使用”和“雇用”两大核心语义。本单元重点考查“运用”含义,多用于描述人们运用手势、表情、肢体语言完成人际交流,是读后续写、议论文高级高频词汇。 【即时小练】 People often employ different gestures ______ (express) their inner feelings. 知识点4 break down 消除;分解;打破 【词义解析】 (机器)出故障;(情绪、谈判)崩溃;(物质)分解;(障碍、隔阂)消除、打破 【固定搭配】 (1)break down barriers 打破隔阂/消除障碍(本单元话题必考) (2)break down misunderstanding 消除误解 (3)break down into 分解为…… 【易混词辨析】 核心短语 核心释义 高考考点用法 break down 出故障;崩溃;消除;分解 本单元特指打破隔阂、消除障碍;无被动,读写高频 break up 分手;解散;破裂;拆分 多用于人际关系、群体解散、物体拆分场景 break out (灾难、冲突)爆发 必考无被动语态,主语为火灾、战争、争吵等 break away from 脱离;摆脱 摆脱束缚、脱离组织/传统,写作高级短语 break in/into 闯入;插嘴 break in 不及物;break into 及物,后接宾语 【易错提醒】 1. break out、break down 表主动含义,**无被动语态**,是改错、语法填空高频易错点; 2. 本单元话题固定考查“消除隔阂、打破障碍”语义,适配跨文化交流、人际交往写作。 【拓展延伸】 高考超高频动词短语,语义丰富、考查维度广。在肢体语言话题中,常用来描述得体的表情、手势、沟通方式能够打破文化差异带来的交流隔阂、化解人际误解,是读写题型万能高级短语。 【即时小练】 Proper body language can help us break ______ cultural barriers in cross-cultural communication. 知识点5 identical adj. 相同的;完全一致的 【词形变化】 identify vt. 识别;认出;确认;认定 identity n. 身份;同一性;文化特征 【固定搭配】 (1)be identical to/with... 与……完全相同/一致 (2)identify sb./sth. as... 认定某人/某物为…… (3)cultural identity 文化认同(单元话题高频短语) 【词汇拓展】 同义词:same、equal、uniform 相同的、一致的 反义词:different、distinct、various 不同的、有差异的 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义 考点提示 identical adj. 相同的;完全一致的 修饰事物、动作、观点,高级替换same,写作提分 identify vt. 识别;认出;确认 高考阅读高频,用于识别肢体语言、判断情绪 identity n. 身份;同一性;特征 文化话题高频:cultural identity 文化认同 【易错提醒】 1. 三词为高考顶级形近易混组合,词性、词义完全不同,语法填空、改错必考词形误用; 2. identical 侧重“完全一模一样、无任何差异”,语气强于普通词汇same。 【拓展延伸】 跨文化对比话题核心高级词汇,专门用于对比不同国家、民族的肢体语言、社交手势,描述其含义是否完全一致,是议论文对比论证、读写细节描写的高分词汇。 【即时小练】 Gestures carrying the same meaning are not always identical ______ different countries. 知识点6 barrier n. 隔阂;障碍 【词形变化】 barrier-free adj. 无障碍的 【固定搭配】 (1)a barrier to (doing) sth. (做)某事的障碍/隔阂(to为介词,高频易错) (2)cultural/language barrier 文化/语言隔阂 (3)break down a barrier 打破隔阂、消除障碍(联动break down考点) 【词汇拓展】 同义词:obstacle、hindrance 障碍、阻碍 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 barrier 侧重抽象的人际、文化、语言隔阂,适配本单元肢体交流、跨文化交际话题 obstacle 侧重具体实物障碍、人生困难、事业阻碍,不用于社交语境 【易错提醒】 固定搭配中to为介词,后接名词或动名词,不可接动词原形,是语法填空高频陷阱考点。 【拓展延伸】 本单元人际交往、跨文化交际核心名词,高考读写高频。多用于描述文化差异、肢体语言误解、语言不通造成的沟通隔阂,常与break down连用,是作文解决问题类万能搭配。 【即时小练】 Cultural differences may become a barrier ______ effective communication. 知识点7 approve vi. 赞成;同意 vt. 批准;通过 【词形变化】 approval n. 赞成;认可;批准(名词形式,高考高频词性转换) 【固定搭配】 (1)approve of (doing) sth. 赞成/认可(做)某事(高频必考) (2)approve a plan/proposal 批准计划/提议(及物动词用法) 【词汇拓展】 同义词:agree、consent(同意);confirm(批准) 反义词:disapprove v. 不赞成;反对 disapproval n. 反对;不认可 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义 考点提示 approve v. 赞成、批准 社交评价、官方审批高频词 prove v. 证明、证实 形近易混,语义无关 improve v. 改善、提高 形近高频陷阱词 【易错提醒】 1. 表示“主观赞成、认可”,不及物用法,必须加of(approve of doing); 2. 表示“官方批准、通过文件/方案”,为及物动词,直接接宾语,不加of; 3. 否定派生disapprove/disapproval为高考写作高级否定替换,可替换don’t agree。 【拓展延伸】 适用于人际交往、行为评价、公共规则话题,常用来描述人们对得体肢体语言、社交行为的认可或反对,词性转换、搭配辨析、反义词运用是读写高频考点。 【即时小练】 Most people do not approve of ______ (stare) at others in public, and their ______ (disapprove) is obvious. 知识点8 reliable adj. 可靠的;可信赖的 【词形变化】 rely vi. 依靠;信赖 reliance n. 依赖;信赖 unreliable adj. 不可靠的(反义词) 【固定搭配】 (1)a reliable person/source 可靠的人/可靠来源 (2)rely on sb./sth. 依靠、信赖某人/某物(动词核心搭配) 【词汇拓展】 同义词:trustworthy、dependable 可信赖的 反义词:unreliable、untrustworthy 不可靠的 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义 考点提示 reliable adj. 可靠的、可信赖的 修饰人、信息、肢体信号 available adj. 可获得的、有空的 形近干扰,语义无关 valuable adj. 有价值的、珍贵的 侧重事物价值,易拼写混淆 【易错提醒】 1. rely on 为高频固定搭配,无被动语态,是语法填空高频考点; 2. reliable/unreliable 为成对反义形容词,可替换基础词汇,提升写作评分。 【拓展延伸】 本单元人际判断话题核心词,多用于描述通过肢体语言判断他人情绪、态度是否真实可信,可用来修饰证据、信息、人物性格,是阅读推理题、写作评价类句型高频词汇。 知识点9 tendency n. 趋势;倾向 【词形变化】 tend vi. 倾向于;往往会 vt. 照料;护理 【固定搭配】 (1)have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向 (2)tend to do sth. 往往会做某事;倾向于做某事 【词汇拓展】 同义词:trend n. 趋势;inclination n. 意向、倾向 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义 考点提示 tendency n. 倾向、趋势 描述行为、情绪、社交趋势 tension n. 紧张、焦虑 形容人际、情绪紧张状态 tender adj. 温柔的、脆弱的 修饰性格、神态,形近易错 【易错提醒】 tend to do 为动词高频句型,无被动;have a tendency to do为名词短语高级替换,写作可替换sb. often do sth.,提升句式档次。 【拓展延伸】 肢体语言话题刚需词汇,专门用于描述不同人群、不同文化下,人们的表情、动作、社交行为存在固定倾向,适配读后续写人物行为描写、议论文现象总结。 【即时小练】 People have a tendency ______ (show) anxiety through unconscious body language. 知识点10 单元话题综合拓展 【高分写作句型】 Body language varies from culture to culture, and proper gestures can break down cultural barriers in cross-cultural communication. 肢体语言因文化而异,得体的手势能够打破跨文化交流中的文化隔阂。(文化差异话题万能句) 【话题分类词汇汇总】 词汇类别 核心词汇/短语 中文释义 差异对比类 vary、identical、by contrast、by comparison 变化、相同的、相比之下、相比较 解读表达类 reliable、tendency、identify 可靠判断、趋势倾向、识别确认 交流障碍类 barrier、break down、interaction、conflict 障碍、打破消除、交流互动、矛盾冲突 态度评价类 appropriate、approve、reliable、slight 恰当的、赞成、可靠的、轻微的 单元语法:-ing形式作宾语、表语 1、 单元核心语法思维导图(-ing形式作宾语、表语) 二、-ing形式作宾语和表语核心知识 本单元核心语法为动名词(-ing形式)作表语、作宾语,围绕单元“肢体语言、人际交流”话题展开,是高中非谓语动词核心考点。-ing形式具备名词属性,可在句中充当表语和宾语,侧重描述抽象行为、习惯性动作、事物属性特征。 (一)-ing形式作表语 项目 详细语法规则 例句 基本结构 主语 + 系动词(be) + doing(表语) Body language is communicating without words.(肢体语言是无需语言的交流。) 核心功能 用于解释主语的内容、性质、身份,主语和表语可互换位置,语义不变 语义侧重 侧重抽象、概括性的行为与特征,不表示正在进行的动作 Smiling is showing friendliness to others.(微笑是向他人表达友好的方式。) (2) -ing形式作表语 VS 现在进行时辨析 语法结构 核心区别 例句对比 -ing作表语 说明主语性质、定义,无动作正在发生的含义,主表可互换 His job is observing others’ body language.(他的工作是观察他人的肢体语言。) 现在进行时 表示主语正在进行的动作,强调动作瞬时性,主表不可互换 He is observing others’ body language now.(他此刻正在观察他人的肢体语言。) 三、-ing形式作宾语核心用法 动名词作宾语是本单元重中之重,核心分为三类:只能接doing的动词、接doing/to do语义不同的动词、介词后固定接doing,全部贴合课本单元重点词汇。 (一)固定只接-ing作宾语的高频动词 高频核心动词 中文释义 例句 avoid 避免 We should avoid making rude body gestures in communication.(我们在交流中应避免做出粗鲁的肢体动作。) practice 练习 She practices reading others’ body language every day.(她每天练习解读他人的肢体语言。) suggest 建议 He suggests paying attention to eye contact in public.(他建议在公共场合注意眼神交流。) enjoy 享受 People enjoy being treated with respect through body language.(人们享受通过肢体语言被尊重的感觉。) miss 错过 Don’t miss noticing the subtle changes in facial expressions.(不要错过面部表情的细微变化。) (3) 可接doing/to do,语义差异极大的重点动词 动词 doings 用法及语义 to do 用法及语义 对比例句 remember 记得做过某事(已完成) 记得要做某事(未完成) I remember talking with him about body language.(我记得和他聊过肢体语言。)I remember to learn more about non-verbal communication.(我记得要多学习非语言交流知识。) forget 忘记做过某事(已完成) 忘记要做某事(未完成) He forgot meeting her at a body language lecture.(他忘记曾在肢体语言讲座上见过她。)He forgot to observe others’ gestures.(他忘记去观察他人的手势。) regret 后悔做过某事(已发生) 遗憾/抱歉要做某事(未发生) She regrets ignoring his body signals.(她后悔忽略了他的肢体信号。) (三)介词后固定接-ing作宾语 所有介词后面若接动词,必须使用-ing形式,是单元语法填空必考点,适配交流、肢体动作相关场景。 常用介词搭配 例句 be good at doing He is good at understanding silent body language.(他擅长理解无声的肢体语言。) pay attention to doing We should pay attention to using proper gestures in communication.(我们要注意在交流中使用得体的手势。) be used to doing People are used to reading facial expressions in daily life.(人们习惯在日常生活中解读面部表情。) 四、重难点整体辨析 语法用法 核心功能 语义特征 -ing作表语 解释主语的性质、内容、属性 抽象概括,无进行时态含义 -ing作宾语 跟在动词/介词后,充当动作对象 多表习惯、已完成、抽象性行为 to do作宾语 跟在特定动词后充当宾语 多表具体、单次、将来的动作 五、单元语法易错点汇总 固定搭配误区:suggest/avoid/enjoy/miss 后只能接doing,绝对不能接to do,是短文改错高频考点。 介词后误用误区:to作介词时(pay attention to/be used to),后接doing,切勿误用动词原形。 时态混淆误区:区分-ing作表语与现在进行时,表语表属性,进行时表正在发生的动作。 动词语义误区:remember/forget/regret 接doing表过去动作,接to do表未来未发生动作,不可混用。 (时间:30分钟) 一、单词拼写 1.I didn't feel______(尴尬) or frightened at all. 2.He spent weeks ________ (恢复) from the flu, during which time he caught up on reading and watched many movies he had missed due to his busy schedule. 3.Traditional values have difficulty _________ (存活) in the face of rapid modernization. 4.Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings, which ___ (区分) him from other landscape poets. 5.The teacher who earns respect from his students is expert in ________ out (显现) the best in them. 6.There is a growing _____ (趋势;趋向) towards earlier retirement. 7.When we feel offended by someone, we can tell him to his face instead of _________ (抱怨) behind his back. 8.Your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of ________ (反思) on how you learn. 9.I will never quit ________ (申请) for a job in my favourite company. 10.He's the most ________ (可靠的) friend I've ever had, because I can always depend on him. 二、阅读理解 A Are you aware that you use body language when communicating with others? What body postures, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements do you usually use? Research has suggested that about 65% of meaning in human communication comes from non-verbal behavior. 1 . Here are some body language tips to build more open connections with others. Smile. The simplest way to start a positive relationship is to smile. When looking into someone's eyes, smile as if you see something in their eyes that makes you happy. 2 Personal space. Keep the space open before your upper body. Try not to fold your arms, put your bag on your lap, hug your bag, or do anything that covers up the upper front part of your body. 3 . On the other hand, closing the space in front of you sends the message of “Don't talk to me. I'm not interested to engage with anyone”. Have eye contact. Eye contact helps establish connections and lets other people know you are listening. 4 . Just look away from time to time to give them some space. 5 . Wear your emotions on your face. If you feel sad, then express sadness. If you feel surprised, express surprise. If you feel happy, express happiness. Don't keep your emotions inside yourself. A powerful gesture will show your charm, which will make you more confident. These tips will help you make more friends and work towards a more connective and inclusive society. A.But don't stare B.But don't laugh out loud C.Be open with your emotions D.Be aware of what your body is saying E.Keeping the area open will make you more approachable F.Sometimes body language even makes up as much as 90% G.Body language sometimes carries hidden meanings and emotions B How Body Language Can Help Your Career Many businessmen often underestimate the importance of nonverbal communication — which is often half the message. 6 Imagine how much more effective your next meeting with your boss could be if only you give your nonverbal communication a little attention. These four tips can help you avoid that common mistake so you can use your body language to gain an advantage in your career. Triple Nod to Show You're Engaged 7 One way you can do this non-verbally is to use the triple head nod. Three quick, small nods in a row is the nonverbal sign for “tell me more” or “I hear you, explain.” It is a great way to show that you are interested and involved. Don't Underestimate the Power of the Hands Our hands speak volumes about who we are. Our brain pays attention to hands more than any other body part because we have evolved to look at them as a safety tool to make sure people won't attack us. Whenever you have meetings, keep your hands above the table. 8 Stop Using Nervous Behaviors Learn to stop displaying nervous body language so you don't risk appearing anxious or incompetent. The most common behaviors are: wringing hands, rubbing arms, biting lips. 9 Ask a friend to tell you if they notice you're displaying any of the above behaviors. Once you know what they are, you can take actions to stop them. Mirror Other People Professionals who mirror clients' body language are more successful than those who don't. If you're a fast-talker, slowing down your speech to match the person you're talking to helps put you on the same level. 10 Copying someone's closed off body language or negative tone will only increase the tension between you. A.Of course, only follow positive behaviors. B.Hold your body in a similar way as they do. C.Show you are interested in the people you speak with. D.Focus on keeping your body there unless you need to use it. E.You'll be able to use the crucial tool for delivering messages. F.Sometimes it can be hard to identify what your signs of anxiety are. G.Most people plan what they will say, but they ignore their body language. 三、完形填空 This story happened years ago. A carefully planned event started with Mike setting out for a 1 with his friend Olivia around their community on Saturday. As Mike and Olivia wandered, an elderly man 2 them. The elderly man gave a standard gesture for “hello” used by 3 individuals. At first, Mike felt 4 and thought, “Why is he 5 differently today?” When they reached the food store, the shopkeeper also 6 to them to fetch freshly baked cookies. This left them even more at a(n) 7 . As Mike and Olivia left the store, a man dropped his fruits in a panic. They helped 8 them up without hesitation. 9 , the man told them in sign language to take an apple each in return. Mike began to notice a pattern in these 10 interactions. Then Mike and Olivia came to the community square, where everything 11 . “Hi, children. We'd like to prepare a surprise for you, because living in a world without 12 is our dream as well,” a familiar woman said in sign language. No wonder Mike and Olivia communicated well with the people they had met. She 13 that the whole thing was part of a community campaign designed to help people like Mike and Olivia, who suffered from hearing loss. The truth finally emerged. In just one month, the people on the way had secretly managed to master sign language for Mike and Olivia. Realizing the 14 made on their behalf, Mike and Olivia were moved to tears. This moment underscored the power of empathy and the beauty of the 15 world. 1.A.living B.walk C.service D.strike 2.A.greeted B.convinced C.praised D.acknowledged 3.A.rude B.mad C.deaf D.blind 4.A.merry B.content C.frightened D.confused 5.A.behaving B.dreaming C.wandering D.hugging 6.A.proved B.signaled C.applied D.explained 7.A.cost B.loss C.angle D.distance 8.A.pick B.put C.wake D.clean 9.A.Nevertheless B.Otherwise C.Moreover D.Somehow 10.A.indifferent B.extreme C.unusual D.humorous 11.A.made progress B.made sense C.made a profit D.made an agreement 12.A.campaigns B.needs C.barriers D.tears 13.A.regretted B.urged C.understood D.revealed 14.A.assumptions B.promises C.suggestions D.efforts 15.A.inclusive B.administrative C.primitive D.competitive 四、语法填空 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Body language is important in our interactions with other people. It gives us information about their feelings. Just like spoken language, body language 1 (vary) from culture to culture. It is crucial that we use body language in a way 2 is appropriate to the culture we are in. For example, making eye contact is a way to display interest in some countries. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved 3 . The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different countries. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person 4 (employ) the gesture might think it means money. In France, the same gesture means zero. Even the gesture 5 (use) for “yes” and “no” by us differ around the world. In many countries, shaking one's head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By 6 (compare), in Bulgaria and 7 (south) Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. 8 good way of saying “I'm full” is moving your hand in 9 (circle) around your stomach after a meal. Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the 10 (good) example is smiling, which can help us greatly in many ways. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 1 / 27 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 人教版选择性必修第一册Unit 4 Body Language(复习讲义) 复习要点 1. 主题语境:人与自我——了解肢体语言在跨文化交流中的功能与意义。 2. 掌握描述肢体动作、面部表情、手势及其文化内涵的核心词汇与短语。 3. 语法:掌握动词-ing形式作宾语、表语的用法。 4. 写作:掌握描述人物行为与心理状态的记叙文或观察记录的基本结构与表达方式。 复习重难点 重点:动词-ing形式在语境中的正确运用及辨识不同文化背景下肢体语言差异的关键表达。 难点:运用本单元词汇与语法,准确、连贯地描述他人的肢体语言并推断其心理活动与情感态度。 单元词汇 知识点1 vary vi. (根据情况)变化;改变 【词形变化】 various adj. 各种各样的;多样的 varied adj. 多变的;各式各样的 variety n. 多样性;种类;变化 【固定搭配】 (1)vary with 随……而变化 (2)vary from...to... 从……到……不等;在……之间变化 (3)a variety of = varieties of 各种各样的(修饰可数/不可数名词) 【词汇拓展】 同义词:change、alter、shift 改变;变化 反义词:stay constant、remain unchanged 保持不变 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义 考点提示 vary v. 变化、改变 动态动作,不及物动词 various adj. 各种各样的 静态修饰名词、事物 variety n. 多样性、种类 常考a variety of主谓一致 【易错提醒】 1. vary 为不及物动词,后接宾语必须加介词 with/from,不可直接接名词; 2. a variety of 作主语谓语用复数;the variety of 作主语谓语用单数,为主谓一致高频考点。 【拓展延伸】 本单元肢体语言、跨文化交际话题核心词汇,是高考读写高频核心词。多用于描述不同国家、文化、场景下,人们的手势、表情、社交肢体行为存在差异,是文化差异类作文万能词汇,词性转换、固定搭配、主谓一致为常年考点。 【即时小练】 People’s gestures and facial expressions vary ______ different social situations. 答案:with 解析:vary with 为固定搭配,意为“随……而变化”,贴合肢体语言随场景改变的语境。 知识点2 appropriate adj. 合适的;恰当的 【词形变化】 appropriately adv. 适当地;恰当地 appropriateness n. 恰当;得体 inappropriate adj. 不恰当的;不得体的(反义词) 【固定搭配】 (1)be appropriate for/to sth. 适合……;适于…… (2)It is appropriate (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事是恰当的 (3)be appropriate that... (从句用虚拟语气:should+动词原形) 【词汇拓展】 同义词:suitable、proper、fit 合适的、恰当的 反义词:inappropriate、unsuitable、improper 不得体的、不合适的 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 appropriate 正式高级用词,侧重言行、举止、场景完全契合社交场合,适配肢体语言话题 suitable 普通用词,侧重条件、客观用途适配某物 proper 侧重符合社会规则、礼仪规范、标准流程 【易错提醒】 appropriate 后接that从句时,必须使用虚拟语气(should) do,是语法填空高频陷阱;副词形式appropriately多用于修饰社交行为、动作,写作高级替换properly。 【拓展延伸】 高考写作高分形容词,是人际交往、礼仪规范、跨文化交流话题核心词。专门用于描述社交场景中得体的肢体动作、表情、言行举止,可全方位替换普通基础词汇,大幅提升作文句式高级感。 【即时小练】 It is not appropriate ______ (stare) at others during daily communication. 答案:to stare 解析:固定句型It is appropriate to do sth. 做某事是恰当的,为高频必考句式。 知识点3 employ vt. 使用;应用;雇用 【词形变化】 employee n. 雇员;员工(被雇用者) employer n. 雇主;老板(雇用他人者) employment n. 就业;工作;雇用;使用 unemployment n. 失业;失业率(高考完形高频社会类词汇) 【固定搭配】 (1)employ sth. to do sth. 运用某物做某事(写作高级替换use) (2)employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事 (3)be employed in (doing) sth. 从事/忙于某事 【词汇拓展】 表“使用”:use、utilize、apply(employ为最高级写作词汇) 表“雇用”:hire、engage 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义 考点提示 employ v. 雇用;使用 单元核心词,高级替换use deploy v. 部署、调度 形近干扰词,语义无关 employee n. 雇员;员工 被雇用者 employer n. 雇主;老板 雇用他人者,高频形近辨析 【易错提醒】 1. 写作中优先用employ替换基础词use,特指“有意识地运用方式、方法、肢体动作”; 2. 四类派生词词义完全不同,是词性转换、完形填空、短文改错必考组合。 【拓展延伸】 高考多义核心词汇,兼具“使用”和“雇用”两大核心语义。本单元重点考查“运用”含义,多用于描述人们运用手势、表情、肢体语言完成人际交流,是读后续写、议论文高级高频词汇。 【即时小练】 People often employ different gestures ______ (express) their inner feelings. 答案:to express 解析:employ sth. to do sth. 固定结构,不定式作目的状语,表“运用某物做某事”。 知识点4 break down 消除;分解;打破 【词义解析】 (机器)出故障;(情绪、谈判)崩溃;(物质)分解;(障碍、隔阂)消除、打破 【固定搭配】 (1)break down barriers 打破隔阂/消除障碍(本单元话题必考) (2)break down misunderstanding 消除误解 (3)break down into 分解为…… 【易混词辨析】 核心短语 核心释义 高考考点用法 break down 出故障;崩溃;消除;分解 本单元特指打破隔阂、消除障碍;无被动,读写高频 break up 分手;解散;破裂;拆分 多用于人际关系、群体解散、物体拆分场景 break out (灾难、冲突)爆发 必考无被动语态,主语为火灾、战争、争吵等 break away from 脱离;摆脱 摆脱束缚、脱离组织/传统,写作高级短语 break in/into 闯入;插嘴 break in 不及物;break into 及物,后接宾语 【易错提醒】 1. break out、break down 表主动含义,**无被动语态**,是改错、语法填空高频易错点; 2. 本单元话题固定考查“消除隔阂、打破障碍”语义,适配跨文化交流、人际交往写作。 【拓展延伸】 高考超高频动词短语,语义丰富、考查维度广。在肢体语言话题中,常用来描述得体的表情、手势、沟通方式能够打破文化差异带来的交流隔阂、化解人际误解,是读写题型万能高级短语。 【即时小练】 Proper body language can help us break ______ cultural barriers in cross-cultural communication. 答案:down 解析:break down 固定短语,此处表示“打破、消除(障碍、隔阂)”,贴合单元话题语境。 知识点5 identical adj. 相同的;完全一致的 【词形变化】 identify vt. 识别;认出;确认;认定 identity n. 身份;同一性;文化特征 【固定搭配】 (1)be identical to/with... 与……完全相同/一致 (2)identify sb./sth. as... 认定某人/某物为…… (3)cultural identity 文化认同(单元话题高频短语) 【词汇拓展】 同义词:same、equal、uniform 相同的、一致的 反义词:different、distinct、various 不同的、有差异的 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义 考点提示 identical adj. 相同的;完全一致的 修饰事物、动作、观点,高级替换same,写作提分 identify vt. 识别;认出;确认 高考阅读高频,用于识别肢体语言、判断情绪 identity n. 身份;同一性;特征 文化话题高频:cultural identity 文化认同 【易错提醒】 1. 三词为高考顶级形近易混组合,词性、词义完全不同,语法填空、改错必考词形误用; 2. identical 侧重“完全一模一样、无任何差异”,语气强于普通词汇same。 【拓展延伸】 跨文化对比话题核心高级词汇,专门用于对比不同国家、民族的肢体语言、社交手势,描述其含义是否完全一致,是议论文对比论证、读写细节描写的高分词汇。 【即时小练】 Gestures carrying the same meaning are not always identical ______ different countries. 答案:to/with 解析:be identical to/with 均为固定搭配,意为“与……完全相同、一致”。 知识点6 barrier n. 隔阂;障碍 【词形变化】 barrier-free adj. 无障碍的 【固定搭配】 (1)a barrier to (doing) sth. (做)某事的障碍/隔阂(to为介词,高频易错) (2)cultural/language barrier 文化/语言隔阂 (3)break down a barrier 打破隔阂、消除障碍(联动break down考点) 【词汇拓展】 同义词:obstacle、hindrance 障碍、阻碍 【易混词辨析】 单词 词义辨析 barrier 侧重抽象的人际、文化、语言隔阂,适配本单元肢体交流、跨文化交际话题 obstacle 侧重具体实物障碍、人生困难、事业阻碍,不用于社交语境 【易错提醒】 固定搭配中to为介词,后接名词或动名词,不可接动词原形,是语法填空高频陷阱考点。 【拓展延伸】 本单元人际交往、跨文化交际核心名词,高考读写高频。多用于描述文化差异、肢体语言误解、语言不通造成的沟通隔阂,常与break down连用,是作文解决问题类万能搭配。 【即时小练】 Cultural differences may become a barrier ______ effective communication. 答案:to 解析:a barrier to sth. 固定搭配,to为介词,表“……的障碍/隔阂”。 知识点7 approve vi. 赞成;同意 vt. 批准;通过 【词形变化】 approval n. 赞成;认可;批准(名词形式,高考高频词性转换) 【固定搭配】 (1)approve of (doing) sth. 赞成/认可(做)某事(高频必考) (2)approve a plan/proposal 批准计划/提议(及物动词用法) 【词汇拓展】 同义词:agree、consent(同意);confirm(批准) 反义词:disapprove v. 不赞成;反对 disapproval n. 反对;不认可 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义 考点提示 approve v. 赞成、批准 社交评价、官方审批高频词 prove v. 证明、证实 形近易混,语义无关 improve v. 改善、提高 形近高频陷阱词 【易错提醒】 1. 表示“主观赞成、认可”,不及物用法,必须加of(approve of doing); 2. 表示“官方批准、通过文件/方案”,为及物动词,直接接宾语,不加of; 3. 否定派生disapprove/disapproval为高考写作高级否定替换,可替换don’t agree。 【拓展延伸】 适用于人际交往、行为评价、公共规则话题,常用来描述人们对得体肢体语言、社交行为的认可或反对,词性转换、搭配辨析、反义词运用是读写高频考点。 【即时小练】 Most people do not approve of ______ (stare) at others in public, and their ______ (disapprove) is obvious. 答案:staring;disapproval 解析:第一空,approve of后接动名词;第二空,形容词性物主代词后接名词disapproval,表“不赞同”。 知识点8 reliable adj. 可靠的;可信赖的 【词形变化】 rely vi. 依靠;信赖 reliance n. 依赖;信赖 unreliable adj. 不可靠的(反义词) 【固定搭配】 (1)a reliable person/source 可靠的人/可靠来源 (2)rely on sb./sth. 依靠、信赖某人/某物(动词核心搭配) 【词汇拓展】 同义词:trustworthy、dependable 可信赖的 反义词:unreliable、untrustworthy 不可靠的 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义 考点提示 reliable adj. 可靠的、可信赖的 修饰人、信息、肢体信号 available adj. 可获得的、有空的 形近干扰,语义无关 valuable adj. 有价值的、珍贵的 侧重事物价值,易拼写混淆 【易错提醒】 1. rely on 为高频固定搭配,无被动语态,是语法填空高频考点; 2. reliable/unreliable 为成对反义形容词,可替换基础词汇,提升写作评分。 【拓展延伸】 本单元人际判断话题核心词,多用于描述通过肢体语言判断他人情绪、态度是否真实可信,可用来修饰证据、信息、人物性格,是阅读推理题、写作评价类句型高频词汇。 知识点9 tendency n. 趋势;倾向 【词形变化】 tend vi. 倾向于;往往会 vt. 照料;护理 【固定搭配】 (1)have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向 (2)tend to do sth. 往往会做某事;倾向于做某事 【词汇拓展】 同义词:trend n. 趋势;inclination n. 意向、倾向 【易混词辨析】 单词 词性 词义 考点提示 tendency n. 倾向、趋势 描述行为、情绪、社交趋势 tension n. 紧张、焦虑 形容人际、情绪紧张状态 tender adj. 温柔的、脆弱的 修饰性格、神态,形近易错 【易错提醒】 tend to do 为动词高频句型,无被动;have a tendency to do为名词短语高级替换,写作可替换sb. often do sth.,提升句式档次。 【拓展延伸】 肢体语言话题刚需词汇,专门用于描述不同人群、不同文化下,人们的表情、动作、社交行为存在固定倾向,适配读后续写人物行为描写、议论文现象总结。 【即时小练】 People have a tendency ______ (show) anxiety through unconscious body language. 答案:to show 解析:固定搭配have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向。 知识点10 单元话题综合拓展 【高分写作句型】 Body language varies from culture to culture, and proper gestures can break down cultural barriers in cross-cultural communication. 肢体语言因文化而异,得体的手势能够打破跨文化交流中的文化隔阂。(文化差异话题万能句) 【话题分类词汇汇总】 词汇类别 核心词汇/短语 中文释义 差异对比类 vary、identical、by contrast、by comparison 变化、相同的、相比之下、相比较 解读表达类 reliable、tendency、identify 可靠判断、趋势倾向、识别确认 交流障碍类 barrier、break down、interaction、conflict 障碍、打破消除、交流互动、矛盾冲突 态度评价类 appropriate、approve、reliable、slight 恰当的、赞成、可靠的、轻微的 单元语法:-ing形式作宾语、表语 1、 单元核心语法思维导图(-ing形式作宾语、表语) 二、-ing形式作宾语和表语核心知识 本单元核心语法为动名词(-ing形式)作表语、作宾语,围绕单元“肢体语言、人际交流”话题展开,是高中非谓语动词核心考点。-ing形式具备名词属性,可在句中充当表语和宾语,侧重描述抽象行为、习惯性动作、事物属性特征。 (一)-ing形式作表语 项目 详细语法规则 例句 基本结构 主语 + 系动词(be) + doing(表语) Body language is communicating without words.(肢体语言是无需语言的交流。) 核心功能 用于解释主语的内容、性质、身份,主语和表语可互换位置,语义不变 语义侧重 侧重抽象、概括性的行为与特征,不表示正在进行的动作 Smiling is showing friendliness to others.(微笑是向他人表达友好的方式。) (二)-ing形式作表语 VS 现在进行时辨析 语法结构 核心区别 例句对比 -ing作表语 说明主语性质、定义,无动作正在发生的含义,主表可互换 His job is observing others’ body language.(他的工作是观察他人的肢体语言。) 现在进行时 表示主语正在进行的动作,强调动作瞬时性,主表不可互换 He is observing others’ body language now.(他此刻正在观察他人的肢体语言。) 三、-ing形式作宾语核心用法 动名词作宾语是本单元重中之重,核心分为三类:只能接doing的动词、接doing/to do语义不同的动词、介词后固定接doing,全部贴合课本单元重点词汇。 (一)固定只接-ing作宾语的高频动词 高频核心动词 中文释义 例句 avoid 避免 We should avoid making rude body gestures in communication.(我们在交流中应避免做出粗鲁的肢体动作。) practice 练习 She practices reading others’ body language every day.(她每天练习解读他人的肢体语言。) suggest 建议 He suggests paying attention to eye contact in public.(他建议在公共场合注意眼神交流。) enjoy 享受 People enjoy being treated with respect through body language.(人们享受通过肢体语言被尊重的感觉。) miss 错过 Don’t miss noticing the subtle changes in facial expressions.(不要错过面部表情的细微变化。) (二)可接doing/to do,语义差异极大的重点动词 动词 doings 用法及语义 to do 用法及语义 对比例句 remember 记得做过某事(已完成) 记得要做某事(未完成) I remember talking with him about body language.(我记得和他聊过肢体语言。)I remember to learn more about non-verbal communication.(我记得要多学习非语言交流知识。) forget 忘记做过某事(已完成) 忘记要做某事(未完成) He forgot meeting her at a body language lecture.(他忘记曾在肢体语言讲座上见过她。)He forgot to observe others’ gestures.(他忘记去观察他人的手势。) regret 后悔做过某事(已发生) 遗憾/抱歉要做某事(未发生) She regrets ignoring his body signals.(她后悔忽略了他的肢体信号。) (三)介词后固定接-ing作宾语 所有介词后面若接动词,必须使用-ing形式,是单元语法填空必考点,适配交流、肢体动作相关场景。 常用介词搭配 例句 be good at doing He is good at understanding silent body language.(他擅长理解无声的肢体语言。) pay attention to doing We should pay attention to using proper gestures in communication.(我们要注意在交流中使用得体的手势。) be used to doing People are used to reading facial expressions in daily life.(人们习惯在日常生活中解读面部表情。) 四、重难点整体辨析 语法用法 核心功能 语义特征 -ing作表语 解释主语的性质、内容、属性 抽象概括,无进行时态含义 -ing作宾语 跟在动词/介词后,充当动作对象 多表习惯、已完成、抽象性行为 to do作宾语 跟在特定动词后充当宾语 多表具体、单次、将来的动作 五、单元语法易错点汇总 固定搭配误区:suggest/avoid/enjoy/miss 后只能接doing,绝对不能接to do,是短文改错高频考点。 介词后误用误区:to作介词时(pay attention to/be used to),后接doing,切勿误用动词原形。 时态混淆误区:区分-ing作表语与现在进行时,表语表属性,进行时表正在发生的动作。 动词语义误区:remember/forget/regret 接doing表过去动作,接to do表未来未发生动作,不可混用。 (时间:30分钟) 一、单词拼写 1.I didn't feel______(尴尬) or frightened at all. 【答案】embarrassed/awkward 【详解】考查形容词。句意:我一点也不觉得尴尬或害怕。feel后接形容词形式,在句中作表语。形容词“尴尬的”英文为embarrassed/awkward。根据汉语提示及句意,故填embarrassed/awkward。 2.He spent weeks ________ (恢复) from the flu, during which time he caught up on reading and watched many movies he had missed due to his busy schedule. 【答案】recovering 【详解】考查动词。句意:他花了数周时间从流感中恢复过来,在这段时间里,他赶上了阅读进度,还看了许多因日程繁忙而错过的电影。“恢复”用动词recover;“spend+时间+(in) doing sth”为固定搭配,意为“花费时间做某事”,所以应用动名词recovering作宾语。故填recovering。 3.Traditional values have difficulty _________ (存活) in the face of rapid modernization. 【答案】surviving 【详解】考查动名词。句意:——面对快速的现代化,传统价值观很难存续。have difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“做某事有困难”,“存活”为“survive”;所以此处用survive的动名词形式surviving作宾语。故填surviving。 4.Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings, which ___ (区分) him from other landscape poets. 【答案】distinguishes /discriminates /differentiates 【详解】考查动词时态。句意:同样令人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发,这让他有别于其他的山水诗人。根据句意,“将……区别于……”用动词短语distinguish/discriminate/differentiate…from。句子的主语是which代指“Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings”,表示单数,句子表述客观事实,故使用一般现在时,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填distinguishes/discriminates/differentiates。 5.The teacher who earns respect from his students is expert in ________ out (显现) the best in them. 【答案】bringing 【详解】考查动词。句意:赢得学生尊重的老师擅长显现他们身上的优点。根据汉语提示“显现”可知,此处应用动词短语bring out,用动名词bringing,作in的宾语。故填bringing。 6.There is a growing _____ (趋势;趋向) towards earlier retirement. 【答案】trend/tendency 【详解】考查名词。句意:人们越来越倾向于提前退休。根据汉语提示可知用名词trend或tendency,作主语,故填trend/tendency。 7.When we feel offended by someone, we can tell him to his face instead of _________ (抱怨) behind his back. 【答案】complaining 【详解】考查动名词。句意:当我们被某人冒犯时,我们可以当面告诉他,而不是在背后抱怨。instead of是介词短语,其后接动词时要用动名词形式。“抱怨”的英文是complain,其动名词形式为complaining。故填complaining。 8.Your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of ________ (反思) on how you learn. 【答案】reflecting 【详解】考查名词。句意:如果你养成反思如何学习的习惯,你作为学生的表现将会非常出色。“反思”为动词reflect,作of的宾语,用动名词形式。故填reflecting。 9.I will never quit ________ (申请) for a job in my favourite company. 【答案】applying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我永远不会放弃申请我最喜欢的公司的工作。根据汉语提示“申请”和句意及前文动词quit可知,此处应用动词apply的动名词作宾语,quit doing sth意为“停止正在做的事情”,符合句意。故填applying。 10.He's the most ________ (可靠的) friend I've ever had, because I can always depend on him. 【答案】reliable 【详解】考查形容词。句意:他是我有过的最可靠的朋友,因为我总是能依靠他。此处为形容词作定语,修饰名词“friend”,根据汉语提示“可靠的”可知,应为形容词reliable。故填reliable。 二、阅读理解 A Are you aware that you use body language when communicating with others? What body postures, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements do you usually use? Research has suggested that about 65% of meaning in human communication comes from non-verbal behavior. 1 . Here are some body language tips to build more open connections with others. Smile. The simplest way to start a positive relationship is to smile. When looking into someone's eyes, smile as if you see something in their eyes that makes you happy. 2 Personal space. Keep the space open before your upper body. Try not to fold your arms, put your bag on your lap, hug your bag, or do anything that covers up the upper front part of your body. 3 . On the other hand, closing the space in front of you sends the message of “Don't talk to me. I'm not interested to engage with anyone”. Have eye contact. Eye contact helps establish connections and lets other people know you are listening. 4 . Just look away from time to time to give them some space. 5 . Wear your emotions on your face. If you feel sad, then express sadness. If you feel surprised, express surprise. If you feel happy, express happiness. Don't keep your emotions inside yourself. A powerful gesture will show your charm, which will make you more confident. These tips will help you make more friends and work towards a more connective and inclusive society. A.But don't stare B.But don't laugh out loud C.Be open with your emotions D.Be aware of what your body is saying E.Keeping the area open will make you more approachable F.Sometimes body language even makes up as much as 90% G.Body language sometimes carries hidden meanings and emotions 【答案】1.F 2.B 3.E 4.A 5.C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍通过微笑、注意个人空间等肢体语言与他人建立良好联系的方法。 【详解】1.上文“Research has suggested that about 65% of meaning in human communication comes from non-verbal behavior.(研究表明,人类交流中约 65% 的意义来自非语言行为。)”指出人类交流中约65%的意义来自非语言行为,F选项“Sometimes body language even makes up as much as 90%(有时肢体语言甚至占比高达90%)”进一步强调肢体语言的重要性,与上文在数据上形成递进关系,突出肢体语言在交流中的关键作用,为下文引出肢体语言技巧做铺垫,符合语境。故选F项。 2.该段小标题为“Smile(微笑)”强调微笑的重要性,上文“When looking into someone's eyes, smile as if you see something in their eyes that makes you happy.(当注视着某人的眼睛时,微笑,就好像你在他们眼中看到了让你开心的东西。)”描述了微笑的方式,B选项“But don't laugh out loud(但不要大声笑)”与微笑相关,补充了微笑时的注意事项,进一步细化微笑的行为要求,与前文衔接紧密,符合语境。故选B项。 3.该段小标题为“Personal space(个人空间)”讲述个人空间相关内容,上文“Keep the space open before your upper body. Try not to fold your arms, put your bag on your lap, hug your bag, or do anything that covers up the upper front part of your body.(保持上半身前方的空间开放。尽量不要双臂交叉、把包放在腿上、抱着包,或者做任何遮挡上半身前部的事情。)” 建议保持上半身前方空间开放,E选项“Keeping the area open will make you more approachable(保持这个区域开放会让你更平易近人)”解释了保持空间开放的好处,承接上文,符合语境。故选E项。 4.该段小标题为“Have eye contact(进行眼神交流)”强调眼神交流的重要性。上文“Eye contact helps establish connections and lets other people know you are listening.(眼神交流有助于建立联系,并让其他人知道你在倾听。)”阐述了眼神交流的作用,下文“Just look away from time to time to give them some space.(偶尔移开视线,给他们一些空间。)”表示要时不时移开视线,A选项“But don't stare(但不要盯着看)”与主题内容一致,在眼神交流的度上给出建议,起到承上启下的作用,符合语境。故选A项。 5.下文“Wear your emotions on your face. If you feel sad, then express sadness. If you feel surprised, express surprise. If you feel happy, express happiness. Don't keep your emotions inside yourself.(把你的情绪表现在脸上。如果你感到悲伤,那就表达悲伤。如果你感到惊讶,就表达惊讶。如果你感到快乐,就表达快乐。不要把情绪藏在心里。)”强调要坦率地表达情绪,C选项“Be open with your emotions(坦率表达你的情绪)”为祈使句,与其它段落的小标题句式一致,且准确概括了该段内容,符合语境。故选C项。 B How Body Language Can Help Your Career Many businessmen often underestimate the importance of nonverbal communication — which is often half the message. 6 Imagine how much more effective your next meeting with your boss could be if only you give your nonverbal communication a little attention. These four tips can help you avoid that common mistake so you can use your body language to gain an advantage in your career. Triple Nod to Show You're Engaged 7 One way you can do this non-verbally is to use the triple head nod. Three quick, small nods in a row is the nonverbal sign for “tell me more” or “I hear you, explain.” It is a great way to show that you are interested and involved. Don't Underestimate the Power of the Hands Our hands speak volumes about who we are. Our brain pays attention to hands more than any other body part because we have evolved to look at them as a safety tool to make sure people won't attack us. Whenever you have meetings, keep your hands above the table. 8 Stop Using Nervous Behaviors Learn to stop displaying nervous body language so you don't risk appearing anxious or incompetent. The most common behaviors are: wringing hands, rubbing arms, biting lips. 9 Ask a friend to tell you if they notice you're displaying any of the above behaviors. Once you know what they are, you can take actions to stop them. Mirror Other People Professionals who mirror clients' body language are more successful than those who don't. If you're a fast-talker, slowing down your speech to match the person you're talking to helps put you on the same level. 10 Copying someone's closed off body language or negative tone will only increase the tension between you. A.Of course, only follow positive behaviors. B.Hold your body in a similar way as they do. C.Show you are interested in the people you speak with. D.Focus on keeping your body there unless you need to use it. E.You'll be able to use the crucial tool for delivering messages. F.Sometimes it can be hard to identify what your signs of anxiety are. G.Most people plan what they will say, but they ignore their body language. 【答案】6.G 7.C 8.E 9.F 10.A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了使用肢体语言的四个技巧,帮助你在职业生涯中获得优势。 【详解】6.上文“Many businessmen often underestimate the importance of nonverbal communication — which is often half the message. (许多商人往往低估了非言语沟通的重要性,而非言语沟通往往是信息的一半)”讲到商人在说话时往往只注重说什么而忽略了肢体语言,下文“Imagine how much more effective your next meeting with your boss could be if only you give your nonverbal communication a little attention. (想象一下,如果你能稍微关注一下你的非言语沟通,你下次与老板的会面会有多有效)”建议人们要注意肢体语言,该空应承接上下文指出人们会忽视肢体语言这一事实,G选项“大多数人计划好要说什么,但他们忽略了自己的肢体语言。”切合语境。故选G项。 7.由小标题“Triple Nod to Show You're Engaged (三次点头表明你被吸引了)”和下文“Three quick, small nods in a row is the nonverbal sign for “tell me more” or “I hear you, explain.” It is a great way to show that you are interested and involved. (连续三次快速的小点头是“告诉我更多”或“我听到了,解释一下”的非言语信号。这是一种很好的方式来表明你的兴趣和参与)”可知,上下文强调要通过肢体语言(本段主讲三次点头)展现出对交流对象的兴趣,C选项“表明你对与你交谈的人感兴趣。”切合语境。故选C项。 8.由小标题“Stop Using Nervous Behaviors (不要低估手的力量)”和上文“Our hands speak volumes about who we are. Our brain pays attention to hands more than any other body part because we have evolved to look at them as a safety tool to make sure people won't attack us. Whenever you have meetings, keep your hands above the table. (我们的双手充分说明了我们是谁。我们的大脑比任何其他身体部位都更关注手,因为我们已经进化到将手视为一种安全工具,以确保人们不会攻击我们。无论何时开会,都要把手放在桌子上方)”可知,本段强调肢体语言(本段主讲手的动作)的重要性,空前一句说要在开会时保持双手在桌子之上,推断这一空要说明为什么这样做的重要性,E选项“你将能够使用这个关键工具来传递信息。”切合语境。故选E项。 9.上文“Learn to stop displaying nervous body language so you don't risk appearing anxious or incompetent. The most common behaviors are: wringing hands, rubbing arms, biting lips. (学会停止展示紧张的肢体语言,这样你就不会冒着显得焦虑或无能的风险。最常见的行为是:扭着手、揉胳膊、咬嘴唇)”例举了让你感到焦虑或无能的紧张的肢体语言有哪些,下文“Ask a friend to tell you if they notice you're displaying any of the above behaviors. Once you know what they are, you can take actions to stop them. (让朋友告诉你,他们是否注意到你表现出上述任何行为。一旦你知道它们是什么,你就可以采取行动阻止它们)”讲到要让朋友告诉你你是否有这些紧张情绪表现,且一旦知道这些行为,就可以采取措施去阻止它们,因此该空内容与需要能够识别出这些会让人感到焦虑或无能的行为有关,F选项“有时很难识别你表现出哪些焦虑的信号。”切合语境,突出表明自己难以识别,引出下文讲请朋友帮忙识别。故选F项。 10.与下文“Copying someone's closed off body language or negative tone will only increase the tension between you. (模仿别人封闭的肢体语言或负面语气只会增加你们之间的紧张关系)” 形成对比,结合上文“If you're a fast-talker, slowing down your speech to match the person you're talking to helps put you on the same level. (如果你是一个健谈的人,放慢语速以匹配你正在交谈的人有助于让你处于同一水平)”可知,该段旨在说明模仿只应该针对正面的行为,A选项“当然,只遵循积极的行为。”切合语境。故选A项。 三、完形填空 This story happened years ago. A carefully planned event started with Mike setting out for a 1 with his friend Olivia around their community on Saturday. As Mike and Olivia wandered, an elderly man 2 them. The elderly man gave a standard gesture for “hello” used by 3 individuals. At first, Mike felt 4 and thought, “Why is he 5 differently today?” When they reached the food store, the shopkeeper also 6 to them to fetch freshly baked cookies. This left them even more at a(n) 7 . As Mike and Olivia left the store, a man dropped his fruits in a panic. They helped 8 them up without hesitation. 9 , the man told them in sign language to take an apple each in return. Mike began to notice a pattern in these 10 interactions. Then Mike and Olivia came to the community square, where everything 11 . “Hi, children. We'd like to prepare a surprise for you, because living in a world without 12 is our dream as well,” a familiar woman said in sign language. No wonder Mike and Olivia communicated well with the people they had met. She 13 that the whole thing was part of a community campaign designed to help people like Mike and Olivia, who suffered from hearing loss. The truth finally emerged. In just one month, the people on the way had secretly managed to master sign language for Mike and Olivia. Realizing the 14 made on their behalf, Mike and Olivia were moved to tears. This moment underscored the power of empathy and the beauty of the 15 world. 1.A.living B.walk C.service D.strike 2.A.greeted B.convinced C.praised D.acknowledged 3.A.rude B.mad C.deaf D.blind 4.A.merry B.content C.frightened D.confused 5.A.behaving B.dreaming C.wandering D.hugging 6.A.proved B.signaled C.applied D.explained 7.A.cost B.loss C.angle D.distance 8.A.pick B.put C.wake D.clean 9.A.Nevertheless B.Otherwise C.Moreover D.Somehow 10.A.indifferent B.extreme C.unusual D.humorous 11.A.made progress B.made sense C.made a profit D.made an agreement 12.A.campaigns B.needs C.barriers D.tears 13.A.regretted B.urged C.understood D.revealed 14.A.assumptions B.promises C.suggestions D.efforts 15.A.inclusive B.administrative C.primitive D.competitive 【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.D 14.D 15.A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为帮助有听力障碍的迈克和奥利维亚,社区人们学习手语,彰显共情力量与包容之美 。 【详解】1.考查名词词义辨析。句意:一个精心策划的活动开始于周六,迈克和他的朋友奥利维亚在社区周围散步。A. living生活;B. walk散步;C. service服务;D. strike罢工。根据后文“As Mike and Olivia wandered”可知,他们是在社区周围散步,故选B。 2.考查动词词义辨析。句意:当迈克和奥利维亚漫步时,一位老人向他们打招呼。A. greeted打招呼;B. convinced说服;C. praised赞扬;D. acknowledged承认。根据后文“The elderly man gave a standard gesture for “hello” used by  ____3____  individuals.”可知,老人是在向他们打招呼,故选A。 3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:老人做了一个聋哑人常用的标准“你好”手势。A. rude粗鲁的;B. mad疯狂的;C. deaf聋的;D. blind瞎的。根据后文“the man told them in sign language to take an apple each in return.”以及“In just one month, the people on the way had secretly managed to master sign language for Mike and Olivia.”可推知,社区的人们为迈克和奥利维亚学习了手语,所以此处表示老人做了一个聋哑人常用的标准手势,故选C。 4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:起初,迈克感到困惑,心想:“他今天为什么表现得不一样?”A. merry愉快的;B. content满意的;C. frightened害怕的;D. confused困惑的。根据后文“Why is he  ____5____  differently today?”可知,迈克对老人的行为感到困惑,故选D。 5.考查动词词义辨析。句意:起初,迈克感到困惑,心想:“他今天为什么表现得不一样?”A. behaving表现;B. dreaming梦想;C. wandering徘徊;D. hugging拥抱。根据前文“The elderly man gave a standard gesture for “hello” used by  ____3____  individuals.”可知,老人用手语打招呼,表现与平时不同,故选A。 6.考查动词词义辨析。句意:当他们到达食品店时,店主也向他们示意去拿刚烤好的饼干。A. proved证明;B. signaled示意;C. applied应用;D. explained解释。根据后文“to them to fetch freshly baked cookies”以及语境可知,迈克和奥利维亚遇见的人都在使用手语,推测此处表示店主示意他们去拿饼干,故选B。 7.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这让他们更加困惑。A. cost成本;B. loss损失;C. angle角度;D. distance距离。根据前文“At first, Mike felt  ____4____  and thought, “Why is he  ____5____  differently today?””以及“This left them even more”可知,迈克和奥利维亚对老人和店主的行为感到困惑,此处表示他们更加困惑了,at a loss表示“困惑不解”,故选B。 8.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们毫不犹豫地帮忙把水果捡起来。A. pick捡起;B. put放置;C. wake唤醒;D. clean打扫。根据前文“a man dropped his fruits in a panic”可知,有人掉了水果,他们帮忙把水果捡起来,故选A。 9.考查副词词义辨析。句意:不知怎么,那人用手语告诉他们每人拿一个苹果作为回报。A. Nevertheless然而;B. Otherwise否则;C. Moreover此外;D. Somehow不知怎么地。根据后文“the man told them in sign language to take an apple each in return. Mike began to notice a pattern in these ____10____ interactions.”可知,此处在进一步说明迈克和奥利维亚感到困惑,不知怎么,社区中的人都在使用手语和两人交流。故选D。 10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:迈克开始注意到这些不寻常的互动中的规律。A. indifferent冷漠的;B. extreme极端的;C. unusual不寻常的;D. humorous幽默的。根据前文“The elderly man gave a standard gesture for “hello” used by  ____3____  individuals.”、“When they reached the food store, the shopkeeper also  ____6____  to them to fetch freshly baked cookies.”以及“____9____ , the man told them in sign language to take an apple each in return.”可知,老人和店主等人的行为与平时不同,所以此处表示的是不寻常的互动,故选C。 11.考查动词短语辨析。句意:然后迈克和奥利维亚来到社区广场,在那里一切都可以理解了。A. made progress取得进展;B. made sense可以理解;C. made a profit盈利;D. made an agreement达成协议。根据后文“Hi, children. We'd like to prepare a surprise for you, because living in a world without  ____12____  is our dream as well,”以及“She ____13____ that the whole thing was part of a community campaign designed to help people like Mike and Olivia, who suffered from hearing loss.”可知,当迈克和奥利维亚来到了社区广场,他们弄清楚了大家的不寻常行为的原因,在这里一切都可以理解了,故选B。 12.考查名词词义辨析。句意:“嗨,孩子们。我们想给你们一个惊喜,因为生活在一个没有障碍的世界也是我们的梦想,”一位熟悉的女士用手语说。A. campaigns运动;B. needs需要;C. barriers障碍;D. tears眼泪。根据后文“who suffered from hearing loss”可知,迈克和奥利维亚有听力障碍,所以此处表示两人生活在一个没有听力障碍的世界里是大家的梦想,故选C。 13.考查动词词义辨析。句意:她透露,整个事情是一个社区活动的一部分,旨在帮助像迈克和奥利维亚这样有听力障碍的人。A. regretted后悔;B. urged催促;C. understood理解;D. revealed透露。根据后文“that the whole thing was part of a community campaign designed to help people like Mike and Olivia,”可知,女士透露了真相,故选D。 14.考查名词词义辨析。句意:意识到大家为他们所做的努力,迈克和奥利维亚感动得热泪盈眶。A. assumptions假设;B. promises承诺;C. suggestions建议;D. efforts努力。根据前文“In just one month, the people on the way had secretly managed to master sign language for Mike and Olivia.”可知,大家为迈克和奥利维亚学习手语,此处表示大家付出了努力,故选D。 15.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这一刻彰显了同理心的力量和包容世界的美好。A. inclusive包容的;B. administrative行政的;C. primitive原始的;D. competitive竞争的。根据前文“She  ____13____  that the whole thing was part of a community campaign designed to help people like Mike and Olivia, who suffered from hearing loss.”以及“In just one month, the people on the way had secretly managed to master sign language for Mike and Olivia.”可知,社区的人们为帮助有听力障碍的迈克和奥利维亚学习手语,体现了包容的世界的美好,故选A。 四、语法填空 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Body language is important in our interactions with other people. It gives us information about their feelings. Just like spoken language, body language 1 (vary) from culture to culture. It is crucial that we use body language in a way 2 is appropriate to the culture we are in. For example, making eye contact is a way to display interest in some countries. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved 3 . The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different countries. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person 4 (employ) the gesture might think it means money. In France, the same gesture means zero. Even the gesture 5 (use) for “yes” and “no” by us differ around the world. In many countries, shaking one's head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By 6 (compare), in Bulgaria and 7 (south) Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. 8 good way of saying “I'm full” is moving your hand in 9 (circle) around your stomach after a meal. Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the 10 (good) example is smiling, which can help us greatly in many ways. 【答案】 1.varies 2.that/which 3.of 4.employing 5.used 6.comparison 7.southern 8.A 9.circles 10.best 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出肢体语言在人际交往中很重要,且因文化而异,也提到有些手势的含义是通用的。 【详解】1.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:就像口语一样,肢体语言因文化而异。空处作句子的谓语,此处在描述一般性的事实,时态应用一般现在时,主语body language是单数,vary“不同,呈现差异”应用第三人称单数形式。故填varies。 2.考查定语从句。句意:重要的是,我们要以一种适合我们所处文化的方式使用肢体语言。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a way,先行词指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。 3.考查介词。句意:相比之下,在其他国家,眼神交流并不总是被认可的。approve of是固定短语,表示“赞成,认可”。故填of。 4.考查非谓语动词。句意:在日本,看到别人做这个手势的人可能会认为这是钱的意思。结合语境此处表示目睹另一个人正在使用这个手势,应用witness sb. doing sth.表示“目睹某人正在做某事”,用employ的现在分词形式作宾语补足语。故填employing。 5.考查非谓语动词。句意:就连我们表示“是”和“不是”的手势在世界各地也不一样。句子已有谓语,空处是非谓语,作the gesture的后置定语,use“使用”和the gesture逻辑上是被动关系,因此用use的过去分词形式。故填used。 6.考查名词。句意:相比之下,在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部,这些手势的意思正好相反。by comparison是固定短语,意为“相比之下”。故填comparison。 7.考查形容词。句意:相比之下,在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部,这些手势的意思正好相反。空处作修饰Albania的定语,应用south的形容词形式southern,意为“南部的”。故填southern。 8.考查冠词。句意:说“我吃饱了”的一个好方法是在饭后用手在肚子上转圈圈。空处表示泛指,意为“一个好方法”,应用不定冠词,且good的发音以辅音音素开头,应用a,句首单词的首字母需大写。故填A。 9.考查名词的数。句意:说“我吃饱了”的一个好方法是在饭后用手在肚子上转圈圈。in circles是固定短语,表示“转圈,循环”。故填circles。 10.考查最高级。句意:也许最好的例子是微笑,它可以在许多方面极大地帮助我们。空前有定冠词“the”,结合语境此处表示“最好的例子”,因此用good的最高级best。故填best。 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 1 / 27 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 4 Body Language(复习讲义)英语人教版选择性必修第一册
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Unit 4 Body Language(复习讲义)英语人教版选择性必修第一册
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Unit 4 Body Language(复习讲义)英语人教版选择性必修第一册
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