2027届高考英语二轮复习-语法填空专题讲义-北京卷真题命题逻辑解码与提分策略

2026-08-06
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摘要:

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦语法填空专题,以北京卷2021-2026年真题为依托,系统梳理动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词等核心考点,按“3篇短文式”命题结构构建知识网络。通过考点分布统计、命题逻辑解码、提分策略指导、真题实战演练的教学流程,帮助学生建立语法填空的解题框架,突破时态判断、非谓语功能识别等难点。 资料创新采用“时间线索→时态选择”快速通道、非谓语“功能+逻辑主语”双轨训练等策略,如2026年真题中“had forgotten”的过去完成时分析,培养学生语言能力和思维品质。配套核心词汇表与长难句拆解练习,强化学习能力,确保学生在有限时间内高效掌握考点,为教师精准把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

内容正文:

2027届高考英语二轮复习-语法填空专题讲义-北京卷-真题命题逻辑解码与提分策略 北京卷覆盖年份:2021-2026 命题趋势分析与教学建议 1. 考点分布统计与趋势对比 北京卷语法填空呈现“3篇短文式”命题结构(每年A/B/C三篇),考点覆盖全面,动词时态与非谓语动词为绝对核心,连词(定语从句)稳定考查。 原生词性 考查方向 考查功能 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 总计 名词 词性转换 名词变形容词 1 1 名词变动词 词形转换 名词复数 1 1 1 3 名词所有格 名词变名词 动词 词性转换 动词变名词 动词变形容词 1 1 词形转换 谓语动词 4 3 3 3 3 2 18 非谓语动词 3 2 3 3 2 3 16 形 容 词 词性转换 形容词变副词 1 1 2 形容词变名词 1 1 形容词&副词 词形转换 比较级 1 1 2 最高级 否定词 代词 词形转换 主格变其它 1 1 连词 句法逻辑 并列连词 从属连词 1 2 1 1 2 2 9 介词 句法逻辑 固定搭配等 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 2. 教学启示与备考策略 策略一:夯实动词时态语态基础,建立“时间线索→时态选择”快速通道 北京卷每年必考时态题(一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时交替出现),且常与主谓一致联合考查。建议以“时间状语→时态锚定→主谓一致校验”三步法强化训练,重点关注by the time、so far、since等时间标志词的时态对应关系。 策略二:非谓语动词“功能+逻辑主语”双轨突破 北京卷非谓语考查密度高,涵盖不定式、现在分词、过去分词三大类。建议按“句法功能(状语/定语/补语/宾语)+ 逻辑主语主被动关系”双维度分类训练,特别注意“when+分词”状语从句省略、have sb. done等高频结构。 策略三:定语从句“先行词定位法”精准训练 北京卷每年至少考查1题定语从句,且常以非限制性定语从句形式出现。训练重点:(1) 快速定位先行词;(2) 判断从句缺什么成分(主语/宾语/状语);(3) 选择正确的关系词(who/which/that/where/when)。 策略四:介词与固定搭配“语境推断+高频清单”双线记忆 北京卷介词考查以固定搭配为主(think to oneself, call attention to, at one’s expense等),建议建立“高频介词搭配清单”,并通过语境推断强化记忆。同时注意“介词+动名词”结构的识别。 策略五:关注“3篇短文式”结构的答题节奏管理 北京卷独特的“每年3篇短文、10空”结构要求学生在有限时间内快速切换不同文体和话题。建议训练“速读→定位→填空”三步答题节奏,每篇控制在3-4分钟内完成,特别注意A篇记叙文的情感线索、B篇说明文的逻辑链条、C篇的综合性特征。 【2026年】温情叙事与学术说明交织 一、真题原题 A篇:杂货店陌生人相助(记叙文) My dad and I were at a grocery store last evening. When the cashier rang everything up, my dad reached for his wallet and froze. He (1) ___________ (forget) to take it. I remember the (2) ___________ (embarrass) on his face. The cashier had scanned all the items and there were a couple of people (3) ___________ (waiting) behind us. Unexpectedly, a man (4) ___________ (step) forward, handed his card to the cashier and said, “Let me help.” B篇:kama muta情感体验(说明文) A family member is returning from a year-long trip, and you are meeting her at the airport. When you see her walking towards you, you feel a deep sense of connection well up (5) ___________ you. Sound familiar? You may not know the term, but that feeling is “kama muta”, a recently (6) ___________ (name) emotion that marks some of the most important moments in our life. By mindfully seeking out opportunities (7) ___________ (stimulate) this feeling, you could fill your life with greater meaning. C篇:大学三一律模式与数字化冲击(说明文) Universities (8) ___________ (design) along the three unities of French classical tragedy (悲剧): time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time). So far, this model (9) ___________ (produce) well-known universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalisation of society, which allows everybody (10) ___________ is connected to the Internet to access learning resources. 二、考点分布统计:8实2虚 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 有提示词 动词词形转换 过去完成时(had forgotten 表『过去的过去』) 误填 forgot,未识别『过去的过去』时态关系 有提示词 词性转换 动词变名词(embarrass → embarrassment 作宾语) 误填 embarrass 原形或 embarrassed,未识别词性转换需求 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(现在分词 waiting 作后置定语) 误填 waited 或 wait 原形,未识别非谓语功能 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般过去时(stepped 与 handed、said 并列谓语) 误填 step 原形或 stepping,未识别并列谓语时态一致 无提示词 介词 介词(within/inside 表『在……内心深处』) 误填 in 或 with,未精准理解『内心深处』语义 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(过去分词 named 作定语,表被动) 误填 naming,未识别 name 与 emotion 的被动关系 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(不定式 to stimulate 作后置定语,修饰 opportunity) 误填 stimulating,未识别 opportunity 后接不定式 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般现在时被动语态(are designed,描述客观现状) 误填 designed 或 design,未识别被动语态和时态 有提示词 动词词形转换 现在完成时(has produced,So far 标志词) 误填 produced,忽略 So far 要求完成时 无提示词 句法逻辑 who 引导定语从句(who 指代 everybody 作主语) 误填 that 或 which,未识别先行词指人且从句缺主语 三、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 cashier /kæˈʃɪər/ n. 2 wallet /ˈwɒlɪt/ n. 3 freeze /friːz/ v. 4 embarrassment /ɪmˈbærəsmənt/ n. 5 scan /skæn/ v. 6 unexpectedly /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli/ adv. 7 connection /kəˈnekʃn/ n. 8 emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ n. 9 stimulate /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/ v. 10 digitize /ˈdɪdʒɪtaɪz/ v. 四、长难句拆解 So far, this model has produced well-known universities, but society's digitization is now challenging it because everybody who is connected to the Internet can access learning resources. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【2025年】自然体验与社会议题并行 一、真题原题 A篇:森林散步与宁静时光(记叙文) Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s (1) ____________ (peace), especially around sunset. Nick has a fun time smelling the leaves and running after rabbits. When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone (2) ____________ (scare). The truth, though, is (3) ____________ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest. B篇:做选择与生活策略(说明文) When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly (4) ____________ (long). Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you (5) ____________ (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes (6) ____________ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. C篇:旅行与食物垃圾(说明文) When (7) ____________ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists (8) ____________ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, (9) ____________accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options. These efforts help us travel more responsibly. After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come (10) ____________ the planet’s expense. 二、考点分布统计:7实3虚 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 有提示词 词性转换 名词变形容词(peace → peaceful 作表语) 误填 peace 原形,未识别 is 后需形容词作表语 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(过去分词 scared 作宾语补足语,have sb. done) 误填 scaring,未识别『使某人被吓到』的被动关系 无提示词 句法逻辑 what 引导表语从句(what 在从句中作主语,指事物) 误填 that 或 which,未识别表语从句缺主语 有提示词 形容词&副词词形转换 形容词比较级(longer 表『更久』) 误填 long 原形或 longest,未识别比较语境 有提示词 动词词形转换 过去完成时(had made,By the time + 一般过去时) 误填 made,未识别『过去的过去』时态关系 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般现在时被动语态(are achieved,主语 outcomes 为复数) 误填 achieve 或 achieved,未识别被动语态和主谓一致 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(现在分词 traveling,when + doing 状语从句省略) 误填 to travel 或 traveled,未识别状语从句省略结构 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般过去时(left,last year 时间标志词) 误填 leave 或 has left,时态判断错误 无提示词 句法逻辑 which 引导非限制性定语从句(which 指代前句整体) 误填 that(非限制性定语从句不用 that) 无提示词 固定搭配 固定搭配(at one's expense 以……为代价) 误填 in 或 for,未识记固定搭配 三、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 peaceful /ˈpiːsfl/ adj. 2 sunset /ˈsʌnset/ n. 3 debate /dɪˈbeɪt/ v. 4 strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ n. 5 tolerance /ˈtɒlərəns/ n. 6 sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 7 wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ n. 8 engage with / / 9 outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 10 emission /ɪˈmɪʃn/ n. 四、长难句拆解 The United Nations Environment Programme’s Food Waste Index Report 2024 revealed that households worldwide waste over one billion tonnes of food each year, which accounts for nearly 60 percent of all food waste generated globally. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【2024年】个人成长与人物故事 一、真题原题 A篇:慢下来与个人成长(说明文) Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time (1) ___________ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of (2) ___________ (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and (3) ___________ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear (4) ___________ (boundary) in our personal and professional life. B篇:世界最长寿老人的秘诀(说明文) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood (5) ___________ (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when (6) ___________ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, (7) ___________ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. C篇:帮助掉落书本的男孩(记叙文) One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought (8) ___________ myself, “Why would he carry all his books? ” Just then, some kids ran at him, (9) ___________ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I (10) ___________ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 二、考点分布统计:8实2虚 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(不定式 to rest,take time to do sth.) 误填 resting,未识别 take time 后接不定式 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变名词(self-aware → self-awareness 作介词 of 宾语) 误填 self-aware 原形,未识别介词后需名词 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般现在时第三人称单数(gives 与 helps 并列,which 从句谓语) 误填 give,忽略 which 指代整句时谓语用三单 有提示词 名词词形转换 名词复数(boundaries,多个界限) 误填 boundary 单数,未识别复数语境 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般过去时被动语态(was named,On April 5, 2024 过去时间) 误填 named 或 is named,时态或语态判断错误 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(过去分词 asked,状语从句省略 when asked) 误填 asking,未识别 he 与 ask 的被动关系 无提示词 句法逻辑 who 引导非限制性定语从句(who 指代 Tinniswood 作主语) 误填 that(非限制性定语从句不用 that)或 which 无提示词 固定搭配 固定搭配(think to oneself 心想、暗想) 误填 of 或 for,未识记 think to oneself 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(现在分词 knocking 作伴随状语) 误填 knocked 或 knock,未识别非谓语主动关系 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般过去时(jogged 与 went 并列谓语) 误填 jog 或 jogging,未识别并列谓语时态一致 三、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ v. 2 significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ adv. 3 boundary /ˈbaʊndəri/ n. 4 moderation /ˌmɒdəˈreɪʃn/ n. 5 reflect /rɪˈflekt/ v. 6 emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ n. 7 opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ n. 8 establish /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ v. 9 identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v. 10 credit /ˈkredɪt/ v. 四、长难句拆解 When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and gives us the opportunity to make right choices. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【2023年】跨文化体验与生态保护——“国际化视野”主题 一、真题原题 A篇:瑞士与法国的守时文化(记叙文) Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I (1) ____________ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up (2) ____________ (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest (3) ____________ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. B篇:红树林生态保护(说明文) Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When (4) ____________ (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect (5) ____________ (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China (6) ____________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. C篇:马拉松与全球水资源(新闻报道) Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention (7) ____________ global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, (8) ____________ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action (9) ____________ (address)the struggles of people around the world (10) ____________ (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”. 二、考点分布统计:8实2虚 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般过去时(threw,描述过去事件) 误填 throw 或 thrown,时态判断错误 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变副词(exact → exactly 修饰介词短语 on time) 误填 exact 原形,未识别修饰介词短语需副词 有提示词 动词词形转换 过去完成时/一般过去时(had arrived/arrived,find 之前的动作) 误填 arrive 或 arriving,时态判断错误 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(过去分词 seen,when seen from afar 状语从句省略) 误填 seeing,未识别主语与 see 的被动关系 有提示词 名词词形转换 名词复数(cities,泛指多座城市) 误填 city 单数,未识别泛指复数语境 有提示词 动词词形转换 现在完成时(has established,Up to now 标志词) 误填 established,忽略 Up to now 要求完成时 无提示词 固定搭配 固定搭配(call attention to 呼吁关注) 误填 for 或 on,未识记 call attention to 无提示词 句法逻辑 where 引导非限制性定语从句(where 指代 Chicago 作地点状语) 误填 which 或 that,未识别从句缺地点状语 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(不定式 to address 作目的状语) 误填 addressing,未识别目的状语用不定式 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(现在分词 facing 作后置定语,修饰 people) 误填 faced,未识别 face 与 people 的主动关系 三、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 punctuality /ˌpʌŋktʃuˈæləti/ n. 2 riddle /ˈrɪdl/ v. 3 mangrove /ˈmæŋɡrəʊv/ n. 4 coastal /ˈkəʊstl/ adj. 5 reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/ n. 6 marathon /ˈmærəθən/ n. 7 guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ n. 8 struggle /ˈstrʌɡl/ n. 9 encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ v. 10 movement /ˈmuːvmənt/ n. 四、长难句拆解 Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest had arrived and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:___________________________________________________________________________________ 【2022年】悬念叙事与环保议题——“文体混搭”考验 A篇:海伦深夜被追踪的悬念故事(记叙文);B篇:人类气味偏好的科学解释(说明文);C篇:外卖与塑料污染(说明文) 一、真题原题 A篇:海伦深夜被追踪的悬念故事(记叙文) Helen was walking down the street late (1) _____________ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention (2) _____________ (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man (3) _____________ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! B篇:人类气味偏好的科学解释(说明文) Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly (4) _____________ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine (5) _____________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally (6) _____________ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. C篇:外卖与塑料污染(说明文) Since people can’t always eat out or cook for (7) _____________ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of (8) _____________ are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even (9) _____________ (bad). The use of those plastics (10) _____________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 二、考点分布统计:7实3虚 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 无提示词 固定搭配 固定搭配(in the evening 在晚上) 误填 on 或 at,混淆时间介词搭配 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(不定式 to harm,have an intention to do sth.) 误填 harming,未识别 intention 后接不定式 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般过去时(caught,描述过去发生的动作) 误填 catch 或 catching,时态判断错误 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(过去分词 supported 作后置定语,修饰 theory) 误填 supporting,未识别 support 与 theory 的被动关系 无提示词 句法逻辑 whether 引导宾语从句(whether...or not 是否) 误填 if(whether...or not 为固定结构,不用 if) 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般现在时第三人称单数(has,Gas 不可数名词作主语) 误填 have,忽略不可数名词主语用三单 有提示词 词性转换 人称代词变反身代词(they → themselves,cook for 主语自身) 误填 them,未识别主语与宾语指同一群人 无提示词 句法逻辑 which 引导非限制性定语从句(most of which,先行词为物) 误填 that(非限制性定语从句不用 that)或 whom 有提示词 形容词&副词词形转换 形容词比较级(bad → worse,even 修饰比较级) 误填 bad 或 badly,未识别 even 修饰比较级 有提示词 动词词形转换 现在完成时(has increased,since 2019 标志词) 误填 increased,忽略 since 要求完成时 三、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/ n. 2 eventually /ɪˈventʃuəli/ adv. 3 preference /ˈprefrəns/ n. 4 detect /dɪˈtekt/ v. 5 recognisable /ˈrekəɡnaɪzəbl/ adj. 6 takeout /ˈteɪkaʊt/ n. 7 delivery /dɪˈlɪvəri/ n. 8 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstər/ n. 9 survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 10 associate /əˈsəʊʃieɪt/ v. 四、长难句拆解 However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:___________________________________________________________________________________ 【2021年】科学探索与社会关怀 一、真题原题 A篇:科学家解读梦境成因(说明文) Why do we dream? Scientists aren’t completely sure, and they have diverse (1) ____________ (idea). Dreams might be a side effect of memory making. When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything (2) ____________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it (3) ____________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. B篇:直播博主寒夜助人(记叙文) Sam is an in-real-life streamer (播主), and he live streams himself just going about his day. While riding his bike home (4) ___________ a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself. The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about (5) ___________ she lived. Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could (6) ___________ (safe) wait for the police to take her home. C篇:极端天气与气候变化(说明文) There (7) ___________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, (8) ___________ (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, (9) ___________ (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss. Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need (10) ___________ (invest) in disaster prevention. 二、考点分布统计:7实3虚 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 有提示词 名词词形转换 名词复数(ideas,diverse 修饰可数名词复数) 误填 idea 单数,未识别 diverse 要求复数 无提示词 句法逻辑 that 引导定语从句(先行词 everything 为不定代词,that 作主语) 误填 which(先行词为不定代词时用 that) 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般现在时第三人称单数(connects,主语 it 指代 brain) 误填 connect,忽略主语 it 用三单形式 无提示词 介词 介词(on a cold night,具体某天的早/中/晚上用 on) 误填 in 或 at,混淆具体时间介词 无提示词 句法逻辑 where 引导宾语从句(where 表『在哪里』,about 后接宾语从句) 误填 which 或 what,未识别从句缺地点状语 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变副词(safe → safely 修饰谓语动词 wait) 误填 safe 原形,未识别修饰动词需副词 有提示词 动词词形转换 现在完成时(has been,over the past 20 years 标志词) 误填 was 或 is,忽略时间状语要求完成时 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(过去分词 caused 作定语,修饰 rise) 误填 causing,未识别 cause 与 rise 的被动关系 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(现在分词 resulting 作结果状语) 误填 resulted,未识别主动因果关系用现在分词 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(不定式 to invest 作定语,修饰 need) 误填 investing,未识别 need 后接不定式 三、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ adj. 2 streamer /ˈstriːmər/ n. 3 convenience /kənˈviːniəns/ n. 4 dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ adj. 5 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstər/ n. 6 climate /ˈklaɪmɪt/ n. 7 critical /ˈkrɪtɪkl/ adj. 8 investment /ɪnˈvestmənt/ n. 9 prevention /prɪˈvenʃn/ n. 10 wander /ˈwɒndər/ v. 四、长难句拆解 There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:___________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考英语二轮复习-语法填空专题讲义-北京卷-真题命题逻辑解码与提分策略 北京卷覆盖年份:2021-2026 命题趋势分析与教学建议 1. 考点分布统计与趋势对比 北京卷语法填空呈现“3篇短文式”命题结构(每年A/B/C三篇),考点覆盖全面,动词时态与非谓语动词为绝对核心,连词(定语从句)稳定考查。 原生词性 考查方向 考查功能 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 总计 名词 词性转换 名词变形容词 1 1 名词变动词 词形转换 名词复数 1 1 1 3 名词所有格 名词变名词 动词 词性转换 动词变名词 动词变形容词 1 1 词形转换 谓语动词 4 3 3 3 3 2 18 非谓语动词 3 2 3 3 2 3 16 形 容 词 词性转换 形容词变副词 1 1 2 形容词变名词 1 1 形容词&副词 词形转换 比较级 1 1 2 最高级 否定词 代词 词形转换 主格变其它 1 1 连词 句法逻辑 并列连词 从属连词 1 2 1 1 2 2 9 介词 句法逻辑 固定搭配等 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 2. 教学启示与备考策略 策略一:夯实动词时态语态基础,建立“时间线索→时态选择”快速通道 北京卷每年必考时态题(一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时交替出现),且常与主谓一致联合考查。建议以“时间状语→时态锚定→主谓一致校验”三步法强化训练,重点关注by the time、so far、since等时间标志词的时态对应关系。 策略二:非谓语动词“功能+逻辑主语”双轨突破 北京卷非谓语考查密度高,涵盖不定式、现在分词、过去分词三大类。建议按“句法功能(状语/定语/补语/宾语)+ 逻辑主语主被动关系”双维度分类训练,特别注意“when+分词”状语从句省略、have sb. done等高频结构。 策略三:定语从句“先行词定位法”精准训练 北京卷每年至少考查1题定语从句,且常以非限制性定语从句形式出现。训练重点:(1) 快速定位先行词;(2) 判断从句缺什么成分(主语/宾语/状语);(3) 选择正确的关系词(who/which/that/where/when)。 策略四:介词与固定搭配“语境推断+高频清单”双线记忆 北京卷介词考查以固定搭配为主(think to oneself, call attention to, at one’s expense等),建议建立“高频介词搭配清单”,并通过语境推断强化记忆。同时注意“介词+动名词”结构的识别。 策略五:关注“3篇短文式”结构的答题节奏管理 北京卷独特的“每年3篇短文、10空”结构要求学生在有限时间内快速切换不同文体和话题。建议训练“速读→定位→填空”三步答题节奏,每篇控制在3-4分钟内完成,特别注意A篇记叙文的情感线索、B篇说明文的逻辑链条、C篇的综合性特征。 【2026年】温情叙事与学术说明交织 一、真题原题 A篇:杂货店陌生人相助(记叙文) My dad and I were at a grocery store last evening. When the cashier rang everything up, my dad reached for his wallet and froze. He (1) ___________ (forget) to take it. I remember the (2) ___________ (embarrass) on his face. The cashier had scanned all the items and there were a couple of people (3) ___________ (waiting) behind us. Unexpectedly, a man (4) ___________ (step) forward, handed his card to the cashier and said, “Let me help.” 【答案】had forgotten;embarrassment;waiting;stepped 【解析】 1.考查时态。句意:他忘了带钱包。forget在句中作谓语动词,结合上文“my dad reached for his wallet and froze”可知,“忘记带钱包”发生在掏钱包之前,表过去的过去,用过去完成时,填had forgotten。 2.考查名词。句意:我记得他脸上的窘迫。作remember宾语,the后需要名词,embarrass是动词,此空填其名词形式embarrassment,意为“尴尬、窘迫”。 3.考查非谓语动词。句意:收银员已经扫完所有商品,有几个人在我们后面等候。句中and连接两个并列分句,第二个分句是there be句型,此分句中已有谓语were,wait作非谓语动词,主语people与wait之间是逻辑上的主动关系,且表示动作正在进行,用现在分词waiting作后置定语,修饰a couple of people。 4.考查时态。句意:意想不到的是,一名男子走上前,把他的卡递给收银员说:“我来帮忙付吧。”此空与handed和said由and连接,作并列谓语,三个动作表顺承关系,都发生在过去,要用一般过去时,step的过去式是stepped。 B篇:kama muta情感体验(说明文) A family member is returning from a year-long trip, and you are meeting her at the airport. When you see her walking towards you, you feel a deep sense of connection well up (5) ___________ you. Sound familiar? You may not know the term, but that feeling is “kama muta”, a recently (6) ___________ (name) emotion that marks some of the most important moments in our life. By mindfully seeking out opportunities (7) ___________ (stimulate) this feeling, you could fill your life with greater meaning. 【答案】within/inside;named;to stimulate 【解析】 5.考查介词。句意:当你看到她向你走来时,你感到一股深深的联结感在你心中涌起。well up within/inside sb.是常用表达,指情感在某人内心深处涌现或升起。 6.考查非谓语动词。句意:你可能不知道这个术语,但这种感觉就是“kama muta”,一种最近被命名的情绪,它标志着我们生命中一些最重要的时刻。动词name与其逻辑名词emotion之间是被动关系,应用过去分词named作定语,表示“被命名的”。 7.考查非谓语动词。句意:通过用心寻找机会来激发这种感觉,你可以让生活充满更大的意义。opportunity后常接不定式作定语,表示“……的机会”。 C篇:大学三一律模式与数字化冲击(说明文) Universities (8) ___________ (design) along the three unities of French classical tragedy (悲剧): time, action, and place. Students meet at the university campus (unity of place) for classes (unity of action) during their 20s (unity of time). So far, this model (9) ___________ (produce) well-known universities, but it is now challenged by the digitalisation of society, which allows everybody (10) ___________ is connected to the Internet to access learning resources. 【答案】are designed;has produced;who 【解析】 8.考查时态语态。句意:大学的设计遵循法国古典悲剧的三大要素:时间、行动与地点。主语universities和谓语design是被动关系,描述客观现状,用一般现在时被动语态,be动词用are。 9.考查时态。句意:迄今为止,这一模式已催生了众多知名大学,但如今社会的数字化正对其构成挑战,因为互联网连接的每个人都可以获取学习资源。根据So far可知为现在完成时,主语为model,助动词用has。 10.考查定语从句。句意:迄今为止,这一模式已催生了众多知名大学,但如今社会的数字化正对其构成挑战,因为互联网连接的每个人都可以获取学习资源。空格后“is connected to the Internet”是修饰先行词everybody的定语从句,先行词everybody指代人,从句中缺少主语,因此填入作主语的关系代词who。 二、考点分布统计:8实2虚 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 有提示词 动词词形转换 过去完成时(had forgotten 表『过去的过去』) 误填 forgot,未识别『过去的过去』时态关系 有提示词 词性转换 动词变名词(embarrass → embarrassment 作宾语) 误填 embarrass 原形或 embarrassed,未识别词性转换需求 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(现在分词 waiting 作后置定语) 误填 waited 或 wait 原形,未识别非谓语功能 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般过去时(stepped 与 handed、said 并列谓语) 误填 step 原形或 stepping,未识别并列谓语时态一致 无提示词 介词 介词(within/inside 表『在……内心深处』) 误填 in 或 with,未精准理解『内心深处』语义 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(过去分词 named 作定语,表被动) 误填 naming,未识别 name 与 emotion 的被动关系 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(不定式 to stimulate 作后置定语,修饰 opportunity) 误填 stimulating,未识别 opportunity 后接不定式 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般现在时被动语态(are designed,描述客观现状) 误填 designed 或 design,未识别被动语态和时态 有提示词 动词词形转换 现在完成时(has produced,So far 标志词) 误填 produced,忽略 So far 要求完成时 无提示词 句法逻辑 who 引导定语从句(who 指代 everybody 作主语) 误填 that 或 which,未识别先行词指人且从句缺主语 三、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 cashier /kæˈʃɪər/ n. 2 wallet /ˈwɒlɪt/ n. 3 freeze /friːz/ v. 4 embarrassment /ɪmˈbærəsmənt/ n. 5 scan /skæn/ v. 6 unexpectedly /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli/ adv. 7 connection /kəˈnekʃn/ n. 8 emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ n. 9 stimulate /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/ v. 10 digitize /ˈdɪdʒɪtaɪz/ v. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 cashier /kæˈʃɪər/ n. 收银员 2 wallet /ˈwɒlɪt/ n. 钱包 3 freeze /friːz/ v. 僵住;冻结 4 embarrassment /ɪmˈbærəsmənt/ n. 尴尬;窘迫 5 scan /skæn/ v. 扫描;浏览 6 unexpectedly /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪdli/ adv. 出乎意料地 7 connection /kəˈnekʃn/ n. 连接;联系 8 emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ n. 情感;情绪 9 stimulate /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/ v. 刺激;激发 10 digitize /ˈdɪdʒɪtaɪz/ v. 数字化 四、长难句拆解 So far, this model has produced well-known universities, but society's digitization is now challenging it because everybody who is connected to the Internet can access learning resources. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干:this model has produced well-known universities(主语 this model + 谓语 has produced + 宾语 well-known universities);并列句由 but 连接,后句主语 society's digitization + 谓语 is challenging + 宾语 it。 ● 原因状语从句:because everybody...can access learning resources,由 because 引导,解释数字化构成挑战的原因。 ● 定语从句:who is connected to the Internet 修饰先行词 everybody,who 在从句中作主语,is connected to 为被动语态。 ● 时间状语:So far 到目前为止,是现在完成时的标志词,修饰 has produced。 ● 句意:迄今为止,这一模式已催生了众多知名大学,但如今社会的数字化正对其构成挑战,因为每一个能连接互联网的人都可以获取学习资源。 【2025年】自然体验与社会议题并行 一、真题原题 A篇:森林散步与宁静时光(记叙文) Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s (1) ____________ (peace), especially around sunset. Nick has a fun time smelling the leaves and running after rabbits. When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone (2) ____________ (scare). The truth, though, is (3) ____________ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest. 【答案】peaceful;scared;what 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者大多数放学后和狗Nick在森林散步的时光。 (1) 考查形容词。句意:这里很宁静,尤其是在日落时分。“is”后接形容词作表语,“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”,意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。 (2) 考查非谓语动词。句意:我有时会把他叫回来,担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. done”表示 “使某人被……”,“someone”与“scare”之间是被动关系,即某人被吓到,用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。 (3) 考查表语从句引导词。句意:不过,真相正如所料 —— 这里从来没有其他人。“is”后接表语从句,从句中缺少主语,指物,用what引导,what在从句中作主语,意为“…… 的事情”。故填what。 B篇:做选择与生活策略(说明文) When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly (4) ____________ (long). Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you (5) ____________ (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes (6) ____________ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【答案】longer;had made;are achieved 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了做选择是生活的一部分及如何做出更好的选择。 (4) 考查比较级。句意:也许今天早上你还在纠结是起床还是多睡一会儿。此处表示“多睡一会儿”,应用比较级longer,表示“更久”。故填longer。 (5) 考查时态。句意:当你刷牙的时候,你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知,此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作,时态应用过去完成时,谓语用had made。故填had made。 (6) 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:通常,通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略,可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知,此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作,时态应用一般现在时;主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态;主语better outcomes是复数,be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 C篇:旅行与食物垃圾(说明文) When (7) ____________ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists (8) ____________ (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, (9) ____________accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options. These efforts help us travel more responsibly. After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come (10) ____________ the planet’s expense. 【答案】traveling;left;which;at 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出旅行时人们会接触不同文化和经历,但据世界野生动物基金会报告,去年游客产生大量食物垃圾,对全球气体排放有影响。为减少影响,人们可采取如出发前清空冰箱、选择可持续餐饮等简单措施,强调探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。 (7) 考查非谓语动词。句意:旅行时,我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系,用现在分词,构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。 (8) 考查时态。句意:然而,根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告,去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾,这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知,描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。 (9) 考查定语从句关系代词。句意:然而,根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告,去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾,约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用which引导。故填which。 (10) 考查固定搭配。句意:毕竟,探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。at one's expense“以…… 为代价”是固定搭配。故填at。 二、考点分布统计:7实3虚 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 有提示词 词性转换 名词变形容词(peace → peaceful 作表语) 误填 peace 原形,未识别 is 后需形容词作表语 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(过去分词 scared 作宾语补足语,have sb. done) 误填 scaring,未识别『使某人被吓到』的被动关系 无提示词 句法逻辑 what 引导表语从句(what 在从句中作主语,指事物) 误填 that 或 which,未识别表语从句缺主语 有提示词 形容词&副词词形转换 形容词比较级(longer 表『更久』) 误填 long 原形或 longest,未识别比较语境 有提示词 动词词形转换 过去完成时(had made,By the time + 一般过去时) 误填 made,未识别『过去的过去』时态关系 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般现在时被动语态(are achieved,主语 outcomes 为复数) 误填 achieve 或 achieved,未识别被动语态和主谓一致 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(现在分词 traveling,when + doing 状语从句省略) 误填 to travel 或 traveled,未识别状语从句省略结构 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般过去时(left,last year 时间标志词) 误填 leave 或 has left,时态判断错误 无提示词 句法逻辑 which 引导非限制性定语从句(which 指代前句整体) 误填 that(非限制性定语从句不用 that) 无提示词 固定搭配 固定搭配(at one's expense 以……为代价) 误填 in 或 for,未识记固定搭配 三、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 peaceful /ˈpiːsfl/ adj. 2 sunset /ˈsʌnset/ n. 3 debate /dɪˈbeɪt/ v. 4 strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ n. 5 tolerance /ˈtɒlərəns/ n. 6 sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 7 wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ n. 8 engage with / / 9 outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 10 emission /ɪˈmɪʃn/ n. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 peaceful /ˈpiːsfl/ adj. 宁静的;和平的 2 sunset /ˈsʌnset/ n. 日落;傍晚 3 debate /dɪˈbeɪt/ v. 辩论;斟酌 4 strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ n. 策略;战略 5 tolerance /ˈtɒlərəns/ n. 容忍;宽容 6 sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的 7 wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ n. 野生动物 8 engage / / 与……接触 9 outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ n. 结果;成果 10 emission /ɪˈmɪʃn/ n. 排放;排放物 四、长难句拆解 The United Nations Environment Programme’s Food Waste Index Report 2024 revealed that households worldwide waste over one billion tonnes of food each year, which accounts for nearly 60 percent of all food waste generated globally. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干:主语 The United Nations Environment Programme's Food Waste Index Report 2024;谓语 revealed;宾语为 that 引导的宾语从句 ● 宾语从句主干:households (主语) + waste (谓语) + over one billion tonnes of food (宾语) + each year (时间状语) ● 非限制性定语从句:which accounts for nearly 60 percent of all food waste generated globally,修饰前面整个宾语从句的内容,which 在从句中作主语 ● 过去分词作后置定语:generated globally 修饰 all food waste,表示『全球产生的所有食物浪费』 ● 句意:联合国环境规划署《2024年食物浪费指数报告》揭示,全球家庭每年浪费超过10亿吨食物,这几乎占全球产生的所有食物浪费的近60%。 【2024年】个人成长与人物故事 一、真题原题 A篇:慢下来与个人成长(说明文) Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time (1) ___________ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of (2) ___________ (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and (3) ___________ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear (4) ___________ (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 【答案】to rest;self-awareness;gives;boundaries 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了慢下来对个人成长的重要意义。 (1) 考查非谓语动词。句意:花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“花时间做某事”,所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。 (2) 考查名词。句意:花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语,应用名词self-awareness,sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。 (3) 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:当我们放慢脚步时,我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪,这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域,并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中,根据helps可知,从句使用一般现在时,which指代前边的整个句子,所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives,gives与helps并列,作并列谓语。故填gives。 (4) 考查名词的数。句意:为了实践这一点,我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary是可数名词,表示“界限”,根据空后in our personal and professional life可知,此处表示不止一个界限,名词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。 B篇:世界最长寿老人的秘诀(说明文) On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood (5) ___________ (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when (6) ___________ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, (7) ___________ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 【答案】was named;asked;who 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上最长寿的人John Tinniswood及其长寿秘诀。 (5) 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:2024年4月5日,约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知,此处描述过去发生的事,句子应用一般过去时;name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语John Tinniswood是单数,be动词使用was。故填was named。 (6) 考查状语从句的省略。句意:当被问及他的新头衔时,他分享了秘诀:适度。结合语意,when引导的时间状语从句中,主语为he,且ask与he之间是被动关系,应用被动语态be asked,状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词形式,则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。 (7) 考查定语从句。句意:Tinniswood不吸烟,也很少喝酒,他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Tinniswood,先行词指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 C篇:帮助掉落书本的男孩(记叙文) One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought (8) ___________ myself, “Why would he carry all his books? ” Just then, some kids ran at him, (9) ___________ (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I (10) ___________ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 【答案】to;knocking;jogged 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者为一个掉落东西的男孩提供帮助的故事。 (8) 考查介词。句意:我心想,“他为什么要把所有的书都拿着?”think to oneself为固定搭配,表示“心想,暗想”,符合语境。故填to。 (9) 考查非谓语动词。句意:就在这时,一些孩子朝他跑来,把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran,空处作非谓语动词,knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系,应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。 (10) 考查时态。句意:我很同情他,然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句,空处作后句谓语,根据句中went可知,此处描述过去发生的事,句子使用一般过去时,动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。 二、考点分布统计:8实2虚 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(不定式 to rest,take time to do sth.) 误填 resting,未识别 take time 后接不定式 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变名词(self-aware → self-awareness 作介词 of 宾语) 误填 self-aware 原形,未识别介词后需名词 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般现在时第三人称单数(gives 与 helps 并列,which 从句谓语) 误填 give,忽略 which 指代整句时谓语用三单 有提示词 名词词形转换 名词复数(boundaries,多个界限) 误填 boundary 单数,未识别复数语境 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般过去时被动语态(was named,On April 5, 2024 过去时间) 误填 named 或 is named,时态或语态判断错误 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(过去分词 asked,状语从句省略 when asked) 误填 asking,未识别 he 与 ask 的被动关系 无提示词 句法逻辑 who 引导非限制性定语从句(who 指代 Tinniswood 作主语) 误填 that(非限制性定语从句不用 that)或 which 无提示词 固定搭配 固定搭配(think to oneself 心想、暗想) 误填 of 或 for,未识记 think to oneself 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(现在分词 knocking 作伴随状语) 误填 knocked 或 knock,未识别非谓语主动关系 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般过去时(jogged 与 went 并列谓语) 误填 jog 或 jogging,未识别并列谓语时态一致 三、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ v. 2 significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ adv. 3 boundary /ˈbaʊndəri/ n. 4 moderation /ˌmɒdəˈreɪʃn/ n. 5 reflect /rɪˈflekt/ v. 6 emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ n. 7 opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ n. 8 establish /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ v. 9 identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v. 10 credit /ˈkredɪt/ v. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ v. 贡献;有助于 2 significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ adv. 显著地;重要地 3 boundary /ˈbaʊndəri/ n. 界限;边界 4 moderation /ˌmɒdəˈreɪʃn/ n. 适度;节制 5 reflect /rɪˈflekt/ v. 反思;反映 6 emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ n. 情感;情绪 7 opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ n. 机会 8 establish /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ v. 建立;设立 9 identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v. 识别;确定 10 credit /ˈkredɪt/ v. 归功于;相信 四、长难句拆解 When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and gives us the opportunity to make right choices. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干:we create space(主语 we + 谓语 create + 宾语 space),to reflect on our thoughts and emotions 为不定式短语作后置定语,修饰 space。 ● 时间状语从句:When we slow down 由 when 引导,表示『当我们放慢脚步时』。 ● 非限制性定语从句:which helps us identify important areas of our lives and gives us the opportunity to make right choices,which 指代前句整体(放慢脚步创造反思空间这件事),helps 和 gives 为并列谓语。 ● 不定式短语:to make right choices 作后置定语,修饰 opportunity,表示『做出正确选择的机会』。 ● 句意:当我们放慢脚步时,我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪,这有助于我们确定生活中的重要领域,并给我们做出正确选择的机会。 【2023年】跨文化体验与生态保护——“国际化视野”主题 一、真题原题 A篇:瑞士与法国的守时文化(记叙文) Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I (1) ____________ (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up (2) ____________ (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest (3) ____________ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 【答案】threw;exactly;had arrived/arrived 【解析】 (1) 考查动词时态。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我举办了一个乔迁派对,当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。根据"and was greatly surprised" 可知,此处讲述的是过去发生的事,应用一般过去时。故填threw。 (2) 考查副词。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我举办了一个乔迁派对,当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。修饰介词短语 on time 应用副词exactly,故填exactly。 (3) 考查过去完成时。句意:多年以后,搬到法国后,我在约定的时间赴宴,却发现没有其他客人到场,女主人还穿着睡衣。描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态arrived。也可以理解为find是过去发现,arrive发生在find之前,所以是过去的过去,用过去完成时。故填arrived/had arrived. B篇:红树林生态保护(说明文) Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When (4) ____________ (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. Mangroves can help soften waves and protect (5) ____________ (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China (6) ____________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】seen;cities;has established 【解析】 (4) 考查状语从句的省略。句意:从远处看,红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略,当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时,且从句含有be动词,从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中,主语为the mangrove forests,和动词see是被动关系,从句应用一般现在时的被动语态,完整形式为when the mangrove forests are seen from afar,省略主语和be动词,故填seen。 (5) 考查名词复数。句意:红树林有助于软化海浪,保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语,city为可数名词,应用复数形式表泛指,故填cities。 (6) 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now (到目前为止)可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语是China,助动词应用has,故填has established。 C篇:马拉松与全球水资源(新闻报道) Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention (7) ____________ global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, (8) ____________ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action (9) ____________ (address)the struggles of people around the world (10) ____________ (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”. 【答案】to;where;to address;facing 【解析】 (7) 考查介词。句意:她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的:呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。表示"关注"的短语为call attention to。故填to。 (8) 考查定语从句关系副词。句意:最近,尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动,数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago,空格后句子完整,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。 (9) 考查动词不定式。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临"水太少或水太脏"的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语,故用不定式。故填to address。 (10) 考查现在分词。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临"水太少或水太脏"的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系,故用现在分词作后置定语,故填facing。 二、考点分布统计:8实2虚 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般过去时(threw,描述过去事件) 误填 throw 或 thrown,时态判断错误 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变副词(exact → exactly 修饰介词短语 on time) 误填 exact 原形,未识别修饰介词短语需副词 有提示词 动词词形转换 过去完成时/一般过去时(had arrived/arrived,find 之前的动作) 误填 arrive 或 arriving,时态判断错误 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(过去分词 seen,when seen from afar 状语从句省略) 误填 seeing,未识别主语与 see 的被动关系 有提示词 名词词形转换 名词复数(cities,泛指多座城市) 误填 city 单数,未识别泛指复数语境 有提示词 动词词形转换 现在完成时(has established,Up to now 标志词) 误填 established,忽略 Up to now 要求完成时 无提示词 固定搭配 固定搭配(call attention to 呼吁关注) 误填 for 或 on,未识记 call attention to 无提示词 句法逻辑 where 引导非限制性定语从句(where 指代 Chicago 作地点状语) 误填 which 或 that,未识别从句缺地点状语 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(不定式 to address 作目的状语) 误填 addressing,未识别目的状语用不定式 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(现在分词 facing 作后置定语,修饰 people) 误填 faced,未识别 face 与 people 的主动关系 三、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 punctuality /ˌpʌŋktʃuˈæləti/ n. 2 riddle /ˈrɪdl/ v. 3 mangrove /ˈmæŋɡrəʊv/ n. 4 coastal /ˈkəʊstl/ adj. 5 reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/ n. 6 marathon /ˈmærəθən/ n. 7 guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ n. 8 struggle /ˈstrʌɡl/ n. 9 encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ v. 10 movement /ˈmuːvmənt/ n. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 punctuality /ˌpʌŋktʃuˈæləti/ n. 守时;准时 2 riddle /ˈrɪdl/ v. 使充满;困扰 3 mangrove /ˈmæŋɡrəʊv/ n. 红树林 4 coastal /ˈkəʊstl/ adj. 沿海的;海岸的 5 reserve /rɪˈzɜːv/ n. 保护区;储备 6 marathon /ˈmærəθən/ n. 马拉松赛跑 7 guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ n. 指导;引导 8 struggle /ˈstrʌɡl/ n. 斗争;困境 9 encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ v. 鼓励;激励 10 movement /ˈmuːvmənt/ n. 运动;活动 四、长难句拆解 Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest had arrived and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干:I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner(主语 I + 谓语 turned up + 时间/目的状语 at the appointed hour for a dinner)。 ● 现在分词完成式作状语:having moved to France 表示『搬到法国之后』,动作发生在主句谓语 turned up 之前,用现在分词的完成式。 ● 不定式作结果状语:only to find...表示出乎意料的结果,『结果却发现……』,only to do 表意外结果。 ● 宾语从句:that no other guest had arrived and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit,由 that 引导,作 find 的宾语,从句中 and 连接两个并列分句。 ● 过去完成时:had arrived 表示『到达』发生在『发现』(turned up/find)之前,即『过去的过去』。 ● 句意:多年以后,搬到法国后,我在约定的时间赴宴,结果却发现没有其他客人到场,女主人还穿着睡衣。 【2022年】悬念叙事与环保议题——“文体混搭”考验 A篇:海伦深夜被追踪的悬念故事(记叙文);B篇:人类气味偏好的科学解释(说明文);C篇:外卖与塑料污染(说明文) 一、真题原题 A篇:海伦深夜被追踪的悬念故事(记叙文) Helen was walking down the street late (1) _____________ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention (2) _____________ (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man (3) _____________ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet! 【答案】in;to harm;caught 【解析】 (1) 考查介词。句意:深夜,海伦抱着杂货袋走在街上。in the evening 在晚上,为固定搭配,故填in。 (2) 考查动词不定式。句意:海伦担心他可能有意伤害她,便跑了起来。have an intention to do sth. 有做某事的打算,为固定搭配,故填to harm。 (3) 考查动词时态。句意:最终,那个男人追上了她,他只是想把她的钱包还给她!描述过去发生的动作,所以用一般过去时,故填caught。 B篇:人类气味偏好的科学解释(说明文) Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly (4) _____________ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine (5) _____________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally (6) _____________ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. 【答案】supported;whether;has 【解析】 (4) 考查过去分词。句意:越来越多专家所支持的理论表明,嗅觉偏好是后天习得的。support和它所修饰的词theory之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语,故填supported。 (5) 考查宾语从句。句意:很容易解释我们如何判断气味是否危险:我们通过学习。设空处为动词后的宾语从句,在从句中表示"是否",和空格后的or not连用,故填whether。 (6) 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:煤气天然没有可识别的气味。描述客观事实,所以用一般现在时态,主语为不可数名词,故填has。 C篇:外卖与塑料污染(说明文) Since people can’t always eat out or cook for (7) _____________ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of (8) _____________ are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even (9) _____________ (bad). The use of those plastics (10) _____________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues. 【答案】themselves;which;worse;has increased 【解析】 (7) 考查反身代词。句意:由于人们不能总是在外面吃饭或自己做饭,所以他们带餐回家或叫外卖。指代主语people本身,所以用反身代词,故填themselves。 (8) 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:其中包括杯子、瓶子和袋子,其中大多数只能使用一次。先行词cups, bottles, and bags为物,在非限制性定语从句中作介词of后的宾语,所以用which引导,故填which。 (9) 考查形容词比较级。句意:这是一个大问题,而且情况越来越糟。前面有修饰比较级的even,所以用形容词比较级,故填worse。 (10) 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:自2019年以来,这些塑料的使用增加了300%。since常和现在完成时态连用,主语the use为单数概念,故填has increased。 二、考点分布统计:7实3虚 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 无提示词 固定搭配 固定搭配(in the evening 在晚上) 误填 on 或 at,混淆时间介词搭配 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(不定式 to harm,have an intention to do sth.) 误填 harming,未识别 intention 后接不定式 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般过去时(caught,描述过去发生的动作) 误填 catch 或 catching,时态判断错误 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(过去分词 supported 作后置定语,修饰 theory) 误填 supporting,未识别 support 与 theory 的被动关系 无提示词 句法逻辑 whether 引导宾语从句(whether...or not 是否) 误填 if(whether...or not 为固定结构,不用 if) 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般现在时第三人称单数(has,Gas 不可数名词作主语) 误填 have,忽略不可数名词主语用三单 有提示词 词性转换 人称代词变反身代词(they → themselves,cook for 主语自身) 误填 them,未识别主语与宾语指同一群人 无提示词 句法逻辑 which 引导非限制性定语从句(most of which,先行词为物) 误填 that(非限制性定语从句不用 that)或 whom 有提示词 形容词&副词词形转换 形容词比较级(bad → worse,even 修饰比较级) 误填 bad 或 badly,未识别 even 修饰比较级 有提示词 动词词形转换 现在完成时(has increased,since 2019 标志词) 误填 increased,忽略 since 要求完成时 三、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/ n. 2 eventually /ɪˈventʃuəli/ adv. 3 preference /ˈprefrəns/ n. 4 detect /dɪˈtekt/ v. 5 recognisable /ˈrekəɡnaɪzəbl/ adj. 6 takeout /ˈteɪkaʊt/ n. 7 delivery /dɪˈlɪvəri/ n. 8 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstər/ n. 9 survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 10 associate /əˈsəʊʃieɪt/ v. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 intention /ɪnˈtenʃn/ n. 意图;打算 2 eventually /ɪˈventʃuəli/ adv. 最终;终于 3 preference /ˈprefrəns/ n. 偏好;偏爱 4 detect /dɪˈtekt/ v. 探测;察觉 5 recognisable /ˈrekəɡnaɪzəbl/ adj. 可辨认的;可识别的 6 takeout /ˈteɪkaʊt/ n. 外卖食物 7 delivery /dɪˈlɪvəri/ n. 递送;交付 8 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstər/ n. 灾难;灾害 9 survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 幸存;生存 10 associate /əˈsəʊʃieɪt/ v. 联想;关联 四、长难句拆解 However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:___________________________________________________________________________________ ● 句子主干:a strong smell is added(主语 a strong smell + 谓语 is added,一般现在时被动语态)。 ● 目的状语从句:so that we can raise the alarm...由 so that 引导,表示『以便我们能够发出警报』。 ● 时间状语从句:when we detect the smell associated with danger 由 when 引导,嵌套在目的状语从句中,表示『当我们检测到与危险相关联的气味时』。 ● 过去分词作后置定语:associated with danger 修饰 the smell,表示『与危险相关联的气味』,associated 为过去分词表被动。 ● 句意:然而,人们添加了一种浓烈的气味,以便当我们检测到与危险相关联的气味时能够发出警报。 【2021年】科学探索与社会关怀 一、真题原题 A篇:科学家解读梦境成因(说明文) Why do we dream? Scientists aren’t completely sure, and they have diverse (1) ____________ (idea). Dreams might be a side effect of memory making. When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything (2) ____________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it (3) ____________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. 【答案】ideas;that;connects 【解析】 (1) 考查名词。设空前diverse为形容词,表示"多种多样的;不同的",修饰可数名词的复数形式,故填ideas。句意:科学家们还不能完全确定,他们有各种各样的想法。 (2) 考查连词之定语从句。空格前后均有谓语动词,句子缺连词。空格前是代词everthing,此处需要一个连词引导定语从句,分析从句可知关系词在从句中作主语,先行词everything是不定代词,故填关系代词that。句意:当你睡觉时,你的大脑会对白天发生的一切进行分类,试图将新的经历与旧的记忆联系起来。 (3) 考查谓语动词时态及主谓一致。分析句子可知,设空处为谓语,应与本段整体时态一致,故用一般现在时,主语是it,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填connects。句意:当它将事物联系起来时,你的大脑会把它们变成一个故事,然后你就会做个梦。 B篇:直播博主寒夜助人(记叙文) Sam is an in-real-life streamer (播主), and he live streams himself just going about his day. While riding his bike home (4) ___________ a cold night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself. The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about (5) ___________ she lived. Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could (6) ___________ (safe) wait for the police to take her home. 【答案】on;where;safely 【解析】 (4) 考查介词。表示在具体的某一天的早上(下午或晚上),应用介词on,故填on。句意:在一个寒冷的夜晚,当他骑自行车回家时,他遇到一位面容忧伤的老妇人独自在街上徘徊。 (5) 考查连词之宾语从句。介词about后面接宾语从句,从句live为不及物动词,句子完整。根据句意可知,此处表示"哪里",应用连接词where引导该从句,故填where。句意:这个可怜的女人无法告诉他她住在哪里。 (6) 考查副词。设空处在谓语动词could wait之间,应用副词修饰谓语,故填safely。句意:萨姆陪她走到附近的一家便利店,这样她就可以安全地等待警察把她带回家。 C篇:极端天气与气候变化(说明文) There (7) ___________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, (8) ___________ (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, (9) ___________ (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss. Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need (10) ___________ (invest) in disaster prevention. 【答案】has been;caused;resulting;to invest 【解析】 (7) 考查谓语动词时态语态。本句为there be句式,根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知应用现在完成时,主语a dramatic rise为单数名词,故填has been。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,在过去20年中,极端天气事件的数量急剧上升,这主要是由全球气温上升引起的。 (8) 考查非谓语动词之过去分词。本句为there be句式,设空处需要使用非谓语动词作定语,修饰前面名词extreme weather,cause与其之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式,故填caused。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,在过去20年中,极端天气事件的数量急剧上升,这主要是由全球气温上升引起的。 (9) 考查非谓语动词之现在分词。本句为there be句式,设空处应用非谓语动词作结果状语,前面句子内容与result in之间为主动关系,且表示合乎逻辑的结果,应用现在分词形式,故填resulting。句意:从2000年到2019年,全球共发生7348起重大自然灾害,造成经济损失29700亿美元。 (10) 考查非谓语动词之不定式。设空前need是抽象名词,表示"需要,迫切要求",其后常接动词不定式作定语。故填to invest。句意:调查结果表明,迫切需要对灾害预防进行投资。 二、考点分布统计:7实3虚 设空类型 考点大类 具体考点 易错预判 有提示词 名词词形转换 名词复数(ideas,diverse 修饰可数名词复数) 误填 idea 单数,未识别 diverse 要求复数 无提示词 句法逻辑 that 引导定语从句(先行词 everything 为不定代词,that 作主语) 误填 which(先行词为不定代词时用 that) 有提示词 动词词形转换 一般现在时第三人称单数(connects,主语 it 指代 brain) 误填 connect,忽略主语 it 用三单形式 无提示词 介词 介词(on a cold night,具体某天的早/中/晚上用 on) 误填 in 或 at,混淆具体时间介词 无提示词 句法逻辑 where 引导宾语从句(where 表『在哪里』,about 后接宾语从句) 误填 which 或 what,未识别从句缺地点状语 有提示词 词性转换 形容词变副词(safe → safely 修饰谓语动词 wait) 误填 safe 原形,未识别修饰动词需副词 有提示词 动词词形转换 现在完成时(has been,over the past 20 years 标志词) 误填 was 或 is,忽略时间状语要求完成时 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(过去分词 caused 作定语,修饰 rise) 误填 causing,未识别 cause 与 rise 的被动关系 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(现在分词 resulting 作结果状语) 误填 resulted,未识别主动因果关系用现在分词 有提示词 动词词形转换 非谓语动词(不定式 to invest 作定语,修饰 need) 误填 investing,未识别 need 后接不定式 三、核心词汇 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ adj. 2 streamer /ˈstriːmər/ n. 3 convenience /kənˈviːniəns/ n. 4 dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ adj. 5 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstər/ n. 6 climate /ˈklaɪmɪt/ n. 7 critical /ˈkrɪtɪkl/ adj. 8 investment /ɪnˈvestmənt/ n. 9 prevention /prɪˈvenʃn/ n. 10 wander /ˈwɒndər/ v. 【答案】 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文释义 1 diverse /daɪˈvɜːs/ adj. 多样的;不同的 2 streamer /ˈstriːmər/ n. 播主;直播者 3 convenience /kənˈviːniəns/ n. 便利;方便 4 dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ adj. 急剧的;戏剧性的 5 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstər/ n. 灾难;灾害 6 climate /ˈklaɪmɪt/ n. 气候 7 critical /ˈkrɪtɪkl/ adj. 关键的;批评的 8 investment /ɪnˈvestmənt/ n. 投资 9 prevention /prɪˈvenʃn/ n. 预防;防止 10 wander /ˈwɒndər/ v. 徘徊;漫步 四、长难句拆解 There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. (1) 找出句子主干 (2) 找出从句、非谓语、插入语、介词短语等 (3) 句意:___________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 ● 句子主干:There has been a dramatic rise(there be 句型,现在完成时,主语 a dramatic rise),in the number of extreme weather events 为介词短语作定语修饰 rise。 ● 过去分词作后置定语:caused largely by rising global temperatures 修饰 a dramatic rise,表示『主要由全球气温上升引起的』,caused 为过去分词表被动。 ● 现在分词作定语:rising global temperatures 中 rising 为现在分词修饰 global temperatures,表示『不断上升的全球气温』,主动关系。 ● 介词短语作信息来源:according to a new report from the United Nations 为信息来源状语,表示『根据联合国的一份新报告』。 ● 时间状语:over the past 20 years 是现在完成时的标志词,表示『在过去20年中』。 ● 句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,在过去20年中,极端天气事件的数量急剧上升,这主要是由全球气温上升引起的。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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