Unit 1 Law and order（单元同步写作讲义）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级下册

本讲义聚焦初中英语“人与社会”主题下的观点议论文写作，围绕法律法规、公共秩序等核心内容，构建从词汇积累（如违法行为名词、危害后果短语）到句式训练（开头引入现象、中间阐述危害与措施、结尾总结倡议），再到逻辑连接词运用的完整学习支架，通过佳句仿写衔接素材与表达，最终以实战演练实现写作能力递进。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，分类词汇与句式模板夯实语言基础提升表达准确性，议论文分层阐述训练（如分析危害、提出措施）培养逻辑思维。结合校园欺凌、高空抛物等真实案例渗透文化意识，引导树立规则观念。课中范例赏析助教师高效教学，课后实战题目与素材库支持学生自主练习，有效查漏补缺。

Unit 1 Law and order单元同步写作讲义 本单元的主题属于“人与社会”范畴，涉及“法律法规、公共秩序、各类违法行为与自我保护”。 该单元旨在培养学生认清法律与规则对社会稳定的重要价值，区分日常轻微过错、线下违法行为与网络不法行为，明白任何违规行为都会带来相应后果，掌握遭遇欺凌、网络侵害时的正确求助方式。通过学习民警普法讲座、求助咨询信件、各地特色法规案例，树立规则意识与法治观念。本单元核心写作 —— 观点议论文，围绕某一类不法行为表达立场、分层阐述理由、给出正确做法与倡议，能清晰传递守法观念，劝导他人规范自身言行。这有助于建立敬畏规则、知法懂法、主动保护自己与他人的认知基础，从而培养明辨是非、遵纪守法、遇到侵害及时求助、敢于制止不良行为的优良品格。 词汇积累 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 各类违法行为名词短语 law and order 法治与秩序；break laws/rules 违法、违反规则；wrongdoing 不良行为 littering 乱扔垃圾；jaywalking 乱穿马路；drunk driving 酒驾；stealing 偷窃 computer hacking 网络黑客入侵；cyberbullying 网络欺凌；school bullying 校园欺凌 high-rise littering 高空抛物；pirate photocopies 盗版复印；burglary 入室盗窃 2. 危害后果类词汇 serious harm 严重伤害；physical injury 身体损伤；mental pain 精神伤害；frightened 害怕的 be heavily fined 处以高额罚款；go on trial 走上法庭；break down society 造成社会混乱 damage public facilities 破坏公共设施；endanger people’s lives 危及他人生命； hurt one’s feelings 伤害他人情感 3. 法律、规则、保护类短语 obey laws and rules 遵守法律法规；protect citizens 保护公民；stop bad behaviour 制止不良行为 report to teachers/police 向老师 / 警方举报；ask adults for help 向成年人求助；take action 采取措施 set strict rules 制定严格规定；punish wrongdoers 处罚违规者；good netizens 文明网民 respect others online 线上尊重他人 4. 议论文逻辑连接词 Firstly 首先；Besides 此外；What’s more 而且；In addition 另外；On the other hand 另一方面 In short / In conclusion 总而言之；If…will… 如果…… 将会 Without…there will be… 没有…… 就会出现…… 5. 表达观点专用短语 In my opinion 在我看来；I strongly believe that… 我坚信……；It is wrong to… …… 是错误的 We should never… 我们绝不应该……；It’s our duty to… …… 是我们的责任 句式积累 开头句： 1.Nowadays, many people ignore public rules and do some dangerous wrongdoings, such as throwing things from high buildings. 如今很多人无视公共规则，做出高空抛物这类危险不良行为。 2.Cyberbullying is becoming more and more common among teenagers, and I think we must put an end to it. 网络欺凌在青少年中愈发普遍，我认为我们必须制止这种行为。 中间句： ① 阐述违法行为的危害 1.Things thrown from tall buildings may hit passers-by and cause serious injuries or even death. 高空抛下的物品可能砸中路人，造成重伤甚至死亡。 2.Cyberbullying hurts teenagers’ feelings deeply and makes them feel lonely and afraid to go to school. 网络欺凌深深伤害青少年心灵，让他们孤单、惧怕上学。 3.If everyone litters everywhere, the city will become dirty and our living environment will be destroyed. 如果人人随地乱扔垃圾，城市会脏乱不堪，我们的生活环境将遭到破坏。 4.Without strict traffic rules and laws, there will be more terrible car accidents every day. 缺少严格交通法规约束，每天都会发生更多惨烈车祸。 ② 提出解决、约束措施 1.As students, we should learn related laws and refuse to take part in any harmful wrongdoing. 作为学生，我们应当学习相关法律，拒绝参与任何有害的不良行为。 2.Schools should make strict rules and hold lectures to teach students how to protect themselves from bullying. 学校应当制定严格校规，开展讲座，教会学生如何防范欺凌。 3.Anyone who breaks the law will be heavily fined or punished by the police. 任何违法之人都会被警方处以高额罚款或相应处罚。 4.Before posting photos or words online, we need to think carefully and respect others’ privacy. 线上发布图片、文字前，我们要谨慎思考，尊重他人隐私。 结尾句： 1.In conclusion, laws and rules protect every one of us, so we should always behave ourselves and never break them. 总而言之，法律法规守护我们每一个人，我们应当规范言行、绝不违法。 2.It is everyone’s duty to keep law and order. Small good acts together will build a safer society. 维护法治秩序是每个人的责任，点滴守法行为将共建更安全的社会。 3.Only when all of us follow rules can we live a peaceful and safe life. 只有人人遵守规则，我们才能过上安宁、安全的生活。 佳句仿写 1. 教材原句：The news said someone threw a heavy vase out of a window on the 20th floor of an apartment building. 仿写：新闻称有人在公园里随意丢弃大量塑料垃圾。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 教材原句：As far as I can judge, whoever did this will be heavily fined, or even go on trial. 仿写：据我判断，任何实施校园欺凌的人都会受到学校严厉处分。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 教材原句：School should be a place where everyone feels safe and welcome. 仿写：网络空间应当是所有人互相尊重、友善交流的场所。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1. The news said someone left lots of plastic rubbish in the park. 2. As far as I can judge, whoever bullies others at school will be seriously punished. 3. The Internet should be a place where everyone respects each other and communicates kindly. 典例 假如你是卓玛，你的美国朋友Lisa给你发来邮件，向你倾诉她的烦恼；她因弟弟偷看了她的日记而和弟弟打了一架，自己不知道该怎么做。请你给她回一封邮件，给他一些建议。 要求： 1、语句通顺，符合逻辑，可适当发挥。 2、邮件中要恰当使用条件状语从句。 3、80词左右（短文开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数）； Dear Lisa, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours, Zhuo Ma 审题 ①题材：本题为一封电子邮件，主要内容是提出建议； ②时态：主要使用一般现在时； ③提示：帮助朋友解决与弟弟之间的矛盾，提出合理建议，体现宽容与沟通的重要性。 谋篇布局 开头 表示理解和安慰 中间 提出具体建议，例如冷静、沟通、原谅等；说明这么做的好处，体现情感修复的重要性 结尾 总结鼓励对方积极面对 佳作展示 Dear Lisa, I’m sorry to hear what happened between you and your brother. If I were you, I would try to calm down and talk to him. If you explain your feelings, he might understand why you were so angry. After all, he’s still young and may not realize the importance of privacy. If you forgive him, you’ll feel better and your relationship will improve. Everyone makes mistakes, but if we deal with them with love, things can get better. Yours, Zhuo Ma 佳作赏析 亮点词汇： ①calm down 冷静 ②forgive原谅 ③make mistakes 犯错误 ④deal with 处理 高分句型： ①If I were you, I would try to calm down and talk to him. （虚拟语气） ②If you forgive him, you’ll feel better and your relationship will improve. （条件状语从句） ③If you explain your feelings, he might understand why you were so angry. （宾语从句） （一） 为了落实教育部提出的“五项管理规定”，我校明确规定：中学生不能携带智能手机入校园。对此不同的同学有不同的看法。学校英文报正在以“Should we be allowed to carry smart phones to school?” 为题开展征文活动，请你结合以下信息，写一篇短文投稿。 要求： （1）介绍与手机相关的校规；简单描述表格中的不同观点及理由；表达你的观点并阐述至少2点原因。 （2）80词左右（标题和开头都已给出，不计入总词数）； （3）文中不得出现真实人名和校名。 Different opinions Reasons Agreement have no self-control Disagreement keep in touch with friends and families Your opinion：. . . . . . ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： Should we be allowed to carry smart phones to school?    Recently, our school has set a rule that middle school students are not allowed to bring smart phones to school. There are different opinions on this. Some students agree with this rule, believing that students have no self-control and phones can be distracting. Others disagree because they find it useful to keep in touch with friends and families. In my opinion, students should follow the rule. Firstly, without phones, students can concentrate more on their studies. Secondly, it prevents them from being addicted to games and social media. 【详解】[总体分析]    ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；    ②时态：时态主要为“一般现在时”；    ③提示：根据提示内容介绍自己表格中的观点以及自己的观点，适当增加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤]    第一步，介绍与手机相关的校规，并表述同学们的不同看法；    第二步，表明自己的观点并阐述理由；    [亮点词汇]    ①have no self-control 没有自控力    ②keep in touch with 保持联系   ③concentrate on 专心于    ④be addicted to 沉迷于    [高分句型]    Secondly, it prevents them from being addicted to games and social media. (动名词短语作宾语) （二） 假如你是李明，你的朋友Tom的学校最近有一条新规定：禁止骑电动车去上学。对此Tom有些不理解。请就此规定给Tom写一封信，谈谈你的看法。 要求：词数不少于70，且不得出现真实姓名与校名。 提示词：shouldn’t be allowed to, one of the main reasons, dangerous, be careful enough, run faster Dear Tom, How’s it going? I’d like to talk about the new rule in your school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Now do you understand why we aren’t allowed to ride electric bicycles? Li Ming 【答案】例文 Dear Tom, How’s it going? I’d like to talk about the new rule in your school. In my opinion, the rule is quite good. We shouldn’t be allowed to ride electric bicycles. One of the main reasons is that it’s dangerous for teenagers to ride them. On the one hand, teenagers are too young to be careful enough. On the other hand, electric bikes run faster than bikes. So some traffic accidents have happened because of electric bicycles. What’s more, we can’t get enough exercise by riding electric bikes. Now do you understand why we aren’t allowed to ride electric bicycles? Li Ming 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为书信作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，要求根据提示内容进行写作，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，引出新校规； 第二步，介绍自己对于新校规的看法； 第三步，书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①In my opinion在我看来 ②be allowed to被允许做 ③because of因为 ④What’s more此外 [高分句型] ①One of the main reasons is that it’s dangerous for teenagers to ride them.（表语从句） ②On the one hand, teenagers are too young to be careful enough. On the other hand, electric bikes run faster than bikes.（On the one hand...On the other hand...） （三） 霸凌(bullying, n.)指对他人肢体或语言上的攻击行为。它给一些同学带来了身体和心理的伤害。假如你是初三1班李铭，英语社团邀请你做题为“Say No to Bullying”的演讲。请根据以下图示，撰写演讲稿。 要求： 1.须全面反映图文信息； 2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.词数80左右； 4.参考词汇： bully v. n. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Say No to Bullying Bullies are people who keep saying things or doing things that hurt you. Bullies make us feel scared. They hurt us or make us awful. Sometimes they take things from us. Sometimes they break our things. So we must say no to bullying. First, if we see someone bullied, we should take immediate action to stop it. If it is very serious, we should ask our parents and teachers for help. What’s more, we can advise our school to give speeches about how to stop bullies. Let’s say “No” to bullying. Our school is a NO BULLYING school! 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇演讲稿； ②时态：时态为一般现在时； ③提示：根据提示内容介绍如何应对霸凌，适当增加细节。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍什么是霸凌以及为什么要阻止霸凌； 第二步，介绍如何阻止霸凌； 第三步，发出号召。 [亮点词汇] ①take immediate action to采取立即行动做某事 ②ask sb. for help向某人寻求帮助 [高分句型] ①Bullies are people who keep saying things or doing things that hurt you. (who引导的定语从句) ②First, if we see someone bullied, we should take immediate action to stop it. (if引导的条件状语从句) （四） 朋友之间的友谊本应是纯真的，但是近日少数校园里出现了一些不和谐的现象，偶有校园暴力 (campus violence) 的发生，对同学造成了伤害。请你根据下面的写作要求，以How to Protect Ourselves in Campus Violence为题写一篇演讲稿谈谈你的看法。内容包括： 1）校园暴力的危害：不利于身心健康；学习能力下降…… 2）如何解决：学校教育学生友好相处；家校联合共建和平校园；学生学会尊重他人，自信应对…… 3）人人有责保持校园安全，并呼吁同学们抵制校园暴力。 要求： 1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； 2）必须包括提示中的所有信息，并按要求适当发挥； 3）词数100左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； 4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。 参考词汇：violent (adj.暴力的)， confident (adj.自信的)，respect (n./v.尊敬)，harmonious (adj.和谐的) How to Protect Ourselves in Campus Violence Good afternoon, everyone. Today I am going to talk something about bullying (霸凌) in school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： How to Protect Ourselves in Campus Violence Good afternoon, everyone. Today I am going to talk something about bullying in school. Campus violence is bad for students’ physical and mental health. The students’ ability to learn is declining. They are also likely to suffer from mental illness. So how to solve campus violence? First, the school teaches students to get along well with each other. Second, the school and the family should work together to build a peaceful campus. Third, students should learn to respect others and deal with them confidently. Finally, when we encounter violence on campus, we should seek help from teachers and parents in time. Everyone has the responsibility to keep the campus safe. We should work together to resist campus violence. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇演讲稿； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中的介绍要点，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图，点明演讲主题； 第二步，具体阐述写作内容,从“校园霸凌的危害、如何抵制校园霸凌等”几个方面重点介绍； 第三步，书写结语，号召大家共同抵制校园霸凌。 [亮点词汇] ①is bad for对……有害 ②suffer from忍受 ③get along well with与……友好相处 [高分句型] ①Finally, when we encounter violence on campus, we should seek help from teachers and parents in time. (when引导的时间状语从句) ②We should work together to resist campus violence. (动词不定式作目的状语) （五） 2024年6月1日起，上海市执行《上海市非机动车安全管理条例》，未戴头盔骑乘电动自行车将属于交通违法行为。请你根据下面的调查数据和文字提示，以 “Helmet is important” 为题，用英语写一篇短文。 调查数据 上海市电动自行车交通事故死亡原因分析 正确佩戴头盔的骑乘人员在交通事故中无一死亡 规定 未戴头盔将被警告或罚款 30 至 50 元 观点 针对条例谈谈你的看法 注意： 1. 参考词汇：颅脑受损 brain damage；死亡原因 death cause； 2. 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范； 4. 词数80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Helmet is important! From 1 July, 2024, people in Shanghai must wear helmets when they ride e-bicycles. __________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Helmet is important From 1 July, 2024, people in Shanghai must wear helmets when they ride e-bicycles. Otherwise, they will be warned or fined 30 to 50 yuan. According to a survey on the death causes of people who died from e-bike accidents, 81.6 percent of them died because of brain damage. Among them, 95 percent didn’t wear helmets. On the other hand, for those who wore helmets properly, none of them died. We should learn a lesson from the numbers. It’s necessary for everyone to wear helmets when riding e-bicycles. In my opinion, it is responsible and wise of Shanghai Government to carry out this new traffic rule. People will wear helmets in order to avoid being punished. In this way, more people will be protected. 【详解】1.题干解读：对于写作题考生需认真审题，全面了解写作要求，理清思路，确定短文体裁、框架结构和写作内容。题目要求根据调查数据说明骑乘电动自行车时戴头盔的重要性，属于材料类作文，宜采用“总分总”结构，以第一、三两种人称和一般过去时、一般将来时、一般现在时三种时态展开陈述。 2.例文点评：作者开门见山From 1 July, 2024, people in Shanghai must wear helmets when they ride e-bicycles.，紧扣材料；然后介绍关于电动自行车事故死亡原因的调查，得出结论It’s necessary for everyone to wear helmets when riding e-bicycles；最后介绍自己的看法In this way, more people will be protected。本文内容充实，结构完整，表达流畅，数据有说服力，是一篇优秀的习作。 3.高分亮点： 高分短语：from…to, ride e-bicycles, according to, because of, on the other hand, none of, learn a lesson, in one’s opinion, in order to。 高分句型： 1) From 1 July, 2024, people in Shanghai must wear helmets when they ride e-bicycles.（时间状语从句） 2) On the other hand, for those who wore helmets properly, none of them died.（复杂定语从句结构） 3) It’s necessary for everyone to wear helmets when riding e-bicycles.（it固定句型） 【点睛】书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。范文中多种句式结构的运用，显示出作者扎实的语言储备。 （六） 世卫组织的事故调查显示，大约50%~60%的交通事故与酒后驾驶有关，酒后驾驶被列为车祸致死的主要原因。在我国，酒驾已经成为严重的社会问题，越来越受到人们的关注。根据下面表格中的内容提示，写一篇短文，谈一谈你的看法。 现 象 许多人不遵守交通法规，酒后驾车，对自己、家人和他人的安全不负责任。 后 果 酒后驾车，给自己和他人都带来伤害。 建 议 为了自己和他人的安全，大家不要酒后驾车，呼吁制定更多严厉的法律法规。 参考词语： 醉酒的(adj.) drunk酒后驾车(n.) drunk driving对……不负责 be irresponsible to 要求： 1. 语句连贯，条理清晰； 2. 无需命题，全文80词左右；3. 文中不准出现考生姓名、校名等真实信息。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： As we know, everyone must obey the traffic rules. However, we can still meet drunk drinking in our daily life. It’s irresponsible not only to the drivers themselves but also the others. Many drivers drive very fast in the street, or even in the crowded traffic while they are drunk. Drunk drivers caused a lot of accidents. Thousands of people were killed and many more were injured every year. It has done great harm to quite a few families. In order to keep the public safe, we must obey the traffic rules and say “No” to drunk driving. You mustn’t drive by yourself even though you drink a little. It’s wise of you to take a taxi or ask others for help. Besides, the government should make more serious rules and laws as soon as possible. 【详解】1. 题干解读：本文是一篇材料作文，要求你根据表格提示内容谈一谈对酒驾现象的看法。 2. 写作指导：文章应该主要以第三人称展开描述，时态以一般现在时为主。文章内容要包含对酒驾现象的介绍、酒驾的后果以及你的建议。文章注意要层次分明，叙述要条理、清晰，注意不要有拼写和语法错误。 （七） 青少年霸凌现象以及未成年人如何保护自己一直受到全国人民的广泛关注和讨论。请以“Learning to Protect Our Own Lives”为题，用英语写一篇作文，就如何保护自己提出一些建议。 参考词汇：bully (v. 欺凌，n. 欺凌者) 内容包括： 1. Report it to your teacher or parents. 2. Ask for help. 3. ... 注意： 1. 词数为80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。 Learning to Protect Our Own Lives ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Learning to Protect Our Own Lives School bullying is a serious problem that worries many people. To protect ourselves, we need to know what to do. Firstly, if someone bullies you, don’t keep it a secret. Report it to your teacher or parents right away. They can help stop it. Secondly, ask for help when you need it. Talk to a friend, a counselor, or any trusted adult. Thirdly, try to stay safe. Avoid being alone in places where bullying often happens. By speaking up and getting help, we can make school a safer place for everyone. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏提示，并适当添加细节，注意字母大小写以及标点符号。 [写作步骤] 第一步、开篇点题，引出话题； 第二步、就如何保护自己提出一些建议并书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①keep it a secret保守秘密 ②right away马上 ③stay safe保持安全 [高分句型] ①School bullying is a serious problem that worries many people.(that引导定语从句) （八） 没有规矩不成方圆，每所学校、每个家庭都有自己的行为规范准则，规定了该做什么，不该做什么。你们学校里有哪些行为准则是你赞同的，哪些你觉得应该改善？请你以Tom的名义给校长Mr. Wang写一封信，阐述你的观点。 要求： 1. 语气要礼貌，适当运用被动语态结构； 2. 词数为80左右，短文的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。 3. 参考词汇：strict rules 严格的规定；should be allowed to do应该被许可做……；agree/disagree…同意/不同意……；both…and…和…（两者）都 Dear Mr. Wang, I am Tom, a student of our school. I am writing to you to talk about the rules in our school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Tom 【答案】 例文 Dear Mr. Wang, I am Tom, a student of our school. I am writing to you to talk about the rules in our school. I agree with the strict rules about being polite to teachers and keeping the classroom clean. These rules help create a good learning environment. However, I think some rules should be improved. For example, students should be allowed to choose their own after-school activities instead of being forced to join fixed ones. This can help us develop different interests and make our school life more colorful. Also, we should be given more chances to share our ideas about rule-making. I hope my suggestions can be considered. Yours, Tom 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：书信作文； ②时态：一般现在时； ③提示：礼貌表达对校规的看法，包含赞同和改善建议，需使用被动语态。 [写作步骤] 第一步：礼貌问候并说明写信目的，简要表达对部分校规的赞同及原因； 第二步：使用转折提出改善建议，举例说明并解释好处； 第三步：总结并表达希望，礼貌结尾。 [亮点词汇] ①for example比如 ②being polite to对……有礼貌 ③instead of而不是 [高分句型] ①This can help us develop different interests and make our school life more colorful.（and并列结构） ②Also, we should be given more chances to share our ideas about rule-making.（被动语态结构） $Unit 1 Law and order单元同步写作讲义 本单元的主题属于“人与社会”范畴，涉及“法律法规、公共秩序、各类违法行为与自我保护”。 该单元旨在培养学生认清法律与规则对社会稳定的重要价值，区分日常轻微过错、线下违法行为与网络不法行为，明白任何违规行为都会带来相应后果，掌握遭遇欺凌、网络侵害时的正确求助方式。通过学习民警普法讲座、求助咨询信件、各地特色法规案例，树立规则意识与法治观念。本单元核心写作 —— 观点议论文，围绕某一类不法行为表达立场、分层阐述理由、给出正确做法与倡议，能清晰传递守法观念，劝导他人规范自身言行。这有助于建立敬畏规则、知法懂法、主动保护自己与他人的认知基础，从而培养明辨是非、遵纪守法、遇到侵害及时求助、敢于制止不良行为的优良品格。 词汇积累 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 各类违法行为名词短语 law and order 法治与秩序；break laws/rules 违法、违反规则；wrongdoing 不良行为 littering 乱扔垃圾；jaywalking 乱穿马路；drunk driving 酒驾；stealing 偷窃 computer hacking 网络黑客入侵；cyberbullying 网络欺凌；school bullying 校园欺凌 high-rise littering 高空抛物；pirate photocopies 盗版复印；burglary 入室盗窃 2. 危害后果类词汇 serious harm 严重伤害；physical injury 身体损伤；mental pain 精神伤害；frightened 害怕的 be heavily fined 处以高额罚款；go on trial 走上法庭；break down society 造成社会混乱 damage public facilities 破坏公共设施；endanger people’s lives 危及他人生命； hurt one’s feelings 伤害他人情感 3. 法律、规则、保护类短语 obey laws and rules 遵守法律法规；protect citizens 保护公民；stop bad behaviour 制止不良行为 report to teachers/police 向老师 / 警方举报；ask adults for help 向成年人求助；take action 采取措施 set strict rules 制定严格规定；punish wrongdoers 处罚违规者；good netizens 文明网民 respect others online 线上尊重他人 4. 议论文逻辑连接词 Firstly 首先；Besides 此外；What’s more 而且；In addition 另外；On the other hand 另一方面 In short / In conclusion 总而言之；If…will… 如果…… 将会 Without…there will be… 没有…… 就会出现…… 5. 表达观点专用短语 In my opinion 在我看来；I strongly believe that… 我坚信……；It is wrong to… …… 是错误的 We should never… 我们绝不应该……；It’s our duty to… …… 是我们的责任 句式积累 开头句： 1.Nowadays, many people ignore public rules and do some dangerous wrongdoings, such as throwing things from high buildings. 如今很多人无视公共规则，做出高空抛物这类危险不良行为。 2.Cyberbullying is becoming more and more common among teenagers, and I think we must put an end to it. 网络欺凌在青少年中愈发普遍，我认为我们必须制止这种行为。 中间句： ① 阐述违法行为的危害 1.Things thrown from tall buildings may hit passers-by and cause serious injuries or even death. 高空抛下的物品可能砸中路人，造成重伤甚至死亡。 2.Cyberbullying hurts teenagers’ feelings deeply and makes them feel lonely and afraid to go to school. 网络欺凌深深伤害青少年心灵，让他们孤单、惧怕上学。 3.If everyone litters everywhere, the city will become dirty and our living environment will be destroyed. 如果人人随地乱扔垃圾，城市会脏乱不堪，我们的生活环境将遭到破坏。 4.Without strict traffic rules and laws, there will be more terrible car accidents every day. 缺少严格交通法规约束，每天都会发生更多惨烈车祸。 ② 提出解决、约束措施 1.As students, we should learn related laws and refuse to take part in any harmful wrongdoing. 作为学生，我们应当学习相关法律，拒绝参与任何有害的不良行为。 2.Schools should make strict rules and hold lectures to teach students how to protect themselves from bullying. 学校应当制定严格校规，开展讲座，教会学生如何防范欺凌。 3.Anyone who breaks the law will be heavily fined or punished by the police. 任何违法之人都会被警方处以高额罚款或相应处罚。 4.Before posting photos or words online, we need to think carefully and respect others’ privacy. 线上发布图片、文字前，我们要谨慎思考，尊重他人隐私。 结尾句： 1.In conclusion, laws and rules protect every one of us, so we should always behave ourselves and never break them. 总而言之，法律法规守护我们每一个人，我们应当规范言行、绝不违法。 2.It is everyone’s duty to keep law and order. Small good acts together will build a safer society. 维护法治秩序是每个人的责任，点滴守法行为将共建更安全的社会。 3.Only when all of us follow rules can we live a peaceful and safe life. 只有人人遵守规则，我们才能过上安宁、安全的生活。 佳句仿写 1. 教材原句：The news said someone threw a heavy vase out of a window on the 20th floor of an apartment building. 仿写：新闻称有人在公园里随意丢弃大量塑料垃圾。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 教材原句：As far as I can judge, whoever did this will be heavily fined, or even go on trial. 仿写：据我判断，任何实施校园欺凌的人都会受到学校严厉处分。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 教材原句：School should be a place where everyone feels safe and welcome. 仿写：网络空间应当是所有人互相尊重、友善交流的场所。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 典例 假如你是卓玛，你的美国朋友Lisa给你发来邮件，向你倾诉她的烦恼；她因弟弟偷看了她的日记而和弟弟打了一架，自己不知道该怎么做。请你给她回一封邮件，给他一些建议。 要求： 1、语句通顺，符合逻辑，可适当发挥。 2、邮件中要恰当使用条件状语从句。 3、80词左右（短文开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数）； Dear Lisa, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours, Zhuo Ma 审题 ①题材：本题为一封电子邮件，主要内容是提出建议； ②时态：主要使用一般现在时； ③提示：帮助朋友解决与弟弟之间的矛盾，提出合理建议，体现宽容与沟通的重要性。 谋篇布局 开头 表示理解和安慰 中间 提出具体建议，例如冷静、沟通、原谅等；说明这么做的好处，体现情感修复的重要性 结尾 总结鼓励对方积极面对 佳作展示 Dear Lisa, I’m sorry to hear what happened between you and your brother. If I were you, I would try to calm down and talk to him. If you explain your feelings, he might understand why you were so angry. After all, he’s still young and may not realize the importance of privacy. If you forgive him, you’ll feel better and your relationship will improve. Everyone makes mistakes, but if we deal with them with love, things can get better. Yours, Zhuo Ma 佳作赏析 亮点词汇： ①calm down 冷静 ②forgive原谅 ③make mistakes 犯错误 ④deal with 处理 高分句型： ①If I were you, I would try to calm down and talk to him. （虚拟语气） ②If you forgive him, you’ll feel better and your relationship will improve. （条件状语从句） ③If you explain your feelings, he might understand why you were so angry. （宾语从句） （一） 为了落实教育部提出的“五项管理规定”，我校明确规定：中学生不能携带智能手机入校园。对此不同的同学有不同的看法。学校英文报正在以“Should we be allowed to carry smart phones to school?” 为题开展征文活动，请你结合以下信息，写一篇短文投稿。 要求： （1）介绍与手机相关的校规；简单描述表格中的不同观点及理由；表达你的观点并阐述至少2点原因。 （2）80词左右（标题和开头都已给出，不计入总词数）； （3）文中不得出现真实人名和校名。 Different opinions Reasons Agreement have no self-control Disagreement keep in touch with friends and families Your opinion：. . . . . . ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （二） 假如你是李明，你的朋友Tom的学校最近有一条新规定：禁止骑电动车去上学。对此Tom有些不理解。请就此规定给Tom写一封信，谈谈你的看法。 要求：词数不少于70，且不得出现真实姓名与校名。 提示词：shouldn’t be allowed to, one of the main reasons, dangerous, be careful enough, run faster Dear Tom, How’s it going? I’d like to talk about the new rule in your school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Now do you understand why we aren’t allowed to ride electric bicycles? Li Ming （三） 霸凌(bullying, n.)指对他人肢体或语言上的攻击行为。它给一些同学带来了身体和心理的伤害。假如你是初三1班李铭，英语社团邀请你做题为“Say No to Bullying”的演讲。请根据以下图示，撰写演讲稿。 要求： 1.须全面反映图文信息； 2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.词数80左右； 4.参考词汇： bully v. n. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （四） 朋友之间的友谊本应是纯真的，但是近日少数校园里出现了一些不和谐的现象，偶有校园暴力 (campus violence) 的发生，对同学造成了伤害。请你根据下面的写作要求，以How to Protect Ourselves in Campus Violence为题写一篇演讲稿谈谈你的看法。内容包括： 1）校园暴力的危害：不利于身心健康；学习能力下降…… 2）如何解决：学校教育学生友好相处；家校联合共建和平校园；学生学会尊重他人，自信应对…… 3）人人有责保持校园安全，并呼吁同学们抵制校园暴力。 要求： 1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； 2）必须包括提示中的所有信息，并按要求适当发挥； 3）词数100左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； 4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。 参考词汇：violent (adj.暴力的)， confident (adj.自信的)，respect (n./v.尊敬)，harmonious (adj.和谐的) How to Protect Ourselves in Campus Violence Good afternoon, everyone. Today I am going to talk something about bullying (霸凌) in school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （五） 2024年6月1日起，上海市执行《上海市非机动车安全管理条例》，未戴头盔骑乘电动自行车将属于交通违法行为。请你根据下面的调查数据和文字提示，以 “Helmet is important” 为题，用英语写一篇短文。 调查数据 上海市电动自行车交通事故死亡原因分析 正确佩戴头盔的骑乘人员在交通事故中无一死亡 规定 未戴头盔将被警告或罚款 30 至 50 元 观点 针对条例谈谈你的看法 注意： 1. 参考词汇：颅脑受损 brain damage；死亡原因 death cause； 2. 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范； 4. 词数80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Helmet is important! From 1 July, 2024, people in Shanghai must wear helmets when they ride e-bicycles. __________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （六） 世卫组织的事故调查显示，大约50%~60%的交通事故与酒后驾驶有关，酒后驾驶被列为车祸致死的主要原因。在我国，酒驾已经成为严重的社会问题，越来越受到人们的关注。根据下面表格中的内容提示，写一篇短文，谈一谈你的看法。 现 象 许多人不遵守交通法规，酒后驾车，对自己、家人和他人的安全不负责任。 后 果 酒后驾车，给自己和他人都带来伤害。 建 议 为了自己和他人的安全，大家不要酒后驾车，呼吁制定更多严厉的法律法规。 参考词语： 醉酒的(adj.) drunk酒后驾车(n.) drunk driving对……不负责 be irresponsible to 要求： 1. 语句连贯，条理清晰； 2. 无需命题，全文80词左右；3. 文中不准出现考生姓名、校名等真实信息。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （七） 青少年霸凌现象以及未成年人如何保护自己一直受到全国人民的广泛关注和讨论。请以“Learning to Protect Our Own Lives”为题，用英语写一篇作文，就如何保护自己提出一些建议。 参考词汇：bully (v. 欺凌，n. 欺凌者) 内容包括： 1. Report it to your teacher or parents. 2. Ask for help. 3. ... 注意： 1. 词数为80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。 Learning to Protect Our Own Lives ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （八） 没有规矩不成方圆，每所学校、每个家庭都有自己的行为规范准则，规定了该做什么，不该做什么。你们学校里有哪些行为准则是你赞同的，哪些你觉得应该改善？请你以Tom的名义给校长Mr. Wang写一封信，阐述你的观点。 要求： 1. 语气要礼貌，适当运用被动语态结构； 2. 词数为80左右，短文的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。 3. 参考词汇：strict rules 严格的规定；should be allowed to do应该被许可做……；agree/disagree…同意/不同意……；both…and…和…（两者）都 Dear Mr. Wang, I am Tom, a student of our school. I am writing to you to talk about the rules in our school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Tom $