Unit 3 Space exploration 太空探索（单元阅读精练）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级下册

**基本信息** 以太空探索为主题，融合语篇阅读与语言知识，通过长难句解析、词汇梳理及多元题型，系统培养语言能力与科技思维，彰显家国情怀。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |时文阅读|1篇神舟十九号说明文|长难句主干分析、语法点（伴随状语/定语从句）|以航天热点为载体，从词汇（如manned mission）到语法（not only...but also...）再到语篇结构（时间顺序）递进| |实战演练|5篇（地球自转/航天兴趣匹配等）|语法选择（时态/语态）、阅读匹配（信息定位）、完形（上下文推理）|覆盖说明文/应用文/记叙文，题型与解题方法对应，培养细节提取与逻辑分析能力|

Unit 3 Space exploration太空探索 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage 阅读理解 说明文 278 中国神舟十九号飞船的发射和任务背景 实战演练 Passage1 语法选择 说明文 247 科学家发现地球自转速度加快导致一天变短 Passage2 阅读匹配 应用文 273 介绍了五位中学生不同的航天科技兴趣与需求 Passage3 阅读理解 应用文 347 介绍了宇航员在国际空间站（ISS）的日常生活 Passage4 完形填空 记叙文 289 一只太空小鼠与同伴从300只小鼠中经严格训练入选，搭乘神舟21号飞船 Passage5 阅读回答问题 说明文 343 解释了行星“逆行”现象的科学原理 1. Nothing is impossible. 一切皆有可能。 2. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 3. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 4. No pains, no gains. 一分耕耘，一分收获。 5. A bold attempt is half success. 勇敢的尝试是成功的一半。 6. Dreams guide us forward. 梦想引航前行。 7. Persistence leads to great achievements. 坚持造就伟大成就。 8. Exploration makes the world progress. 探索造就进步。 9. Science and technology power a nation. 科技强国。 10. Great dreams require great efforts. 伟大的梦想需要极致的付出。 11. The sky is not the limit. 天空从不是终点（探索永无止境）。 12. Every small step leads to a big dream. 步步前行，终圆大梦。 The Shenzhou XIX spaceship set off from Jiuquan at 4:27 a. m. on Wednesday. This is the fourth manned mission (任务) during the space station’ s development phase (阶段). There are three members in the spaceship, including Cai Xuzhe who returned from the earlier Shenzhou XIV mission, and two young new astronauts, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze, both born in the 1990s. Wang is not only the third female Chinese astronaut, and also a pioneering spaceflight engineer. It took 6.5 hours to arrive. The Shenzhou XIX members spent nearly two hours in preparing to enter the space station. After all preparations were done, they were all welcomed with hugs by the Shenzhou XVIII astronauts at 12:51 p. m. The six astronauts then exchanged greetings. Ye said he and his team were very happy and excited to see the arrival of Cai’s team, adding that over the next few days, the two teams would work together inside “this space home”. In the next few months, the Shenzhou XIX team will do 86 science and technology experiments, from trying to grow plants in space to the study of genetics (遗传学). Perhaps the most interesting is the “space farm”: Cai may pick up his lettuce-growing project from two years ago, while Song plans to grow sweet potatoes. They will also research fruit flies. We can find them in about 75 percent of human disease genes (基因). As Shenzhou XIX started a six-month journey in the space, let’s wish its members success and safety. With each space mission, China takes another step closer to achieve its dreams in space. 1．When did the Shenzhou XIX spaceship get to China’s Tiangong space station? A．At 4:27 a. m. B．At 6:30 p. m. C．At about 11:00 a. m. D．At 12:51 p. m. 2．How does the writer develop the third and fourth paragraphs? A．In time order. B．In logic (逻辑) order. C．By comparing opinions. D．By giving examples. 3．What does the underlined word “them” in the fourth paragraph mean? A．Sweet potatoes. B．Fruit flies. C．The experiments. D．Two projects. 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1.②= Paragraph 2....) A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To advertise for Chinese space industry. B．To praise three great Chinese astronauts. C．To describe scientific experiments in space. D．To introduce China’s fourth manned mission. 长难句解析 原句：（第2段第1句）There are three members in the spaceship, including Cai Xuzhe who returned from the earlier Shenzhou XIV mission, and two young new astronauts, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze, both born in the 1990s. 译文：本次飞船乘组共三名航天员，其中包括曾执行神舟十四号任务、重返太空的蔡旭哲，以及两位90后年轻新航天员宋凌东、王浩泽。 分析：主干：There are three members in the spaceship. 飞船有三名航天员。语法点：including 伴随状语 + who 定语从句 + 独立主格补充年龄 原句：（第2段第2句）Wang is not only the third female Chinese astronaut, and also a pioneering spaceflight engineer. 译文：王浩泽不仅是中国第三位女性航天员，也是我国首位航天飞行工程师。 分析：句型：not only...but also... 不仅……而且……（写作万能句型） 原句：（第3段第5句）Ye said he and his team were very happy and excited to see the arrival of Cai’s team, adding that over the next few days, the two teams would work together inside “this space home”. 译文：叶光富团队表示，非常开心、激动迎接蔡旭哲团队入驻，并表示未来数日，两支乘组将在这座“太空家园”协同工作。 分析：主干：Ye said... 叶光富说道……；语法点：宾语从句 + 现在分词 adding 作伴随状语（九年级重难点） 重难词汇梳理 · set off 出发；发射（高频考点：旅行、航天、赛事通用） · manned mission 载人任务 · development phase 发展阶段、建造阶段 · astronaut /ˈæstrənɔːt/ n. 宇航员 · pioneering /ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ/ adj. 开创性的、首创的 · spaceflight engineer 航天飞行工程师 · preparation /ˌprepəˈreɪʃn/ n. 准备（preparations 复数常用） · exchange greetings 互相问候、致意 · science and technology experiments 科技实验 · genetics /dʒəˈnetɪks/ n. 遗传学 · lettuce /ˈletɪs/ n. 生菜 · research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ v./n. 研究、探索 · disease gene 疾病基因 · take a step closer to 向……更进一步 · achieve dreams 实现梦想 译文 神舟十九号飞船于周三凌晨4点27分在酒泉发射升空。这是中国空间站建造阶段的第四次载人飞行任务。 本次飞船乘组共三名航天员，其中包括曾执行神舟十四号任务、重返太空的蔡旭哲，以及两位90后年轻新航天员宋凌东、王浩泽。王浩泽不仅是中国第三位女性航天员，也是我国首位航天飞行工程师。 飞船全程耗时6.5小时抵达空间站。神舟十九号航天员耗时近两小时做好进驻空间站的各项准备工作。所有准备工作完成后，下午12点51分，神舟十八号航天员以拥抱迎接新乘组的到来。六位航天员互相问候致意。叶光富团队表示，非常开心、激动迎接蔡旭哲团队入驻，并表示未来数日，两支乘组将在这座“太空家园”协同工作。 在未来数月里，神舟十九号乘组将开展86项科学技术实验，涵盖太空植物种植、遗传学研究等多个领域。其中最有趣的当属“太空农场”项目：蔡旭哲将重启两年前的太空生菜种植实验，宋凌东计划培育太空红薯；团队还将研究果蝇——人类约75%的疾病基因都能在果蝇身上找到对应样本，研究价值极高。 神舟十九号开启为期六个月的太空驻留之旅。让我们祝愿全体航天员任务圆满、平安归来。每一次航天任务的执行，都让中国的航天梦想更进一步。 1. Space exploration shows the power of our country’s science and technology. 太空探索彰显我国的科技实力。 2. Chinese astronauts keep working hard to realize our space dreams. 中国航天员不懈奋斗，助力实现航天梦想。 3. Scientific experiments in space bring us new knowledge and progress. 太空科研实验为人类带来新知与进步。 4. Persistence and courage make space miracles possible. 坚持与勇气，让太空奇迹成为可能。 5. China keeps exploring space and moving forward bravely. 中国始终探索苍穹，勇敢前行。 6. The spirit of space exploration encourages teenagers to chase their dreams. 航天探索精神激励青少年勇敢逐梦。 Passage 1 Today is a very special day. At school, our science teacher shared 1 amazing secret with us from scientists. We had always believed that a day had exactly 24 hours. But our teacher told 2 that this was no longer true. Scientists 3 that the Earth is turning faster than before, making a day a little shorter. We were all shocked when we heard this. Then our teacher shared something even more amazing: four years ago, on June 29, we had 4 day of the year. We couldn’t help asking why this happened. Our teacher explained it 5 . She said the Earth turns round and round. It is amazing 6 day and night this way. Its speed isn’t always the same. One main reason is the Moon. 7 it moves slowly away from the Earth, its effect on our planet becomes weaker. Ice at the top and bottom of the Earth is turning into water, and the water moves to lower places, just like a skater turning faster when pulling in their arms. Changes inside the Earth and winds play a part as well. The Earth’s turning speed 8 by these things, too. If this situation continues, we 9 need to take out one second from our clocks in the future. We all wonder 10 this change will influence our lives. This class taught me a lot. I never knew the Earth had such a secret, and it made me realize our planet is really amazing. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．we B．ourselves C．us 3．A．have discovered B．will discover C．discover 4．A．short B．shorter C．the shortest 5．A．simple B．simply C．simpleness 6．A．create B．to create C．creating 7．A．As B．Unless C．Until 8．A．influence B．is influenced C．was influenced 9．A．might B．must C．can 10．A．where B．what C．how Passage 2 配对阅读。左栏为5位中学生对航天科技的兴趣或需求，右栏为7个相关的航天科技项目或活动，请为每位学生匹配对应的项目或活动，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。选项有两项是多余选项。 1 Emma enjoys drawing and designing. She hopes to take part in a creative competition for spacecraft designs. 2 Brian wants to understand how astronauts eat, sleep, and exercise in space, and how these activities in space are different from those done on the ground. 3 Simon wants to make a small rocket. He has only common things like bottles and paper. He needs a safe and simple way to try. 4 Jason cares about space pollution and aims to develop methods for catching satellites (卫星) that are no longer working. 5 Daisy wants to join in real space research projects, such as growing space plants or studying space farming. A．China Space Station “Tiangong Classroom”—Students can watch a live show of drinking water, having a meal or doing sports. B．“Astronaut’s Daily Menu” Tasting Event—Visitors can try special fried rice, freeze-dried strawberries, and ready-to-eat noodles. C． “DIY Water Rocket”—Students can build a rocket from a plastic bottle. Add water and push air in fast. Then watch it fly up from the ground. D．“Chang’e” Lander Design Competition—It welcomes students from all over China to design the look of a moon lander. E. The “Space Seeds” Planting Program—Schools can ask for seeds (种子) carried back from space, and students record how they grow. F. Block Builder Challenge—Follow a simple guide to build a model satellite from toy blocks. Learn what each part does and how they send messages from space. G. Space Waste Cleaning Creative Competition—Draw or write about how to deal with old satellites. Winners can get a book on space technology. Passage 3 JUST ASK How many movies have you seen about space? It looks fun, right? But is it? A lot of readers ask questions about the International Space Station (ISS 国际空间站). Today, we’ve answered four of the best ones. Editor: Lily Bailey Q1: What do astronauts do on the International Space Station every day? Answer: They do a lot! They go on space walks, repair things, do experiments and communicate with Earth. But too much work isn’t good for anyone and we all need a little fun! Astronauts play games, watch movies and listen to music on it. If they get stressed, they relax by enjoying the views of our beautiful planet from space. Q2: How much exercise do astronauts do? Answer: Well, quite a lot. Take the astronaut Koichi Wakata for example. He lived on the ISS for188 days and worked out for at least two hours every day. Some astronauts go jogging! Alan Shepard played moon golf in space. British astronaut Tim Peake even ran a marathon in space in2016 and set a Guinness World Record. Q3: Does the body change in space? Answer: Yes, it does. Everything in space floats. Imagine sneezing (打喷嚏) in space! This means it’s easy to lift things. Astronauts train a lot on Earth, but their bodies get weak if they don’t do enough exercise. And this can happen in just a few weeks! These are only a few examples of the problems astronauts can have. Their muscles and hearts lose strength and their bones get weaker. Sometimes, when they get back to Earth, they’re not strong enough to walk! The answer is exercise and not just a little exercise but a lot! Q4: When and how do astronauts sleep? Answer: Good question. We all need to get enough sleep, but in space, with 16 sunrises and 16 sunsets every 24 hours, that’s not easy. Too many changes from day to night make it difficult to know when to sleep. So astronauts have very strict routines and wear special blindfolds to keep from light. 1．Astronauts do a lot of work on the ISS except ________. A．going on space walks B．repairing equipment C．playing games outside D．conducting experiments 2．________ set a Guinness World Record for marathon in space. A．Lily Bailey B．Koichi Wakata C．Alan Shepard D．Tim Peake 3．The underlined word “this” in the third answer refers to ________. A．doing enough exercise B．sneezing in space C．making the body weak D．training on Earth 4．To reduce the harm of space activities on the body, astronauts should ________. A．lift things often B．do a lot of exercise in space C．sneeze carefully D．avoid lifting heavy things 5．The underlined word “blindfolds” means ________ in the passage. A．special tools to block sunlight B．soft clothes to keep warm C．glasses to help see clearly D．headphones to listen to sound 6．Lily Bailey answered the four questions to ________. A．explain how the ISS was built B．introduce the life on the ISS C．describe the history of space exploration D．list the countries that built the ISS Passage 4 Dear friends, I am writing from China’s Tiangong Space Station, 400 kilometers above Earth! I share my tiny “apartment” with three other mice. Six Chinese astronauts are taking care of us. Last night, we 1 the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft with three of them. The trip took just over three hours and was very smooth. For humans, this is already a familiar journey, but for us mice, it’s a historic first! We are the first mammals (哺乳动物) to live in the Chinese space station. Reaching space was not easy. We were not born “space mice.” We were chosen from 300 2 after more than 60 days of tough training. The training tests were extremely difficult. I will tell you about two of them. First, we had to stand on a fast-spinning (旋转) rod. I held on tightly with my front paws (爪子) and kept moving my back legs to avoid 3 . My paws hurt badly, but I managed to last for 115 seconds, which was an excellent result. Then, the best-performing mice were placed in a small chamber and spun rapidly in different directions-first for 30 seconds, then longer. Every time I came out, I felt dizzy (眩晕) and the world seemed to spin. 4 , I had to walk on a narrow balance beam without falling, and I succeeded. Now that I’m here in Tiangong, I want to make every moment 5 . We will stay for about one week before returning to Earth. After that, scientists will study the changes in our bodies. Their research will help everyone better understand the 6 of life in space. Here’s to our great adventure among the stars! 1．A．left B．repaired C．entered D．followed 2．A．mice B．groups C．friends D．passengers 3．A．sleeping B．crying C．calming down D．falling off 4．A．Instead B．Immediately C．Luckily D．Nowadays 5．A．boring B．comfortable C．meaningful D．strange 6．A．colors B．effects C．length D．temperature Passage 5 Backwards=Bad Luck? For thousands of years, humans have been looking up at the night sky. In doing so, we have made many interesting discoveries. Today, we know about the paths of stars. We can even predict shooting star rains. You may also have heard about the “unlucky” moment of the stars—retrograde. What is retrograde? It has to do with the way the planets move. All the planets in our solar system travel around the Sun. From Earth, we can observe the orbits of the other planets. Usually, they appear to move in the same direction. If you record their orbits night after night, however, you’ll find that they sometimes seem to go backwards in their paths. This is called retrograde. Why are the planets going backwards? Are they lost, or tired of their same old orbits? All the planets in our solar system travel at different speeds. Those closer to the Sun travel faster than those farther out. When a planet completes its orbit once, a year has passed on that planet. For example, one year is 88 Earth days on Mercury and 687 on Mars. For this reason, some planets will lap others from time to time. Those faster-moving planets will pass their slower-moving neighbors. Mercury, for example, laps Earth about three times a year. And Earth laps Mars every two years. When the Earth and another planet pass each other, an optical illusion (视错觉) is created. From Earth, it looks like the other planet changes direction and the two planets are moving on different tracks. Although retrograde is just an illusion that we see, some people think there’s more to the story. Astrology (占星学) believes that each planet’s retrograde affects people differently—even if there is no scientific basis for this belief. For example, some astrology lovers are afraid of Mercury retrograde. They believe it will affect their relationships with others. Have you ever noticed strange effects during retrogrades? What other space topics are you interested in? Let’s learn more about our stars and the sky! 1．According to the article, what is retrograde? It is a phenomenon (现象) that 2．Which of the planets travel faster, those closer to the Sun or those farther out? 3．Why do some planets lap others from time to time? 4．How often does Mercury lap Earth in its orbit? 5．When the Earth and Mercury pass each other, Mercury is moving on a new track. Isn’t it? 6．Do you think a planet’s retrograde can influence people’s luck? Give at least two reasons. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Space exploration太空探索 单元阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage 阅读理解 说明文 278 中国神舟十九号飞船的发射和任务背景 实战演练 Passage1 语法选择 说明文 247 科学家发现地球自转速度加快导致一天变短 Passage2 阅读匹配 应用文 273 介绍了五位中学生不同的航天科技兴趣与需求 Passage3 阅读理解 应用文 347 介绍了宇航员在国际空间站（ISS）的日常生活 Passage4 完形填空 记叙文 289 一只太空小鼠与同伴从300只小鼠中经严格训练入选，搭乘神舟21号飞船 Passage5 阅读回答问题 说明文 343 解释了行星“逆行”现象的科学原理 1. Nothing is impossible. 一切皆有可能。 2. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 3. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 4. No pains, no gains. 一分耕耘，一分收获。 5. A bold attempt is half success. 勇敢的尝试是成功的一半。 6. Dreams guide us forward. 梦想引航前行。 7. Persistence leads to great achievements. 坚持造就伟大成就。 8. Exploration makes the world progress. 探索造就进步。 9. Science and technology power a nation. 科技强国。 10. Great dreams require great efforts. 伟大的梦想需要极致的付出。 11. The sky is not the limit. 天空从不是终点（探索永无止境）。 12. Every small step leads to a big dream. 步步前行，终圆大梦。 The Shenzhou XIX spaceship set off from Jiuquan at 4:27 a. m. on Wednesday. This is the fourth manned mission (任务) during the space station’ s development phase (阶段). There are three members in the spaceship, including Cai Xuzhe who returned from the earlier Shenzhou XIV mission, and two young new astronauts, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze, both born in the 1990s. Wang is not only the third female Chinese astronaut, and also a pioneering spaceflight engineer. It took 6.5 hours to arrive. The Shenzhou XIX members spent nearly two hours in preparing to enter the space station. After all preparations were done, they were all welcomed with hugs by the Shenzhou XVIII astronauts at 12:51 p. m. The six astronauts then exchanged greetings. Ye said he and his team were very happy and excited to see the arrival of Cai’s team, adding that over the next few days, the two teams would work together inside “this space home”. In the next few months, the Shenzhou XIX team will do 86 science and technology experiments, from trying to grow plants in space to the study of genetics (遗传学). Perhaps the most interesting is the “space farm”: Cai may pick up his lettuce-growing project from two years ago, while Song plans to grow sweet potatoes. They will also research fruit flies. We can find them in about 75 percent of human disease genes (基因). As Shenzhou XIX started a six-month journey in the space, let’s wish its members success and safety. With each space mission, China takes another step closer to achieve its dreams in space. 1．When did the Shenzhou XIX spaceship get to China’s Tiangong space station? A．At 4:27 a. m. B．At 6:30 p. m. C．At about 11:00 a. m. D．At 12:51 p. m. 2．How does the writer develop the third and fourth paragraphs? A．In time order. B．In logic (逻辑) order. C．By comparing opinions. D．By giving examples. 3．What does the underlined word “them” in the fourth paragraph mean? A．Sweet potatoes. B．Fruit flies. C．The experiments. D．Two projects. 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1.②= Paragraph 2....) A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To advertise for Chinese space industry. B．To praise three great Chinese astronauts. C．To describe scientific experiments in space. D．To introduce China’s fourth manned mission. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国神舟十九号飞船的发射和任务背景，包括飞船上的宇航员团队、到达空间站的过程以及未来将要进行的科学实验。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“After all preparations were done, they were all welcomed with hugs by the Shenzhou XVIII astronauts at 12:51 p.m.”可知，神舟十九号飞船在下午12点51分到达了中国天宫空间站。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“After all preparations were done, they were all welcomed with hugs by the Shenzhou XVIII astronauts at 12:51 p. m.”和“In the next few months,”可知，这两段都是按照时间顺序来叙述的。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“They will also research fruit flies. We can find them in about 75 percent of human disease genes.”可知，“them”指的是前文提到的“fruit flies”果蝇。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍了神舟十九号飞船的发射时间和背景。第二、三、四段详细介绍了神舟十九号的宇航员，到达空间站的过程和太空任务；第五段表达了对神舟十九号团队成员成功和安全的祝愿。所以本文结构是总分总，即①/②③④/⑤。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了神舟十九号飞船的发射、宇航员团队、到达空间站的过程以及未来将要进行的科学实验，这些都是关于中国第四次载人任务的重要内容。因此，作者的主要目的是介绍中国的第四次载人任务，选项D“To introduce China’s fourth manned mission”与之相符。故选D。 长难句解析 原句：（第2段第1句）There are three members in the spaceship, including Cai Xuzhe who returned from the earlier Shenzhou XIV mission, and two young new astronauts, Song Lingdong and Wang Haoze, both born in the 1990s. 译文：本次飞船乘组共三名航天员，其中包括曾执行神舟十四号任务、重返太空的蔡旭哲，以及两位90后年轻新航天员宋凌东、王浩泽。 分析：主干：There are three members in the spaceship. 飞船有三名航天员。语法点：including 伴随状语 + who 定语从句 + 独立主格补充年龄 原句：（第2段第2句）Wang is not only the third female Chinese astronaut, and also a pioneering spaceflight engineer. 译文：王浩泽不仅是中国第三位女性航天员，也是我国首位航天飞行工程师。 分析：句型：not only...but also... 不仅……而且……（写作万能句型） 原句：（第3段第5句）Ye said he and his team were very happy and excited to see the arrival of Cai’s team, adding that over the next few days, the two teams would work together inside “this space home”. 译文：叶光富团队表示，非常开心、激动迎接蔡旭哲团队入驻，并表示未来数日，两支乘组将在这座“太空家园”协同工作。 分析：主干：Ye said... 叶光富说道……；语法点：宾语从句 + 现在分词 adding 作伴随状语（九年级重难点） 重难词汇梳理 · set off 出发；发射（高频考点：旅行、航天、赛事通用） · manned mission 载人任务 · development phase 发展阶段、建造阶段 · astronaut /ˈæstrənɔːt/ n. 宇航员 · pioneering /ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ/ adj. 开创性的、首创的 · spaceflight engineer 航天飞行工程师 · preparation /ˌprepəˈreɪʃn/ n. 准备（preparations 复数常用） · exchange greetings 互相问候、致意 · science and technology experiments 科技实验 · genetics /dʒəˈnetɪks/ n. 遗传学 · lettuce /ˈletɪs/ n. 生菜 · research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/ v./n. 研究、探索 · disease gene 疾病基因 · take a step closer to 向……更进一步 · achieve dreams 实现梦想 译文 神舟十九号飞船于周三凌晨4点27分在酒泉发射升空。这是中国空间站建造阶段的第四次载人飞行任务。 本次飞船乘组共三名航天员，其中包括曾执行神舟十四号任务、重返太空的蔡旭哲，以及两位90后年轻新航天员宋凌东、王浩泽。王浩泽不仅是中国第三位女性航天员，也是我国首位航天飞行工程师。 飞船全程耗时6.5小时抵达空间站。神舟十九号航天员耗时近两小时做好进驻空间站的各项准备工作。所有准备工作完成后，下午12点51分，神舟十八号航天员以拥抱迎接新乘组的到来。六位航天员互相问候致意。叶光富团队表示，非常开心、激动迎接蔡旭哲团队入驻，并表示未来数日，两支乘组将在这座“太空家园”协同工作。 在未来数月里，神舟十九号乘组将开展86项科学技术实验，涵盖太空植物种植、遗传学研究等多个领域。其中最有趣的当属“太空农场”项目：蔡旭哲将重启两年前的太空生菜种植实验，宋凌东计划培育太空红薯；团队还将研究果蝇——人类约75%的疾病基因都能在果蝇身上找到对应样本，研究价值极高。 神舟十九号开启为期六个月的太空驻留之旅。让我们祝愿全体航天员任务圆满、平安归来。每一次航天任务的执行，都让中国的航天梦想更进一步。 1. Space exploration shows the power of our country’s science and technology. 太空探索彰显我国的科技实力。 2. Chinese astronauts keep working hard to realize our space dreams. 中国航天员不懈奋斗，助力实现航天梦想。 3. Scientific experiments in space bring us new knowledge and progress. 太空科研实验为人类带来新知与进步。 4. Persistence and courage make space miracles possible. 坚持与勇气，让太空奇迹成为可能。 5. China keeps exploring space and moving forward bravely. 中国始终探索苍穹，勇敢前行。 6. The spirit of space exploration encourages teenagers to chase their dreams. 航天探索精神激励青少年勇敢逐梦。 Passage 1 Today is a very special day. At school, our science teacher shared 1 amazing secret with us from scientists. We had always believed that a day had exactly 24 hours. But our teacher told 2 that this was no longer true. Scientists 3 that the Earth is turning faster than before, making a day a little shorter. We were all shocked when we heard this. Then our teacher shared something even more amazing: four years ago, on June 29, we had 4 day of the year. We couldn’t help asking why this happened. Our teacher explained it 5 . She said the Earth turns round and round. It is amazing 6 day and night this way. Its speed isn’t always the same. One main reason is the Moon. 7 it moves slowly away from the Earth, its effect on our planet becomes weaker. Ice at the top and bottom of the Earth is turning into water, and the water moves to lower places, just like a skater turning faster when pulling in their arms. Changes inside the Earth and winds play a part as well. The Earth’s turning speed 8 by these things, too. If this situation continues, we 9 need to take out one second from our clocks in the future. We all wonder 10 this change will influence our lives. This class taught me a lot. I never knew the Earth had such a secret, and it made me realize our planet is really amazing. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．we B．ourselves C．us 3．A．have discovered B．will discover C．discover 4．A．short B．shorter C．the shortest 5．A．simple B．simply C．simpleness 6．A．create B．to create C．creating 7．A．As B．Unless C．Until 8．A．influence B．is influenced C．was influenced 9．A．might B．must C．can 10．A．where B．what C．how 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文讲述了科学课上老师分享了一个惊人的秘密——科学家发现地球自转速度加快导致一天变短，并解释了月球远离、冰川融化、地球内部变化等因素影响自转速度，让同学们对地球的神奇有了新的认识。 【详解】1．句意：在学校，我们的科学老师跟我们分享了一个来自科学家的惊人秘密。 amazing以元音音素开头，泛指单数可数名词用an“一个”，符合语境。a用于辅音音素前、the表特指，均不符合此处“第一次提及某一秘密”的泛指语境。 2．句意：但我们的老师告诉我们这不再是真的了。 told后接宾语表示“告诉某人”，用宾格代词us“我们”，符合语境。we为主格不能作宾语、ourselves是反身代词“我们自己”此处不需要强调亲自。 3．句意：科学家已经发现地球比以前转得更快了，使得一天变短了一点。 科学家做出发现且已确认影响到现在，用现在完成时have discovered“已经发现”表示已完成的发现且对现在有影响，符合语境。will discover“将发现”是将来时态无法描述已完成的科学发现、discover“发现”一般现在时不强调结果与现在关联。 4．句意：四年前的6月29日，我们经历了一年中最短的一天。 “of the year”提示在所有日子中比较，用最高级the shortest“最短的”，符合语境。short为原级、shorter为比较级均不能用于of the year的范围内唯一最值表达。 5．句意：我们的老师简单地解释了它。 修饰动词explained用副词simply“简单地”，符合语境。simple为形容词不能修饰动词、simpleness为名词同样不能作状语。 6．句意：以这种方式创造白天和黑夜是惊人的。 It is amazing后接不定式to create“创造”作真正主语，符合语境。create为原形不能直接作主语、creating为动名词虽可作主语但此处用不定式更符合“做某事是惊人的”表达习惯。 7．句意：当月球慢慢地远离地球时，它对我们星球的影响变得越来越弱。 月球远离是因，影响变弱是伴随发生的状态，As“随着/当……时”表同时进行的时间关系，符合语境。Unless“除非”表条件、Until“直到”表时间终点，均不能表达“随着月球远离，影响逐渐变弱”的同步关系。 8．句意：地球的自转速度也受到这些东西的影响。 主语The Earth’s turning speed是物，与influence是被动关系，且全文用一般现在时说明科学事实，is influenced“被影响”符合语境。influence是原形不能表被动、was influenced是过去时态与全文现在时不一致。 9．句意：如果这种情况继续下去，我们将来可能需要从时钟中减去一秒。 将来可能出现的情况用might“可能”表示推测，符合语境。must“必须”语气过于绝对、can“能够”不表示推测。 10．句意：我们都想知道这个变化将如何影响我们的生活。 “influence our lives”需用方式副词引导宾语从句，how“如何/怎样”询问影响方式，符合语境。where“在哪里”问地点、what“什么”指代事物，均不能询问“影响的方式”。 Passage 2 配对阅读。左栏为5位中学生对航天科技的兴趣或需求，右栏为7个相关的航天科技项目或活动，请为每位学生匹配对应的项目或活动，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。选项有两项是多余选项。 1 Emma enjoys drawing and designing. She hopes to take part in a creative competition for spacecraft designs. 2 Brian wants to understand how astronauts eat, sleep, and exercise in space, and how these activities in space are different from those done on the ground. 3 Simon wants to make a small rocket. He has only common things like bottles and paper. He needs a safe and simple way to try. 4 Jason cares about space pollution and aims to develop methods for catching satellites (卫星) that are no longer working. 5 Daisy wants to join in real space research projects, such as growing space plants or studying space farming. A．China Space Station “Tiangong Classroom”—Students can watch a live show of drinking water, having a meal or doing sports. B．“Astronaut’s Daily Menu” Tasting Event—Visitors can try special fried rice, freeze-dried strawberries, and ready-to-eat noodles. C． “DIY Water Rocket”—Students can build a rocket from a plastic bottle. Add water and push air in fast. Then watch it fly up from the ground. D．“Chang’e” Lander Design Competition—It welcomes students from all over China to design the look of a moon lander. E. The “Space Seeds” Planting Program—Schools can ask for seeds (种子) carried back from space, and students record how they grow. F. Block Builder Challenge—Follow a simple guide to build a model satellite from toy blocks. Learn what each part does and how they send messages from space. G. Space Waste Cleaning Creative Competition—Draw or write about how to deal with old satellites. Winners can get a book on space technology. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．G 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了五位中学生不同的航天科技兴趣与需求，以及七项不同的航天科技活动项目，要求将学生需求与对应航天活动进行匹配。 【详解】1．根据“Emma enjoys drawing and designing. She hopes to take part in a creative competition for spacecraft designs.”可知，艾玛喜欢绘画设计，希望参加航天器创意设计比赛，选项D“‘嫦娥’着陆器设计大赛，欢迎全国学生设计月球着陆器外观”与之对应。 2．根据“Brian wants to understand how astronauts eat, sleep, and exercise in space, and how these activities in space are different from those done on the ground.”可知，布莱恩想要了解宇航员在太空的饮食、睡眠、运动等日常活动，选项A“中国空间站天宫课堂，学生可观看宇航员喝水、用餐、运动的直播展示”与之对应。 3．根据“Simon wants to make a small rocket. He has only common things like bottles and paper. He needs a safe and simple way to try.”可知，西蒙想要利用普通材料制作简易小火箭，需要安全简单的制作方式，选项C“DIY水火箭，学生可用塑料瓶制作火箭，操作简单安全”与之对应。 4．根据“Jason cares about space pollution and aims to develop methods for catching satellites (卫星) that are no longer working.”可知，杰森关注太空污染，想要研究处理废弃卫星的方法，选项G“太空垃圾清理创意大赛，围绕废旧卫星处理展开创作”与之对应。 5．根据“Daisy wants to join in real space research projects, such as growing space plants or studying space farming.”可知，黛西想要参与太空植物种植、太空农业相关的真实科研项目，选项E“太空种子种植项目，学生可种植太空带回的种子并记录生长过程”与之对应。 Passage 3 JUST ASK How many movies have you seen about space? It looks fun, right? But is it? A lot of readers ask questions about the International Space Station (ISS 国际空间站). Today, we’ve answered four of the best ones. Editor: Lily Bailey Q1: What do astronauts do on the International Space Station every day? Answer: They do a lot! They go on space walks, repair things, do experiments and communicate with Earth. But too much work isn’t good for anyone and we all need a little fun! Astronauts play games, watch movies and listen to music on it. If they get stressed, they relax by enjoying the views of our beautiful planet from space. Q2: How much exercise do astronauts do? Answer: Well, quite a lot. Take the astronaut Koichi Wakata for example. He lived on the ISS for188 days and worked out for at least two hours every day. Some astronauts go jogging! Alan Shepard played moon golf in space. British astronaut Tim Peake even ran a marathon in space in2016 and set a Guinness World Record. Q3: Does the body change in space? Answer: Yes, it does. Everything in space floats. Imagine sneezing (打喷嚏) in space! This means it’s easy to lift things. Astronauts train a lot on Earth, but their bodies get weak if they don’t do enough exercise. And this can happen in just a few weeks! These are only a few examples of the problems astronauts can have. Their muscles and hearts lose strength and their bones get weaker. Sometimes, when they get back to Earth, they’re not strong enough to walk! The answer is exercise and not just a little exercise but a lot! Q4: When and how do astronauts sleep? Answer: Good question. We all need to get enough sleep, but in space, with 16 sunrises and 16 sunsets every 24 hours, that’s not easy. Too many changes from day to night make it difficult to know when to sleep. So astronauts have very strict routines and wear special blindfolds to keep from light. 1．Astronauts do a lot of work on the ISS except ________. A．going on space walks B．repairing equipment C．playing games outside D．conducting experiments 2．________ set a Guinness World Record for marathon in space. A．Lily Bailey B．Koichi Wakata C．Alan Shepard D．Tim Peake 3．The underlined word “this” in the third answer refers to ________. A．doing enough exercise B．sneezing in space C．making the body weak D．training on Earth 4．To reduce the harm of space activities on the body, astronauts should ________. A．lift things often B．do a lot of exercise in space C．sneeze carefully D．avoid lifting heavy things 5．The underlined word “blindfolds” means ________ in the passage. A．special tools to block sunlight B．soft clothes to keep warm C．glasses to help see clearly D．headphones to listen to sound 6．Lily Bailey answered the four questions to ________. A．explain how the ISS was built B．introduce the life on the ISS C．describe the history of space exploration D．list the countries that built the ISS 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章通过问答的形式，介绍了宇航员在国际空间站（ISS）的日常生活，包括他们的工作内容、运动量、身体变化以及睡眠情况。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Q1的回答“They go on space walks, repair things, do experiments and communicate with Earth…Astronauts play games, watch movies and listen to music on it.”可知，宇航员在空间站内玩游戏，而不是“在外面（outside）玩”。选项C“playing games outside”与原文不符。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Q2的回答“British astronaut Tim Peake even ran a marathon in space in 2016 and set a Guinness World Record.”可知，创下吉尼斯世界纪录的是Tim Peake。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据Q3的回答中“...but their bodies get weak if they don’t do enough exercise. And this can happen in just a few weeks!”可知，“this”指的是前一句提到的身体变虚弱这件事，即“making the body weak”。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据Q3的回答最后一句“The answer is exercise and not just a little exercise but a lot!”可知，为了减少太空活动对身体的伤害，宇航员需要进行大量的锻炼。故选B。 5．词句猜测题。根据Q4的回答可知，太空中每24小时有16次日出日落，光线频繁变化影响睡眠，因此宇航员“wear special blindfolds to keep from light”。“blindfolds”原意为“眼罩”，在此语境中指遮光的眼罩，用于阻挡光线以助眠。选项A“special tools to block sunlight”最贴近其功能。故选A。 6．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Lily Bailey回答的四个问题分别涉及了宇航员的日常工作、锻炼、身体变化和睡眠，这些都是关于在国际空间站上的生活介绍。故选B。 Passage 4 Dear friends, I am writing from China’s Tiangong Space Station, 400 kilometers above Earth! I share my tiny “apartment” with three other mice. Six Chinese astronauts are taking care of us. Last night, we 1 the Shenzhou-21 spacecraft with three of them. The trip took just over three hours and was very smooth. For humans, this is already a familiar journey, but for us mice, it’s a historic first! We are the first mammals (哺乳动物) to live in the Chinese space station. Reaching space was not easy. We were not born “space mice.” We were chosen from 300 2 after more than 60 days of tough training. The training tests were extremely difficult. I will tell you about two of them. First, we had to stand on a fast-spinning (旋转) rod. I held on tightly with my front paws (爪子) and kept moving my back legs to avoid 3 . My paws hurt badly, but I managed to last for 115 seconds, which was an excellent result. Then, the best-performing mice were placed in a small chamber and spun rapidly in different directions-first for 30 seconds, then longer. Every time I came out, I felt dizzy (眩晕) and the world seemed to spin. 4 , I had to walk on a narrow balance beam without falling, and I succeeded. Now that I’m here in Tiangong, I want to make every moment 5 . We will stay for about one week before returning to Earth. After that, scientists will study the changes in our bodies. Their research will help everyone better understand the 6 of life in space. Here’s to our great adventure among the stars! 1．A．left B．repaired C．entered D．followed 2．A．mice B．groups C．friends D．passengers 3．A．sleeping B．crying C．calming down D．falling off 4．A．Instead B．Immediately C．Luckily D．Nowadays 5．A．boring B．comfortable C．meaningful D．strange 6．A．colors B．effects C．length D．temperature 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．B 【导语】本文以一只太空小鼠的口吻，介绍了它与同伴从300只小鼠中经严格训练入选，搭乘神舟21号飞船进入天宫空间站的过程，以及在空间站的短期停留将为太空生命研究提供数据，助力人类探索太空生命的奥秘。 【详解】1．句意：昨晚，我们和其中三名宇航员一起进入了神舟21号飞船。 left离开；repaired修理；entered进入；followed跟随。根据下文“The trip took just over three hours and was very smooth.”可知，此处是指登上飞船开启太空之旅，“entered”符合语境。故选C。 2．句意：我们是从300只小鼠中，经过60多天的艰苦训练选拔出来的。 mice小鼠；groups组；friends朋友；passengers乘客。根据上文“I share my tiny ‘apartment’ with three other mice.”可知，此处是指选拔的对象是小鼠，“mice”符合语境。故选A。 3．句意：我用前爪紧紧抓住，不停移动后腿以避免掉下来。 sleeping睡觉；crying哭；calming down冷静；falling off掉落。根据上文“First, we had to stand on a fast-spinning rod.”可知，站在快速旋转的杆上，核心动作是“保持平衡、不坠落”，“falling off”符合训练场景。故选D。 4．句意：我必须立刻走上一根狭窄的平衡木，不能掉下来，我做到了。 Instead相反；Immediately立刻、马上；Luckily幸运地；Nowadays如今。根据上文“Every time I came out, I felt dizzy and the world seemed to spin.”和下文“I had to walk on a narrow balance beam without falling,”可知，上文提到 “从旋转舱出来后感到眩晕”，下文紧接着说 “要走平衡木”，两者动作衔接紧密、无时间间隔。“Immediately”恰好能体现这种动作连贯性，符合语境。故选B。 5．句意：既然我已经来到了天宫，我想让这里的每一刻都充满意义。 boring无聊的；comfortable舒适的；meaningful有意义的；strange奇怪的。根据下文“We will stay for about one week before returning to Earth. After that, scientists will study the changes in our bodies.”可知，停留一周后返回地球，科学家会研究“我们”身体的变化，说明小鼠的太空之旅肩负科研使命，“meaningful”符合语境。故选C。 6．句意：他们的研究将帮助所有人更好地理解太空生活的影响。 colors颜色；effects影响；length长度；temperature温度。根据上文“After that, scientists will study the changes in our bodies.”可知，研究小鼠身体的变化，目的是探究太空生活带来的影响，“effects”符合科研逻辑。故选B。 Passage 5 Backwards=Bad Luck? For thousands of years, humans have been looking up at the night sky. In doing so, we have made many interesting discoveries. Today, we know about the paths of stars. We can even predict shooting star rains. You may also have heard about the “unlucky” moment of the stars—retrograde. What is retrograde? It has to do with the way the planets move. All the planets in our solar system travel around the Sun. From Earth, we can observe the orbits of the other planets. Usually, they appear to move in the same direction. If you record their orbits night after night, however, you’ll find that they sometimes seem to go backwards in their paths. This is called retrograde. Why are the planets going backwards? Are they lost, or tired of their same old orbits? All the planets in our solar system travel at different speeds. Those closer to the Sun travel faster than those farther out. When a planet completes its orbit once, a year has passed on that planet. For example, one year is 88 Earth days on Mercury and 687 on Mars. For this reason, some planets will lap others from time to time. Those faster-moving planets will pass their slower-moving neighbors. Mercury, for example, laps Earth about three times a year. And Earth laps Mars every two years. When the Earth and another planet pass each other, an optical illusion (视错觉) is created. From Earth, it looks like the other planet changes direction and the two planets are moving on different tracks. Although retrograde is just an illusion that we see, some people think there’s more to the story. Astrology (占星学) believes that each planet’s retrograde affects people differently—even if there is no scientific basis for this belief. For example, some astrology lovers are afraid of Mercury retrograde. They believe it will affect their relationships with others. Have you ever noticed strange effects during retrogrades? What other space topics are you interested in? Let’s learn more about our stars and the sky! 1．According to the article, what is retrograde? It is a phenomenon (现象) that 2．Which of the planets travel faster, those closer to the Sun or those farther out? 3．Why do some planets lap others from time to time? 4．How often does Mercury lap Earth in its orbit? 5．When the Earth and Mercury pass each other, Mercury is moving on a new track. Isn’t it? 6．Do you think a planet’s retrograde can influence people’s luck? Give at least two reasons. 【答案】1．planets seem to go backwards in their paths 2．Those closer to the Sun travel faster. 3．Because all the planets in our solar system travel at different speeds. 4．About three times a year. 5．No, it isn’t. 6．No, I don’t think so. First, there is no scientific evidence to support the idea that a planet’s retrograde can influence people’s luck. Second, retrograde is just an optical illusion caused by the relative motion of planets. 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章解释了行星“逆行”现象的科学原理，指出这实际上是由于行星运行速度不同而产生的视觉错觉，并探讨了占星学对此的非科学解读。 【详解】1．根据第二段中“If you record their orbits night after night, however, you’ll find that they sometimes seem to go backwards in their paths. This is called retrograde.”可知，逆行是一种行星看起来在轨道上向后移动的现象，故填planets seem to go backwards in their paths。 2．根据第四段中“All the planets in our solar system travel at different speeds. Those closer to the Sun travel faster than those farther out.”可知，离太阳更近的行星移动得更快，故填Those closer to the Sun travel faster. 3．根据第四段中“All the planets in our solar system travel at different speeds. Those closer to the Sun travel faster than those farther out. For this reason, some planets will lap others from time to time.”可知，因为太阳系中的所有行星都以不同的速度运行，离太阳更近的行星移动得更快，所以有些行星会不时地超过其他行星，故填Because all the planets in our solar system travel at different speeds. 4．根据第五段中“Mercury, for example, laps Earth about three times a year.”可知，水星每年大约追上地球三次，故填About three times a year. 5．根据第七段中“When the Earth and another planet pass each other, an optical illusion (视错觉) is created. From Earth, it looks like that the other planet changes direction and the two planets are moving on different tracks.”可知，当地球和水星相互经过时，会产生一种视错觉，看起来另一个行星改变了方向，两个行星在不同的轨道上移动，但实际上水星并没有在新的轨道上移动，故填No, it isn’t. 6．本题为开放性试题，要求给出至少两个理由。根据倒数第二段中“Although retrograde is just an illusion that we see, some people think there’s more to the story. Astrology (占星学) believes that each planet’s retrograde affects people differently—even if there is no scientific basis for this belief.”可知，占星学认为行星逆行会影响人们，但这并没有科学依据，所以行星逆行不会影响人们的运气。逆行现象只是由于行星之间的相对运动而产生的视觉错觉。故可填No, I don’t think so. First, there is no scientific evidence to support the idea that a planet’s retrograde can influence people’s luck. Second, retrograde is just an optical illusion caused by the relative motion of planets. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $