6. 非谓语动词 直通新高考英语初升高精讲精练

**基本信息** 以“黄金法则”为核心，构建“概念-功能-句式”三维方法体系，通过高考真题典例系统突破非谓语动词句法功能与语境应用，提升语言理解与逻辑分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |概念与三种形式|6个热身例句+对比表|黄金法则（一谓原则）|从谓语感知切入，明确doing/done/to do的主动/被动、时间含义| |六种句法功能|含20+高考真题对点练习|先判谓语再析主被动/时间关系|按主语→宾语→表语→定语→状语→宾补递进，对应不同句法场景| |重要句式|4类核心句式+真题应用|固定结构+语境匹配|整合高频结构（如be+adj.+to do），形成“识别-判断-应用”闭环|

直通新高考英语 初升高衔接精讲精练 第六讲 非谓语动词 学习目标 1. 理解非谓语动词的概念，掌握其三种基本形式：doing（现在分词/动名词）、done（过去分词）与 to do（不定式）。 2. 熟记英语句子的“黄金法则”：在没有连词连接的情况下，一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词。 3. 掌握非谓语动词在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语的用法。 4. 学会识别非谓语动词的重要句式，并能在具体语境中选用恰当的形式。 本讲导读 非谓语动词是高中语法的“分水岭”。初中阶段你习惯“一个句子一个动词”，但高中长难句里常常是“一个谓语为主、多个非谓语为辅”。本讲帮你建立核心“黄金法则”：在没有连词的情况下，一个句子只能有一个谓语动词；其余动词必须以 doing / done / to do 的形式出现，充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。掌握它，你就能拆解高考阅读与语法填空中的大量长句，从“凭语感”走向“凭规则”。 1、 非谓语动词的概念与三种形式 Concept & Three Forms ✅ ✅ 热身：感知谓语动词 Spending too much time online is unhealthy. 花太多时间上网不利于健康。 He stood there, waiting for the bus. 他站在那里，等候公交车。 Good habits formed at youth make all the difference. 年轻时养成的良好习惯至关重要。 Struck by the flood, many villages suffered great losses. 许多村庄遭到洪水袭击，蒙受巨大损失。 Her new friends were happy to explain things to her after class. 课后，她的新朋友很乐意为她讲解知识点。 To survive the earthquake, people needed shelters. 为了在地震中活下来，人们需要避难所。 非谓语动词，是指在句中不作谓语的动词形式。当句子已经拥有了一个谓语动词时，其余的动词就必须以非谓语的形式出现，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等“谓语以外”的成分。 1. 三种基本形式 The Three Forms 形式 名称 含义 doing 现在分词 / 动名词 表示主动、进行；或用作名词。 done 过去分词 表示被动、完成。 to do 不定式 表示将来、目的。 2. 英语句子黄金法则 The Golden Rule 一个英语句子，在没有连词连接的情况下，有且只有一个谓语动词。如果句子已经有了一个谓语动词，那么其他动词只能以非谓语的形式出现，在句中作谓语以外的其他成分。 💡 💡 关键提示 连词包括并列连词和从句连词： and, but, or, because, when, if, that 等。 有连词时，两个动词可分别充当并列谓语或从句谓语，不违反“一谓”法则。 He opened the door and smiled. He will stay at home if it rains. 二、非谓语动词的六种句法功能 Six Syntactic Functions 非谓语动词在句中可以充当多种成分。下面逐一讲解其作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语的用法。 1. 作主语 Subject 非谓语动词 动名词doing 与 to do不定式可以充当句子的主语。作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. 从初中升入高中是一项巨大挑战。 To explore new courses is exciting at senior high. 在高中探索新课程令人兴奋。 对点练习 1. ________ (explore) different cultures helps us understand the world better. 2. ________ (start) my own IT company is my dream. 2. 作宾语 Object 非谓语动词动名词 doing 与 to do不定式可以充当句子的宾语。 We look forward to visiting ancient buildings. 我们期待参观古建筑。 She wants to improve her English at senior high. 她想要在高中提升英语。 You can spend three days exploring the rainforest.你可以花三天探索雨林。 ① 动词如 practise / avoid / mind / suggest / finish / enjoy doing 等及介词后用 doing； ②动词 want / wish / hope / decide / plan / agree / refuse 等后接 to do； ③ remember, forget, stop, try 等词后接 doing 与 to do 意义不同，需结合语境判断。 remember to do sth.：记得要去做某事/remember doing sth.：记得做过某事 forget to do sth.：忘记要去做某事 /forget doing sth.：忘记做过某事 stop to do sth.：停下（正在做的事）去做另一件事/stop doing sth.：停止正在做的事 try to do sth.：尽力、努力去做某事 /try doing sth.：尝试着做某事 对点练习 1. (2021全国乙卷) Minimize the impact of ________ (visit) the place. 2. (2018全国Ⅲ卷) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged. 3. (2017全国Ⅲ卷) But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ________ (rest). 4. (2017全国Ⅲ卷) Sara wants ________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. 5. He found that science is amazing and made him wish ________ (share) his positive feeling with others. 3. 作表语 Predicative 非谓语动词可作表语，说明主语的身份、特征或状态： ① 动名词doing作表语：My hobby is reading novels. ②现在分词形容词doing作表语：（如 exciting, interesting）表示“令人……的”，主语多为事物: The football match is exciting. ③ 过去分词形容词 done作表语：（如 interested, surprised）表示“感到……的”，主语多为人, 但也可以修饰表示人的属性的look/face/expression/voice/smile体现人的内在情绪投射在外表、神态、声音上: I am excited about the coming trip. There was an excited expression on her face ④ to do不定式作表语： 表示将来的动作或目的：My dream is to become an English teacher. 对点练习 1. Readers tend to share articles that are ________ (excite) or funny. 2. I became ________ (interest) in playing football thanks to a small accident. 3. Now my dream is ________ (open) a cafe. 4. 作定语 Attribute ① doing 作定语 情况：1. 动名词作前置定语表功能/用途：a washing machine 2. 现在分词作定语表示与被修饰的名词为主动关系或正在进行：The boy standing there is my brother. I love watching the falling leaves in autumn ② done 作定语的情况：表示与被修饰的名词为被动关系或已完成：The buildings destroyed in the quake needed rebuilding.We swept up the fallen leaves on the ground. ③ to do 不定式作定语的情况：1. 修饰被序数词、最高级、the only、the last 等限定的名词：He is the first student to arrive at the classroom. 2. 修饰抽象名词：way /ability/chance /opportunity/plan /decision/wish等后面：We have the chance to take different courses in senior high. 3. 不定式与中心名词存在逻辑上的动宾关系且表示要做、去做的含义：I have many tasks to finish. 对点练习 1. (2020全国Ⅱ卷) They represent the earth ________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 2. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) When we got a call ________ (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. 3. The question ________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is important. 4. (2022全国乙卷) It can help to build a community with a ________ (share) future for mankind. 5. Neil Armstrong is the first man ________ (walk) on the Moon. 6. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) Proud Irene declared she had no plans ________ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 5. 作状语 Adverbial 非谓语动词作状语，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随或方式： We’re taking the train, leaving the day before the holiday.我们搭乘火车，假期前一天出发。（伴随状语） Seen from the mountain, the city looks beautiful. 从山上望去，这座城市很美。（被动状语） To survive the disaster, people built shelters. 为从灾难中幸存，人们搭建避难所。（目的状语） He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到车站，不料发现火车已经开走了。 ① 现在分词（doing）表示和逻辑主语之间为主动、进行关系； ② 过去分词（done）表示被动、完成关系； ③ 不定式（to do）常表示目的或出乎意外的结果。 对点练习 1. (2022全国甲卷) He flew 4,700 km from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 2. (2017北京卷) Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not ________ (know) where she was heading. 3. ________ (see) from the top of the mountain, our city looks beautiful. ________ (see) from the top of the mountain, I find our city very beautiful. 4. He hurried to the hall, ________ (follow) by two guards. 5. (2020全国Ⅲ卷) The next morning he hired a boat and set out ________ (find) the well-known painter. 6. 作宾语补足语 Object Complement 非谓语动词可作宾语补足语，说明宾语的动作或状态。常见结构： ① 感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice 等）+ 宾语 + doing / done：We saw water rising in the wells. 我们看见井水不断上涨。I saw many houses destroyed by the earthquake. 我看见许多房屋被地震摧毁。 ② 使役动词 have + 宾语 + done（使某物被……或遭遇不幸）：Survivors had their houses repaired after the earthquake. 地震过后，幸存者找人修缮房屋。 He had his bike stolen last week. 上周他的自行车被偷了。 ③ allow / ask / want / advise / encourage + 宾语 + to do：Teachers encourage us to explore new hobbies. 老师鼓励我们探索新爱好。 对点练习 1. There was something wrong with his car. He had his car ________ (repair). 2. My parents advise me ________ (keep) a balanced diet. 3. I noticed many trees ________ (blow) down by the strong wind. 4. (2020全国Ⅲ卷) When he saw the mists rising and the soft clouds ________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 5. (2018全国Ⅲ卷) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay) and watch. 三、非谓语动词的重要句式 Key Sentence Patterns 非谓语动词常在以下重要句式中出现，掌握它们能大幅提升解题速度： 句式 说明 例句 be+形容词 + to do be+easy / hard / important 等 + to do They are easy to care for. 连词 + 非谓语 when / while / if /unless等 + doing / done 作状语 While doing my homework, I fell asleep. Unless asked, he kept silent 动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 leave / make / have / keep + 宾语 + doing / done 让...（处于...状态） He had the machine running all day. Nature leaves us surprised. with的复合结构 With + 宾语 + 宾补 (doing/done/to do：doing：主动 / 进行done：被动 / 完成to do：将来动作 With everything prepared, we started the task. With the guide leading the way, we got out of the forest. With a lot of work to do, I can’t go out. 对点练习 1. (2020全国Ⅱ卷) They are easy ________ (care) for and make great presents. 2. While ________ (do) my homework, I fell asleep. 3. Unless ________ (ask), he won’t offer any advice. 4. Don’t leave the machine ________ (run) when you are away. 5. With many tasks ________ (finish), we have to get up early tomorrow. ✍ ✍ 解题笔记 做语法填空时，先判断空格是否缺谓语。若句中已有谓语且无连词，则填非谓语——再看主动/被动、进行/完成、将来，确定 doing / done / to do。 课后练习 1. She was the first woman ________ (win) the international prize. 2. ________ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks amazing. 3. ________ (see) the beautiful view, many tourists took photos at once. 4. His father died, ________ (leave) him a lot of money. 5. The girl ________ (seat) by the window is my cousin. 6. I hurried to the station, only ________ (find) the train had left. 7. He had the machine ________ (run) all day long. 8. ________ (complete) the project ahead of time, the workers worked day and night. 9. The teacher entered the classroom, ________ (follow) by a group of students. 10. I find the speech very ________ (disappoint). 11. Nature is always leaving us ________ (surprise). 12. With everything ________ (prepare), we started the rescue task at once. 13. (2015 全国 Ⅰ 卷) A study of travelers ________ (conduct) by the website names Yangshuo as a top destination. 14. (2017 全国 Ⅱ 卷) The adobe dwellings ________ (build) by the Pueblo Indians are admired by architects. 15. (2018 全国 Ⅲ 卷) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes. 参考答案 六种句法功能 · 对点练习 2.1 作主语：1. Going 2. To start 2.2 作宾语：1. visiting 2. looking 3. resting 4. to prove 5. to share 2.3 作表语：1. exciting 2. interested 3. to open 2.4 作定语：1. coming 2. saying 3. discussed 4. shared 5. to walk 6. to retire 2.5 作状语：1. planning 2. knowing 3. Seen；Seeing 4. followed 5. to find（set out to do 动身去做） 2.6 作宾补：1. repaired 2. to keep 3. blown（trees 被吹倒，被动）4. surrounding 5. to stay（allow sb. to do） 重要句式 · 对点练习 1. to care（be + adj. + to do）2. doing（while + doing，状语从句省略）3. asked（unless + done，被动）4. running（leave sth. doing 让某物持续运转）5. to finish（with 复合结构，有待完成） 课后练习 1. the first 后面用不定式作后置定语 2. Seen 解析：city 和 see 是被动关系，过去分词作状语 3. Seeing 解析：tourists 主动发出 see 动作，现在分词作状语 4. leaving 解析：现在分词表自然而然的结果 5. seated 解析：be seated 表状态，过去分词作定语；seat 为及物动词，不能用 seating 6. to find 解析：only to do 表出乎意料的坏结果 7. running 解析：have sth. doing 让机器持续运转 8. To complete 解析：不定式放句首表目的 9. followed 解析：the teacher “被跟随”，被动 10. disappointing 解析：speech 为事物，令人失望的 11. surprised 解析：leave sb. surprised 使某人感到惊讶（人作感受主体） 12. prepared 解析：everything “被准备好”，被动完成 13. conducted 解析：study 是 “被开展”，过去分词作定语 14. built 解析：adobe dwellings “被建造”，被动作定语 15. looking 解析：avoid doing sth. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $