《40天记完高中688个核心单词》第19天 任务单-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

该高中英语高考复习任务单聚焦15个核心词汇（271-285），以“词汇-词形变换-短语拓展-真题应用”为架构，系统梳理mistaken、vehicle等高频词的词性、搭配及真题语境，通过任务驱动（如选词填空、单词填空）引导学生自主构建词汇知识网络，体现考点梳理的系统性与层次性。 亮点在于自主诊断与语境化实践结合，设置选词填空（20题）、单词填空（10题）及语篇翻译等活动，学生可通过核心词汇默写、词形变换默写进行自我检测，培养学习能力。融入2017-2023年真题例句，强化语言能力，助力教师掌握学情，实现个性化复习指导。

《40天记完高中688个核心单词》第19天（词汇271-285） 一、核心词汇 271. mistaken 【20次】 /mɪˈsteɪkən/ adj.错误的 v.弄错 272. vehicle 【20次】 /ˈviːəkl/ n.车辆，交通工具；（赖以表达思想、感情或达到目的的）手段，工具 273. brief 【20次】 /briːf/ adj.短暂的，简短的，简洁的 274. sharp 【20次】 /ʃɑːp/ adj.急剧的，锋利的，敏锐的 275. ordinary 【20次】 /ˈɔːdnri/ adj.平凡的，普通的 276. absorb 【19次】 /əbˈzɔːb/ v.吸收，吞没；全神贯注 277. ceremony 【19次】 /ˈserɪməni/ n.典礼；仪式 278. maintain 【19次】 /meɪnˈteɪn/ v.维持；保持；坚持（意见）；维修，保养；供养；扶养 279. consequence 【19次】 /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n.后果；结果; 重要性 280. citizen 【19次】 /ˈsɪtɪzn/ n.市民；公民 281. violence 【19次】 /ˈvaɪələns/ n.暴力，暴行; 〔言语或反应的〕愤怒﹐激烈 282. bid 【19次】 /bɪd/ v.出价，投标;〔为争取某物而作的〕努力 283. bitter 【19次】 /ˈbɪtə/ adj.苦的，痛苦的; 愤愤不平的﹐充满怨恨的 284. shame 【19次】 /ʃeɪm/ n.羞愧，耻辱；可耻的人或事物 285. bury 【19次】 /ˈberi/ v.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；把〔感情或记忆〕埋在心里 二、词形变换 1. mistake —— mistaken adj.错误的 —— mistakenly /mɪˈsteɪkənli/ adv.错误地 —— mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ n.错误 v.弄错 2. vehicle —— vehicular /vɪˈhɪkjələ/ adj.车辆的 3. brief —— briefly /ˈbriːfli/ adv.短暂地；简要地 —— briefness n.简短 —— debrief /ˌdiːˈbriːf/ v.汇报 4. sharp —— sharply /ˈʃɑːpli/ adv.急剧地；尖锐地 —— sharpen /ˈʃɑːpən/ v.使锋利 —— sharpness n.锋利 5. ordinary —— ordinarily /ˈɔːdnrəli/ adv.通常 —— extraordinary /ɪkˈstrɔːdnri/ adj.非凡的 6. absorb —— absorption /əbˈzɔːpʃn/ n.吸收 —— absorbed /əbˈzɔːbd/ adj.全神贯注的 —— absorbing /əbˈzɔːbɪŋ/ adj.引人入胜的 7. ceremony —— ceremonial /ˌserɪˈməʊniəl/ adj.仪式的 —— ceremoniously adv.隆重地 8. maintain —— maintenance /ˈmeɪntənəns/ n.维持；保养 —— maintainable adj.可维持的 9. consequent —— consequence n.后果 —— consequent /ˈkɒnsɪkwənt/ adj.随之发生的 —— consequently /ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli/ adv.因此 10. citizen n.市民 —— citizenship /ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/ n.公民身份 11. violent —— violence n.暴力 —— violent /ˈvaɪələnt/ adj.暴力的 —— violently adv.暴力地 12. bid —— bidder /ˈbɪdə/ n.投标者 —— bidding n.出价 13. bitter —— bitterly /ˈbɪtəli/ adv.痛苦地 —— bitterness /ˈbɪtənəs/ n.苦味；痛苦 14. shame —— shameful /ˈʃeɪmfl/ adj.可耻的 —— shameless /ˈʃeɪmləs/ adj.无耻的 —— ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/ adj.感到羞耻的 15. bury —— burial /ˈberiəl/ n.埋葬 —— buried /ˈberid/ adj.埋葬的 三、重要词汇短语拓展与真题例句 1. mistaken —— be mistaken about 对……有误解；in the mistaken belief that 错误地认为（2023全国乙卷）“I was mistaken about his intentions.” 2. vehicle —— motor vehicle 机动车辆（2022新高考I卷）“Cars are the most common vehicles on the road.” 3. brief —— in brief 简言之；brief introduction 简短介绍（2021全国甲卷）“He gave a brief speech.” 4. sharp —— sharp increase 急剧增长；sharp criticism 尖锐批评（2020全国II卷）“There was a sharp rise in prices.” 5. ordinary —— ordinary people 普通人；out of the ordinary 不寻常（2019全国I卷）“He is just an ordinary man.” 6. absorb —— absorb in 全神贯注于；be absorbed in 专心于（2018全国III卷）“She was absorbed in her work.” 7. ceremony —— opening ceremony 开幕式；graduation ceremony 毕业典礼（2022新高考II卷）“The ceremony was held in the hall.” 8. maintain —— maintain good health 保持健康；maintain the view 坚持观点（2021新高考I卷）“We should maintain a positive attitude.” 9. consequence —— as a consequence 因此；in consequence of 由于（2020全国I卷）“The consequences of pollution are serious.” 10. citizen —— ordinary citizens 普通市民（2019全国II卷）“Every citizen has the right to vote.” 11. violence —— domestic violence 家庭暴力；resort to violence 诉诸暴力（2018全国II卷）“Violence should never be tolerated.” 12. bid —— bid for 投标争取；make a bid for 出价（2017全国III卷）“Several companies bid for the contract.” 13. bitter —— bitter experience 痛苦的经历；bitter cold 严寒（2023新高考I卷）“The medicine tastes bitter.” 14. shame —— what a shame 真可惜；put to shame 使丢脸（2021全国乙卷）“It's a shame that you missed the show.” 15. bury —— bury oneself in 埋头于（2020全国III卷）“He buried himself in his studies.” 四、选词填空 第一组（备选词：mistaken, vehicle, brief, sharp, ordinary, absorb, ceremony, maintain, consequence, citizen） 1. I was ______ about the time of the meeting; it's actually at 3 p.m. 2. Buses and trains are the main ______ of public transportation. 3. The speaker gave a ______ introduction to the topic. 4. The company reported a ______ drop in its profits. 5. He is not a hero; he is an ______ person like you and me. 6. The students were so ______ in reading that they didn't hear the bell. 7. The wedding ______ was held in a beautiful church. 8. We need to ______ good relations with our neighbors. 9. If you don't study hard, the ______ may be serious. 10. Every ______ has the responsibility to protect the environment. 第二组（备选词：violence, bid, bitter, shame, bury, violent, bitterness, shameless, ashamed, buried） 11. The government is taking measures to stop street ______. 12. The company made a successful ______ for the construction project. 13. The coffee has a ______ taste that I don't like. 14. It is a ______ to waste so much food when people are starving. 15. The family will ______ the remains of their beloved one tomorrow. 16. The movie contains some ______ scenes. 17. The ______ of the winter cold was unbearable. 18. He is a ______ liar who never tells the truth. 19. She felt deeply ______ of her rude behavior. 20. The treasure was ______ deep underground for centuries. 五、单词填空（语法填空或首字母填空） 1. Although she had been repeatedly warned about the danger, she ______ (mistake) assumed that everything would be fine and went ahead with her original plan. 2. The unexpected ______ (brief) of the president's speech at the international conference surprised all the journalists who had prepared for a lengthy address. 3. Before cutting the thick meat, the chef carefully ______ (sharp) his knife on the stone to ensure a clean and precise cut. 4. The sudden and unexpected death of her husband completely destroyed the peaceful ______ (ordinary) of her once-happy family life. 5. The graduation c______, which had been planned for several months, finally took place in the university's magnificent hall with over a thousand guests present. 6. Regular m______ of this ancient building, which was constructed over 200 years ago, costs the local government a large amount of money each year. 7. Every responsible c______ should actively participate in community activities and contribute to the overall development of the society. 8. The ______ (violent) of the storm last night was so severe that it uprooted dozens of ancient trees in the forest. 9. After failing the exam for the third time, he spoke with great ______ (bitter) about his disappointment and his decision to give up. 10. The treasure, which had been ______ (bury) deep underground for centuries, was finally discovered by a group of archaeologists last month. 六、语篇翻译 It is a shame that many people are mistaken about the value of ordinary life. We often bury our feelings and maintain a false appearance. However, the consequences of such behavior can be bitter. Every citizen should be aware of the violence in society and try to absorb positive energy. The government has made a bid to improve public safety. A brief ceremony was held to honor the victims. We should not sharpen conflicts between different groups. Instead, we should use vehicles of communication to promote peace. Those who maintain their principles even in difficult times are truly admirable. Let us not absorb ourselves in negative thoughts, but rather, find the courage to change. 七、核心词汇默写 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 271. 错误的；弄错 ____________ 272. 车辆；交通工具；手段 ____________ 273. 短暂的；简短的 ____________ 274. 急剧的；锋利的；敏锐的 ____________ 275. 平凡的；普通的 ____________ 276. 吸收；全神贯注 ____________ 277. 典礼；仪式 ____________ 278. 维持；保持；坚持；维修 ____________ 279. 后果；结果；重要性 ____________ 280. 市民；公民 ____________ 281. 暴力；暴行 ____________ 282. 出价；投标 ____________ 283. 苦的；痛苦的；充满怨恨的 ____________ 284. 羞愧；耻辱；可耻的人/事 ____________ 285. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 ____________ 八、词形变换默写 1. mistake → ______（adj. 错误的）→ ______（adv. 错误地） 2. brief → ______（adv. 短暂地；简要地）→ ______（v. 汇报） 3. sharp → ______（adv. 急剧地）→ ______（v. 使锋利） 4. ordinary → ______（adv. 通常）→ ______（adj. 非凡的） 5. absorb → ______（n. 吸收）→ ______（adj. 全神贯注的）→ ______（adj. 引人入胜的） 6. ceremony → ______（adj. 仪式的） 7. maintain → ______（n. 维持；保养） 8. consequent → ______（n. 后果）→ ______（adv. 因此） 9. violent → ______（n. 暴力）→ ______（adj. 暴力的） 10. shame → ______（adj. 可耻的）→ ______（adj. 无耻的）→ ______（adj. 感到羞耻的） 【参考答案】 四、选词填空答案 第一组：1. mistaken 2. vehicles 3. brief 4. sharp 5. ordinary 6. absorbed 7. ceremony 8. maintain 9. consequences 10. citizen 第二组：11. violence 12. bid 13. bitter 14. shame 15. bury 16. violent 17. bitterness 18. shameless 19. ashamed 20. buried 5、 单词填空答案 1. mistakenly（副词，错误地） 2. briefness（名词，简洁，简短） 3. sharpened（动词过去式，磨快） 4. ordinariness（名词，平凡） 5. ceremony（典礼） 6. maintenance（维护，保养） 7. citizen（市民，公民） 8. violence（名词，猛烈程度） 9. bitterness（名词，痛苦） 10. buried（动词过去分词，被埋葬） 六、语篇翻译答案 许多人错误地看待普通生活的价值，这真是可惜。我们常常埋藏自己的感情，维持虚假的外表。然而，这种行为后果可能痛苦。每个公民都应意识到社会中的暴力，并努力吸收正能量。政府已出价（投标）改善公共安全。举行了一个简短的仪式纪念受害者。我们不应加剧不同群体之间的冲突。相反，我们应使用交流的工具促进和平。那些即使在困难时期也坚持原则的人真正令人钦佩。让我们不要沉溺于消极想法，而要找到改变的勇气。 七、核心词汇默写答案 271. mistaken 272. vehicle 273. brief 274. sharp 275. ordinary 276. absorb 277. ceremony 278. maintain 279. consequence 280. citizen 281. violence 282. bid 283. bitter 284. shame 285. bury 八、词形变换默写答案 1. mistaken, mistakenly 2. briefly, debrief 3. sharply, sharpen 4. ordinarily, extraordinary 5. absorption, absorbed, absorbing 6. ceremonial 7. maintenance 8. consequence, consequently 9. violence, violent 10. shameful, shameless, ashamed $