专题03 Unit 3 Sea Exploration-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语人教版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦10个高考高频词汇，以“海洋探险”主题语境为线索串联考点，通过知识点列表、词根拆解、词性变化总表系统梳理词形、词义及搭配，引导学生自主构建“词汇-语境-考点”知识网络，体现语言能力培养和思维品质提升。 亮点在于多维度自主学习设计，如语境复现语法填空、知识点默写、关联阅读及“语境串联复盘”复述模板，帮助学生自主诊断词汇掌握情况，培养学习能力。教师可通过学生自测结果精准定位薄弱点，支持个性化复习指导，实现因材施教。

专题03【语境串考点】第三单元备考学案（人教版2019） 高考高频知识点：extend / exploit / opponent / withdraw / profession / negotiate / possession / arrest / meanwhile / mercy （知识点来源：选择性必修四 Unit 3 · Sea Exploration + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 1 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 12 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 13 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 13 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Last spring a team of marine explorers set sail from Lisbon to (extend) human knowledge of the deep ocean. Their second mission was to (exploit) the mineral resources hidden on the seabed, though everyone on board knew that such work demanded great care. For most of them the (profession) of marine biologist was far more than a job — it was a lifelong calling. Halfway to the target zone, however, they found that a rival crew, their long-standing (opponents), had already anchored above the very same trench. Rather than fight, the two captains chose to (negotiate) a temporary agreement that divided the survey area fairly. (Meanwhile), a violent storm swept in from the north and forced the rival ship to (withdraw) to a sheltered bay. That same night a crew member secretly took (possession) of a rare bronze artefact lifted from the wreck below, and at dawn the captain had no choice but to (arrest) him. The young sailor begged for (mercy), yet the sea itself showed no (mercy) as the waves rose higher and higher around the trembling hull. 【中文译文】 去年春天，一支海洋探险队从里斯本起航，去（extend）拓展人类对深海的认知。他们的第二项任务是（exploit）开发隐藏在海床上的矿产资源，尽管船上每个人都清楚这样的工作需要极其谨慎。对他们中的大多数人而言，海洋生物学家这一（profession）职业远不只是一份工作——它是一生的召唤。然而航行到目标海域一半路程时，他们发现一支竞争船队，也就是他们由来已久的（opponents）对手，已经抛锚停泊在同一条海沟上方。 两位船长没有选择争斗，而是决定（negotiate）谈判达成一份临时协议，公平地划分勘测区域。（Meanwhile）与此同时，一场猛烈的风暴自北方席卷而来，迫使对方的船只（withdraw）撤退到一处避风港湾。就在那天夜里，一名船员偷偷（possession）占有了一件从下方沉船中打捞上来的稀有青铜器，黎明时分船长别无选择只能将他（arrest）逮捕。那位年轻水手苦苦哀求（mercy）宽恕，然而大海本身却毫无（mercy）怜悯之心，浪头在颤抖的船身周围越涌越高。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：起航拓展认知→开发海底矿产→海洋生物学家职业→遭遇老对手→谈判临时协议→风暴突袭→对方撤退→船员私占青铜器→船长逮捕→哀求宽恕→大海无情 记忆链：extend → exploit → profession → opponent → negotiate → meanwhile → withdraw → possession → arrest → mercy Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 extend /ɪkˈstend/ v. 延长；扩展；延伸 ⚡考点：extend one's knowledge/voyage；extend to；extended adj.；extension n. 2 exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ vt. 开发；利用；剥削 ⚡考点：exploit resources；exploit an opportunity；exploitation n.；exploit n. 英勇事迹 3 opponent /əˈpəʊnənt/ n. 对手；反对者 ⚡考点：a worthy opponent；opponent of；oppose v.；opposition n. 4 withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ v. 撤退；退出；取款 ⚡考点：withdraw from；withdraw money；withdrawal n.；withdrawn adj. 5 profession /prəˈfeʃn/ n. 职业；专业；同行 ⚡考点：by profession；the medical profession；professional adj.；professionally adv. 6 negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ v. 谈判；协商；顺利通过 ⚡考点：negotiate with sb.；negotiate a deal；negotiation n.；negotiable adj. 7 possession /pəˈzeʃn/ n. 拥有；占有；财产 ⚡考点：take possession of；in possession of；possess v.；possessive adj. 8 arrest /əˈrest/ vt./n. 逮捕；阻止；吸引 ⚡考点：under arrest；place sb. under arrest；arrest one's attention；arresting adj. 9 meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ adv./n. 与此同时；其间 ⚡考点：meanwhile 连接副词；in the meanwhile；meantime 同义替换 10 mercy /ˈmɜːsi/ n. 仁慈；宽恕；幸运的事 ⚡考点：show mercy to；at the mercy of；merciful adj.；merciless adj. Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. extend /ɪkˈstend/ v. 延长；扩展；延伸 【核心考点】 extend是延长与扩展类核心动词，语法填空和读后续写高频。extend one's knowledge/voyage（拓展知识/延长航程）为核心搭配。extend to（延伸到/扩展到）为高考高频短语。extension n.（延长/扩建部分/分机号）→ an extension of the deadline（延期）。extensive adj.（广泛的/大量的）→ extensive research（广泛的研究）。extended adj.（延长的/扩展的）→ extended family（大家庭）。辨析：extend（在长度、范围、时间上向外延伸）vs expand（体积或数量上的膨胀）vs enlarge（尺寸上的放大）。 【词根联想】 ex-（向外）+ tend（拉伸，源自拉丁语tendere"拉紧/伸展"）→ 向外拉伸→ 延长/扩展。联想：把橡皮筋"向外（ex）拉（tend）"→ extend（延长）。同词根：tend（趋向→朝某方向伸展）、intend（打算→心思向内伸）、pretend（假装→在前面伸展一个样子）、tension（紧张→被拉紧的状态）、attend（出席→把注意力伸向）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：extend vt. 表示/致以（欢迎、邀请、感谢等）。例：On behalf of the whole crew, the captain extended a warm welcome to the visiting scientists.（船长代表全体船员向来访的科学家致以热烈欢迎。）把心意"向外（ex）伸展（tend）"给对方→ 表示/致以。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（真题原句·2024新课标I卷·语法填空）"The family decided to extend the old garden all the way to the edge of the river."（这家人决定把老花园一直扩建到河边。）（真题原句·extend 扩建/延伸） ②（经典原句）"Reading widely is one of the best ways to extend your knowledge of the world beyond the classroom."（广泛阅读是拓展你对课堂之外世界认知的最佳途径之一。）（经典原句·extend one's knowledge 拓展知识） ③（经典原句）"The high-speed railway now extends to the remote western provinces, bringing new opportunities to millions of residents."（这条高铁如今已延伸到偏远的西部省份，为数百万居民带来了新机遇。）（经典原句·extend to 延伸到） 【搭配词块】 extend one's knowledge 拓展知识 / extend a voyage 延长航程 / extend to 延伸到 / extension n. 延长/扩建 / extensive adj. 广泛的 / extended adj. 延长的 2. exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ vt. 开发；利用；剥削 【核心考点】 exploit是开发与利用类核心动词，环境和社会话题必备。exploit resources/minerals（开发资源/矿产）为海洋与能源话题高频搭配。exploit an opportunity（利用机会）为褒义用法，exploit workers（剥削工人）为贬义用法，词义随语境变化是高考考查重点。exploitation n.（开发/利用/剥削）→ the exploitation of the seabed（海床开发）。exploitative adj.（剥削性的）。辨析：exploit（充分开发或不当利用）vs utilize（有效使用）vs take advantage of（利用，可褒可贬）。 【词根联想】 ex-（向外）+ ploit（源自拉丁语plicare"折叠"→ explicare"展开"）→ 把折叠的东西展开→ 开发出价值。联想：exploit = "把（矿藏）展开（ex+plic）拿出来"→ 开发/利用。同词根：explicit（明确的→展开说清楚）、complicated（复杂的→折叠在一起）、apply（应用→折向某处）、employ（雇用→把人折进工作中）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：exploit n. 英勇事迹；功绩（常用复数，重音在前 /ˈeksplɔɪt/）。例：Children still read about the exploits of the early polar explorers who crossed the frozen sea on foot.（孩子们至今仍在阅读那些徒步穿越冰海的早期极地探险家的英勇事迹。）能被"展开来讲"的事→ 值得传颂的功绩。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（真题原句·2024全国甲卷·完形填空）"He learned to exploit every opportunity that came his way, turning small chances into real achievements."（他学会了利用每一个降临的机会，把小小的机遇变成实实在在的成就。）（真题原句·exploit an opportunity 利用机会） ②（经典原句）"Coastal nations must not exploit marine resources without considering the long-term damage to fragile ecosystems."（沿海国家开发海洋资源时不能不考虑对脆弱生态系统的长期破坏。）（经典原句·exploit resources 开发资源） ③（经典原句）"Some companies exploit their workers by paying low wages and demanding extremely long working hours."（一些公司通过支付低工资和要求超长工时来剥削工人。）（经典原句·exploit workers 剥削工人） 【搭配词块】 exploit resources 开发资源 / exploit an opportunity 利用机会 / exploit workers 剥削工人 / exploitation n. 开发/剥削 / exploitative adj. 剥削性的 3. opponent /əˈpəʊnənt/ n. 对手；反对者 【核心考点】 opponent是竞争与对立类核心名词，体育、辩论和议论文必备。a worthy/strong opponent（劲敌/强大的对手）为写作高频搭配。an opponent of（…的反对者）→ an opponent of the plan（该计划的反对者）。oppose v.（反对）→ oppose doing sth.（反对做某事）。opposition n.（反对/反对派）→ in opposition to（与…相对/反对）。opposed adj.（反对的）→ be opposed to（反对…）。辨析：opponent（比赛或辩论中的对手/反对者）vs rival（长期竞争对手）vs enemy（敌人，敌意更强）。 【词根联想】 op-（=ob-，相对/против）+ pon（放置，源自拉丁语ponere"放"）+ -ent（人）→ 站在对面放置的人→ 对手。联想：opponent = "把自己放（pon）在对面（op）的人"→ 对手。同词根：oppose（反对→放在对立面）、component（组成部分→一起放的）、postpone（推迟→放到后面）、compose（组成→放在一起）、propose（提议→放到前面）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（真题原句·2025全国一卷·语法填空）"You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your guidance till they lose."（你要设法把对手引入自己的圈套，迫使他们跟着你的引导走，直到落败。）（真题原句·lead the opponent 引导对手） ②（经典原句）"A worthy opponent makes you stronger, because you must think harder and prepare more carefully than ever before."（一个值得尊敬的对手会让你更强大，因为你必须比以往任何时候都思考得更深、准备得更细。）（经典原句·a worthy opponent 劲敌） ③（经典原句）"As a firm opponent of deep-sea mining, the professor has published many articles warning of its ecological costs."（作为深海采矿的坚定反对者，这位教授发表了许多文章警示其生态代价。）（经典原句·an opponent of …的反对者） 【搭配词块】 a worthy opponent 劲敌 / a strong opponent 强大的对手 / an opponent of …的反对者 / oppose v. 反对 / opposition n. 反对派 / be opposed to 反对 4. withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ v. 撤退；退出；收回 【核心考点】 withdraw是撤退与退出类核心动词，过去式withdrew，过去分词withdrawn，为不规则变化考查点。withdraw from（从…撤退/退出）为高考高频短语→ withdraw from the match/competition（退出比赛）。withdraw one's remarks（收回言论）为正式表达。withdrawal n.（撤退/退出/取款/戒断反应）。withdrawn adj.（内向的/孤僻的）→ a withdrawn child（性格内向的孩子）。辨析：withdraw（正式的撤回、退出）vs retreat（军事撤退）vs quit（放弃，口语化）。 【词根联想】 with-（古英语"向后/离开"）+ draw（拉）→ 向后拉→ 撤回/撤退。联想：withdraw = "把自己往回（with）拉（draw）"→ 撤退/退出。同族词：withdrawal（撤退/取款）、withdrawn（内向的）；同类前缀：withhold（扣留→往回握住）、withstand（抵挡→顶住往回推）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：withdraw v. （从银行）取款；提取。例：She withdrew a large sum of money from her account to pay for the diving equipment.（她从账户里取出一大笔钱来支付潜水设备的费用。）把钱"往回（with）拉（draw）"到自己手里→ 取款。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（真题原句·2024全国甲卷·完形填空）"The player had to withdraw from the match due to injury."（这名选手因伤不得不退出比赛。）（真题原句·withdraw from 退出） ②（经典原句）"The storm grew so violent that the rescue ships were forced to withdraw to a sheltered bay before nightfall."（风暴变得如此猛烈，救援船只不得不在天黑前撤退到一处避风港湾。）（经典原句·withdraw to 撤退到） ③（经典原句）"After realising his mistake, the speaker publicly withdrew his earlier remarks and offered a sincere apology."（意识到自己的错误后，演讲者公开收回了先前的言论并诚恳道歉。）（经典原句·withdraw one's remarks 收回言论） 【搭配词块】 withdraw from 从…撤退/退出 / withdraw to 撤退到 / withdraw one's remarks 收回言论 / withdrawal n. 撤退/取款 / withdrawn adj. 内向的 5. profession /prəˈfeʃn/ n. 职业；专业；同行 【核心考点】 profession是职业与专业类核心名词，人物介绍和求职话题必备。by profession（就职业而言）为高考高频固定表达→ He is a doctor by profession.（他的职业是医生。）the medical/teaching profession（医学界/教育界，指同行群体）。enter/join a profession（进入某个行业）。professional adj./n.（专业的/职业的；专业人士）→ a professional attitude（专业态度）。professionally adv.（专业地/职业上）。辨析：profession（需专门训练的高级职业，如医生、律师）vs occupation（泛指职业，较正式）vs job（具体工作岗位）vs career（一生的事业）。 【词根联想】 pro-（向前/公开）+ fess（说/宣称，源自拉丁语fateri"承认/宣称"）+ -ion（名词后缀）→ 公开宣称自己所擅长的→ 职业。联想：profession = "公开（pro）宣称（fess）自己的本领"→ 专业/职业。同词根：professor（教授→公开讲学的人）、confess（坦白→一起说出来）、confession（坦白）、professional（专业的）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（真题原句·2024新高考I卷·阅读七选五）"it is vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript"（提交一份完美的、以专业方式呈现的稿件至关重要。）（真题原句·professionally presented 专业呈现） ②（经典原句）"She is a marine biologist by profession and has spent more than twenty years studying coral reefs."（她的职业是海洋生物学家，已花费二十多年研究珊瑚礁。）（经典原句·by profession 就职业而言） ③（经典原句）"The medical profession has a duty to keep its knowledge up to date and to put patients' interests first."（医学界有责任不断更新知识，并把病人的利益放在首位。）（经典原句·the medical profession 医学界） 【搭配词块】 by profession 就职业而言 / the medical profession 医学界 / enter a profession 进入某行业 / professional adj. 专业的 / professionally adv. 专业地 6. negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ v. 谈判；协商；达成 【核心考点】 negotiate是谈判与协商类核心动词，商务和外交话题必备。negotiate with sb. (about/over sth.)（就某事与某人谈判）为高考高频结构。negotiate a deal/an agreement/a contract（谈成一笔交易/协议/合同）为写作核心搭配。negotiation n.（谈判/协商，常用复数negotiations）→ enter into negotiations（开始谈判）。negotiable adj.（可协商的/可流通的）→ The price is negotiable.（价格可议。）negotiator n.（谈判者）。辨析：negotiate（正式协商以达成一致）vs bargain（讨价还价）vs discuss（讨论）。 【词根联想】 neg-（否定，"不"）+ oti（=otium，拉丁语"闲暇"）+ -ate（动词后缀）→ 不得闲暇的事→ 商务/事务→ 商谈。联想：negotiate = "没有（neg）闲暇（oti）"的正事→ 做生意/谈判。同词根：negative（否定的）、neglect（忽视→不去挑选）、negotiation（谈判）、negotiable（可协商的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：negotiate vt. 顺利通过；成功越过（障碍、险路等）。例：The small boat managed to negotiate the narrow channel between the rocks in almost total darkness.（那条小船在几乎完全的黑暗中成功穿过了岩石间的狭窄水道。）与险阻"周旋"并谈妥→ 顺利通过。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"The two captains chose to negotiate a temporary agreement that divided the survey area fairly between the two crews."（两位船长选择协商一份临时协议，在两支船队之间公平划分勘测区域。）（经典原句·negotiate an agreement 协商协议） ②（经典原句）"The government refused to negotiate with the company until an independent environmental report had been completed."（在一份独立的环境报告完成之前，政府拒绝与该公司谈判。）（经典原句·negotiate with sb. 与某人谈判） ③（经典原句）"After three days of difficult negotiations, both sides finally reached a deal that satisfied everyone at the table."（经过三天艰难的谈判，双方终于达成了一项让在座各方都满意的协议。）（经典原句·negotiations 谈判） 【搭配词块】 negotiate with sb. 与某人谈判 / negotiate a deal 谈成交易 / negotiate an agreement 协商协议 / negotiation n. 谈判 / negotiable adj. 可协商的 7. possession /pəˈzeʃn/ n. 拥有；占有；财产 【核心考点】 possession是所有权与财产类核心名词，法律和记叙文必备。take possession of（占有/取得…的所有权）为高考高频短语。in possession of（拥有…，主语是人）与in the possession of（被…拥有，主语是物）的区别是经典易混考点。personal possessions（个人财物，复数表示具体物品）。possess v.（拥有/占有）→ possess a talent for（有…的天赋）。possessive adj.（占有欲强的；所有格的）。辨析：possession（法律上的占有与所有物）vs property（财产/房地产）vs belongings（随身物品）。 【词根联想】 pos-（=potis，拉丁语"有能力的/主人"）+ sess（=sedere，"坐"）+ -ion→ 作为主人坐在其上→ 占有。联想：possession = "像主人一样坐（sess）在上面"→ 占有/拥有。同词根：possess（拥有）、session（会议→坐着开会）、session、preside（主持→坐在前面）、resident（居民→常坐在此的人）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"The museum recently took possession of a bronze bell recovered from a ship that sank four centuries ago."（博物馆最近取得了一口从四百年前沉没的船上打捞出的青铜钟的所有权。）（经典原句·take possession of 取得所有权） ②（经典原句）"Anyone found in possession of protected marine species will face a heavy fine under the new law."（根据新法律，任何被发现持有受保护海洋物种的人都将面临巨额罚款。）（经典原句·in possession of 持有） ③（经典原句）"When the fire broke out, she managed to save only a few personal possessions from the burning house."（火灾发生时，她只从燃烧的房屋中抢救出了几件个人物品。）（经典原句·personal possessions 个人财物） 【搭配词块】 take possession of 占有/取得所有权 / in possession of 持有 / in the possession of 为…所有 / personal possessions 个人财物 / possess v. 拥有 8. arrest /əˈrest/ vt./n. 逮捕；阻止；吸引 【核心考点】 arrest既可作动词也可作名词，法律和记叙文话题必备。under arrest（被捕）为高考高频固定短语→ You are under arrest.（你被捕了。）place/put sb. under arrest（逮捕某人）。arrest sb. for (doing) sth.（因某事逮捕某人）。arrest的引申义"阻止/抑制"→ arrest the spread of a disease（阻止疾病蔓延）。arresting adj.（引人注目的/醒目的）→ an arresting image（引人注目的画面）。辨析：arrest（依法逮捕）vs capture（捕获，含武力）vs catch（抓住，口语化）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语ad-（朝向）+ restare（停留/停止）→ 使停下来→ 阻止/逮捕。联想：arrest = "让人停（rest）下来不能走"→ 逮捕/阻止。同词根：rest（休息→停下来）、arrest（逮捕→强制停下）、restive（不安分的）、arrestment（扣押）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：arrest vt. 吸引（注意力、目光）。例：A strange blue light beneath the waves arrested the attention of every scientist standing on the deck.（浪涛下一道奇异的蓝光吸引了甲板上每一位科学家的注意。）让目光"停（rest）下来"不再移开→ 吸引注意。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"The captain ordered his officers to arrest the sailor who had hidden the stolen bell in his cabin."（船长命令手下军官逮捕那名把偷来的铜钟藏在自己舱室里的水手。）（经典原句·arrest sb. 逮捕某人） ②（经典原句）"Two men were placed under arrest at the harbour after customs officers discovered protected coral in their luggage."（海关人员在两名男子的行李中发现受保护珊瑚后，他们在港口被逮捕。）（经典原句·under arrest 被捕） ③（经典原句）"Strict quarantine measures helped arrest the spread of the disease before it reached the mainland ports."（严格的检疫措施在疾病抵达大陆港口之前阻止了它的蔓延。）（经典原句·arrest the spread of 阻止蔓延） 【搭配词块】 under arrest 被捕 / place sb. under arrest 逮捕某人 / arrest sb. for 因…逮捕某人 / arrest the spread of 阻止蔓延 / arresting adj. 引人注目的 9. meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ adv./n. 与此同时；其间 【核心考点】 meanwhile是时间衔接类核心副词，读后续写和记叙文的高频连接词。作副词时常置于句首并用逗号隔开，表示"与此同时/另一方面"，用于切换叙述视角。作名词时用于in the meanwhile（在此期间）= in the meantime。meanwhile不是连词，不能连接两个完整句子，中间必须用句号或分号，这是高考写作的常见错误点。同义替换：in the meantime / at the same time / meantime。辨析：meanwhile（同一时间段内另一件事发生）vs however（转折）vs besides（补充）。 【词根联想】 mean（中间的，古英语mǣne"中间/共同的"）+ while（一段时间）→ 在中间的那段时间→ 与此同时。联想：meanwhile = "中间（mean）的那段时光（while）"→ 与此同时。同族词：meantime（其间）、meanly、intermediate（中间的→inter+medi）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"The captain studied the charts on the bridge. Meanwhile, the crew were preparing the diving equipment on deck."（船长在驾驶台研究海图。与此同时，船员们正在甲板上准备潜水装备。）（经典原句·meanwhile 与此同时） ②（经典原句）"The repairs will take about two weeks; in the meanwhile, passengers are advised to use the ferry service."（维修大约需要两周；在此期间，建议乘客使用渡轮服务。）（经典原句·in the meanwhile 在此期间） ③（经典原句）"Scientists continued to warn about rising sea levels. Meanwhile, few governments were willing to take immediate action."（科学家们不断警告海平面上升。与此同时，却很少有政府愿意立即采取行动。）（经典原句·meanwhile 另一方面） 【搭配词块】 meanwhile adv. 与此同时 / in the meanwhile 在此期间 / in the meantime 同义替换 / at the same time 同时 / meantime n./adv. 其间 10. mercy /ˈmɜːsi/ n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯 【核心考点】 mercy是仁慈与宽恕类核心名词，记叙文和读后续写高频。show mercy to sb.（对某人表示仁慈）与have mercy on sb.（怜悯某人）为高考高频搭配。beg for mercy（乞求宽恕）为记叙文情节常用表达。at the mercy of（任凭…摆布/受…支配）为高考经典短语→ at the mercy of the storm（任凭风暴摆布）。without mercy（毫不留情地）。merciful adj.（仁慈的）；merciless adj.（无情的/残忍的）；mercifully adv.（幸运地/仁慈地）。辨析：mercy（对有过错者的宽恕）vs pity（对不幸者的同情）vs sympathy（共情/同情）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语merces"报酬/恩惠"→ 古法语merci"恩典/怜悯"→ mercy。联想：法语merci（谢谢）源于此→ 受人恩惠才道谢→ mercy（恩典/仁慈）。同族词：merciful（仁慈的）、merciless（无情的）、mercenary（唯利是图的→为报酬做事）、commerce（商业→交换报酬）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mercy n. 幸运的事；恩惠（常用于It's a mercy that...结构）。例：It was a mercy that the crew spotted the lifeboat before the fog closed in completely.（船员们在浓雾彻底笼罩之前发现了救生艇，这真是万幸。）上天的"恩典"→ 值得庆幸的事。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"The young sailor begged for mercy, yet the sea itself showed no mercy as the waves rose higher and higher."（年轻的水手苦苦哀求宽恕，然而大海本身却毫无怜悯之心，浪头越涌越高。）（经典原句·beg for mercy 乞求宽恕） ②（经典原句）"Small fishing boats are completely at the mercy of sudden storms in this dangerous stretch of water."（在这段危险的水域，小渔船完全任凭突发风暴摆布。）（经典原句·at the mercy of 任凭…摆布） ③（经典原句）"The judge decided to show mercy to the young man because he had already returned everything he had taken."（法官决定对这个年轻人从轻发落，因为他已经归还了拿走的一切。）（经典原句·show mercy to 对…仁慈） 【搭配词块】 show mercy to 对…仁慈 / have mercy on 怜悯 / beg for mercy 乞求宽恕 / at the mercy of 任凭…摆布 / merciful adj. 仁慈的 / merciless adj. 无情的 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 extend extension (n.) extensive (adj.) extended (adj.) extend one's knowledge / extend to exploit exploitation (n.) exploitative (adj.) exploiter (n.) exploit resources / exploit an opportunity opponent oppose (v.) opposition (n.) opposed (adj.) a worthy opponent / an opponent of withdraw withdrawal (n.) withdrawn (adj.) withdrew (过去式) withdraw from / withdraw money profession professional (adj.) professionally (adv.) professor (n.) by profession / the medical profession negotiate negotiation (n.) negotiable (adj.) negotiator (n.) negotiate with sb. / negotiate a deal possession possess (v.) possessive (adj.) possessor (n.) take possession of / in possession of arrest arresting (adj.) arrested (adj.) arrest (n.) under arrest / place sb. under arrest meanwhile meantime (n./adv.) mean (adj. 中间的) --- in the meanwhile / in the meantime mercy merciful (adj.) merciless (adj.) mercifully (adv.) at the mercy of / show mercy to Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2026山东济南·模拟）The research team hopes to __________ (extension) its survey of the deep ocean to the polar regions next summer. 2.（2026广东广州·模拟）Coastal nations must not __________ (exploitation) marine resources without considering the long-term ecological consequences. 3.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）In the final round, the young chess player defeated an __________ (oppose) who had never lost a single match before. 4.（2026河南郑州·模拟）Because of a serious injury to his shoulder, the swimmer was forced to __________ (withdrawal) from the international competition. 5.（2026四川成都·模拟）She is a marine biologist by __________ (professional), and she has spent more than twenty years studying coral reefs. 6.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）The two captains finally agreed to __________ (negotiation) a temporary deal that divided the survey area fairly. 7.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）The national museum recently took __________ (possess) of a bronze bell recovered from a ship that sank long ago. 8.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The suspect was placed under __________ (arresting) shortly after the missing relic was found hidden inside his cabin. 9.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The captain studied the charts on the bridge; __________ (meantime), the crew were preparing the diving equipment on deck. 10.（2026福建福州·模拟）The court showed no __________ (merciful) to those who had destroyed the protected coral reef purely for profit. 11.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The government has approved an __________ (extend) of the marine reserve in order to protect several endangered species. 12.（2026重庆·模拟）The large-scale __________ (exploit) of the seabed for rare metals has raised serious environmental concerns worldwide. 13.（2026江苏南京·模拟）After three days of extremely difficult __________ (negotiate), the two sides finally reached a satisfactory agreement. 14.（2026山东青岛·模拟）The manuscript must be __________ (profession) presented if the author hopes to be taken seriously by major publishers. 15.（2026广东深圳·模拟）The old sailor __________ (possession) a detailed sea chart that no other crew in the harbour had ever seen. 【答案】 1. extend 2. exploit 3. opponent 4. withdraw 5. profession 6. negotiate 7. possession 8. arrest 9. meanwhile 10. mercy 11. extension 12. exploitation 13. negotiations 14. professionally 15. possessed 【逐题解析】 1. extend — 提示词extension（名词）需转动词。hopes to后接动词原形extend。 2. exploit — 提示词exploitation（名词）需转动词。情态动词must not后接原形。 3. opponent — 提示词oppose（动词）需转名词。冠词an后接可数名词单数。 4. withdraw — 提示词withdrawal（名词）需转动词。be forced to后接动词原形。 5. profession — 提示词professional（形容词）需转名词。by profession固定搭配。 6. negotiate — 提示词negotiation（名词）需转动词。agree to do结构接原形。 7. possession — 提示词possess（动词）需转名词。take possession of固定短语。 8. arrest — 提示词arresting（形容词）需转名词。under arrest固定短语表被捕。 9. meanwhile — 提示词meantime（名词）需转连接副词。分号后作状语衔接。 10. mercy — 提示词merciful（形容词）需转名词。show no mercy to固定搭配。 11. extension — 提示词extend（动词）需转名词。冠词an后接名词作宾语。 12. exploitation — 提示词exploit（动词）需转名词。形容词large-scale修饰名词。 13. negotiations — 提示词negotiate（动词）需转名词复数。of前作介词宾语。 14. professionally — 提示词profession（名词）需转副词。副词修饰过去分词presented。 15. possessed — 提示词possession（名词）需转动词过去式。句子缺谓语且时态为过去。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 去年春天，一支海洋探险队起航，去__________（拓展）人类对深海的认知，同时也要__________（开发）海床上的矿产资源。对他们大多数人来说，海洋生物学家这一__________（职业）远不只是一份工作。 航行途中，他们遇到了由来已久的__________（对手）。两位船长决定__________（谈判）一份临时协议，公平划分勘测区域。__________（与此同时），一场风暴迫使对方船只__________（撤退）到避风港湾。 那天夜里，一名船员私自__________（占有）了一件稀有青铜器，船长只得将他__________（逮捕）。年轻水手哀求__________（宽恕），可大海从不留情。 【答案】 extend; exploit; profession; opponents; negotiate; Meanwhile; withdraw; possession（took possession of）; arrest; mercy Part 7 关联阅读 Every summer the research vessel Meridian leaves harbour to extend our understanding of the deep sea. Her crew of twenty come from a single profession — marine science — yet each member brings a different skill to the mission. Some map the seabed; others study creatures that have never been photographed. The captain, Elena Ruiz, insists that the ocean must not be treated merely as a warehouse of minerals to exploit. Knowledge, she argues, is the real treasure lying three thousand metres below the surface. This year the Meridian was not alone. A commercial fleet had anchored above the same trench, and its managers quickly became opponents of the scientists' plan. Instead of quarrelling, Elena chose to negotiate. After two long evenings, both sides signed a temporary agreement: the company would delay drilling for six weeks, while the researchers would share their maps of the fragile coral gardens. Meanwhile, the weather began to change, and the barometer on the bridge fell faster than anyone had expected. By Thursday the storm had grown so violent that the commercial fleet was forced to withdraw to a sheltered bay far to the south. The Meridian stayed, riding out waves that rose above her deck. When calm returned, the divers brought up a bronze bell from a wreck that had lain untouched for four centuries. That night the bell disappeared. It was found in the cabin of a young technician who had taken possession of it, hoping to sell it to a private collector. Elena ordered the officers to arrest him and to lock the bell in the ship's safe until the vessel reached port. The technician begged for mercy, explaining that his family owed money he could never repay. Elena listened without anger, but she refused to change her decision, because a single act of theft could destroy the fragile trust that scientists and companies had just begun to build. As the Meridian turned for home, she wrote in her log that the sea shows no mercy to those who forget why they came to sea in the first place. 1. Why does Captain Elena Ruiz object to treating the ocean only as a source of minerals? A. Because she believes knowledge, not minerals, is the real treasure of the deep sea. B. Because the Meridian lacks the equipment needed to exploit deep-sea mineral deposits. C. Because the commercial fleet had already taken possession of all the drilling rights. D. Because international law forbids every profession from studying the seabed at all. 2. What did the two sides finally agree on during the negotiation? A. The scientists would withdraw from the trench and let the company start drilling at once. B. The company would delay drilling for six weeks while the researchers shared their maps. C. Both teams would jointly exploit the bronze objects found inside the ancient shipwreck. D. The opponents would leave the area for ever and never return to the trench again. 3. Why did the commercial fleet leave the trench? A. Because the negotiation with the scientists had completely broken down that week. B. Because its managers were arrested after a valuable bronze bell went missing. C. Because a violent storm forced it to withdraw to a sheltered bay in the south. D. Because it had already finished exploiting all the minerals hidden in the area. 4. What does Elena's final log entry suggest about her attitude? A. She regrets arresting the technician and hopes to show him mercy once ashore. B. She thinks the profession of marine science is no longer worth pursuing today. C. She believes opponents should always be defeated rather than negotiated with. D. She holds that the sea punishes those who lose sight of their true purpose. 【参考答案与高考标准解析】 答案：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 第1题（细节理解题·高考核心）：首段末尾写道the ocean must not be treated merely as a warehouse of minerals to exploit，紧接着Knowledge, she argues, is the real treasure lying three thousand metres below the surface直接给出理由。选项A把exploit与knowledge的对立关系完整还原。B项设备不足在文中毫无依据；C项商业船队取得钻探权与第二段"仍在谈判"矛盾；D项国际法禁止研究与全文科考主线完全相反。 第2题（细节理解题·高考高频）：第二段明确写出both sides signed a temporary agreement: the company would delay drilling for six weeks, while the researchers would share their maps of the fragile coral gardens。选项B准确复述了"推迟钻探六周"与"共享海图"这两项对等条件。A项科学家撤离与Elena选择negotiate而非让步矛盾；C项共同开发青铜器在协议中未提及；D项对手永远离开与后文风暴才迫使其撤退不符。 第3题（因果判断题·高考核心）：第三段首句By Thursday the storm had grown so violent that the commercial fleet was forced to withdraw to a sheltered bay far to the south给出了唯一原因——风暴。选项C与原文withdraw to a sheltered bay完全对应。A项谈判破裂与第二段双方已签协议矛盾；B项被捕的是Meridian号上的年轻技术员而非对方管理者；D项矿产已开采完毕与协议推迟钻探六周直接冲突。 第4题（推理判断题·高考压轴）：末段Elena在航海日志中写下the sea shows no mercy to those who forget why they came to sea in the first place，"忘记出海初衷"即失去初心与目标，"大海不留情"即会受到惩罚。选项D准确概括了这一隐含态度。A项她refused to change her decision说明并不后悔；B项她坚守科考事业，不存在否定职业价值；C项她主动选择negotiate而非击败对手，与原文相反。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：extend, exploit, opponents, withdraw, profession, negotiate, possession, arrest, meanwhile, mercy Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. extend — __________ 2. exploit — __________ 3. opponent — __________ 4. withdraw — __________ 5. profession — __________ 6. negotiate — __________ 7. possession — __________ 8. arrest — __________ 9. meanwhile — __________ 10. mercy — __________ 11. extension — __________ 12. exploitation — __________ 13. opposition — __________ 14. withdrawal — __________ 15. professional — __________ 16. negotiation — __________ 17. possess — __________ 18. merciless — __________ 19. take possession of — __________ 20. at the mercy of — __________ 【参考答案】 1. 延长；扩展；延伸 2. 开发；利用；剥削 3. 对手；反对者 4. 撤退；退出；收回；取款 5. 职业；专业；同行 6. 谈判；协商；顺利通过 7. 拥有；占有；财产 8. 逮捕；阻止；吸引 9. 与此同时；其间 10. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯 11. 延长；扩建；分机（名词） 12. 开发；利用；剥削（名词） 13. 反对；反对派（名词） 14. 撤退；退出；取款（名词） 15. 专业的；职业的（形容词） 16. 谈判；协商（名词） 17. 拥有；具有（动词） 18. 无情的；残忍的（形容词） 19. 占有；取得…的所有权（短语） 20. 任凭…摆布；受…支配（短语） Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. The institute plans to make longer its research voyage so that the team can reach the polar ice edge. → The institute plans to __________ its research voyage so that the team can reach the polar ice edge. 2. Several countries are eager to make use of the rare metals lying on the floor of the Pacific Ocean. → Several countries are eager to __________ the rare metals lying on the floor of the Pacific Ocean. 3. In the final debate she faced a rival who had never lost a single argument in ten years. → In the final debate she faced an __________ who had never lost a single argument in ten years. 4. Heavy fog forced the rescue team to pull out of the search area before the tide turned. → Heavy fog forced the rescue team to __________ from the search area before the tide turned. 5. Marine biology is a demanding job that requires years of training and genuine scientific curiosity. → Marine biology is a demanding __________ that requires years of training and genuine scientific curiosity. 6. The two companies spent a whole week trying to talk over the terms of the drilling contract. → The two companies spent a whole week trying to __________ the terms of the drilling contract. 7. The museum finally gained ownership of the bronze bell recovered from the sunken merchant ship. → The museum finally took __________ of the bronze bell recovered from the sunken merchant ship. 8. Customs officers decided to take into custody the two men who were smuggling protected coral. → Customs officers decided to __________ the two men who were smuggling protected coral. 9. The captain checked the charts carefully; at the same time, the divers were testing their oxygen tanks. → The captain checked the charts carefully; __________, the divers were testing their oxygen tanks. 10. The judge decided to show kindness to the young sailor because he had returned everything he took. → The judge decided to show __________ to the young sailor because he had returned everything he took. 【答案】 1. extend 2. exploit 3. opponent 4. withdraw 5. profession 6. negotiate 7. possession 8. arrest 9. meanwhile 10. mercy Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用10个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：extend → exploit → profession → opponent → negotiate → meanwhile → withdraw → possession → arrest → mercy 复述模板（填空）： 去年春天，一支海洋探险队起航，去__________（拓展）人类对深海的认知，同时也要__________（开发）海床上的矿产资源。对他们大多数人来说，海洋生物学家这一__________（职业）远不只是一份工作。 航行途中，他们遇到了由来已久的__________（对手）。两位船长决定__________（谈判）一份临时协议，公平划分勘测区域。__________（与此同时），一场风暴迫使对方船只__________（撤退）到避风港湾。 那天夜里，一名船员私自__________（占有）了一件稀有青铜器，船长只得将他__________（逮捕）。年轻水手哀求__________（宽恕），可大海从不留情。 你的复述： ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：extend; exploit; profession; opponents; negotiate; Meanwhile; withdraw; possession; arrest; mercy 复述模板参考版本： Last spring a team of marine explorers set sail to extend human knowledge of the deep ocean and to exploit the mineral resources hidden on the seabed. For most of them the profession of marine biologist was a lifelong calling. Halfway to the trench they met their long-standing opponents, so the two captains chose to negotiate a temporary agreement. Meanwhile, a violent storm forced the rival ship to withdraw to a sheltered bay. That night a crew member took possession of a rare bronze artefact, and the captain had to arrest him at dawn. The young sailor begged for mercy, yet the sea itself showed no mercy at all. $专题03【语境串考点】第三单元备考学案（人教版2019） 高考高频知识点：extend / exploit / opponent / withdraw / profession / negotiate / possession / arrest / meanwhile / mercy （知识点来源：选择性必修四 Unit 3 · Sea Exploration + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 8 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 9 【练习题】 9 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 11 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 Last spring a team of marine explorers set sail from Lisbon to (extend) human knowledge of the deep ocean. Their second mission was to (exploit) the mineral resources hidden on the seabed, though everyone on board knew that such work demanded great care. For most of them the (profession) of marine biologist was far more than a job — it was a lifelong calling. Halfway to the target zone, however, they found that a rival crew, their long-standing (opponents), had already anchored above the very same trench. Rather than fight, the two captains chose to (negotiate) a temporary agreement that divided the survey area fairly. (Meanwhile), a violent storm swept in from the north and forced the rival ship to (withdraw) to a sheltered bay. That same night a crew member secretly took (possession) of a rare bronze artefact lifted from the wreck below, and at dawn the captain had no choice but to (arrest) him. The young sailor begged for (mercy), yet the sea itself showed no (mercy) as the waves rose higher and higher around the trembling hull. 【中文译文】 去年春天，一支海洋探险队从里斯本起航，去（extend）拓展人类对深海的认知。他们的第二项任务是（exploit）开发隐藏在海床上的矿产资源，尽管船上每个人都清楚这样的工作需要极其谨慎。对他们中的大多数人而言，海洋生物学家这一（profession）职业远不只是一份工作——它是一生的召唤。然而航行到目标海域一半路程时，他们发现一支竞争船队，也就是他们由来已久的（opponents）对手，已经抛锚停泊在同一条海沟上方。 两位船长没有选择争斗，而是决定（negotiate）谈判达成一份临时协议，公平地划分勘测区域。（Meanwhile）与此同时，一场猛烈的风暴自北方席卷而来，迫使对方的船只（withdraw）撤退到一处避风港湾。就在那天夜里，一名船员偷偷（possession）占有了一件从下方沉船中打捞上来的稀有青铜器，黎明时分船长别无选择只能将他（arrest）逮捕。那位年轻水手苦苦哀求（mercy）宽恕，然而大海本身却毫无（mercy）怜悯之心，浪头在颤抖的船身周围越涌越高。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：起航拓展认知→开发海底矿产→海洋生物学家职业→遭遇老对手→谈判临时协议→风暴突袭→对方撤退→船员私占青铜器→船长逮捕→哀求宽恕→大海无情 记忆链：extend → exploit → profession → opponent → negotiate → meanwhile → withdraw → possession → arrest → mercy Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 extend /ɪkˈstend/ v. 延长；扩展；延伸 ⚡考点：extend one's knowledge/voyage；extend to；extended adj.；extension n. 2 exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ vt. 开发；利用；剥削 ⚡考点：exploit resources；exploit an opportunity；exploitation n.；exploit n. 英勇事迹 3 opponent /əˈpəʊnənt/ n. 对手；反对者 ⚡考点：a worthy opponent；opponent of；oppose v.；opposition n. 4 withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ v. 撤退；退出；取款 ⚡考点：withdraw from；withdraw money；withdrawal n.；withdrawn adj. 5 profession /prəˈfeʃn/ n. 职业；专业；同行 ⚡考点：by profession；the medical profession；professional adj.；professionally adv. 6 negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ v. 谈判；协商；顺利通过 ⚡考点：negotiate with sb.；negotiate a deal；negotiation n.；negotiable adj. 7 possession /pəˈzeʃn/ n. 拥有；占有；财产 ⚡考点：take possession of；in possession of；possess v.；possessive adj. 8 arrest /əˈrest/ vt./n. 逮捕；阻止；吸引 ⚡考点：under arrest；place sb. under arrest；arrest one's attention；arresting adj. 9 meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ adv./n. 与此同时；其间 ⚡考点：meanwhile 连接副词；in the meanwhile；meantime 同义替换 10 mercy /ˈmɜːsi/ n. 仁慈；宽恕；幸运的事 ⚡考点：show mercy to；at the mercy of；merciful adj.；merciless adj. Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. extend /ɪkˈstend/ v. 延长；扩展；延伸 【核心考点】 extend是延长与扩展类核心动词，语法填空和读后续写高频。extend one's knowledge/voyage（拓展知识/延长航程）为核心搭配。extend to（延伸到/扩展到）为高考高频短语。extension n.（延长/扩建部分/分机号）→ an extension of the deadline（延期）。extensive adj.（广泛的/大量的）→ extensive research（广泛的研究）。extended adj.（延长的/扩展的）→ extended family（大家庭）。辨析：extend（在长度、范围、时间上向外延伸）vs expand（体积或数量上的膨胀）vs enlarge（尺寸上的放大）。 【词根联想】 ex-（向外）+ tend（拉伸，源自拉丁语tendere"拉紧/伸展"）→ 向外拉伸→ 延长/扩展。联想：把橡皮筋"向外（ex）拉（tend）"→ extend（延长）。同词根：tend（趋向→朝某方向伸展）、intend（打算→心思向内伸）、pretend（假装→在前面伸展一个样子）、tension（紧张→被拉紧的状态）、attend（出席→把注意力伸向）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：extend vt. 表示/致以（欢迎、邀请、感谢等）。例：On behalf of the whole crew, the captain extended a warm welcome to the visiting scientists.（船长代表全体船员向来访的科学家致以热烈欢迎。）把心意"向外（ex）伸展（tend）"给对方→ 表示/致以。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（真题原句·2024新课标I卷·语法填空）"The family decided to extend the old garden all the way to the edge of the river."（这家人决定把老花园一直扩建到河边。）（真题原句·extend 扩建/延伸） ②（经典原句）"Reading widely is one of the best ways to extend your knowledge of the world beyond the classroom."（广泛阅读是拓展你对课堂之外世界认知的最佳途径之一。）（经典原句·extend one's knowledge 拓展知识） ③（经典原句）"The high-speed railway now extends to the remote western provinces, bringing new opportunities to millions of residents."（这条高铁如今已延伸到偏远的西部省份，为数百万居民带来了新机遇。）（经典原句·extend to 延伸到） 【搭配词块】 extend one's knowledge 拓展知识 / extend a voyage 延长航程 / extend to 延伸到 / extension n. 延长/扩建 / extensive adj. 广泛的 / extended adj. 延长的 2. exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ vt. 开发；利用；剥削 【核心考点】 exploit是开发与利用类核心动词，环境和社会话题必备。exploit resources/minerals（开发资源/矿产）为海洋与能源话题高频搭配。exploit an opportunity（利用机会）为褒义用法，exploit workers（剥削工人）为贬义用法，词义随语境变化是高考考查重点。exploitation n.（开发/利用/剥削）→ the exploitation of the seabed（海床开发）。exploitative adj.（剥削性的）。辨析：exploit（充分开发或不当利用）vs utilize（有效使用）vs take advantage of（利用，可褒可贬）。 【词根联想】 ex-（向外）+ ploit（源自拉丁语plicare"折叠"→ explicare"展开"）→ 把折叠的东西展开→ 开发出价值。联想：exploit = "把（矿藏）展开（ex+plic）拿出来"→ 开发/利用。同词根：explicit（明确的→展开说清楚）、complicated（复杂的→折叠在一起）、apply（应用→折向某处）、employ（雇用→把人折进工作中）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：exploit n. 英勇事迹；功绩（常用复数，重音在前 /ˈeksplɔɪt/）。例：Children still read about the exploits of the early polar explorers who crossed the frozen sea on foot.（孩子们至今仍在阅读那些徒步穿越冰海的早期极地探险家的英勇事迹。）能被"展开来讲"的事→ 值得传颂的功绩。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（真题原句·2024全国甲卷·完形填空）"He learned to exploit every opportunity that came his way, turning small chances into real achievements."（他学会了利用每一个降临的机会，把小小的机遇变成实实在在的成就。）（真题原句·exploit an opportunity 利用机会） ②（经典原句）"Coastal nations must not exploit marine resources without considering the long-term damage to fragile ecosystems."（沿海国家开发海洋资源时不能不考虑对脆弱生态系统的长期破坏。）（经典原句·exploit resources 开发资源） ③（经典原句）"Some companies exploit their workers by paying low wages and demanding extremely long working hours."（一些公司通过支付低工资和要求超长工时来剥削工人。）（经典原句·exploit workers 剥削工人） 【搭配词块】 exploit resources 开发资源 / exploit an opportunity 利用机会 / exploit workers 剥削工人 / exploitation n. 开发/剥削 / exploitative adj. 剥削性的 3. opponent /əˈpəʊnənt/ n. 对手；反对者 【核心考点】 opponent是竞争与对立类核心名词，体育、辩论和议论文必备。a worthy/strong opponent（劲敌/强大的对手）为写作高频搭配。an opponent of（…的反对者）→ an opponent of the plan（该计划的反对者）。oppose v.（反对）→ oppose doing sth.（反对做某事）。opposition n.（反对/反对派）→ in opposition to（与…相对/反对）。opposed adj.（反对的）→ be opposed to（反对…）。辨析：opponent（比赛或辩论中的对手/反对者）vs rival（长期竞争对手）vs enemy（敌人，敌意更强）。 【词根联想】 op-（=ob-，相对/против）+ pon（放置，源自拉丁语ponere"放"）+ -ent（人）→ 站在对面放置的人→ 对手。联想：opponent = "把自己放（pon）在对面（op）的人"→ 对手。同词根：oppose（反对→放在对立面）、component（组成部分→一起放的）、postpone（推迟→放到后面）、compose（组成→放在一起）、propose（提议→放到前面）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（真题原句·2025全国一卷·语法填空）"You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your guidance till they lose."（你要设法把对手引入自己的圈套，迫使他们跟着你的引导走，直到落败。）（真题原句·lead the opponent 引导对手） ②（经典原句）"A worthy opponent makes you stronger, because you must think harder and prepare more carefully than ever before."（一个值得尊敬的对手会让你更强大，因为你必须比以往任何时候都思考得更深、准备得更细。）（经典原句·a worthy opponent 劲敌） ③（经典原句）"As a firm opponent of deep-sea mining, the professor has published many articles warning of its ecological costs."（作为深海采矿的坚定反对者，这位教授发表了许多文章警示其生态代价。）（经典原句·an opponent of …的反对者） 【搭配词块】 a worthy opponent 劲敌 / a strong opponent 强大的对手 / an opponent of …的反对者 / oppose v. 反对 / opposition n. 反对派 / be opposed to 反对 4. withdraw /wɪðˈdrɔː/ v. 撤退；退出；收回 【核心考点】 withdraw是撤退与退出类核心动词，过去式withdrew，过去分词withdrawn，为不规则变化考查点。withdraw from（从…撤退/退出）为高考高频短语→ withdraw from the match/competition（退出比赛）。withdraw one's remarks（收回言论）为正式表达。withdrawal n.（撤退/退出/取款/戒断反应）。withdrawn adj.（内向的/孤僻的）→ a withdrawn child（性格内向的孩子）。辨析：withdraw（正式的撤回、退出）vs retreat（军事撤退）vs quit（放弃，口语化）。 【词根联想】 with-（古英语"向后/离开"）+ draw（拉）→ 向后拉→ 撤回/撤退。联想：withdraw = "把自己往回（with）拉（draw）"→ 撤退/退出。同族词：withdrawal（撤退/取款）、withdrawn（内向的）；同类前缀：withhold（扣留→往回握住）、withstand（抵挡→顶住往回推）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：withdraw v. （从银行）取款；提取。例：She withdrew a large sum of money from her account to pay for the diving equipment.（她从账户里取出一大笔钱来支付潜水设备的费用。）把钱"往回（with）拉（draw）"到自己手里→ 取款。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（真题原句·2024全国甲卷·完形填空）"The player had to withdraw from the match due to injury."（这名选手因伤不得不退出比赛。）（真题原句·withdraw from 退出） ②（经典原句）"The storm grew so violent that the rescue ships were forced to withdraw to a sheltered bay before nightfall."（风暴变得如此猛烈，救援船只不得不在天黑前撤退到一处避风港湾。）（经典原句·withdraw to 撤退到） ③（经典原句）"After realising his mistake, the speaker publicly withdrew his earlier remarks and offered a sincere apology."（意识到自己的错误后，演讲者公开收回了先前的言论并诚恳道歉。）（经典原句·withdraw one's remarks 收回言论） 【搭配词块】 withdraw from 从…撤退/退出 / withdraw to 撤退到 / withdraw one's remarks 收回言论 / withdrawal n. 撤退/取款 / withdrawn adj. 内向的 5. profession /prəˈfeʃn/ n. 职业；专业；同行 【核心考点】 profession是职业与专业类核心名词，人物介绍和求职话题必备。by profession（就职业而言）为高考高频固定表达→ He is a doctor by profession.（他的职业是医生。）the medical/teaching profession（医学界/教育界，指同行群体）。enter/join a profession（进入某个行业）。professional adj./n.（专业的/职业的；专业人士）→ a professional attitude（专业态度）。professionally adv.（专业地/职业上）。辨析：profession（需专门训练的高级职业，如医生、律师）vs occupation（泛指职业，较正式）vs job（具体工作岗位）vs career（一生的事业）。 【词根联想】 pro-（向前/公开）+ fess（说/宣称，源自拉丁语fateri"承认/宣称"）+ -ion（名词后缀）→ 公开宣称自己所擅长的→ 职业。联想：profession = "公开（pro）宣称（fess）自己的本领"→ 专业/职业。同词根：professor（教授→公开讲学的人）、confess（坦白→一起说出来）、confession（坦白）、professional（专业的）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（真题原句·2024新高考I卷·阅读七选五）"it is vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript"（提交一份完美的、以专业方式呈现的稿件至关重要。）（真题原句·professionally presented 专业呈现） ②（经典原句）"She is a marine biologist by profession and has spent more than twenty years studying coral reefs."（她的职业是海洋生物学家，已花费二十多年研究珊瑚礁。）（经典原句·by profession 就职业而言） ③（经典原句）"The medical profession has a duty to keep its knowledge up to date and to put patients' interests first."（医学界有责任不断更新知识，并把病人的利益放在首位。）（经典原句·the medical profession 医学界） 【搭配词块】 by profession 就职业而言 / the medical profession 医学界 / enter a profession 进入某行业 / professional adj. 专业的 / professionally adv. 专业地 6. negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ v. 谈判；协商；达成 【核心考点】 negotiate是谈判与协商类核心动词，商务和外交话题必备。negotiate with sb. (about/over sth.)（就某事与某人谈判）为高考高频结构。negotiate a deal/an agreement/a contract（谈成一笔交易/协议/合同）为写作核心搭配。negotiation n.（谈判/协商，常用复数negotiations）→ enter into negotiations（开始谈判）。negotiable adj.（可协商的/可流通的）→ The price is negotiable.（价格可议。）negotiator n.（谈判者）。辨析：negotiate（正式协商以达成一致）vs bargain（讨价还价）vs discuss（讨论）。 【词根联想】 neg-（否定，"不"）+ oti（=otium，拉丁语"闲暇"）+ -ate（动词后缀）→ 不得闲暇的事→ 商务/事务→ 商谈。联想：negotiate = "没有（neg）闲暇（oti）"的正事→ 做生意/谈判。同词根：negative（否定的）、neglect（忽视→不去挑选）、negotiation（谈判）、negotiable（可协商的）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：negotiate vt. 顺利通过；成功越过（障碍、险路等）。例：The small boat managed to negotiate the narrow channel between the rocks in almost total darkness.（那条小船在几乎完全的黑暗中成功穿过了岩石间的狭窄水道。）与险阻"周旋"并谈妥→ 顺利通过。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"The two captains chose to negotiate a temporary agreement that divided the survey area fairly between the two crews."（两位船长选择协商一份临时协议，在两支船队之间公平划分勘测区域。）（经典原句·negotiate an agreement 协商协议） ②（经典原句）"The government refused to negotiate with the company until an independent environmental report had been completed."（在一份独立的环境报告完成之前，政府拒绝与该公司谈判。）（经典原句·negotiate with sb. 与某人谈判） ③（经典原句）"After three days of difficult negotiations, both sides finally reached a deal that satisfied everyone at the table."（经过三天艰难的谈判，双方终于达成了一项让在座各方都满意的协议。）（经典原句·negotiations 谈判） 【搭配词块】 negotiate with sb. 与某人谈判 / negotiate a deal 谈成交易 / negotiate an agreement 协商协议 / negotiation n. 谈判 / negotiable adj. 可协商的 7. possession /pəˈzeʃn/ n. 拥有；占有；财产 【核心考点】 possession是所有权与财产类核心名词，法律和记叙文必备。take possession of（占有/取得…的所有权）为高考高频短语。in possession of（拥有…，主语是人）与in the possession of（被…拥有，主语是物）的区别是经典易混考点。personal possessions（个人财物，复数表示具体物品）。possess v.（拥有/占有）→ possess a talent for（有…的天赋）。possessive adj.（占有欲强的；所有格的）。辨析：possession（法律上的占有与所有物）vs property（财产/房地产）vs belongings（随身物品）。 【词根联想】 pos-（=potis，拉丁语"有能力的/主人"）+ sess（=sedere，"坐"）+ -ion→ 作为主人坐在其上→ 占有。联想：possession = "像主人一样坐（sess）在上面"→ 占有/拥有。同词根：possess（拥有）、session（会议→坐着开会）、session、preside（主持→坐在前面）、resident（居民→常坐在此的人）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"The museum recently took possession of a bronze bell recovered from a ship that sank four centuries ago."（博物馆最近取得了一口从四百年前沉没的船上打捞出的青铜钟的所有权。）（经典原句·take possession of 取得所有权） ②（经典原句）"Anyone found in possession of protected marine species will face a heavy fine under the new law."（根据新法律，任何被发现持有受保护海洋物种的人都将面临巨额罚款。）（经典原句·in possession of 持有） ③（经典原句）"When the fire broke out, she managed to save only a few personal possessions from the burning house."（火灾发生时，她只从燃烧的房屋中抢救出了几件个人物品。）（经典原句·personal possessions 个人财物） 【搭配词块】 take possession of 占有/取得所有权 / in possession of 持有 / in the possession of 为…所有 / personal possessions 个人财物 / possess v. 拥有 8. arrest /əˈrest/ vt./n. 逮捕；阻止；吸引 【核心考点】 arrest既可作动词也可作名词，法律和记叙文话题必备。under arrest（被捕）为高考高频固定短语→ You are under arrest.（你被捕了。）place/put sb. under arrest（逮捕某人）。arrest sb. for (doing) sth.（因某事逮捕某人）。arrest的引申义"阻止/抑制"→ arrest the spread of a disease（阻止疾病蔓延）。arresting adj.（引人注目的/醒目的）→ an arresting image（引人注目的画面）。辨析：arrest（依法逮捕）vs capture（捕获，含武力）vs catch（抓住，口语化）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语ad-（朝向）+ restare（停留/停止）→ 使停下来→ 阻止/逮捕。联想：arrest = "让人停（rest）下来不能走"→ 逮捕/阻止。同词根：rest（休息→停下来）、arrest（逮捕→强制停下）、restive（不安分的）、arrestment（扣押）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：arrest vt. 吸引（注意力、目光）。例：A strange blue light beneath the waves arrested the attention of every scientist standing on the deck.（浪涛下一道奇异的蓝光吸引了甲板上每一位科学家的注意。）让目光"停（rest）下来"不再移开→ 吸引注意。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"The captain ordered his officers to arrest the sailor who had hidden the stolen bell in his cabin."（船长命令手下军官逮捕那名把偷来的铜钟藏在自己舱室里的水手。）（经典原句·arrest sb. 逮捕某人） ②（经典原句）"Two men were placed under arrest at the harbour after customs officers discovered protected coral in their luggage."（海关人员在两名男子的行李中发现受保护珊瑚后，他们在港口被逮捕。）（经典原句·under arrest 被捕） ③（经典原句）"Strict quarantine measures helped arrest the spread of the disease before it reached the mainland ports."（严格的检疫措施在疾病抵达大陆港口之前阻止了它的蔓延。）（经典原句·arrest the spread of 阻止蔓延） 【搭配词块】 under arrest 被捕 / place sb. under arrest 逮捕某人 / arrest sb. for 因…逮捕某人 / arrest the spread of 阻止蔓延 / arresting adj. 引人注目的 9. meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ adv./n. 与此同时；其间 【核心考点】 meanwhile是时间衔接类核心副词，读后续写和记叙文的高频连接词。作副词时常置于句首并用逗号隔开，表示"与此同时/另一方面"，用于切换叙述视角。作名词时用于in the meanwhile（在此期间）= in the meantime。meanwhile不是连词，不能连接两个完整句子，中间必须用句号或分号，这是高考写作的常见错误点。同义替换：in the meantime / at the same time / meantime。辨析：meanwhile（同一时间段内另一件事发生）vs however（转折）vs besides（补充）。 【词根联想】 mean（中间的，古英语mǣne"中间/共同的"）+ while（一段时间）→ 在中间的那段时间→ 与此同时。联想：meanwhile = "中间（mean）的那段时光（while）"→ 与此同时。同族词：meantime（其间）、meanly、intermediate（中间的→inter+medi）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"The captain studied the charts on the bridge. Meanwhile, the crew were preparing the diving equipment on deck."（船长在驾驶台研究海图。与此同时，船员们正在甲板上准备潜水装备。）（经典原句·meanwhile 与此同时） ②（经典原句）"The repairs will take about two weeks; in the meanwhile, passengers are advised to use the ferry service."（维修大约需要两周；在此期间，建议乘客使用渡轮服务。）（经典原句·in the meanwhile 在此期间） ③（经典原句）"Scientists continued to warn about rising sea levels. Meanwhile, few governments were willing to take immediate action."（科学家们不断警告海平面上升。与此同时，却很少有政府愿意立即采取行动。）（经典原句·meanwhile 另一方面） 【搭配词块】 meanwhile adv. 与此同时 / in the meanwhile 在此期间 / in the meantime 同义替换 / at the same time 同时 / meantime n./adv. 其间 10. mercy /ˈmɜːsi/ n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯 【核心考点】 mercy是仁慈与宽恕类核心名词，记叙文和读后续写高频。show mercy to sb.（对某人表示仁慈）与have mercy on sb.（怜悯某人）为高考高频搭配。beg for mercy（乞求宽恕）为记叙文情节常用表达。at the mercy of（任凭…摆布/受…支配）为高考经典短语→ at the mercy of the storm（任凭风暴摆布）。without mercy（毫不留情地）。merciful adj.（仁慈的）；merciless adj.（无情的/残忍的）；mercifully adv.（幸运地/仁慈地）。辨析：mercy（对有过错者的宽恕）vs pity（对不幸者的同情）vs sympathy（共情/同情）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语merces"报酬/恩惠"→ 古法语merci"恩典/怜悯"→ mercy。联想：法语merci（谢谢）源于此→ 受人恩惠才道谢→ mercy（恩典/仁慈）。同族词：merciful（仁慈的）、merciless（无情的）、mercenary（唯利是图的→为报酬做事）、commerce（商业→交换报酬）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：mercy n. 幸运的事；恩惠（常用于It's a mercy that...结构）。例：It was a mercy that the crew spotted the lifeboat before the fog closed in completely.（船员们在浓雾彻底笼罩之前发现了救生艇，这真是万幸。）上天的"恩典"→ 值得庆幸的事。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"The young sailor begged for mercy, yet the sea itself showed no mercy as the waves rose higher and higher."（年轻的水手苦苦哀求宽恕，然而大海本身却毫无怜悯之心，浪头越涌越高。）（经典原句·beg for mercy 乞求宽恕） ②（经典原句）"Small fishing boats are completely at the mercy of sudden storms in this dangerous stretch of water."（在这段危险的水域，小渔船完全任凭突发风暴摆布。）（经典原句·at the mercy of 任凭…摆布） ③（经典原句）"The judge decided to show mercy to the young man because he had already returned everything he had taken."（法官决定对这个年轻人从轻发落，因为他已经归还了拿走的一切。）（经典原句·show mercy to 对…仁慈） 【搭配词块】 show mercy to 对…仁慈 / have mercy on 怜悯 / beg for mercy 乞求宽恕 / at the mercy of 任凭…摆布 / merciful adj. 仁慈的 / merciless adj. 无情的 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 extend extension (n.) extensive (adj.) extended (adj.) extend one's knowledge / extend to exploit exploitation (n.) exploitative (adj.) exploiter (n.) exploit resources / exploit an opportunity opponent oppose (v.) opposition (n.) opposed (adj.) a worthy opponent / an opponent of withdraw withdrawal (n.) withdrawn (adj.) withdrew (过去式) withdraw from / withdraw money profession professional (adj.) professionally (adv.) professor (n.) by profession / the medical profession negotiate negotiation (n.) negotiable (adj.) negotiator (n.) negotiate with sb. / negotiate a deal possession possess (v.) possessive (adj.) possessor (n.) take possession of / in possession of arrest arresting (adj.) arrested (adj.) arrest (n.) under arrest / place sb. under arrest meanwhile meantime (n./adv.) mean (adj. 中间的) --- in the meanwhile / in the meantime mercy merciful (adj.) merciless (adj.) mercifully (adv.) at the mercy of / show mercy to Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2026山东济南·模拟）The research team hopes to __________ (extension) its survey of the deep ocean to the polar regions next summer. 2.（2026广东广州·模拟）Coastal nations must not __________ (exploitation) marine resources without considering the long-term ecological consequences. 3.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）In the final round, the young chess player defeated an __________ (oppose) who had never lost a single match before. 4.（2026河南郑州·模拟）Because of a serious injury to his shoulder, the swimmer was forced to __________ (withdrawal) from the international competition. 5.（2026四川成都·模拟）She is a marine biologist by __________ (professional), and she has spent more than twenty years studying coral reefs. 6.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）The two captains finally agreed to __________ (negotiation) a temporary deal that divided the survey area fairly. 7.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）The national museum recently took __________ (possess) of a bronze bell recovered from a ship that sank long ago. 8.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The suspect was placed under __________ (arresting) shortly after the missing relic was found hidden inside his cabin. 9.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The captain studied the charts on the bridge; __________ (meantime), the crew were preparing the diving equipment on deck. 10.（2026福建福州·模拟）The court showed no __________ (merciful) to those who had destroyed the protected coral reef purely for profit. 11.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The government has approved an __________ (extend) of the marine reserve in order to protect several endangered species. 12.（2026重庆·模拟）The large-scale __________ (exploit) of the seabed for rare metals has raised serious environmental concerns worldwide. 13.（2026江苏南京·模拟）After three days of extremely difficult __________ (negotiate), the two sides finally reached a satisfactory agreement. 14.（2026山东青岛·模拟）The manuscript must be __________ (profession) presented if the author hopes to be taken seriously by major publishers. 15.（2026广东深圳·模拟）The old sailor __________ (possession) a detailed sea chart that no other crew in the harbour had ever seen. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 去年春天，一支海洋探险队起航，去__________（拓展）人类对深海的认知，同时也要__________（开发）海床上的矿产资源。对他们大多数人来说，海洋生物学家这一__________（职业）远不只是一份工作。 航行途中，他们遇到了由来已久的__________（对手）。两位船长决定__________（谈判）一份临时协议，公平划分勘测区域。__________（与此同时），一场风暴迫使对方船只__________（撤退）到避风港湾。 那天夜里，一名船员私自__________（占有）了一件稀有青铜器，船长只得将他__________（逮捕）。年轻水手哀求__________（宽恕），可大海从不留情。 Part 7 关联阅读 Every summer the research vessel Meridian leaves harbour to extend our understanding of the deep sea. Her crew of twenty come from a single profession — marine science — yet each member brings a different skill to the mission. Some map the seabed; others study creatures that have never been photographed. The captain, Elena Ruiz, insists that the ocean must not be treated merely as a warehouse of minerals to exploit. Knowledge, she argues, is the real treasure lying three thousand metres below the surface. This year the Meridian was not alone. A commercial fleet had anchored above the same trench, and its managers quickly became opponents of the scientists' plan. Instead of quarrelling, Elena chose to negotiate. After two long evenings, both sides signed a temporary agreement: the company would delay drilling for six weeks, while the researchers would share their maps of the fragile coral gardens. Meanwhile, the weather began to change, and the barometer on the bridge fell faster than anyone had expected. By Thursday the storm had grown so violent that the commercial fleet was forced to withdraw to a sheltered bay far to the south. The Meridian stayed, riding out waves that rose above her deck. When calm returned, the divers brought up a bronze bell from a wreck that had lain untouched for four centuries. That night the bell disappeared. It was found in the cabin of a young technician who had taken possession of it, hoping to sell it to a private collector. Elena ordered the officers to arrest him and to lock the bell in the ship's safe until the vessel reached port. The technician begged for mercy, explaining that his family owed money he could never repay. Elena listened without anger, but she refused to change her decision, because a single act of theft could destroy the fragile trust that scientists and companies had just begun to build. As the Meridian turned for home, she wrote in her log that the sea shows no mercy to those who forget why they came to sea in the first place. 1. Why does Captain Elena Ruiz object to treating the ocean only as a source of minerals? A. Because she believes knowledge, not minerals, is the real treasure of the deep sea. B. Because the Meridian lacks the equipment needed to exploit deep-sea mineral deposits. C. Because the commercial fleet had already taken possession of all the drilling rights. D. Because international law forbids every profession from studying the seabed at all. 2. What did the two sides finally agree on during the negotiation? A. The scientists would withdraw from the trench and let the company start drilling at once. B. The company would delay drilling for six weeks while the researchers shared their maps. C. Both teams would jointly exploit the bronze objects found inside the ancient shipwreck. D. The opponents would leave the area for ever and never return to the trench again. 3. Why did the commercial fleet leave the trench? A. Because the negotiation with the scientists had completely broken down that week. B. Because its managers were arrested after a valuable bronze bell went missing. C. Because a violent storm forced it to withdraw to a sheltered bay in the south. D. Because it had already finished exploiting all the minerals hidden in the area. 4. What does Elena's final log entry suggest about her attitude? A. She regrets arresting the technician and hopes to show him mercy once ashore. B. She thinks the profession of marine science is no longer worth pursuing today. C. She believes opponents should always be defeated rather than negotiated with. D. She holds that the sea punishes those who lose sight of their true purpose. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：extend, exploit, opponents, withdraw, profession, negotiate, possession, arrest, meanwhile, mercy Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. extend — __________ 2. exploit — __________ 3. opponent — __________ 4. withdraw — __________ 5. profession — __________ 6. negotiate — __________ 7. possession — __________ 8. arrest — __________ 9. meanwhile — __________ 10. mercy — __________ 11. extension — __________ 12. exploitation — __________ 13. opposition — __________ 14. withdrawal — __________ 15. professional — __________ 16. negotiation — __________ 17. possess — __________ 18. merciless — __________ 19. take possession of — __________ 20. at the mercy of — __________ Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. The institute plans to make longer its research voyage so that the team can reach the polar ice edge. → The institute plans to __________ its research voyage so that the team can reach the polar ice edge. 2. Several countries are eager to make use of the rare metals lying on the floor of the Pacific Ocean. → Several countries are eager to __________ the rare metals lying on the floor of the Pacific Ocean. 3. In the final debate she faced a rival who had never lost a single argument in ten years. → In the final debate she faced an __________ who had never lost a single argument in ten years. 4. Heavy fog forced the rescue team to pull out of the search area before the tide turned. → Heavy fog forced the rescue team to __________ from the search area before the tide turned. 5. Marine biology is a demanding job that requires years of training and genuine scientific curiosity. → Marine biology is a demanding __________ that requires years of training and genuine scientific curiosity. 6. The two companies spent a whole week trying to talk over the terms of the drilling contract. → The two companies spent a whole week trying to __________ the terms of the drilling contract. 7. The museum finally gained ownership of the bronze bell recovered from the sunken merchant ship. → The museum finally took __________ of the bronze bell recovered from the sunken merchant ship. 8. Customs officers decided to take into custody the two men who were smuggling protected coral. → Customs officers decided to __________ the two men who were smuggling protected coral. 9. The captain checked the charts carefully; at the same time, the divers were testing their oxygen tanks. → The captain checked the charts carefully; __________, the divers were testing their oxygen tanks. 10. The judge decided to show kindness to the young sailor because he had returned everything he took. → The judge decided to show __________ to the young sailor because he had returned everything he took. Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用10个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：extend → exploit → profession → opponent → negotiate → meanwhile → withdraw → possession → arrest → mercy 复述模板（填空）： 去年春天，一支海洋探险队起航，去__________（拓展）人类对深海的认知，同时也要__________（开发）海床上的矿产资源。对他们大多数人来说，海洋生物学家这一__________（职业）远不只是一份工作。 航行途中，他们遇到了由来已久的__________（对手）。两位船长决定__________（谈判）一份临时协议，公平划分勘测区域。__________（与此同时），一场风暴迫使对方船只__________（撤退）到避风港湾。 那天夜里，一名船员私自__________（占有）了一件稀有青铜器，船长只得将他__________（逮捕）。年轻水手哀求__________（宽恕），可大海从不留情。 你的复述： ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ $