Unit 3 Never give up 重点词汇核心考点精讲（讲义）2026-2027学年九年级英语上册新教材译林版

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过词性分类表和目录检索系统构建知识体系，将40余个重点单词按名词、动词等8类词性梳理，并用表格呈现每个单词的固定搭配、一词多义、同义转换等考点，清晰展示重难点分布及内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“考点分层设计”，如“recognize”涵盖be recognized as固定搭配、与know的辨析及同义转换，既夯实语言能力基础，又通过对比培养思维品质。每个单词配课本原句和例句，基础生可掌握用法，优秀生能深化理解，助力教师实施精准分层教学。

9AU3重点单词考点精讲 目录检索 seed 2 dancer 2 recognize 3 contribution 3 overcome 4 suffering 5 household 6 household name 6 inspiration 7 further 7 diagnose 8 be diagnosed with 9 shortly 9 rob 10 rob sb of sth 11 muscle 11 yet 12 surprisingly 13 attitude 13 despite 14 universe 15 continued 16 scientific 16 audience 17 highly 18 whenever 19 achievement 20 stand in sb’s way 20 however 21 musician 22 death 23 shoulder 23 make it (to) 24 coach 25 pretty 25 knee 26 challenging 27 cheers 27 fair 28 fair play 29 Irish 30 gymnast 30 compete 31 injure 32 performance 32 will 33 runner 34 semi-final 35 whatever 35 diary 36 victory 36 live through sth 37 perform 38 disappoint 39 词性分类 【名词 (n.)】seed、dancer、contribution、suffering、household、inspiration、muscle、attitude、universe、audience、achievement、musician、death、shoulder、coach、knee、gymnast、performance、will、runner、semi-final、diary、victory 【动词 (v.)】recognize、overcome、further、diagnose、rob、compete、injure、perform、disappoint 【形容词 (adj.)】continued、scientific、challenging、fair、Irish 【副词 (adv.)】shortly、surprisingly、highly、however、pretty 【介词 (prep.)】despite 【代词 (pron.)】whatever 【连词 (conj.)】yet、whenever 【感叹词 (int.)】cheers 【短语】household name、be diagnosed with、rob sb of sth、stand in sb’s way、make it (to)、fair play、live through sth seed /siːd/ n. 种子；起因 课本原句：A seed inside of me. 课本原句：But still that little seed grew. 考点一 固定搭配 plant/sow seeds 说明：“seed”作名词表示“种子”，常用搭配有 plant seeds（播种）、sow seeds（播种）。 例句：The students planted seeds in the school garden. 考点二 一词多义 seed 种子 vs 起因 说明：“seed”既可表示“种子”（植物学意义），也可引申为“起因、萌芽”（比喻意义），描述事物发展的开端。 例句：The teacher planted a seed of hope in every student's heart. 考点三 固定搭配 a seed of 说明：“a seed of”后接名词，表示“……的萌芽/开端”，常与 hope, doubt, idea 等抽象名词搭配。 例句：A small seed of doubt grew into a big worry in her mind. 考点四 辨析 seed vs root 说明：“seed”强调事物的“起源、开端”；“root”强调事物的“根源、根本”。两者比喻义侧重点不同。 例句：The seed of the idea was planted years ago, but its root goes deep. 考点五 同义转换：seed = pip / grain 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。seed 可替换为 pip 或 grain，均表示种子。 例句：Plant the seeds in the soil. (= Plant the grains in the soil.) dancer /ˈdɑːnsə(r)/ n. 舞蹈演员，跳舞者 课本原句：I want to be a great dancer, but I know it won't be easy. 课本原句：You started dancing when you were just five years old! 考点一 固定搭配 a great/professional dancer 说明：“dancer”前常加 great, professional, famous 等形容词修饰，表示“伟大的/专业的/著名的舞蹈演员”。 例句：She dreams of becoming a professional dancer in a famous ballet company. 考点二 派生 dance 的动词用法 说明：“dance”是动词，表示“跳舞”，后可接介词 to 表示“伴着……跳舞”，如 dance to the music。 例句：The couple danced to their favourite song at the party. 考点三 固定搭配 train to be a dancer 说明：“train to be a dancer”表示“受训成为舞蹈演员”，train 后接 to be 表示“训练成为……”。 例句：She has trained to be a dancer since she was five years old. 考点四 同义转换：dancer = dancing performer / dance artist 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。dancer 可替换为 dancing performer 或 dance artist，均表示舞蹈演员。 例句：She is a talented dancer. (= She is a talented dancing performer.) recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ vt. 赞赏，公认；认识，辨别出 课本原句：Stephen Hawking, recognized as one of the greatest scientists of his time 课本原句：Today, Vincent van Gogh is recognized as one of the most important artists in history 考点一 固定搭配 be recognized as 说明：“be recognized as”表示“被公认为……”，后接名词短语，强调外界对某人/某物的认可。 例句：She is recognized as one of the best teachers in the school. 考点二 一词多义 recognize 公认 vs 认识 说明：“recognize”既可表示“赞赏、公认”（被动用法常见），也可表示“认识、辨别出”（主动用法，指认出以前见过的人或物）。 例句：I recognized her voice on the phone immediately, though we hadn't met for years. 考点三 辨析 recognize vs know 说明：“recognize”强调“认出” previously 认识的人或物；“know”表示“知道、认识”的一般状态，不强调辨认过程。 例句：I know the actor, but I didn't recognize him with his new haircut. 考点四 固定搭配 recognize sb's contribution 说明：“recognize sb's contribution”表示“认可某人的贡献”，常用于表彰某人成就的语境。 例句：The school recognized his contribution to the science club. 考点五 同义转换：recognize = identify / know again 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。recognize 可替换为 identify 或 know again，均表示认出、识别。 例句：I recognized her at once. (= I identified her at once.) contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 贡献 课本原句：was known for his contributions to science 课本原句：people finally understood Van Gogh's contribution to the art world 考点一 固定搭配 make a contribution to 说明：“make a contribution to”表示“对……做出贡献”，to 为介词，后接名词或动名词。 例句：He made a great contribution to the development of modern medicine. 考点二 介词搭配 contributions to 说明：“contributions to”中 to 为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，表示“对……的贡献”，不可接动词原形。 例句：Her contributions to the community were widely praised. 考点三 辨析 contribution vs effort 说明：“contribution”强调“贡献的成果”；“effort”强调“付出的努力”。有努力不一定有贡献成果。 例句：His effort was great, but his contribution to the project was small. 考点四 固定搭配 a great/major contribution 说明：“contribution”前常加 great, major, important 等形容词，表示“巨大的/主要的/重要的贡献”。 例句：The scientist made a major contribution to cancer research. 考点五 派生 contribute 的用法 说明：“contribute”是动词，搭配 contribute to 表示“对……做出贡献；导致”，to 为介词，后接名词或动名词。 例句：Hard work and talent contributed to her success in the competition. 考点六 同义转换：make a contribution = do one's part / give help 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。make a contribution 可替换为 do one's part 或 give help，均表示做贡献。 例句：Everyone can make a contribution to the team. (= Everyone can do their part for the team.) overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ vt. 克服，解决 课本原句：how he overcame great suffering in his life 课本原句：he overcomes various hardships and challenges to become a revolutionary 考点一 固定搭配 overcome difficulties/challenges 说明：“overcome”常与 difficulties, challenges, hardships 等名词搭配，表示“克服困难/挑战”。 例句：She overcame many difficulties to achieve her dream of becoming a doctor. 考点二 一词多义 overcome 克服 vs 战胜 说明：“overcome”既可表示“克服”（困难、恐惧等抽象事物），也可表示“战胜”（敌人、对手等），强调以力量或意志取胜。 例句：The team overcame their opponents in the final match of the season. 考点三 辨析 overcome vs solve 说明：“overcome”侧重“克服”困难、障碍等抽象事物；“solve”侧重“解决”问题、谜题等具体或逻辑性事物。 例句：He overcame his fear of public speaking and solved the problem successfully. 考点四 固定搭配 be overcome with 说明：“be overcome with”表示“被（情感）所控制”，后接 emotion, fear, joy 等名词，强调情绪强烈。 例句：She was overcome with joy when she heard the good news. 考点五 同义转换：overcome = get over / conquer 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。overcome 可替换为 get over 或 conquer，均表示克服。 例句：She overcame her fear of public speaking. (= She got over her fear of public speaking.) suffering /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/ n. 痛苦，苦难 课本原句：how he overcame great suffering in his life 课本原句：these caused him great suffering 考点一 固定搭配 great suffering 说明：“suffering”前常加 great, terrible, mental 等形容词修饰，表示“巨大的/可怕的/精神上的痛苦”。 例句：The war brought great suffering to the people in the region. 考点二 一词多义 suffering 痛苦 vs 受苦 说明：“suffering”作名词表示“痛苦、苦难”（可数或不可数）；也是动词 suffer 的动名词形式，表示“受苦”这一行为。 例句：Her suffering from the illness lasted for many months. 考点三 辨析 suffering vs pain 说明：“suffering”侧重“长期的、身心两方面的苦难”；“pain”侧重“局部的、具体的疼痛”，可为生理或心理的。 例句：The pain in his leg was sharp, but his suffering from loneliness was worse. 考点四 固定搭配 cause suffering 说明：“cause suffering”表示“造成痛苦”，常与 cause, bring, reduce 等动词搭配使用。 例句：The disease caused great suffering to the patient and his family. 考点五 派生 suffer 的用法 说明：“suffer”是动词，搭配 suffer from 表示“患……病；遭受”，后接疾病或不利条件。 例句：Many old people suffer from memory loss as they age. 考点六 同义转换：suffering = pain / hardship 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。suffering 可替换为 pain 或 hardship，均表示痛苦、苦难。 例句：The war caused great suffering to the people. (= The war caused great hardship to the people.) household /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ n. 家庭，一户 课本原句：His story made him a household name and an inspiration to all. 考点一 固定搭配 household name 说明：“household name”表示“家喻户晓的人物”，指名字被大众广泛熟知的人或品牌。 例句：The basketball player has become a household name around the world. 考点二 一词多义 household 家庭 vs 家用的 说明：“household”作名词表示“家庭、一户”；也可作形容词，表示“家用的、家庭的”，如 household products。 例句：Every household in the neighbourhood received a notice about the event. 考点三 辨析 household vs family 说明：“household”强调“同住一户的人”，可包括非亲属；“family”强调“血缘或婚姻关系”，不一定同住。 例句：The household has five members, but only three are family members. 考点四 固定搭配 a household of 说明：“a household of”后接数字，表示“由……人组成的家庭”，描述家庭人口规模。 例句：A household of four needs at least three bedrooms to live comfortably. 考点五 固定搭配 household products/chores 说明：“household”作形容词时，常修饰 products, chores, items 等名词，表示“家用产品/家务”等。 例句：She is responsible for most of the household chores in her family. 考点六 同义转换：household = family / home 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。household 可替换为 family 或 home，均表示家庭、一家人。 例句：A growing number of households have two cars. (= A growing number of families have two cars.) household name — 短语 家喻户晓的人物 课本原句：His story made him a household name and an inspiration to all. 考点一 固定搭配 become a household name 说明：“become a household name”表示“成为家喻户晓的人物”，强调某人或某品牌变得广为人知。 例句：The young singer has become a household name after winning the competition. 考点二 固定搭配 make sb a household name 说明：“make sb a household name”表示“使某人成为家喻户晓的人物”，强调外部因素导致成名。 例句：His invention made him a household name in the tech world. 考点三 辨析 household name vs famous person 说明：“household name”强调“名字被每家每户熟知”，程度更深；“famous person”仅表示“出名的人”，未必家喻户晓。 例句：He is not just a famous person; he is a household name in this country. 考点四 同义转换：a household name = a well-known name / a famous name 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。a household name 可替换为 a well-known name 或 a famous name，均表示家喻户晓的名字。 例句：She became a household name overnight. (= She became a well-known name overnight.) inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ n. 鼓舞人心的人（或事物）；灵感 课本原句：a household name and an inspiration to all 课本原句：His experience gives me hope as soon as it comes to mind. 考点一 固定搭配 an inspiration to 说明：“an inspiration to”后接某人，表示“对……来说是鼓舞人心的人”，强调对他人产生激励作用。 例句：Her mother has been an inspiration to her throughout her life. 考点二 一词多义 inspiration 鼓舞 vs 灵感 说明：“inspiration”既可表示“鼓舞人心的人或事物”（可数），也可表示“灵感”（不可数），需根据语境判断。 例句：The beautiful sunset gave the artist inspiration for his new painting. 考点三 辨析 inspiration vs encouragement 说明：“inspiration”侧重“激发灵感或内在动力”；“encouragement”侧重“言语或行为上的鼓励”，更外在。 例句：His teacher's encouragement gave him the inspiration to write his first novel. 考点四 固定搭配 draw inspiration from 说明：“draw inspiration from”表示“从……中获得灵感/鼓舞”，后接名词，描述灵感的来源。 例句：The writer draws inspiration from her travels around the world. 考点五 派生 inspire 的用法 说明：“inspire”是动词，搭配 inspire sb to do sth 表示“激励某人做某事”，强调激发某人采取行动。 例句：The coach inspired the team to work harder and never give up. 考点六 同义转换：inspiration = motivation / encouragement 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。inspiration 可替换为 motivation 或 encouragement，均表示鼓舞、激励。 例句：Her story was an inspiration to us all. (= Her story was a motivation to us all.) further /ˈfɜːðə(r)/ vt. 促进，增进 课本原句：He went to the University of Oxford at 17 and then to the University of Cambridge to further his studies. 考点一 固定搭配 further one's studies/career 说明：“further one's studies”表示“深造、进一步学习”，further 此处为动词，表示“推进”。 例句：She went abroad to further her studies in computer science. 考点二 一词多义 further 促进 vs 进一步 说明：“further”作动词表示“促进、增进”；作副词表示“进一步地、更远地”，如 further more。 例句：We need to further discuss this problem to find a better solution. 考点三 辨析 further vs farther 说明：“further”侧重“程度上的进一步”，可表抽象；“farther”侧重“距离上的更远”，表具体空间。在英式英语中 further 更常用。 例句：He walked farther down the road to further his search for help. 考点四 固定搭配 further one's career 说明：“further one's career”表示“促进某人的事业发展”，further 为动词，后接表示目标、事业的名词。 例句：Taking this job will help you further your career in the future. 考点五 固定搭配 further education/information 说明：“further education”中 further 为形容词，表示“进一步的”，指中学毕业后的继续教育。 例句：Many students choose to go to college for further education after high school. 考点六 同义转换：further = more / additional / in addition 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。further 可替换为 more 或 additional，均表示进一步的、更多的。 例句：For further information, please visit our website. (= For more information, please visit our website.) diagnose /ˈdaɪəɡnəʊz/ vt. 诊断 课本原句：he was diagnosed with a terrible disease shortly after his 21st birthday 考点一 固定搭配 be diagnosed with 说明：“be diagnosed with”表示“被诊断出患有……”，后接疾病名称，常用于被动语态。 例句：He was diagnosed with a serious heart disease last year. 考点二 固定搭配 diagnose sb with 说明：“diagnose sb with”表示“诊断某人患有……”，主动语态，后接病人和疾病名称。 例句：The doctor diagnosed him with a mild form of the disease. 考点三 一词多义 diagnose 诊断 vs 判断 说明：“diagnose”本义为“诊断”疾病，引申为“判断、分析”问题的原因，常用于医疗或技术语境。 例句：The engineer diagnosed the problem with the machine within minutes. 考点四 辨析 diagnose vs treat vs cure 说明：“diagnose”侧重“诊断”，确定病因；“treat”侧重“治疗”，采取措施治病。先诊断后治疗。 例句：The doctor diagnosed the illness and then treated it with medicine. 考点五 同义转换：diagnose = identify (a disease) / detect 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。diagnose 可替换为 identify (a disease) 或 detect，均表示诊断。 例句：The doctor diagnosed the illness. (= The doctor identified the illness.) be diagnosed with — 短语 被诊断出患有…（疾病） 课本原句：he was diagnosed with a terrible disease shortly after his 21st birthday 考点一 固定搭配 be diagnosed with a disease/cancer 说明：“be diagnosed with”后接疾病名称，表示“被诊断出患有某种疾病”，常用于被动语态。 例句：She was diagnosed with diabetes when she was only ten years old. 考点二 辨析 be diagnosed with vs suffer from 说明：“be diagnosed with”强调“经医生诊断确认”；“suffer from”强调“正在遭受……的折磨”，未必有正式诊断。 例句：He was diagnosed with the disease three years ago and has been suffering from it ever since. 考点三 时态用法 was/were diagnosed with 说明：“be diagnosed with”常用于过去时 was/were diagnosed with，描述过去被诊断出疾病的经历，也可用于现在时。 例句：He was diagnosed with the illness shortly after his thirtieth birthday. 考点四 固定搭配 be diagnosed with cancer 说明：“be diagnosed with”常与 cancer, diabetes, heart disease 等具体疾病名称搭配使用。 例句：The famous writer was diagnosed with cancer but continued to write. 考点五 同义转换：be diagnosed with = be found to have / be identified as having 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。be diagnosed with 可替换为 be found to have 或 be identified as having，均表示被诊断患有。 例句：He was diagnosed with a serious disease. (= He was found to have a serious disease.) shortly /ˈʃɔːtli/ adv. 不久 课本原句：he was diagnosed with a terrible disease shortly after his 21st birthday 考点一 固定搭配 shortly after 说明：“shortly after”表示“在……之后不久”，后接名词、动名词或从句，描述两个事件时间接近。 例句：He arrived at the station shortly after the train left. 考点二 固定搭配 shortly before 说明：“shortly before”表示“在……之前不久”，与 shortly after 相对，后接名词或从句。 例句：She finished her homework shortly before dinner was ready. 考点三 一词多义 shortly 不久 vs 简短地 说明：“shortly”主要表示“不久”（时间），也可表示“简短地、不耐烦地”（方式），需根据语境判断。 例句：He spoke shortly to the waiter and left the restaurant in a hurry. 考点四 辨析 shortly vs soon 说明：“shortly”和“soon”都表示“不久”，但“shortly”多与 after, before 连用，语气稍正式；“soon”更口语化。 例句：He will arrive soon, shortly after the meeting starts. 考点五 同义转换：shortly = soon / before long / in a short time 说明：中考常考��义词汇转换。shortly 可替换为 soon 或 before long，均表示不久、很快。 例句：She will arrive shortly. (= She will arrive soon.) rob /rɒb/ vt. 掠夺 课本原句：This disease slowly robs people of the ability to move their muscles. 考点一 固定搭配 rob sb of sth 说明：“rob sb of sth”表示“剥夺某人某物”，of 为介词，后接名词或动名词，常用于被动语态 be robbed of。 例句：The illness robbed him of his ability to speak clearly. 考点二 一词多义 rob 掠夺 vs 抢劫 说明：“rob”既可表示“掠夺”（抽象意义，剥夺能力、权利等），也可表示“抢劫”（具体意义，抢劫银行、人等）。 例句：The thieves robbed the bank and took away a large amount of money. 考点三 辨析 rob vs steal 说明：“rob”的宾语是人或场所（rob sb/some place）；“steal”的宾语是物（steal sth）。即 rob 人，steal 物。 例句：The man robbed the lady and stole her purse on the street. 考点四 固定搭配 rob a bank/person 说明：“rob”后可直接接人或场所作宾语，如 rob a bank（抢银行）、rob a person（抢劫某人），表示“抢劫”。 例句：The criminal who robbed the bank was caught by the police yesterday. 考点五 派生 robber 与 robbery 说明：“robber”是名词，表示“强盗、抢劫者”；“robbery”是名词，表示“抢劫（行为）”。 例句：The robber was sent to prison for the robbery he committed last year. 考点六 同义转换：rob = steal from / take from 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。注意 rob 的宾语是人或地方，而 steal 的宾语是物。rob sb of sth 可理解为 take sth from sb。 例句：Two men robbed the bank. (= Two men stole money from the bank.) rob sb of sth — 短语 剥夺（某人所需或应得之物） 课本原句：This disease slowly robs people of the ability to move their muscles. 考点一 固定搭配 rob sb of the ability to 说明：“rob sb of the ability to”表示“剥夺某人做某事的能力”，后接动词原形，常用于疾病语境。 例句：The accident robbed him of the ability to walk for the rest of his life. 考点二 介词搭配 rob sb of 中 of 说明：“rob sb of sth”中 of 为介词，不可替换为 from 或其他介词。of 后接被剥夺的事物。 例句：The war robbed many children of their right to education. 考点三 辨析 rob sb of sth vs take sth from sb 说明：“rob sb of sth”语气更重，强调“强行剥夺”；“take sth from sb”语气较中性，仅表示“从某人处拿走某物”。 例句：The disease robbed her of her sight, not just took her glasses from her. 考点四 被动语态 be robbed of 说明：“be robbed of”是“rob sb of sth”的被动形式，表示“被剥夺某物”，主语是被剥夺者。 例句：She was robbed of her chance to compete in the final race. 考点五 固定搭配 rob sb of sth 抽象用法 说明：“rob sb of sth”不仅指夺走具体物品，更常用于抽象事物，如 ability, chance, freedom, youth 等。 例句：The long war robbed the young generation of their childhood and freedom. 考点六 同义转换：rob sb of sth = take sth from sb / deprive sb of sth 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。rob sb of sth 可替换为 take sth from sb 或 deprive sb of sth，均表示剥夺某人的某物。 例句：The accident robbed him of his ability to walk. (= The accident took his ability to walk from him.) muscle /ˈmʌsl/ n. 肌肉 课本原句：This disease slowly robs people of the ability to move their muscles. 课本原句：Slowly lost the ability to move his muscles 考点一 固定搭配 move one's muscles 说明：“move one's muscles”表示“活动肌肉”，move 此处为动词，描述肌肉的运动能力。 例句：After the accident, he could not move his muscles for several weeks. 考点二 一词多义 muscle 肌肉 vs 力量 说明：“muscle”本义为“肌肉”（生理组织），引申为“力量”（比喻义），如 muscle power（力量）。 例句：It takes more than muscle to solve this difficult problem. 考点三 辨析 muscle vs strength 说明：“muscle”侧重“肌肉组织”本身；“strength”侧重“力量”这一抽象属性。muscle 是物质基础，strength 是表现。 例句：He built up his muscles through daily training, which gave him great strength. 考点四 固定搭配 muscle pain/weakness 说明：“muscle”常修饰 pain, weakness, disease 等名词，表示“肌肉疼痛/无力/疾病”。 例句：The runner felt muscle pain after the long race and had to rest. 考点五 固定搭配 build up muscles 说明：“build up muscles”表示“锻炼肌肉、增强肌肉”，build up 为固定短语，后接 muscles。 例句：He goes to the gym every day to build up his muscles. 考点六 同义转换：muscle = strength / physical power 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。muscle 可替换为 strength 或 physical power，均表示肌肉力量。 例句：It takes muscle to lift heavy weights. (= It takes strength to lift heavy weights.) yet /jet/ conj. 然而，但是 课本原句：later needed a wheelchair, yet he had a surprisingly positive attitude towards life 考点一 用法 yet 作连词表转折 说明：“yet”作连词表示“然而、但是”，连接两个转折关系的分句，语气比 but 更正式，常用于书面语。 例句：He was very tired, yet he continued working until midnight. 考点二 一词多义 yet 连词 vs 副词 说明：“yet”作连词表示“然而”（连接分句）；作副词表示“还（没有）”，常用于否定句和疑问句，常与完成时连用。 例句：He hasn't finished his homework yet, yet he is playing games. 考点三 辨析 yet vs but 说明：“yet”和“but”都表转折，但“yet”语气更正式，强调“出乎意料”；“but”更常用，仅表一般转折。 例句：The test was hard, but he passed; the next one was easy, yet he failed. 考点四 固定搭配 and yet 说明：“and yet”表示“然而、可是”，相当于 but，连接两个相反意思的分句，强调转折的意外性。 例句：She practiced every day, and yet she still could not win the match. 考点五 同义转换：yet = but / however / nevertheless 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。yet 作连词时可替换为 but 或 however 或 nevertheless，均表示然而、但是。 例句：He studied hard, yet he failed the exam. (= He studied hard, but he failed the exam.) surprisingly /səˈpraɪzɪŋli/ adv. 使人惊奇地 课本原句：yet he had a surprisingly positive attitude towards life 考点一 固定搭配 surprisingly positive/good 说明：“surprisingly”常修饰形容词，如 positive, good, easy 等，表示“出人意料地好/积极”，强调与预期相反。 例句：The test was surprisingly easy, and most students finished it early. 考点二 用法 surprisingly 修饰全句 说明：“surprisingly”可置于句首修饰整个句子，表示“令人惊讶的是”，后常加逗号与主句隔开。 例句：Surprisingly, the little boy solved the difficult math problem in seconds. 考点三 辨析 surprisingly vs unexpectedly 说明：“surprisingly”侧重“令人惊奇”，带惊讶情绪；“unexpectedly”侧重“出乎意料”，强调未预料到，不一定惊讶。 例句：He arrived unexpectedly, but his news was surprisingly good. 考点四 固定搭配 not surprisingly 说明：“not surprisingly”表示“不出所料”，与 surprisingly 意思相反，用于描述意料之中的结果。 例句：Not surprisingly, he passed the exam after studying so hard for weeks. 考点五 同义转换：surprisingly = unexpectedly / to one's surprise 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。surprisingly 可替换为 unexpectedly 或 to one's surprise，均表示令人惊讶地。 例句：Surprisingly, no one was hurt in the accident. (= Unexpectedly, no one was hurt in the accident.) attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/ n. 态度 课本原句：yet he had a surprisingly positive attitude towards life 课本原句：A positive attitude in life can be very powerful. 考点一 固定搭配 attitude towards/to 说明：“attitude towards”或“attitude to”表示“对……的态度”，towards/to 为介词，后接名词或动名词。 例句：His attitude towards his work has changed a lot since he became a manager. 考点二 固定搭配 a positive/negative attitude 说明：“attitude”前常加 positive, negative, good 等形容词，表示“积极的/消极的/好的态度”。 例句：She always keeps a positive attitude even when things go wrong. 考点三 辨析 attitude vs altitude 说明：“attitude”表示“态度”；“altitude”表示“海拔、高度”。两者拼写相似但意义完全不同，易混淆。 例句：The pilot's attitude at high altitude impressed all the passengers. 考点四 固定搭配 show one's attitude 说明：“show one's attitude”表示“表明某人的态度”，常与 show, change, keep 等动词搭配使用。 例句：His speech showed his attitude towards environmental protection. 考点五 固定搭配 take a ... attitude 说明：“take a ... attitude”表示“采取……的态度”，后接形容词，如 take a serious attitude（采取严肃态度）。 例句：The school takes a serious attitude towards bullying among students. 考点六 同义转换：attitude = opinion / viewpoint / way of thinking 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。attitude 可替换为 opinion 或 viewpoint 或 way of thinking，均表示态度、看法。 例句：She has a positive attitude toward life. (= She has a positive viewpoint on life.) despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ prep. 尽管，即使 课本原句：Despite his poor health, Hawking's influence on modern science is great. 课本原句：Despite these challenges, Yang has set big goals for himself. 考点一 用法 despite 后接名词/动名词 说明：“despite”是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词，表示“尽管”，不可直接接句子。 例句：Despite the heavy rain, the children still went out to play. 考点二 辨析 despite vs although 说明：“despite”是介词，后接名词或动名词；“although”是连词，后接完整句子。两者意思相近但用法不同。 例句：Despite his illness, he went to school; although he was sick, he didn't give up. 考点三 固定搭配 despite the fact that 说明：“despite the fact that”后接从句，相当于 although，表示“尽管……的事实”，用于 despite 需要接句子时。 例句：He succeeded despite the fact that he had little help from others. 考点四 固定搭配 despite one's efforts 说明：“despite”常与 efforts, illness, difficulties 等名词搭配，表示“尽管有努力/疾病/困难”。 例句：Despite his efforts, he could not pass the final exam this time. 考点五 辨析 despite vs in spite of 说明：“despite”和“in spite of”意思和用法完全相同，都表示“尽管”，后接名词或动名词。“despite”更正式。 例句：Despite the bad weather, in spite of the warnings, they still went hiking. 考点六 同义转换：despite = in spite of / regardless of 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。despite 可替换为 in spite of 或 regardless of，均表示尽管、不管。注意 despite 后直接跟名词，不加 of。 例句：Despite the rain, we went out. (= In spite of the rain, we went out.) universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙 课本原句：Much of his work focused on understanding our universe better 课本原句：His work has not only changed our view of the universe 考点一 固定搭配 the universe 说明：“the universe”表示“宇宙”，universe 前通常加定冠词 the，指我们所在的整个宇宙。 例句：Scientists are still trying to understand how the universe began. 考点二 固定搭配 understand the universe 说明：“understand the universe”表示“了解宇宙”，常与 understand, explore, study 等动词搭配。 例句：The telescope helps scientists understand the universe better than before. 考点三 辨析 universe vs world 说明：“universe”指“宇宙”，包含所有物质和空间；“world”指“世界”，通常指地球或人类社会，范围更小。 例句：The universe is vast, but our world is just a tiny part of it. 考点四 固定搭配 view of the universe 说明：“view of the universe”表示“对宇宙的看法/认识”，view 此处为名词，表示“观点、视角”。 例句：His research changed people's view of the universe completely. 考点五 派生 universal 的用法 说明：“universal”是形容词，表示“普遍的、全体的”，由 universe 派生而来，强调适用于所有人或事物。 例句：Music is a universal language that people all over the world can enjoy. 考点六 同义转换：the universe = the cosmos / outer space 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。the universe 可替换为 the cosmos 或 outer space，均表示宇宙。 例句：How big is the universe? (= How big is the cosmos?) continued /kənˈtɪnjuːd/ adj. 连续不断的 课本原句：He was also known for his continued efforts in trying to explain very difficult scientific ideas 课本原句：even when times were hard, he continued painting 考点一 固定搭配 continued efforts 说明：“continued efforts”表示“持续不断的努力”，continued 为形容词，修饰 efforts, support 等名词。 例句：Thanks to his continued efforts, the project was finally completed. 考点二 一词多义 continued adj. vs continue v. 说明：“continued”作形容词表示“连续不断的”；也是动词 continue 的过去式/过去分词，表示“继续”。 例句：He continued his work and his continued hard work led to success. 考点三 辨析 continued vs continuous 说明：“continued”侧重“持续不断的（强调不间断地坚持）”；“continuous”侧重“连续不断的（强调中间无停顿）”。 例句：The continued rain for three days caused a continuous flow of water in the river. 考点四 固定搭配 continued support/interest 说明：“continued”常修饰 support, interest, growth 等名词，表示“持续的支持/兴趣/增长”。 例句：We thank you for your continued support of our school over the years. 考点五 派生 continue 的用法 说明：“continue”是动词，搭配 continue to do sth 或 continue doing sth 表示“继续做某事”，两种形式均可。 例句：She continued to study hard and eventually achieved her dream. 考点六 同义转换：continued = ongoing / sustained / persistent 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。continued 可替换为 ongoing 或 sustained 或 persistent，均表示持续的。 例句：His continued efforts led to success. (= His persistent efforts led to success.) scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的 课本原句：trying to explain very difficult scientific ideas to a wider audience 课本原句：people remember not only his scientific achievements 考点一 固定搭配 scientific ideas/research 说明：“scientific”常修饰 ideas, research, method, discovery 等名词，表示“科学的思想/研究/方法/发现”。 例句：The scientist made an important discovery through years of scientific research. 考点二 固定搭配 scientific achievements 说明：“scientific achievements”表示“科学成就”，指在科学领域取得的成果，常与 make, remember 等动词搭配。 例句：Einstein's scientific achievements changed the world of physics forever. 考点三 辨析 scientific vs science 说明：“scientific”是形容词，表示“科学的”，修饰名词；“science”是名词，表示“科学”本身，作主语或宾语。 例句：Science is important, and scientific methods help us find the truth. 考点四 固定搭配 a scientific approach 说明：“a scientific approach”表示“科学的方法/态度”，approach 此处为名词，指处理问题的方法。 例句：We should take a scientific approach to solving this environmental problem. 考点五 派生 scientist 的用法 说明：“scientist”是名词，表示“科学家”，由 science 去 ce 加 tist 构成，指从事科学研究的人。 例句：The scientist spent her whole life studying the stars and planets. 考点六 同义转换：scientific = science-related / technical 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。scientific 可替换为 science-related 或 technical，均表示科学的。 例句：They used scientific methods to solve the problem. (= They used technical methods to solve the problem.) audience /ˈɔːdiəns/ n. 读者，观众，听众 课本原句：trying to explain very difficult scientific ideas to a wider audience 课本原句：his work is enjoyed by a wide audience 考点一 固定搭配 a wide/wider audience 说明：“a wide audience”表示“广泛的观众/读者群”；“a wider audience”表示“更广泛的观众”，wider 是比较级。 例句：The book was written to reach a wider audience around the world. 考点二 一词多义 audience 观众 vs 读者 vs 听众 说明：“audience”可指“观众”（演出、电影等）、“读者”（书籍、文章等）或“听众”（广播、演讲等），需根据语境判断。 例句：The writer's new book attracted a large audience of young readers. 考点三 辨析 audience vs public 说明：“audience”侧重“特定的观众/听众群体”；“public”侧重“公众、大众”，范围更广，不限于特定场合。 例句：The film drew a large audience, and soon the whole public was talking about it. 考点四 固定搭配 attract/reach an audience 说明：“attract an audience”表示“吸引观众”；“reach an audience”表示“触达观众”，常与 attract, reach 等动词搭配。 例句：The show attracted a large audience and reached people of all ages. 考点五 用法 audience 的集合名词用法 说明：“audience”是集合名词，作主语时，强调整体谓语用单数，强调个体成员谓语用复数。a large audience 中 audience 为单数。 例句：The audience was deeply moved by the performance and gave a long round of applause. 考点六 同义转换：audience = spectators / viewers / listeners 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。audience 可替换为 spectators 或 viewers 或 listeners，均表示观众、听众。注意 audience 为集合名词。 例句：The audience clapped loudly. (= The spectators clapped loudly.) highly /ˈhaɪli/ adv. 很，非常 课本原句：His highly popular book, A Brief History of Time, has been translated into more than 30 languages 考点一 固定搭配 highly popular/successful 说明：“highly”常修饰形容词，如 popular, successful, effective 等，表示“非常受欢迎/成功/有效”。 例句：The highly popular singer has millions of fans around the world. 考点二 固定搭配 think/speak highly of 说明：“think highly of”表示“高度评价、看重”，后接某人或某物，常用于被动语态 be highly thought of。 例句：The teacher thinks highly of the student who always works hard. 考点三 辨析 highly vs high 说明：“highly”表示“非常、高度地”（抽象意义）；“high”作副词表示“高地”（具体空间高度）。修饰抽象形容词用 highly。 例句：The bird flew high in the sky, and the pilot highly praised the view. 考点四 固定搭配 highly educated/respected 说明：“highly”常修饰 educated, respected, skilled 等过去分词形容词，表示“受过高等教育的/受人尊敬的”。 例句：She is a highly respected professor who has taught for over thirty years. 考点五 固定搭配 speak highly of 说明：“speak highly of”表示“高度赞扬”，后接某人或某物，与 think highly of 意思相近。 例句：Everyone speaks highly of the doctor who saved the little boy's life. 考点六 同义转换：highly = very / extremely / greatly 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。highly 可替换为 very 或 extremely 或 greatly，均表示高度地、非常。 例句：She is highly respected by her students. (= She is greatly respected by her students.) whenever /wenˈevə(r)/ conj. 无论何时 课本原句：Today, whenever Hawking's name is mentioned, people remember not only his scientific achievements 课本原句：Whenever I face a challenge, I think about my role model. 考点一 用法 whenever 引导时间状语从句 说明：“whenever”引导时间状语从句，表示“无论何时”，相当于 every time，从句可置于主句前或后。 例句：Whenever I feel sad, I listen to my favourite music to cheer up. 考点二 一词多义 whenever 无论何时 vs 每当 说明：“whenever”既可表示“无论何时”（强调任何时候），也可表示“每当”（强调每次发生），需根据语境判断。 例句：Whenever you need help, just call me and I will be there. 考点三 辨析 whenever vs when 说明：“whenever”表示“无论何时”，强调不限定时间；“when”表示“当……时”，指特定时间点。whenever 语气更强。 例句：When I see her, I smile; whenever I see her, I feel happy all day. 考点四 固定搭配 whenever possible 说明：“whenever possible”表示“ whenever 可能的时候”，即“尽可能”，常置于句末，强调抓住一切机会。 例句：She visits her grandparents whenever possible during the holidays. 考点五 用法 whenever 与 whenever 连词系列 说明：“whenever”属于 -ever 系列连词，与 whatever（无论什么）、wherever（无论哪里）、however（无论怎样）等用法类似，表“无论”之意。 例句：Wherever you go, whenever you need me, I will always be your friend. 考点六 同义转换：whenever = every time / no matter when / at any time that 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。whenever 可替换为 every time 或 no matter when，均表示无论何时。 例句：Whenever I see her, she is smiling. (= Every time I see her, she is smiling.) achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ n. 成就 课本原句：people remember not only his scientific achievements, but his courage to fight against his difficulties 课本原句：Many famous people have achieved great things even though they had to deal with difficult challenges 考点一 固定搭配 scientific achievements 说明：“scientific achievements”表示“科学成就”，achievement 常与 scientific, great, major 等形容词搭配。 例句：The scientist's achievements in physics won him the Nobel Prize. 考点二 固定搭配 make great achievements 说明：“make great achievements”表示“取得巨大成就”，常与 make, achieve 等动词搭配，achievement 为可数名词。 例句：She made great achievements in the field of medical research. 考点三 辨析 achievement vs success 说明：“achievement”侧重“具体的成就、成果”，常指经过努力取得的具体成果；“success”侧重“成功”这一总体状态。 例句：His success came from many small achievements over the years. 考点四 一词多义 achievement 成就 vs 完成 说明：“achievement”作可数名词表示“成就、成果”；作不可数名词表示“完成、达到”这一行为过程。 例句：The achievement of the goal required years of hard work and patience. 考点五 派生 achieve 的用法 说明：“achieve”是动词，搭配 achieve one's goal/dream 表示“实现某人的目标/梦想”，后接抽象名词作宾语。 例句：He worked hard every day to achieve his dream of becoming a scientist. 考点六 同义转换：achievement = accomplishment / success 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。achievement 可替换为 accomplishment 或 success，均表示成就、成绩。 例句：Winning the prize was a great achievement. (= Winning the prize was a great accomplishment.) stand in sb’s way — 短语 妨碍某人，阻止某人 课本原句：Hawking never let his illness stand in his way. 考点一 固定搭配 stand in sb's way 说明：“stand in sb's way”表示“妨碍某人，阻止某人”，其中 sb 需根据语境变为相应代词的宾格形式，如 stand in my/his/her way。 例句：Nothing can stand in my way. 考点二 stand in sb's way 的变形 说明：“stand in sb's way”中的 sb 可替换为 me, him, her, us, them 等宾格代词，也可用 one's 替代表示“某人的”，如 stand in one's way。 例句：Don't let anyone stand in your way. 考点三 辨析 stand in sb's way vs get in sb's way 说明：“stand in sb's way”侧重于“阻碍某人实现目标”，多用于抽象语境；“get in sb's way”侧重于“挡路、妨碍”，既可用于具体也可用于抽象语境。 例句：Her parents never stood in her way when she chose her career. 考点四 stand in sb's way 的否定用法 说明：“stand in sb's way”常用于否定句，如 never let...stand in sb's way，表示“不让……阻碍某人”，强调克服困难、勇往直前。 例句：He never let poverty stand in his way to success. 考点五 相关短语 stand in the way of 说明：“stand in the way of”后接名词或动名词，表示“阻碍……的发展/实现”，是 stand in sb's way 的变体形式，侧重阻碍某事而非某人。 例句：Don't let fear stand in the way of your dreams. 考点六 同义转换：stand in sb’s way = block sb / get in sb’s way 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。stand in sb’s way 可替换为 block sb 或 get in sb’s way，均表示挡某人的路、妨碍某人。 例句：Don't let anyone stand in your way. (= Don't let anyone block you.) however /haʊˈevə(r)/ adv. 不管多么 课本原句：However difficult life may seem, there is always something you can do and succeed at. 考点一 固定句型 however + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语 说明：“however”作副词时，常用于句型“however + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语”，表示“不管多么……”，引导让步状语从句。 例句：However hard the task is, we will never give up. 考点二 辨析 however vs but 说明：“however”和“but”都可表示转折，但“however”更正式，且可位于句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号隔开；“but”是连词，连接两个并列分句。 例句：The exam was difficult; however, she got a high score. 考点三 however 作连接副词 说明：“however”可作连接副词，单独使用时表示“然而，不过”，用于引出与前面相反的观点，常用分号或句号与前面的句子隔开。 例句：I wanted to go to the concert; however, the tickets were sold out. 考点四 however 的位置 说明：“however”位置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末。放在句首时后面通常加逗号；放在句中时前后都加逗号；放在句末时前面加逗号。 例句：The weather was cold. We enjoyed the trip, however. 考点五 辨析 however vs no matter how 说明：“however”引导让步状语从句时可与“no matter how”互换，两者都表示“不管多么”，但“however”更常用于书面语。 例句：No matter how busy he is, he always finds time to read. 考点六 同义转换：however = but / nevertheless / yet 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。however 可替换为 but 或 nevertheless 或 yet，均表示然而、可是。 例句：It was raining hard. However, we still went out. (= It was raining hard, but we still went out.) musician /mjuˈzɪʃn/ n. 音乐家 课本原句：Her story reminds me of Xian Xinghai, a musician who also lived through World War II. 考点一 固定搭配 a great/famous musician 说明：“musician”前常加 great, famous, professional 等形容词修饰，表示“伟大的/著名的/专业的音乐家”。 例句：Beethoven was one of the greatest musicians in history. 考点二 派生 music → musician 说明：“music”是名词“音乐”，加后缀 -ian 变为“musician”表示“音乐家”。后缀 -ian 常用于表示“从事某职业的人”。 例句：She studied music for years and became a talented musician. 考点三 辨析 musician vs composer 说明：“musician”泛指“音乐家、音乐人”，包括演奏者、歌手等；“composer”特指“作曲家”，侧重于创作音乐作品的人。 例句：The musician played a piece written by a famous composer. 考点四 musician 的动词搭配 说明：“musician”常与以下动词搭配：become a musician（成为音乐家）、a musician who plays...（演奏……的音乐家），描述人物的职业身份。 例句：He dreamed of becoming a musician who could touch people's hearts. 考点五 派生 musical 的用法 说明：“musical”是形容词，表示“音乐的”，也可作名词表示“音乐剧”。常用搭配有 musical instrument（乐器）、musical talent（音乐天赋）。 例句：She showed great musical talent from a very young age. 考点六 同义转换：musician = music player / artist / performer 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。musician 可替换为 music player 或 artist 或 performer，均表示音乐家、乐手。 例句：He wants to be a musician when he grows up. (= He wants to be an artist when he grows up.) death /deθ/ n. 死亡 课本原句：Hawking lived on and continued to work till he died at 76. 考点一 派生 die → death → dead → deadly 说明：“die”是动词“死亡”，“death”是名词“死亡”，“dead”是形容词“死的”，“deadly”是形容词“致命的”。 例句：The sudden death of the musician shocked everyone. 考点二 固定搭配 die of/from 说明：“die of”后接疾病、饥饿等死因，表示“死于（内因）”；“die from”后接外伤、事故等，表示“死于（外因）”。名词形式为 death from/of。 例句：His death from a heart attack was unexpected. 考点三 辨析 die vs pass away 说明：“die”是中性词，直接表示“死亡”；“pass away”是委婉语，表示“去世、离世”，更为礼貌和含蓄。 例句：The old man passed away peacefully at the age of 90. 考点四 death 的常用搭配 说明：“death”的常用搭配有：after one's death（死后）、cause of death（死因）、a sudden death（猝死）、death rate（死亡率），用于不同语境描述死亡相关概念。 例句：After his death, his works became even more popular. 考点五 同义转换：death = passing away / loss of life 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。death 可替换为 passing away 或 loss of life，均表示死亡。 例句：The death of his pet made him very sad. (= The loss of his pet made him very sad.) shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ n. 肩膀 课本原句：One day, while I was training, I hurt my shoulder. 考点一 固定搭配 hurt one's shoulder 说明：“hurt one's shoulder”表示“伤到某人的肩膀”，one's 需根据主语变化为 my, his, her 等物主代词。 例句：He hurt his shoulder while playing football. 考点二 固定搭配 shrug one's shoulders 说明：“shrug one's shoulders”表示“耸肩”，常用于表示不知道、无所谓或不确定的态度。 例句：She shrugged her shoulders and said she had no idea. 考点三 一词多义 shoulder 肩膀 vs 承担 说明：“shoulder”作名词表示“肩膀”，作动词表示“承担”，如 shoulder the responsibility（承担责任），由肩扛的本义引申而来。 例句：He shouldered the responsibility of taking care of his family. 考点四 固定搭配 shoulder to shoulder 说明：“shoulder to shoulder”表示“肩并肩地、齐心协力地”，形容人们团结一致、共同努力。 例句：The team worked shoulder to shoulder to finish the project. 考点五 同义转换：shoulder = bear / take on / take responsibility for 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。shoulder 作动词时可替换为 bear 或 take on，均表示承担（责任）。 例句：He shouldered the responsibility for the team. (= He bore the responsibility for the team.) make it (to) — 短语 获得成功 课本原句：I trained for four years and finally made it to the Olympics! 考点一 固定搭配 make it 说明：“make it”是常用口语短语，表示“获得成功、做到”，常用于鼓励他人或表达对成功的信心。 例句：Keep working hard and you will make it one day. 考点二 make it to + 地点/事件 说明：“make it to”后接地点或事件，表示“成功到达某地/成功参加某事”，强调经过努力最终实现目标。 例句：Despite the heavy rain, she made it to the meeting on time. 考点三 辨析 make it vs succeed 说明：“make it”是口语化表达，语气轻松，常用于日常对话；“succeed”是正式用语，更强调结果和成就，常用于书面语。 例句：He finally made it as a professional athlete after years of training. 考点四 make it 的时态用法 说明：“make it”可用于不同时态：过去时 made it 表示“成功了”，将来时 will make it 表示“一定会成功”，常用于鼓励。 例句：She made it to the top of the mountain before sunset. 考点五 同义转换：make it (to) = succeed in reaching / arrive at / get to 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。make it (to) 可替换为 succeed in reaching 或 arrive at 或 get to，均表示成功到达。 例句：Despite the heavy rain, they made it to the top of the mountain. (= Despite the heavy rain, they succeeded in reaching the top of the mountain.) coach /kəʊtʃ/ n. 教练 课本原句：My coach was proud of me. 考点一 固定搭配 a basketball/swimming coach 说明：“coach”前常加运动项目名称修饰，表示“篮球/游泳教练”，如 a basketball coach, a swimming coach。 例句：Our basketball coach taught us never to give up. 考点二 一词多义 coach 教练 vs 长途汽车 说明：“coach”作名词既可表示“教练”（体育领域），也可表示“长途汽车”（交通领域），需根据语境判断含义。 例句：We travelled to London by coach to watch the match. 考点三 coach 的动词用法 说明：“coach”也可作动词，表示“训练、指导”，后接 sb 表示“训练某人”，常用于 coach sb in sth（在某方面训练某人）。 例句：She coached the young athletes for three years. 考点四 辨析 coach vs trainer 说明：“coach”侧重于“体育教练”，指导团队或个人的战术和技巧；“trainer”侧重于“健身教练、驯兽师”，更强调体能训练。 例句：The coach helped the team win the championship. 考点五 同义转换：coach = trainer / instructor 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。coach 可替换为 trainer 或 instructor，均表示教练。 例句：The coach encouraged the team to keep trying. (= The trainer encouraged the team to keep trying.) pretty /ˈprɪti/ adv. 相当 课本原句：He was pretty good! 考点一 pretty 作副词的用法 说明：“pretty”作副词表示“相当、挺”，修饰形容词或副词，语气比 very 弱，常用于口语，如 pretty good, pretty soon。 例句：The movie was pretty exciting from start to finish. 考点二 辨析 pretty vs quite vs fairly 说明：“pretty”语气最随意，常用于口语；“quite”语气稍正式；“fairly”语气最弱。三词都表示“相当”，但程度和语体有别。 例句：The test was fairly easy, but the results were pretty good. 考点三 固定搭配 pretty good 说明：“pretty good”是常见口语搭配，表示“相当好、挺好”，语气轻松，常用于日常对话中评价事物。 例句：— How was the food? — Pretty good, actually! 考点四 pretty 作形容词的用法 说明：“pretty”也可作形容词，表示“漂亮的、好看的”，常修饰女孩、花朵、衣服等，语气比 beautiful 轻。 例句：She wore a pretty dress to the party last night. 考点五 同义转换：pretty = quite / fairly / rather 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。pretty 作副词时可替换为 quite 或 fairly 或 rather，均表示相当、非常。 例句：The exam was pretty difficult. (= The exam was quite difficult.) knee /niː/ n. 膝，膝盖 课本原句：He hurt his knees badly, and they never fully got better. 考点一 固定搭配 hurt one's knee(s) 说明：“hurt one's knee(s)”表示“伤到某人的膝盖”，knee 可用单数或复数，取决于受伤的范围。 例句：The runner hurt his knee during the marathon. 考点二 固定搭配 on one's knees 说明：“on one's knees”表示“跪着”，也可比喻为“处于困境、濒临崩溃”，常用于描述恳求或困境。 例句：The boy was on his knees, begging for forgiveness. 考点三 一词多义 knee 说明：“knee”本义为“膝盖”，在特定语境中可引申为“（裤子的）膝盖部分”，如 a hole in the knee（膝盖处的洞）。 例句：His old jeans had holes in both knees. 考点四 辨析 knee vs lap 说明：“knee”指“膝盖关节”，强调关节部位；“lap”指“大腿上方（坐着时的膝部）”，强调坐姿时大腿形成的平面。 例句：The child sat on his mother's lap and listened to the story. 考点五 同义转换：fall on one's knees = kneel down / go down on one's knees 跪下 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。fall on one's knees 可替换为 kneel down 或 go down on one's knees，均表示跪下。 例句：He fell on his knees and begged for forgiveness. (= He knelt down and begged for forgiveness.) challenging /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/ adj. 有挑战性的 课本原句：I have often thought of his example when I find something challenging. 考点一 固定搭配 find sth challenging 说明：“find sth challenging”表示“觉得某事有挑战性”，find 在此表示“觉得、发现”，后接宾语和形容词宾补。 例句：Many students find maths challenging but rewarding. 考点二 派生 challenge → challenging 说明：“challenge”是名词/动词“挑战”，加 -ing 变为形容词“challenging”表示“有挑战性的”，描述难度大但值得尝试的事物。 例句：She accepted the challenge and found it very challenging. 考点三 辨析 challenging vs difficult 说明：“challenging”带有积极色彩，强调“有挑战性、值得尝试”；“difficult”是中性词，仅表示“困难的”，不带积极含义。 例句：The new project is challenging, but I enjoy working on it. 考点四 challenging 的常用搭配 说明：“challenging”常与以下名词搭配：a challenging task（有挑战性的任务）、a challenging job（有挑战性的工作）、a challenging problem（有挑战性的问题），描述需要努力才能完成的事物。 例句：Teaching young children can be a challenging but rewarding job. 考点五 同义转换：challenging = difficult / demanding / tough challenges= hard problems 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。challenging 可替换为 difficult 或 demanding 或 tough，均表示有挑战性的、困难的。 例句：The task was challenging but rewarding. (= The task was difficult but rewarding.) cheers /tʃɪəz/ 感叹词 再见；干杯 课本原句：Cheers, Zhang ke 考点一 cheers 表示干杯 说明：“cheers”在举杯饮酒时使用，表示“干杯”，是英语国家常见的祝酒用语，用于庆祝或表达祝福。 例句：Everyone raised their glasses and said, "Cheers!" 考点二 cheers 表示再见 说明：“cheers”在英式英语口语中表示“再见”，语气随意友好，常用于朋友间的道别，相当于 bye。 例句：I have to go now. Cheers, see you tomorrow! 考点三 cheers 表示感谢 说明：“cheers”在英式英语口语中还可表示“谢谢”，语气随意，常用于接受他人小帮助时，相当于 thanks。 例句：— Here is your book back. — Cheers, mate! 考点四 辨析 cheers vs goodbye 说明：“cheers”作“再见”时更随意口语化，主要用于英式英语；“goodbye”是标准道别语，正式程度更高，适用范围更广。 例句：It was great seeing you. Cheers! Goodbye! 考点五 cheer 的动词用法 说明：“cheer”可作动词，表示“欢呼、为……加油”，常与 for 搭配，如 cheer for sb（为某人加油），cheer up（振作起来）。 例句：The crowd cheered for the athlete as he crossed the finish line. 考点六 同义转换：cheers = encouragement / applause / shouting 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。cheers 可替换为 encouragement 或 applause，均表示欢呼、喝彩。 例句：The cheers of the crowd made the team feel confident. (= The encouragement of the crowd made the team feel confident.) fair /feə(r)/ adj. 公平的，公正的 课本原句：They are about friendship, fair play and never giving up. 考点一 固定搭配 fair play 说明：“fair play”是固定短语，表示“公平竞赛、公平办事”，强调在竞争中遵守规则、诚实守信，常用于体育和日常语境。 例句：The referee always encouraged fair play on the field. 考点二 辨析 fair vs just 说明：“fair”侧重于“公平的、不偏袒的”，常用于日常处事；“just”侧重于“正义的、公正的”，更正式，常用于法律和道德语境。 例句：It is not fair to judge someone before you know the whole story. 考点三 一词多义 fair 公平的 vs 金发的 vs 集市 说明：“fair”作形容词可表示“公平的”、“（皮肤/头发）白皙的/金色的”；作名词可表示“集市、展览会”，需根据语境判断含义。 例句：She has fair hair and a fair attitude towards everyone. 考点四 派生 unfair 的用法 说明：“unfair”是“fair”加否定前缀 un- 构成的形容词，表示“不公平的、不公正的”，常用搭配有 be unfair to sb（对某人不公平）。 例句：It would be unfair to give one student more time than the others. 考点五 固定搭配 it's fair to say 说明：“it's fair to say”是常见句型，表示“可以说、公平地说”，用于引出较为客观的评价或判断，语气委婉。 例句：It's fair to say that she is one of the best players on the team. 考点六 同义转换：fair = just / reasonable 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。fair 可替换为 just 或 reasonable，均表示公平的、合理的。 例句：The teacher was fair to all students. (= The teacher was just to all students.) fair play — 短语 公平竞赛，公平办事 课本原句：They are about friendship, fair play and never giving up. 考点一 固定搭配 fair play 说明：“fair play”表示“公平竞赛、公平办事”，是体育精神的核心，强调遵守规则、尊重对手、诚实竞争。 例句：The coach taught his players the importance of fair play. 考点二 fair play 的引申义 说明：“fair play”不仅用于体育领域，也可引申为“做事公道、待人公平”，用于日常生活和工作中描述诚信行为。 例句：In business, fair play is just as important as in sports. 考点三 辨析 fair play vs justice 说明：“fair play”侧重于“遵守规则、公平竞争”，多用于具体行为；“justice”侧重于“正义、司法公正”，更为抽象和正式。 例句：Fair play on the field reflects a sense of justice in life. 考点四 fair play 的使用场景 说明：“fair play”常用于以下场景：体育比赛（fair play award 公平竞赛奖）、学校教育、商业竞争，强调在竞争中保持诚信和尊重。 例句：The team won the fair play award for their honesty on the field. 考点五 fair play 的相关表达 说明：“fair play”的相关表达有：play fair（公平竞争）、that's not fair（那不公平）、fair and square（光明正大地），都强调公平原则。 例句：We won the game fair and square, without any tricks. 考点六 同义转换：fair play = sportsmanship / honest conduct 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。fair play 可替换为 sportsmanship 或 honest conduct，均表示公平竞争、公正对待。 例句：The team was praised for their fair play. (= The team was praised for their sportsmanship.) Irish /ˈaɪrɪʃ/ adj. 爱尔兰（人）的 课本原句：Kieran Behan, an Irish gymnast, had the dream of competing in the Olympics from a young age. 考点一 Irish 表示爱尔兰的 说明：“Irish”是形容词，表示“爱尔兰（人）的”，可修饰名词如 Irish music（爱尔兰音乐）、Irish culture（爱尔兰文化）等。 例句：She loves Irish music and dreams of visiting Ireland one day. 考点二 辨析 Irish vs Ireland 说明：“Irish”是形容词“爱尔兰的”，修饰名词；“Ireland”是名词“爱尔兰”，表示国家名称，两者词性和用法不同。 例句：Ireland is famous for its beautiful Irish landscapes. 考点三 the Irish 的用法 说明：“the Irish”表示“爱尔兰人”，是集合名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，指代爱尔兰民族的整体。 例句：The Irish are known for their warm hospitality and rich traditions. 考点四 Irish 的名词用法 说明：“Irish”也可作不可数名词，表示“爱尔兰语”，是爱尔兰的官方语言之一，与英语并列使用。 例句：He is learning Irish at school in addition to English. 考点五 同义转换：Irish = from Ireland / of Ireland 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。Irish 可替换为 from Ireland 或 of Ireland，均表示爱尔兰的。 例句：She loves Irish music. (= She loves music from Ireland.) gymnast /ˈdʒɪmnæst/ n. 体操运动员 课本原句：Kieran Behan, an Irish gymnast, had the dream of competing in the Olympics. 考点一 词义 gymnast vs athlete 说明：“gymnast”特指“体操运动员”，而“athlete”泛指“运动员”，范围更广。gymnast 专门指从事体操运动的选手。 例句：Kieran Behan, an Irish gymnast, had the dream of competing in the Olympics. 考点二 派生 gymnastics 体操 说明：“gymnastics”是名词，表示“体操运动”，常用作主语或宾语。如 do gymnastics（做体操）、gymnastics competition（体操比赛）。 例句：Gymnastics requires both strength and flexibility(灵活性). 考点三 固定搭配 an Irish/Olympic gymnast 说明：“gymnast”前常用国籍或赛事形容词修饰，如 Irish gymnast（爱尔兰体操运动员）、Olympic gymnast（奥运体操运动员）、professional gymnast（职业体操运动员）。 例句：The young Chinese gymnast won a gold medal at the Asian Games. 考点四 同义转换：gymnast = gymnastics athlete 例句：The gymnast performed beautifully on the balance beam. (= The gymnastics athlete performed beautifully on the balance beam.) compete /kəmˈpiːt/ vi. 参加比赛；竞争 课本原句：Kieran Behan, an Irish gymnast, had the dream of competing in the Olympics. 考点一 固定搭配 compete in + 比赛/活动 说明：“compete”为不及物动词，后接介词“in”表示“参加……比赛/活动”，如 compete in the Olympics（参加奥运会）、compete in a contest（参加比赛）。 例句：More than 200 athletes competed in the international event. 考点二 固定搭配 compete with/against + 对手 说明：“compete with/against sb”表示“与某人竞争”，with 和 against 在此搭配中可互换使用。 例句：Our team will compete against the best team in the city next week. 考点三 固定搭配 compete for + 目标 说明：“compete for”后接名词或名词短语，表示“为……而竞争”，如 compete for a prize（为奖品竞争）、compete for a place（争夺名额）。 例句：Hundreds of students compete for a place at this top university every year. 考点四 名词派生 competition / competitor 说明：“competition”为名词，表示“比赛、竞争”；“competitor”表示“参赛者、竞争者”。注意拼写差异。 例句：The competition was tough, but every competitor did their best. 考点五 形容词派生 competitive 说明：“competitive”为形容词，表示“有竞争力的、竞争性的”，常修饰 sport, price, market 等名词。 例句：To succeed in today's world, you need to have a competitive spirit. 考点六 同义转换：compete = take part in a contest / participate 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。compete 可替换为 take part in a contest 或 contend 或 participate，均表示竞争、参赛。 例句：She will compete in the national championship. (= She will take part in the national championship.) injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ vt. 伤害，使受伤 课本原句：He got injured when he was 12, and doctors said the same thing. 考点一 被动语态 get/be injured 说明：“get injured”和“be injured”都表示“受伤”，get injured 更侧重口语和动作结果，be injured 更侧重状态。 例句：He got injured when he was 12, but he never gave up his dream. 考点二 辨析 injure vs hurt vs wound 说明：“injure”多指意外事故中身体受伤；“hurt”最常用，可指身体或情感上的伤害；“wound”多指刀伤、枪伤等外力造成的创伤。 例句：The driver was seriously injured in the car accident on the highway. 考点三 名词派生 injury 说明：“injury”为名词，表示“伤害、损伤”，常见搭配有 suffer an injury（受伤）、a serious injury（重伤）。 例句：The basketball player had to take a rest because of a knee injury. 考点四 形容词派生 injured 说明：“injured”可作形容词，表示“受伤的”，也可与 the 连用表示“受伤的人”（the injured）。 例句：The injured man was taken to the nearest hospital immediately. 考点五 固定搭配 injure oneself 说明：“injure oneself”表示“伤到自己”，后可接 doing sth 表示受伤的方式原因。 例句：Be careful with that knife, or you might injure yourself while cutting the vegetables. 考点六 同义转换：injure = hurt / harm / wound 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。injure 可替换为 hurt 或 harm 或 wound，均表示伤害。注意 wound 多指刀伤、枪伤等外伤。 例句：He injured his leg in the accident. (= He hurt his leg in the accident.) performance /pəˈfɔːməns/ n. 表现；表演 课本原句：They celebrate not only amazing performances, but also people's will to keep going even when the way forward seems impossible. 考点一 可数名词用法 说明：“performance”作“表演”讲时为可数名词，复数形式为“performances”；作“表现”讲时既可为可数也可为不可数。 例句：The students gave wonderful performances at the school talent show. 考点二 固定搭配 give a performance 说明：“give a performance”表示“进行表演、演出”，是常见搭配。也可用 put on a performance。 例句：The young pianist will give a performance at the city concert hall next month. 考点三 名词构词 perform + ance 说明：“performance”由动词“perform”加后缀“-ance”构成名词。类似的构词有 appear → appearance（出现）、guide → guidance（指导）。 例句：Her performance in the exam was much better than she had expected. 考点四 搭配 good/poor/excellent performance 说明：“performance”前常加形容词修饰，如 good/poor（好/差的表现）、excellent/outstanding（出色的表现）、academic performance（学业表现）。 例句：The teacher praised Tom for his excellent performance in the maths competition. 考点五 一词多义 表演 vs 表现 说明：“performance”在文艺语境中表示“表演、演出”，在工作或学习语境中表示“表现、业绩”，需根据上下文区分。 例句：His job performance has improved a lot since he joined the training programme. 考点六 同义转换：performance = show / presentation / act 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。performance 可替换为 show 或 presentation 或 act，均表示表演、演出。 例句：The students gave an excellent performance at the concert. (= The students gave an excellent show at the concert.) will /wɪl/ n. 意志，毅力；意愿 课本原句：They celebrate not only amazing performances, but also people's will to keep going even when the way forward seems impossible. 课本原句：Where there's a will, there's a way. 考点一 熟词生义 will 作名词 说明：“will”除了作情态动词表示“将要”外，还可作名词，含义为“意志、毅力、意愿”。这是中考常见的熟词生义考点。 例句：With a strong will, you can overcome any difficulty in your life. 考点二 谚语 Where there's a will, there's a way 说明：“Where there's a will, there's a way.”是经典英语谚语，意为“有志者事竟成”。will 在此句中作名词，表示“意志”。 例句：Remember, where there's a will, there's a way. Never give up! 考点三 固定搭配 a strong will 说明：“a strong will”表示“坚强的意志”，常用 have a strong will（有坚强的意志）或 show a strong will（展现出坚强的意志）。 例句：Stephen Hawking showed a strong will to continue his research despite his illness. 考点四 固定搭配 the will to do sth 说明：“the will to do sth”表示“做某事的意志/意愿”，to do 为不定式作后置定语。如 the will to succeed（成功的意志）、the will to live（生存的意志）。 例句：Her will to become a doctor kept her studying hard through difficult times. 考点五 派生形容词 willing 说明：“willing”为形容词，表示“乐意的、愿意的”，常见搭配 be willing to do sth（乐意做某事），反义词为 unwilling。 例句：He is always willing to help his classmates with their homework. 考点六 同义转换：will = determination / willpower / resolve 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。will 作名词时可替换为 determination 或 willpower 或 resolve，均表示意志、决心。 例句：She has a strong will to succeed. (= She has strong determination to succeed.) runner /ˈrʌnə(r)/ n. 赛跑运动员，跑步者 课本原句：He is a British runner. 课本原句：That is what I learnt from Derek Redmond, the famous runner. 考点一 构词 run + -er → runner 说明：“runner”由动词“run”双写 n 再加后缀“-er”构成，表示“跑步者”。注意拼写时双写 n。类似构词有 swim → swimmer、win → winner。 例句：Derek Redmond is a British runner who never gave up in the face of pain. 考点二 派生名词 running 说明：“running”是动名词或名词，表示“跑步运动”。常见搭配有 go running（去跑步）、running shoes（跑鞋）。 例句：Running every morning helps her stay fit and healthy. 考点三 搭配 a fast/long-distance runner 说明：“runner”前常加形容词修饰跑步者的类型或特点，如 fast runner（跑得快的人）、long-distance runner（长跑运动员）。 例句：As a long-distance runner, he knows how to save his energy during a race. 考点四 动词 run 的常用短语 说明：“run”作为动词有多个常用短语：run out of（用完）、run into（偶遇；撞上）、run after（追赶），掌握这些短语有助于理解与 runner 相关的语境。 例句：The runner ran into some trouble during the race but still finished it. 考点五 同义转换：runner = racer / athlete / participant 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。runner 可替换为 racer 或 athlete 或 participant，均表示跑步者、赛跑选手。 例句：The runner crossed the finish line first. (= The racer crossed the finish line first.) semi-final /ˌsemi ˈfaɪnl/ n. 半决赛 课本原句：During the semi-final race at the Olympics, he hurt his leg badly. 考点一 前缀 semi- 表示“半” 说明：“semi-”是常见前缀，表示“半、部分”。同前缀词汇有 semi-circle（半圆）、semi-automatic（半自动的）、semi-finalist（参加半决赛的选手）。 例句：The team reached the semi-final after winning three matches in a row. 考点二 合成词 semi + final 说明：“semi-final”是由前缀“semi-”加“final”构成的合成词，字面意为“半决赛”。注意写为带连字符的形式。 例句：During the semi-final race, the runner got injured but still finished the race. 考点三 赛事阶段词族 说明：“半决赛（semi-final）”是赛事淘汰阶段的倒数第二轮，之后是“决赛（final）”，之前是“四分之一决赛（quarter-final）”。 例句：After winning the quarter-final, the team prepared for the semi-final. 考点四 搭配 the semi-final race/match 说明：“semi-final”后常接 race、match、game 等词表示半决赛的具体比赛项目，如 the semi-final race（半决赛跑步项目）。 例句：All eyes were on the semi-final match between the two top teams. 考点五 同义转换：semi-final = semifinal / next-to-last round 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。semi-final 可替换为 semifinal 或 next-to-last round，均表示半决赛。 例句：The team made it to the semi-final. (= The team made it to the semifinal.) whatever /wɒtˈevə(r)/ det.&pron. 无论什么 课本原句：Whatever your goals are, it is so important to never give up! 考点一 引导让步状语从句 说明：“whatever”后可接名词引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”，等同于“no matter what”。从句中用陈述语气。 例句：Whatever your goals are, it is so important to never give up! 考点二 whatever = no matter what 说明：“whatever”引导让步状语从句时，可替换为“no matter what”。这是中考常见的同义句转换考点。 例句：No matter what happens, we should always keep a positive attitude. 考点三 whatever 作代词 说明：“whatever”还可作代词，表示“任何东西、无论什么”，在句中可作主语或宾语。如 You can choose whatever you like.（你可以选任何你喜欢的）。 例句：You can be whatever you want to be if you work hard enough. 考点四 -ever 词族总结 说明：“-ever”词族包括 whatever（无论什么）、whoever（无论谁）、wherever（无论哪里）、whenever（无论何时）、however（无论怎样）。该类词均可替换为 no matter + 疑问词。 例句：Whoever you are, you should never give up on your dreams. 考点五 同义转换：whatever = no matter what / anything that / regardless of what 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。whatever 可替换为 no matter what 或 anything that，均表示无论什么。 例句：Whatever happens, don't give up. (= No matter what happens, don't give up.) diary /ˈdaɪəri/ n. 日记 课本原句：Anne kept a diary and recorded her experiences. 考点一 固定搭配 keep a diary 说明：“keep a diary”是固定搭配，表示“记日记”，动词用 keep。不用 write a diary（中英差异，write a diary 较少见）。 例句：Anne kept a diary and recorded her experiences during the war. 考点二 辨析 diary vs journal 说明：“diary”通常指私人每日记录生活事件和感受的日记；“journal”既可指个人日志，也可指学术期刊或航海日志。diary 更偏日常个人化。 例句：She has kept a diary for over ten years and never missed a single day. 考点三 介词搭配 write in a diary 说明：“写日记”的英文表达为“write in a diary”，介词用 in；说“在日记中读到”用“read in a diary”。 例句：Every night before bed, she writes in her diary about the day's events. 考点四 拼写辨析 diary vs dairy 说明：“diary”与“dairy”拼写相近，容易混淆。“diary”是“日记”（顺序：dia-），“dairy”是“乳制品、牛奶场”（顺序：dai-）。这是常见的拼写考点。 例句：Don't confuse 'diary' with 'dairy'—one is for writing, the other is for milk. 考点五 同义转换：diary = journal / daily record 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。diary 可替换为 journal 或 daily record，均表示日记。 例句：She writes in her diary every night. (= She writes in her journal every night.) victory /ˈvɪktəri/ n. 胜利 课本原句：It has become a symbol of the victory of the human spirit. 考点一 固定搭配 achieve/win a victory 说明：“victory”前常用动词“win”或“achieve”搭配，表示“取得胜利”。如 win a victory（赢得胜利）、achieve victory（获得胜利）。 例句：The team worked hard and finally achieved victory in the final match. 考点二 辨析 victory vs success vs triumph 说明：“victory”侧重竞赛或战争中的“胜利”；“success”侧重“成功”，范围更广；“triumph”意为“大胜、凯旋”，语气最强烈。 例句：Anne Frank's diary has become a symbol of the victory of the human spirit. 考点三 形容词派生 victorious 说明：“victorious”为形容词，表示“胜利的、获胜的”。常用 be victorious（获胜）、the victorious team（获胜的队伍）。 例句：The victorious players hugged each other and cried with joy. 考点四 搭配 a great/major victory 说明：“victory”前常加形容词修饰胜利的程度，如 a great victory（伟大的胜利）、a major victory（重大胜利）、a narrow victory（险胜）。 例句：Winning the gold medal was a great victory for the whole country. 考点五 反义词 defeat 说明：“victory”的反义词为“defeat”，意为“失败”。注意 victory 是名词，其反义词 defeat 也常作名词。表示“失败”还可用 loss。 例句：After several defeats, the team's first victory brought tears to everyone's eyes. 考点六 同义转换：victory = win / triumph / success 说明：中考常考同义词汇转换。victory 可替换为 win 或 triumph 或 success，均表示胜利、成功。 例句：The team celebrated their victory. (= The team celebrated their win.) live through sth /lɪv θruː/ 短语 经历（灾难等）而幸存 课本原句：Her story reminds me of Xian Xinghai, a musician who also lived through World War II. 考点一 短语搭配 live through + 困难/灾难 说明：“live through”表示“经历（困难/灾难）而幸存下来”，后接表示困难、灾难、战争等的名词或名词短语。 例句：Xian Xinghai was a musician who lived through World War II. 考点二 辨析 live through vs go through 说明：“live through”强调经历灾难并“幸存”；“go through”仅强调“经历”，不一定有幸存之意；“get through”侧重“渡过难关”。 例句：My grandparents lived through a terrible earthquake when they were young. 考点三 动词 live 的基本含义 说明：“live”在此短语中为不及物动词，表示“活着、生存”。区分 live 作及物动词的用法：live a happy life（过幸福的生活）。 例句：Many people who lived through the war have unforgettable memories of that time. 考点四 时态变化 说明：“live through”的过去式为“lived through”，现在分词为“living through”。描述过去经历时常用一般过去时。 例句：Those who lived through the hard times often value peace more than anyone else. 考点五 同义替换 survive 说明：“live through”可用“survive”替换。survive 更直接地表示“幸存”，在写作中可互相替换以丰富表达。 例句：It is hard to imagine how people managed to live through such a terrible war. 考点六 同义转换：live through sth = survive / go through / endure 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。live through sth 可替换为 experience 或 go through 或 endure，均表示经历、度过。 例句：The old man lived through two world wars. (= The old man experienced two world wars.) perform /pəˈfɔːm/ vt. 做，执行 vt.&vi. 表演 课本原句：It is impossible for him to perform everyday tasks, like walking or turning over in bed by himself. 考点一 一词多义 执行 vs 表演 说明：“perform”有两个核心含义：在日常和工作语境中表示“做、执行”（perform a task）；在文艺语境中表示“表演”（perform on stage）。需根据上下文区分。 例句：It is impossible for him to perform everyday tasks, like walking or turning over in bed. 考点二 固定搭配 perform a task/operation 说明：“perform”作“执行”讲时，常接“task（任务）”、“operation（手术/操作）”、“duty（职责）”等名词。 例句：The doctor will perform an operation on the patient tomorrow morning. 考点三 固定搭配 perform on stage 说明：“perform”作“表演”讲时，常接地点状语 on stage/at the concert，表示表演的场合。也可及物使用：perform a song（演唱歌曲）。 例句：The young dancer will perform on stage for the first time this Friday. 考点四 名词派生 performer 说明：“performer”表示“表演者、执行者”，由 perform + -er 构成。同根名词 performance（表现、表演）也要掌握。 例句：He is not only a great performer but also a kind person who helps others. 考点五 动词 perform 与名词 performance 的关系 说明：“perform”（动词）和“performance”（名词）的词形转换是常见考点。注意 perform 的重音在第二个音节，而 performance 的重音也在第二个音节。 例句：If you want to perform well, you need to prepare carefully in advance. 考点六 同义转换：perform = act / carry out / put on a show 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。perform 可替换为 act 或 carry out 或 put on a show，均表示表演、执行。 例句：The band will perform at the concert. (= The band will put on a show at the concert.) disappoint /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt/ vt. 使…失望 课本原句：He did not want to disappoint his family as well as himself, so he always tried his best. 考点一 前缀 dis- 表示否定 说明：“disappoint”由否定前缀“dis-”加“appoint（任命、约定）”构成，字面意为“未能达到约定→使失望”。同前缀词有 dislike（不喜欢）、disagree（不同意）。 例句：He did not want to disappoint his family, so he studied even harder. 考点二 形容词 disappointed vs disappointing 说明：“disappointed”表示“感到失望的”（修饰人）；“disappointing”表示“令人失望的”（修饰事物）。这是中考-ing/-ed 分词的常考点。 例句：She felt disappointed when she heard the disappointing news about the match. 考点三 固定搭配 be disappointed with/in/at 说明：“be disappointed with/in sb”表示“对某人失望”；“be disappointed at/about sth”表示“对某事感到失望”。 例句：The coach was not disappointed with the team because they tried their best. 考点四 固定搭配 disappoint sb 说明：“disappoint”为及物动词，直接接人作宾语，表示“使某人失望”。如 disappoint one's parents（让父母失望）、disappoint oneself（让自己失望）。 例句：Yang Fan did not want to disappoint his family, so he always tried his best. 考点五 名词派生 disappointment 说明：“disappointment”为名词，表示“失望”。常见搭配有 to one's disappointment（令某人失望的是）、a great disappointment（极大的失望）。 例句：To his disappointment, the match was cancelled because of the heavy rain. 考点六 同义转换：disappoint = let down / fail to satisfy / upset 说明：中考常考同义句型转换。disappoint 可替换为 let down 或 fail to satisfy 或 upset，均表示使失望。 例句：His performance disappointed the audience. (= His performance let the audience down.) - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $