Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练）英语译林版必修第一册

**基本信息** 以“健康与饮食”为主题，融合外刊阅读、词汇语法、多题型训练及迁移应用，构建“输入-理解-应用-迁移”的系统性方法体系，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |外刊拓展阅读|1篇|核心概念解析|引入健康饮食基础词汇与原理| |长难句分析|2句|结构拆解+难点突破+改写建议|从语法结构到语义理解的逻辑推导| |能力培优拔高|10篇|细节理解/推理判断/主旨大意等题型解法|主题相关知识的综合应用| |迁移应用篇|句子填空/翻译/写作|词汇语法迁移与实际情境表达|语言知识到应用能力的转化|

Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 培优提升篇 Passage 1 1. A 2. B 3. C Passage 2 4. C 5 . A 6. B Passage 3 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. C Passage 4 11.A 12. C 13. B 14. A Passage 5 1. A 2. G 3. C 4. B 5. D Passage 6 6. A 7. E 8. C 9. F 10. G Passage 7 1-5 CDBDA 6-10 BCBCB 11-15 DACAD Passage 8 1-5. BBBCA 6-10. CACAB 11-15. ADACA Passage 9 1. unforgettable 2. a 3. as 4 that 5. to win 6. gratefully 7. achievements 8. who 9. Facing 10. have benefited Passage 10 1. natives 2. exactly 3. to see 4. includes 5. the 6. is made 7. its 8. which/that 9. on/upon 10. confident 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. skip 2. frightened 3. attention 4. effects 5. contribute 6. Slightly 7. talents 8. proud 9. guard 10. achievement 二、用关系副词引导的定语从句翻译句子 答案： (1) a growing trend where students care too much about their appearance (2) where fresh fruit and vegetables are eaten daily (3) a time when I followed extreme diets (4) the reason why such habits were harming my memory and concentration (5) where I spend an hour each day (6) where unrealistic beauty standards are often shown (7) moments when I feel proud of who I am 三、应用文写作 范文 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you love sports. However, drinking a lot of ice water right after hard exercise is not a good idea. First, it may cause stomach pain because your body is hot and the sudden cold shock hurts your digestion.  Second, it slows down blood circulation, which makes it harder for your body to cool down naturally. My suggestion is to drink small amounts of warm water or sports drinks at room temperature instead. This helps your body recover faster and keeps you hydrated safely. I hope this advice is useful to you. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 Why breakfast is so important （改编自https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/breakfast#ideas-for-healthy-breakfast-foods） When you wake up from your overnight sleep, you may not have eaten for up to 12 hours. Breakfast refills the stores of energy and nutrients in your body. The body’s energy source is glucose. Glucose is broken down and absorbed from the carbohydrates you eat. The body stores most of its energy as fat. But your body also stores some glucose as glycogen, most of it in your liver, with smaller amounts in your muscles. During times of fasting (not eating), such as overnight, the liver breaks down glycogen and releases it into your bloodstream as glucose to keep your blood sugar levels stable. This is especially important for your brain, which depends almost completely on glucose for energy. In the morning, after you have gone without food for as long as 12 hours, your glycogen stores are low. Once all of the energy from your glycogen stores is used up, your body starts to break down fatty acids to produce the energy it needs. But without carbohydrate, fatty acids are only partially oxidised, which can reduce your energy levels. Eating breakfast boosts your energy levels and restores your glycogen levels ready to keep your metabolism up for the day. Skipping breakfast may seem like a good way to reduce overall energy intake. But research shows that even with a higher intake of energy, breakfast eaters tend to be more physically active in the morning than those who don’t eat until later in the day. 【全文翻译】 为什么早餐如此重要 经过一夜睡眠醒来后，你可能长达12个小时没有进食。早餐可以补充你体内储存的能量和营养。 人体能量的主要来源是葡萄糖。葡萄糖由你摄入的碳水化合物分解并吸收。人体大部分能量以脂肪的形式储存。但人体也会将部分葡萄糖以糖原的形式储存，大部分储存在肝脏中，少量储存在肌肉中。 在禁食期间（例如夜间），肝脏会分解糖原并将其以葡萄糖的形式释放到血液中，以维持血糖水平的稳定。这对大脑尤为重要，因为大脑几乎完全依赖葡萄糖供能。 早上，在长达12小时的禁食后，你的糖原储备会很低。一旦糖原储备中的能量耗尽，身体就会开始分解脂肪酸来产生所需的能量。但如果没有碳水化合物，脂肪酸只能部分氧化，这会降低你的能量水平。 吃早餐可以提升你的能量水平，并补充糖原，为一天的代谢做好准备。 不吃早餐似乎是减少总能量摄入的好方法。但研究表明，即使能量摄入量更高，吃早餐的人早上也往往比那些一天中较晚才进食的人更活跃。 【核心词汇】 ① glucose n. 葡萄糖 ② carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物 ③ glycogen n. 糖原 ④ liver n. 肝脏 ⑤ fasting n. 禁食；节食 ⑥ bloodstream n. 血流 ⑦ stable adj. 稳定的 ⑧ fatty acid n. 脂肪酸（词组） ⑨ oxidised adj. 氧化的 ⑩ boost v. 促进；提高 ⑪ restore v. 恢复 ⑫ metabolism n. 新陈代谢 ⑬ intake n. 摄入量 ⑭ overall adj. 整体的；总的 【长难句分析】 1. But research shows that even with a higher intake of energy, breakfast eaters tend to be more physically active in the morning than those who don’t eat until later in the day. 句子长度：共32个单词 结构特点：主句（research shows）+ that引导的宾语从句；宾语从句中，介词短语“even with a higher intake of energy”作让步状语，主干为“breakfast eaters tend to be more physically active”，后接比较状语“than those + who引导的定语从句”。 难点1：even with + 名词短语 — 表示“即使有……”，这里的“with”不是“和……一起”，而是让步含义，初中生容易误解为伴随状语。 难点2：tend to be — 表示“倾向于/往往是”，不是简单的“是”，需要理解这种“倾向性”表达。 难点3：more physically active — 比较级中“physically”修饰“active”，意为“在身体活动方面更积极”，初中生可能不熟悉副词修饰形容词的用法。 难点4：than those who... — “those”指代“breakfast eaters”一类的人，定语从句“who don’t eat until later”修饰“those”，需要识别出比较对象和从句的修饰关系。 涉及超标单词：intake（摄入量），physically（身体上地），tend（倾向于） 改写建议（句意基本不变）：But research shows that breakfast eaters are usually more active in the morning than people who eat later, even if they consume more calories. 2. Once all of the energy from your glycogen stores is used up, your body starts to break down fatty acids to produce the energy it needs. 句子长度：共26个单词 结构特点：Once引导的时间状语从句（含介词短语“from your glycogen stores”修饰“energy”），主句为“your body starts to break down fatty acids”，后接不定式“to produce the energy”表示目的，末尾“it needs”是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰“the energy”。 难点1：Once 作连词，意为“一旦”，表示条件或时间，初中生更熟悉其作副词“曾经”的用法，此处容易混淆。 难点2：used up — 是动词短语“用完、耗尽”，不是单独的“used”加“up”，需要整体理解。 难点3：break down — 意为“分解”，也是短语动词，初中生可能只熟悉“break”的本义“打破”。 难点4：the energy it needs — 定语从句省略了关系代词that，初中生需要识别出“it needs”是修饰前面“the energy”的限定性定语，且“it”指代“your body”。 涉及超标单词：glycogen（糖原），stores（此处作名词“储存量”），fatty acids（脂肪酸，专业术语） 改写建议（句意基本不变）：When all the energy stored in your glycogen is used up, your body starts to break down fatty acids to make the energy that it needs. 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 (原创) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Diet for rapid weight loss Very Low-Calorie Diet (VLCD) A VLCD is only recommended for adults who have obesity and need to lose weight for health reasons. On a VLCD, you may have as few as 800 calories a day and may lose up to 3 to 5 lb (1.5 to 2 kg) a week. Most VLCDs use meal replacements, such as powders, soups, shakes, and bars instead of regular meals. This helps ensure that you get all of the nutrients you need each day. Low-Calorie Diet (LCD) These diets usually allow about 1,200 to 1,500 calories a day for women and 1,500 to 1,800 calories a day for men. An LCD is a better choice than a VLCD for most people who want to lose weight quickly. But you should still be monitored by your provider. You will not lose weight as fast with an LCD, but the total weight loss over time can match that of a VLCD. Intermittent Fasting (间歇性禁食) Fasting is an ancient form of caloric restriction. It has become more popular recently. There are many different fasting regimens and it is unclear which may be the best. One of the most popular is the 5:2 system. This involves 2 days a week of fasting or VLCD and 5 days a week of eating your normal diet. Diets that incorporate fasting can cause rapid weight loss. The Role of Exercise Rapid weight loss is more about cutting calories than exercising. Talk with your provider about what type of exercise you should do while you are on this type of diet. Your provider may suggest waiting until you are on a more long-term diet to start exercising. 1. How many calories on VLCD? A. 800 calories. B. 1200 calories. C. 1500 calories. D. 600 calories. 2. What is true about LCD? A. Faster loss. B. Same total. C. No monitor. D. Safer choice. 3. What may the provider suggest about exercise? A. It is key. B. Start now. C. Delay it. D. Not needed. 【正确答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了快速减重的几种饮食方案（极低热量饮食、低热量饮食、间歇性禁食）及运动建议，旨在为有减重需求的人提供科学参考。 【解析】 1. A 细节理解题。题干问“VLCD每日热量是多少？”根据原文“On a VLCD, you may have as few as 800 calories a day”可知为800卡，故选A。B项1200和C项1500均为低热量饮食（LCD）的热量范围，属于张冠李戴；D项600低于原文明确给出的最低值，与事实不符，排除。 2. B 细节理解题。题干问“关于LCD哪项正确？”根据原文“You will not lose weight as fast with an LCD, but the total weight loss over time can match that of a VLCD”可知LCD虽速度较慢，但长期总减重量可与VLCD相当，故选B “Same total”。A项“Faster loss”与原文“not as fast”相悖；C项“No monitor”与原文“should still be monitored”不符；D项“Safer choice”属过度推断，原文仅说LCD对多数人“better choice”（更好选择），并未提及安全性更高，排除。 3. C 判断推理题。题干问“医生可能对运动提出什么建议？”根据原文“Your provider may suggest waiting until you are on a more long-term diet to start exercising”可推断运动可能被推迟，故选C “Delay it”。A项“It is key”与原文“more about cutting calories than exercising”矛盾，运动并非关键；B项“Start now”与“waiting”相反；D项“Not needed”属过度推断，原文仅建议推迟，并非完全不需要运动，排除。 Passage 2 (原创) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 It is important that you eat the right amount of food. Too little and you don’t have enough energy and don’t grow. Too much and you could become unhealthy. The type of food that you eat is also important. You should eat at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day. A portion is around a handful. Potatoes do not count in this total as they are carbohydrates. You should also eat plenty of carbohydrates as they give you energy. It is best to choose brown or wholegrain versions such as granary rolls and brown pasta and rice as these have more fibre. Dairy products such as milk, cheese and butter are important because they give you calcium which helps you to grow strong bones. Although you don’t need an enormous amount of protein it is important to eat protein every day. You find protein in fish, beans, lentils, tofu and meat. Your body does not need any sweets or chocolate but you can still eat them. Just make sure that they are an occasional treat. The food pyramid is useful because it shows you how much of each food group you need to have a balanced diet. Do you eat a balanced diet? 4. What is a result of too little food? A. Strong bones. B. Less fibre. C. No energy. D. More calcium. 5. Which is a carbohydrate? A. Potato. B. Fruit. C. Milk. D. Meat. 6. What does the pyramid mainly show? A. Food groups. B. Balanced amounts. C. Healthy bones. D. Enough energy. 【正确答案】4. C 5 . A 6. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了均衡饮食中各类食物的作用与摄入建议，并提及食物金字塔的用途，旨在为青少年提供科学的饮食指导。 【解析】 4. C 细节理解题。题干问“吃得太少会导致什么结果？”根据原文首句“Too little and you don’t have enough energy”可知，直接结果是能量不足，故选C。A项“Strong bones”来自后文钙质对骨骼的作用，属于张冠李戴；B项“Less fibre”文中未将纤维与“吃太少”建立因果，属过度关联；D项“More calcium”与原文乳制品补钙的方向相反，亦属张冠李戴，均排除。 5. A 细节理解题。题干问“哪种是碳水化合物？”根据原文“Potatoes do not count in this total as they are carbohydrates”可知，土豆属于碳水化合物，故选A。B项“Fruit”在文中属于推荐食用的蔬果类别，并非碳水；C项“Milk”属于乳制品；D项“Meat”属于蛋白质来源，均属张冠李戴，排除。 6. B 判断推理题。题干问“金字塔主要展示什么？”根据原文“it shows you how much of each food group you need to have a balanced diet”可知，其核心是展示达到均衡饮食所需的各类食物的具体量，故选B (Balanced amounts，即均衡的份量)。A项“Food groups”虽然也是展示内容之一，但未涵盖“how much”（多少量）这一核心信息，属于以偏概全；C项“Healthy bones”和D项“Enough energy”仅是金字塔中涉及的部分营养素作用，不能概括其主要功能，均属以偏概全，排除。 Passage 3 (原创) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Long-term weight management is about a balance of many factors. One of the biggest challenges faced by people who have lost weight is keeping it off. Successful long-term weight management requires an understanding of how to balance food intake and physical activity, but it's also about more than that. The key is finding a sustainable lifestyle that you enjoy. To begin with, it's crucial to understand that maintaining your weight does not mean reverting to your old eating habits once you've hit your weight loss goal. The diet that helped you lose weight should be the foundation of your eating habits moving forward. Of course, you can afford some occasional indulgences, but these should be the exception rather than the rule. Physical activity is another crucial component of long-term weight management. Regular exercise helps burn off calories, but it also improves your physical health in countless other ways, making you feel better overall and boosting your motivation to maintain a healthy lifestyle. One often overlooked aspect of keeping lost weight off is the role of social support. Having supportive people around your family, friends, or support groups can make a huge difference. They can provide encouragement during tough times and celebrate with you when you achieve your milestones. Maintaining your weight also requires regular monitoring. This doesn't necessarily mean weighing yourself every day. Becoming obsessed about your weight is not a healthy habit to develop, but keeping an eye on your weight trends can help identify any small weight gains early so they can be addressed before they turn into larger problems. You don't want to find yourself back where you started with a large amount of weight that needs to be lost. Another important factor in weight maintenance is mental health. Stress and depression can often lead to overeating and reduced physical activity. Learning how to manage stress and seeking help for depression can be crucial components of keeping off the weight you've lost. In conclusion, successful long-term weight management is about balance. It requires a combination of healthy eating, regular physical activity, social support, regular monitoring, and good mental health. It's a lifestyle change, but it's one that comes with many rewards. 7. What is important to understand when trying to maintain lost weight? A. You can now eat bad foods more often. B. Not going back to how you used to eat. C. It's okay to stop exercising once you've reached your weight goal. D. Your diet should completely change after losing weight. 8. Why is physical activity crucial for long-term weight management? A. Exercise is only needed until you lose weight. B. Physical activity is not as important as diet. C. Exercise can be replaced by diet pills. D. There are many benefits to your overall health. 9. What role does social support play in maintaining weight? A. You should stay away from others to focus on your weight goals. B. Social support has limited impact on weight management. C. You need to join a support group to help with weight management. D. People close to you can provide inspiration and support. 10. What is the importance of monitoring in weight maintenance? A. You should weigh yourself every day. B. Monitoring weight is not as important as diet and exercise. C. Problems can be seen early. D. You should only weigh yourself once a year. 【正确答案】7. B 8. D 9. D 10. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了成功长期维持减重成果所需的多方面因素，强调平衡饮食、运动、社会支持、监测和心理健康的重要性，为读者提供科学的体重管理建议。 【解析】 7. B 细节理解题。题干问“在尝试维持减重成果时，理解什么至关重要？”。文章第二段首句明确指出：“it's crucial to understand that maintaining your weight does not mean reverting to your old eating habits once you've hit your weight loss goal.”（关键在于理解维持体重并不意味着达到目标后回归旧饮食习惯。）随后强调减重期间的饮食应作为未来饮食的基础。因此，核心是“不回到过去的吃法”，B项正确。A项“现在可以更频繁地吃垃圾食品”与原文“indulgences should be the exception rather than the rule”相悖；C项“达到目标后可以停止运动”与后文强调运动是长期管理的关键组成部分矛盾；D项“减重后饮食应完全改变”与原文“减重时的饮食应作为基础”不符，故排除。 8. D 细节理解题。题干问“为什么体育活动对长期体重管理至关重要？”。文章第三段明确指出：“Regular exercise helps burn off calories, but it also improves your physical health in countless other ways, making you feel better overall and boosting your motivation”（规律运动有助于燃烧热量，同时以无数其他方式改善身体健康，让你整体感觉更好并增强保持健康生活方式的动力）。这直接说明运动对整体健康有多重益处，D项正确。A项“运动只在减重前需要”错误；B项“运动不如饮食重要”文中未比较主次；C项“运动可被减肥药替代”无依据，故排除。 9. D 细节理解题。题干问“社会支持在维持体重中起什么作用？”。文章第四段提到：“Having supportive people around you – family, friends, or support groups – can make a huge difference. They can provide encouragement... and celebrate with you”（身边有支持你的人——家人、朋友或支持团体——能产生巨大影响，他们能在困难时给予鼓励，并在你达成里程碑时与你庆祝）。这明确说明亲近的人能提供激励和支持，D项正确。A项“应孤立自己”与原文相反；B项“社会支持影响有限”与“huge difference”矛盾；C项“必须加入支持团体”过于绝对，原文提及支持团体只是选项之一，并非必需，故排除。 10. C 细节理解题。题干问“监测在体重维持中的重要性是什么？”。文章第五段指出：“keeping an eye on your weight trends can help identify any small weight gains early so they can be addressed before they turn into larger problems”（关注体重趋势有助于及早发现任何微小的体重增加，从而在它们变成大问题之前加以解决）。这说明监测的作用是尽早发现问题，C项正确。A项“应每天称重”与原文“doesn't necessarily mean weighing yourself every day”不符，且过度称重不健康；B项“监测不如饮食和运动重要”文中未作比较；D项“一年只称一次”与及早发现问题的目的相悖，故排除。 Passage 4 （25-26高一上·深圳高级中学·期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Many people think that, because freezing and then unfreezing food will break down vitamins (维生素), frozen vegetables and fruits must be less nutritious than fresh ones. When fruits and vegetables are picked from plants, they still do things like "breathing", and over time, their vitamins start to break down. That is just how nature works. Before fruits and vegetables get to supermarkets or local markets, they have to be carried, stored, and then finally brought to people's homes. This whole trip often takes a long time, and during this period, their vitamins slowly disappear. But for frozen fruits and vegetables, right after they're picked, they will be quickly frozen at -18°C. At this temperature the "breathing" almost stops, and tiny living things can't grow. Freezing helps keep vitamins in fruits and vegetables safe - it doesn't hurt them, and it might even help. Experts from the U.S. Department of Agriculture looked at common things in fruits and vegetables, such as vitamin C, B vitamins, polyphenols (多酚), and carotenoids (类胡萝卜素). They checked products sold in markets and found that while frozen and fresh vegetables might have small differences in some things, overall, they're not that different. In fact, sometimes frozen fruits and vegetables keep more of these vitamins than fresh ones do. Scientists from Sheffield Hallam University in the UK studied 37 kinds of food and found that both frozen green beans and fresh green beans have high levels of beta-carotene after being cooked. For these reasons, international health groups say that both frozen fruits and vegetables and fresh ones are acceptable. The old idea that "frozen fruits and vegetables are low quality" is no longer true. 11. What can we infer about people's attitudes toward frozen food in the past? A. They thought it was not as good as fresh food B. They didn't know how to store fresh vegetables C. They believed it had more vitamins than fresh food D. They preferred frozen food because it was cheaper 12. What do we know about picked fruits and vegetables? A. They begin to protect peels B. They stop breathing quickly C. Temperatures affect their vitamins D. Sellers care about their appearance 13. What do experts and scientists find about frozen produce? A. They lose vitamins once cooked B. They may maintain more nutrients C. They have more types of vitamins D. They are delicious for a short time 14. What is the suitable title for the text? A. Frozen vs Fresh: Similar Quality? B. Frozen Food: Less Safe Than Fresh? C. Storing Vegetables: Tips for Freezing D. Markets: Selling More Frozen Foods 【答案】11.A 12. C 13. B 14. A 【导语】本文围绕“冷冻果蔬是否比新鲜果蔬营养价值低”的误区展开：首先指出大众认为“冷冻会破坏维生素，冷冻果蔬营养价值更低”的观点，接着通过科学原理（新鲜果蔬运输储存中维生素流失，冷冻果蔬采摘后速冻锁住维生素）和专家研究（冷冻与新鲜果蔬营养差异小，有时冷冻果蔬维生素保留更多），打破传统认知，说明两者均可接受，冷冻果蔬并非“低质量”。 【解析】 11. A 根据第一段“Many people think that... frozen vegetables and fruits must be less nutritious than fresh ones”和最后一段“The old idea that 'frozen fruits and vegetables are low quality' is no longer true”可知，过去人们认为“冷冻食品不如新鲜食品好”（营养价值低、质量差）。B项“不知道如何储存新鲜蔬菜”、C项“认为冷冻食品维生素更多”、D项“因便宜更喜欢冷冻食品”均未在文中提及，故选A。 13.C 根据第二段“When fruits and vegetables are picked... their vitamins start to break down... during this period, their vitamins slowly disappear”（常温下维生素流失）和第三段“at -18°C the 'breathing' almost stops... Freezing helps keep vitamins”（低温下维生素保留）可知，“温度会影响果蔬的维生素含量”。A项“开始保护果皮”未提及，B项“迅速停止呼吸”与“still do things like 'breathing'”矛盾，D项“卖家关注外观”未提及，故选C。 13. B 根据第四段“overall, they're not that different. In fact, sometimes frozen fruits and vegetables keep more of these vitamins than fresh ones do”可知，专家和科学家发现“冷冻果蔬可能保留更多营养（维生素）”。A项“烹饪后失去维生素”与“both frozen green beans and fresh green beans have high levels of beta-carotene after being cooked”矛盾，C项“维生素种类更多”未提及，D项“短期内美味”未提及，故选B。 14. A 全文核心对比“冷冻果蔬”与“新鲜果蔬”的营养价值，说明两者质量（营养）相近，甚至冷冻果蔬有时更优，打破“冷冻果蔬质量差”的误区。B项“冷冻食品比新鲜食品不安全？”（文中未提及安全性），C项“储存蔬菜：冷冻技巧”（侧重储存方法，非核心），D项“市场：销售更多冷冻食品”（侧重市场销售，非核心），均不符合主旨，故选A。 Passage 5 （原创） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A healthy diet is essential for good health and nutrition. 1___ They are important sources of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre, plant protein and antioxidants. People with diets rich in vegetables and fruit have a significantly lower risk of obesity, heart disease, stroke, diabetes and certain types of cancer. Eat less fat Fats and oils are concentrated sources of energy. Eating too much fat, particularly the wrong kinds of fat, like saturated and industrially-produced trans-fat, can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. Using unsaturated vegetable oils (olive, soy, sunflower or corn oil) rather than animal fats or oils high in saturated fats (butter, ghee, lard, coconut and palm oil) will help consume healthier fats. 2 To avoid unhealthy weight gain, you should keep your total fat intake below 30% of your overall energy. Limit intake of sugars For a healthy diet, sugars should represent less than 10% of your total energy intake. Reducing even further to under 5% has additional health benefits. Choosing fresh fruits instead of sweet snacks such as cookies, cakes and chocolate helps reduce consumption of sugars. 3 Limiting intake of soft drinks, soda and other drinks high in sugars (fruit juices, cordials and syrups, flavoured milks and yogurt drinks) also helps reduce intake of sugars. 4___ Keeping your salt intake to less than 5g per day helps prevent hypertension and reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke in the adult population. Limiting the amount of salt and other high-sodium condiments, such as soy sauce and fish sauce, when cooking and preparing foods helps reduce salt intake. 5 Following these guidelines can help you build a healthier lifestyle and lower your risk of many chronic diseases. A. Eat plenty of vegetables and fruit. B. Reduce salt intake to protect your health. C. The same principle applies to sugary drinks. D. These simple changes can make a big difference. E. This advice is especially important for older adults. F. This means you should choose whole grains instead. G. These healthy fats can replace the harmful ones in your diet. 【正确答案】1. A 2. G 3. C 4. B 5. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕“健康饮食”这一主题，从多吃蔬果、减少脂肪、限制糖分、控制盐分四个方面给出了具体的膳食建议，旨在帮助读者建立更健康的生活方式，降低慢性疾病风险。 【解析】 1. A 考查段落主题引入。该空位于段落首句，后文的"They"指代的是"蔬菜和水果"，整段都在阐述多吃蔬果的益处，包括其营养成分和健康作用。A项"Eat plenty of vegetables and fruit"直接点明了该段的核心主题，起到了引入段落话题的作用，与后文形成"主题—展开"的结构关系，故选A。B项"Reduce salt intake"主题与后文不符；F项"whole grains"文中未提及，属无中生有。 2. G 考查指代。前文提到"Using unsaturated vegetable oils...rather than animal fats...will help consume healthier fats"（使用不饱和植物油代替动物脂肪有助于摄入更健康的脂肪），G项"These healthy fats can replace the harmful ones in your diet"中，"These healthy fats"指代前文的"unsaturated vegetable oils"，"the harmful ones"指代前文的"animal fats or oils high in saturated fats"，指代关系明确，承上启下，故选G。E项虽提到"protecting your heart"，但该段核心是"脂肪类型替换"，且缺乏前文明确的指代对象；F项"older adults"文中无依据。 3. C 考查论证方法（并列举例）。前文用"Choosing fresh fruits instead of sweet snacks..."作为第一个例子，说明用健康替代品减少糖摄入；后文用"Limiting intake of soft drinks, soda and other drinks high in sugars..."作为第二个例子，说明限制含糖饮料同样重要。前后两个例子并列，从"固体甜食"和"含糖饮料"两个角度共同论证"减少糖摄入"这一论点。C项"The same principle applies to sugary drinks"中的"the same principle"指代"用健康方式减少糖摄入"这一原则，"sugary drinks"则引出后文的具体饮料例证，起到了在并列论证中承上启下的作用，故选C。F项"whole grains"与段落主题无关；B项涉及"salt"而非"sugars"，偏离主题。 4. B 考查小标题。该空位于段落首句，后文全部围绕"salt intake"（盐摄入）展开，包括具体数值（5g per day）、健康益处（prevent hypertension）和具体措施（limiting salt and condiments）。B项"Reduce salt intake to protect your health"准确概括了该段主题，且与段落内容形成"标题—正文"的结构关系，故选B。A项"Eat plenty of vegetables and fruit"内容与盐摄入无关；E项"older adults"文中无依据，属无中生有。 5. D 考查段落结构（总结过渡句）。该空位于文章末尾，前文已给出四个方面的具体饮食建议，后文"Following these guidelines can help you build a healthier lifestyle and lower your risk of many chronic diseases"是对全文的总结。D项"These simple changes can make a big difference"中的"These simple changes"指代前文所有的饮食建议，"make a big difference"则自然引出后文关于健康生活方式和降低患病风险的具体益处，起到了从"具体建议"过渡到"综合效果"的桥梁作用，符合结尾段首句的功能，故选D。A项仅涉及蔬果一个方面，无法概括全文；G项仅涉及脂肪部分，同样无法作为全文总结，故排除。 Passage 6 （25-26高一上·湖北武汉中学·1月月考）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The use of technology in sports is supposed to be able to provide accurate and instant feedback, with better decision-making and fewer errors than human intervention. 6 __ The annual tennis tournament, Wimbledon, made the decision this year to replace their line judges. They were switched out for AI that analyses camera footage, which should be faster and more accurate. Nevertheless, the electronic line calling system failed just a week into the 2025 championship. 7 This meant a point had to be replayed, which resulted in Sonay Kartal controversially winning the game. If technology needs humans to operate it in the first place, whose fault is it in situations like these where things go wrong? In football, VAR (video assistant referee) is also regularly used these days. A referee can ask for a VAR check, which means that if they are unsure of a decision, they can double-check their own judgement. However, last football season, VAR made oversights which angered a lot of managers, players and fans. 8 Despite this, before VAR, 82% of the decisions made were considered correct; now that figure is 96%. 9 Professor Gina Neff from Cambridge University says that we have a very strong, in-built sense of fairness. “The machine makes decisions based on the set of rules it’s been programmed to apply,” she said. “Right now, in many areas where AI is touching our lives, we feel like humans understand the context much better than the machine.” 10_ _ A. But is that always the case? B. Patience is needed as the system matures. C. They said the system was not fit for purpose. D. Then who should carry the blame when mistakes happen? E. The ball-tracking technology was turned off by a person accidentally. F. So, why do we still not trust technology if it often improves a situation? G. Whether you trust it or not, technology is here to stay, including in sports. 【答案】6. A 7. E 8. C 9. F 10. G 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕科技在体育领域的应用展开，主要介绍了科技的弊端，讨论科技出错时的责任归属问题。 6. 上文“The use of technology in sports is supposed to be able to provide accurate and instant feedback, with better decision-making and fewer errors than human intervention. (体育领域对科技的运用本应能提供精准且即时的反馈，相比人工干预，决策更优、失误更少。)”提出科技在体育中应更优的观点，而下文介绍了温网AI司线系统故障、以及足球VAR技术的弊端。因此A项“但是情况总是如此吗？”符合语境，引出下文。故选A。 7. 上文“Nevertheless, the electronic line calling system failed just a week into the 2025 championship. (然而，在 2025 年锦标赛开赛仅一周后，电子司线系统就出现了故障。)”提及系统故障，由此推测，空出需补充故障的具体原因。E项”球追踪技术被一个人意外关闭了。”承接上文。故选E。 8. 上文“However, last football season, VAR made oversights which angered a lot of managers, players and fans. (然而，上个足球赛季，VAR的疏忽激怒了很多教练、球员和球迷。)”指出上个赛季VAR失误引发不满，由此可知，这个系统没有达到预期目的。空处需补充人们对VAR系统的负面评价，以完整呈现VAR的争议性。C项“他们表示该系统不符合使用需求。”符合语境。故选C。 9. 下文“Professor Gina Neff from Cambridge University says that we have a very strong, in-built sense of fairness. “The machine makes decisions based on the set of rules it’s been programmed to apply,” she said. (剑桥大学的Gina Neff教授表示，人类天生就拥有强烈的公平感。“机器做出决策，依据的是为其编程设定的那套规则，” 她说道。)”陈述了人们不相信科技的原因。由此推测，空处可能提出“人们为什么不相信科技”这个疑问。F项“既然科技往往能改善现状，那我们为什么仍然不信任它呢？”符合推测，引出下文内容。故选F。 10. 空处位于文末，应是总结性语句。上文“Right now, in many areas where AI is touching our lives, we feel like humans understand the context much better than the machine. (目前，在AI触及我们生活的诸多领域，我们认为人类比机器更能理解背景语境。)”提及人类对科技的认知优势，需在结尾给出对科技在体育领域未来的客观判断。G项“无论你是否信任，科技都将持续存在，体育领域也不例外。”符合语境，客观指出科技在体育领域的必然性。故选G。 Passage 7 （25-26高一上·长沙雅礼中学中学·期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Levi Millers life changed during an ordinary dinner with his family. That evening, director Joe Wright called to 1 the 11 year old the starring role in Wright’s upcoming movie Pan. The phone call led Levi to leave his home in Australia to 2 in London, England. His mother 3 her job to accompany him. Levi began 4 when he was 2 or 3. He joined in some of his older sister’s dance shows. He wanted to share the 5 she was getting. When he was 5 or 6, he won a drama competition as Peter Pan. This was 6 wonderful for him. But Levi still had a lot to learn on the set of his first movie. First, he had to change his 7 to sound like he was from London. He learned about life in London during World War II, which was when the movie 8 . He also needed to figure out how to cry on cue (提示). His 9 was to think about his dog, who had died not long before. At first, Levi felt very awkward around the 10 actors he worked with. For example, it took him several weeks to feel 11 calling Hugh Jackman “Hugh”, who is widely known for his iconic portrayal of Wolverine in the “X-Men” film series. Before that, he would only 12 him as “Mr. Jackman.” Since that 13 experience, Levi has continued acting on 14 . His next movie was a smaller Australian production called Red Dog. And this year he has a starring role in the movie A Wrinkle in Time. Levi loves the 15 that acting provides. He says, “Every time I go on a set, it’s a whole different world, and I love that.” 1. A. assist B. tell C. offer D. prevent 2. A. explore B. wander C. struggle D. film 3. A. handled B. quit C. refused D. continued 4. A. walking B. dancing C. traveling D. performing 5. A. applause B. burden C. memory D. profits 6. A. barely B. definitely C. typically D. eventually 7. A. skin B. direction C. accent D. will 8. A. kept up B. took place C. made up D. showed off 9. A. role B. advice C. trick D. treat 10. A. energetic B. famous C. proud D. creative 11. A. concerned B. confident C. content D. comfortable 12. A. address B. regard C. connect D. believe 13. A. personal B. bad C. precious D. limited 14. A. screen B. stage C. time D. purpose 15. A. response B. techniques C. advantages D. possibilities 【答案】1-5 CDBDA 6-10 BCBCB 11-15 DACAD 【导语】本文是一篇记述文。文章主要讲述了Levi从小喜欢表演，在11岁时得到的一个角色改变了他的人生，自此开启了他的电影演艺之路。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，导演乔·赖特（Joe Wright）打电话说将把他即将上映的电影《彼得潘》的主角给11岁的Levi。A. assist帮助；B. tell告诉；C. offer提供；D. prevent 预防。根据下文“the 11-year-old the starring role”可知，导演乔·赖特是给Levi提供主演这一角色。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一电话让Levi离开他澳大利亚的家去伦敦拍摄电影。A. explore探索 ；B. wander徘徊；C. struggle挣扎；D. film拍摄。根据上文“That evening, director Joe Wright called to 1 the 11 year old the starring role in Wrights upcoming movie Pan.”和下文“Levi still had a lot to learn on the set of his first movie.”可知，Levi是去拍电影了。故选D。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他妈妈辞掉工作陪伴他。A. handled处理；B. quit辞去；C. refused拒绝；D. continued继续。根据下文“to accompany him.”可知，Levi的母亲应该是为了陪伴他表演，而辞去了工作。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Levi两三岁的时候，就开始表演。A. walking步行；B. dancing跳舞；C. traveling旅行；D. performing表演。根据下文“He joined in some of his older sister’s dance shows.”可知，Levi加入了他姐姐的舞蹈表演，所以他两三岁时开始表演。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他想要分享姐姐获得的掌声。A. applause掌声；B. burden负担；C. memory记忆力；D. profits 利润。根据上文“his older sister’s dance shows”可知，Levi想要分享的应该是姐姐表演获得的掌声。故选A。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这对他来说一定很美好。A. barely 几乎不；B. definitely 相当地，一定地；C. typically 典型地；D. eventually 最后地。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他必须改变自己的口音以便听起来像来自伦敦。A. skin皮肤、外表；B. direction方向；C. accent口音；D. will 意愿。根据下文“to sound like he was from London.”可知，Levi是想要自己的发音听起来像是来自伦敦，所以是改变自己的口音。故选C。 8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他要了解第二次世界大战期间伦敦的生活，也就是电影发生的时间。A. 赶上，坚持；B. took place发生；C. made up弥补，编造；D. showed off 炫耀。根据上文“He learned about life in London during World War II”可知，这里指Levi拍摄的电影发生的时间。故选B。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他必须要弄清楚如何在暗示下哭泣，他的诀窍是想想他不久前就死了的狗。A. role角色；B. advice建议；C. trick诀窍；D. treat 招待。根据上文“figure out how to cry”可知，Levi要学习怎么哭泣，所以，他自己的诀窍就是想想他死去的狗，然后会感到伤心难过就会哭了。故选C。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：刚开始，Levi与他一起工作的有名的演员在一起感到很尴尬。A. energetic 有活力的；B. famous有名的；C. proud骄傲的；D. creative 有创造力的。根据下文“For example, it took him several weeks to feel 11 calling Hugh Jackman “Hugh”. Before that, he would only 12 him as “Mr. Jackman.”可知，Levi是和有名的演员一起工作。 故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他花了几周的时间才觉着称休·杰克曼为“休”舒服。A. concerned 担心的 ；B. confident自信的；C. content 满意的；D. comfortable舒适的。根据下文可知，之前会很客气的称呼Mr. Jackman，现在直接称呼Hugh，所以这一变化是他适应了几周才让自己很舒服地这样称呼那个人。故选D。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在此之前，他只会称呼他为“杰克曼先生。”根据上文“Levi felt very awkward around the 10 actors he worked with.”可知，他和名人一起工作感到尴尬，那么他肯定称呼也会非常正式，所以之前只会客气地称“Mr. Jackman”。address作动词时可表示“称呼某人为……”故选A。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：自从有了那次宝贵的经历，Levi继续在银幕上演戏。A. personal个人的；B. bad 坏的；C. precious宝贵的 D. limited有限的。根据上文“Levi still had a lot to learn on the set of his first movie”和下文“His next movie”可知，有了第一次宝贵的拍电影的经历，他接下来才会要继续演电影。故选C。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第 13 题详解。A. screen银幕；B. stage舞台；C. time 时间；D. purpose目的。根据下文“His next movie”可知，Levi拍摄的是电影，此处是在银幕上。故选A。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Levi喜欢表演带给他的可能性。A. response 回应；B. techniques技巧；C. advantages好处；D. possibilities可能性。根据下文“Every time you go on a set, it’s a whole different world.”可知，表演带给他不同的体验，也暗示是多样的可能性。故选D。 Passage 8 （25-26高一上·江西乐平一中·期中）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My first day at senior high school was unforgettable. I woke up early, feeling both excited and 1 . I put on my new 2 and looked at myself in the mirror. “This is a new 3 ,” I said to myself. On the way to school, my mind was full of questions. Would the teachers be strict? Would I 4 any friends? When I arrived, I saw hundreds of new faces. I felt a little 5 in the crowd. I found my classroom and chose a seat at the back. Soon, a boy with a bright smile came and sat next to me. “Hi, I’m Mark. Nice to meet you,” he said 6 . We shook hands. His 7 made me feel more comfortable. Our first lesson was math. The teacher, Mr. Smith, seemed very kind. He didn’t start with the textbook immediately. 8 , he told us a funny story about his own first day at high school. The whole class laughed, and the 9 atmosphere (气氛) disappeared. During the 10 , Mark introduced me to some of his friends from junior high. We talked about our 11 for the new term. I was glad to find that we all wanted to join the school basketball team. We decided to go to the try-outs (选拔赛) together next week. Looking back, I understand that the first day is 12 for everyone. It’s normal to feel 13 . But if you are 14 and open to new things, you will soon find your place. A positive 15 is the key to a good start. 1. A. bored B. nervous C. relaxed D. sleepy 2. A. shirt B. uniform C. jacket D. glasses 3. A. end B. start C. plan D. method 4. A. lose B. miss C. make D. keep 5. A. lonely B. happy C. proud D. angry 6. A. angrily B. sadly C. friendly D. coldly 7. A. friendliness B. speech C. question D. appearance 8. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Besides 9. A. tense B. happy C. warm D. quiet 10. A. lesson B. break C. night D. weekend 11. A. plans B. problems C. fears D. homework 12. A. long B. easy C. short D. challenging 13. A. anxious B. confident C. sleepy D. sick 14. A. patient B. serious C. brave D. quiet 15. A. attitude B. grade C. uniform D. teacher 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一天上高中的经历和感受。作者感到既兴奋又紧张，在课堂上认识了新朋友马克，并与他一起为加入篮球队做准备。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我醒得很早，既兴奋又紧张。A. bored无聊的；B. nervous紧张的；C. relaxed放松的；D. sleepy困倦的。根据前文“My first day at senior high school was unforgettable.”以及后文“On the way to school, my mind was full of questions. Would the teachers be strict?”可知，作者对于新环境、新老师和新同学的种种担忧和不确定感，可以推断出作者在开学第一天既兴奋又紧张。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我穿上新校服，在镜子前看着自己。A. shirt衬衫；B. uniform校服；C. jacket夹克；D. glasses眼镜。根据前文“My first day at senior high school”以及“put on”可知，开学第一天通常会穿新校服。故选B项。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是一个新的开始，”我对自己说。A. end结束；B. start开始；C. plan计划；D. method方法。根据前文“My first day at senior high school was unforgettable.”可知，作者认为这是一个新的开始。故选B项。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会交到朋友吗？A. lose失去；B. miss错过；C. make制作，结交；D. keep保持。根据前文“This is a new ________,”以及后文“any friends”可知，作者在担心自己是否能在新环境中交到朋友。make friends为固定短语，意为“交朋友”。故选C项。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在人群中，我感到有点孤独。A. lonely孤独的；B. happy开心的；C. proud骄傲的；D. angry生气的。根据前文“I saw hundreds of new faces”可知，作者在人群中感到有点孤独。故选A项。 【6题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“嗨，我是马克。很高兴认识你，”他友好地说。A. angrily生气地；B. sadly悲伤地；C. friendly友好地；D. coldly冷漠地。根据前文“a boy with a bright smile came and sat next to me”以及后文“made me feel more comfortable”可知，马克是友好地跟作者打招呼，由此让作者感到很舒服。故选C项。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的友好让我感到更舒服。A. friendliness友好；B. speech演讲；C. question问题；D. appearance外貌。根据前文“Soon, a boy with a bright smile came and sat next to me. “Hi, I’m Mark. Nice to meet you,” he said _______.”可知，马克友好地跟作者打招呼以及后文“made me feel more comfortable”可以推断出，是马克的友好让作者感到更舒服。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他给我们讲了一个关于他自己高中第一天的有趣故事。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead相反；D. Besides此外。根据前文“He didn’t start with the textbook immediately.”以及后文“he told us a funny story about his own first day at high school.”可知，老师没有立即开始讲课本，而是讲了一个有趣的故事，“相反”符合语境。故选C项。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：全班都笑了，紧张的气氛消失了。A. tense紧张的；B. happy开心的；C. warm温暖的；D. quiet安静的。根据前文“The whole class laughed,”以及后文“atmosphere disappeared”可知，原本紧张的气氛因为老师的幽默故事而消失了。故选A项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：课间休息时，马克把我介绍给了他初中的一些朋友。A. lesson课程；B. break休息；C. night夜晚；D. weekend周末。根据后文“Mark introduced me to some of his friends from junior high”可知，在课间休息时马克把作者介绍给了他初中的一些朋友。故选B项。 【11题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们谈论了我们对新学期的计划。A. plans计划；B. problems问题；C. fears恐惧；D. homework家庭作业。根据后文“I was glad to find that we all wanted to join the school basketball team.”以及“We decided to go to the try-outs together next week.”可以推断出，他们谈论的是对新学期的计划和打算。故选A项。 【12题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我明白第一天对每个人来说都是具有挑战性的。A. long长的；B. easy容易的；C. short短的；D. challenging具有挑战性的。根据前文“On the way to school, my mind was full of questions. Would the teachers be strict? Would I ________ any friends?”可知，作者开学第一天的种种担忧和不确定感以及后文“It’s normal to feel ________.”可知，第一天对每个人来说都是具有挑战性的。故选D项。 【13题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：感到焦虑是很正常的。A. anxious焦虑的；B. confident自信的；C. sleepy困倦的；D. sick生病的。根据前文描述作者开学第一天的紧张情绪以及后文“But if you are ________ and open to new things, you will soon find your place.”可知，此处与前文构成转折关系，故前文提到感到焦虑是很正常的情绪反应。故选A项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是如果你勇敢并乐于接受新事物，你很快就会找到自己的位置。A. patient耐心的；B. serious严肃的；C. brave勇敢的；D. quiet安静的。根据后文“and open to new things, you will soon find your place”可知，勇敢并乐于接受新事物的人更容易适应新环境并找到自己的位置。故选C项。 【15题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：积极的态度是良好开端的关键。A. attitude态度；B. grade成绩；C. uniform校服；D. teacher老师。根据前文“But if you are ________ and open to new things”以及后文“is the key to a good start”可知，如果你勇敢并乐于接受新事物，你很快就会找到自己的位置，这种积极的态度是良好开端的关键。故选A项。 Passage 9 （25-26高一上·江西上饶市·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Lang Ping, a world-famous Chinese sporting icon, has left an 1 (forget) influence on volleyball. Nicknamed “The Iron Hammer” for her amazingly fierce spiking (球风凌厉), she won 2 gold medal at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics with China’s women’s team. After retiring 3 a player, Lang took up coaching and led teams in different countries. It was her second time as China’s coach 4 strengthened her position in sports history. In 2016, she guided China to Olympic gold in Rio, becoming the first athlete ever 5 (win) the title as both player and coach. Lang once said 6 (grateful) that she owed her 7 (achieve) to many people, including the coaches and guides who shaped her from her earliest days in the sport. Her story is not just about personal glory; it also inspires female coaches, 8 are still underrepresented (代表性不足的) in high-level sports. 9 (face) the low percentage of qualified female coaches in the Olympic Committee, the IOC has launched initiatives to support women coaches. So far, over 100 coaches from 50 countries 10 (benefit) from these programs. Lang’s success proves that with steady devotion, anyone can achieve great things. She has become a respected role model for young people around the world. There is no doubt that her influence will be felt for many years to come. 【答案】1. unforgettable 2. a 3. as 4 that 5. to win 6. gratefully 7. achievements 8. who 9. Facing 10. have benefited 【导语】本文是记叙文，讲述了世界著名体育偶像郎平的排球生涯与成就。 【解析】 【1题详解】 考查形容词。句意：郎平，中国著名体育偶像，在排球领域留下了令人难忘的影响。此处修饰名词influence，此处表示“令人难忘的”，需用形容词unforgettable“难忘的”，作定语。故填unforgettable。 【2题详解】 考查冠词。句意：她因凌厉的扣球被称为“铁榔头”，1984年洛杉矶奥运会上与中国女排一同夺得金牌。gold medal为可数名词单数，表泛指“一枚金牌”，且gold以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：退役后，郎平投身教练行业，执教过多个国家的队伍。固定搭配retire as...表示“以……身份退役”，符合语境。故填as。 【4题详解】 考查强调句。句意：正是她第二次担任中国国家队教练，巩固了她在体育史上的地位。此处为强调句结构“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他成分”，被强调部分是her second time as China’s coach，指事物，用that。故填that。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2016年，她带领中国女排队夺得里约奥运会金牌，成为史上首位既以球员身份又以教练身份获得该荣誉的运动员。固定搭配the first to do sth.表示“首位做某事的人”，用动词不定式to win，作后置定语。故填to win。 【6题详解】 考查副词。句意：郎平曾满怀感激地说，她的成就归功于许多人，包括在她体育生涯早期培养她的教练和指导者。此处修饰动词said，用副词作状语；grateful的副词形式为gratefully，表“感激地”。故填gratefully。 【7题详解】 考查名词。句意：郎平曾满怀感激地说，她的成就归功于许多人，包括在她体育生涯早期培养她的教练和指导者。此处作owed的宾语，用名词形式；achieve的名词为achievement，表“成就”时为可数名词，此处指不止一个成就，用复数achievements。故填achievements。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：她的故事不仅关乎个人荣耀，也激励着在高水平体育领域仍代表性不足的女性教练们。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是female coaches，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。故填who。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：面对奥委会中合格女性教练比例偏低的情况，国际奥委会推出了支持女性教练的举措。此处为非谓语动词作状语，face与逻辑主语the IOC之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，句首首字母大写。故填Facing。 【10题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，来自50个国家的100多名教练已从这些项目中受益。根据时间状语So far可知，用现在完成时；主语over 100 coaches为复数，谓语动词用have benefited。故填have benefited。 Passage 10 （25-26高一上·浙江温州中学·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 You know how disappointed it can be if you are not able to communicate with the 1 (native) when you’re traveling, and you might think learning a new language is a tough task. But fear not! We figured out 2 (exact) how many words you need to learn to speak a language well. A group of linguists (语言学家) have created a test 3 (see) how many words you know in English. There are 200,000+ words in the English language, but the test only 4 (include) 50 of them. You may not understand all of the 50 words. The linguists believe that if you multiply (乘) 5 number of words out of 50 that you understand by 500, you’ll almost know your English vocabulary. A professor has found that native speakers of a language know 15,000 to 20,000 lemmas (词目). A lemma 6 (make) up of a root word (say: walk) and all of 7 (it) inflections (屈折形式) (walked, walking, walker, etc.). But if you learn a new language, you can never understand 15,000 lemmas. He discourages people from learning all of the words in a language. There are 800 to 1,000 lemmas 8 are used most frequently in the language. He advises people to focus 9 these lemmas. With these lemmas, people can understand 75% of the language. And they will be 10 (confidence) enough to start a conversation, order at a restaurant, and deal with other daily communication. 【答案】1. natives 2. exactly 3. to see 4. includes 5. the 6. is made 7. its 8. which/that 9. on/upon 10. confident 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习一门语言的方法和技巧。 【解析】 【1题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：你知道如果你在旅行时不能和当地人交流是多么的失望，你可能会认为学习一门新语言是一项艰巨的任务。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，native意为“当地人”，此处表示复数意义，用其复数形式。故填natives。 【2题详解】 考查副词。句意：我们算出了学好一门语言确切地需要多少单词。分析句子，设空处使用副词exactly作状语，意为“确切地”，修饰动词短语figured out。故填exactly。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一组语言学家设计了一个测试，看看你知道多少英语单词。分析句子，句中have created为谓语，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处使用不定式，作目的状语。故填to see。 【4题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：英语中有20多万个单词，但测试只涉及其中的50个。分析句子，include是谓语动词，主动语态。根据前半句的are可知，此处使用一般现在时。主语the test为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应该使用第三人称单数。故填includes。 【5题详解】 考查冠词。句意：语言学家认为，如果你把你能理解的50个单词的数量乘以500，你就几乎掌握了你的英语词汇量。句中the number of意为“……的数量”。故填the。 【6题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：一个词目由一个词根（比如：walk）和它所有的词形变化（walked、walking、walker等）组成。分析句子可知，be made up of (由……组成)用作谓语，根据句意可知，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时，主语A lemma单数，谓语单数形式。故填is made。 【7题详解】 考查代词。句意：一个词目由一个词根（比如：walk）和它所有的词形变化（walked、walking、walker等）组成。分析句子，设空处使用it的形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰名词inflections。故填its。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：英语中最常用的词目有800到10000种。分析句子，设空处引导的是限制性定语从句，先行词lemmas，为物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which/that引导。故填which或that。 【9题详解】 考查介词。句意：他建议人们关注这些词目。句中focus on/upon为固定短语，意为“集中注意力于……”。故填on或upon。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们将有信心开始交谈，在餐馆点菜，以及处理其他日常交流。分析句子可知，设空处使用形容词confident作表语，意为“自信的”。故填confident。 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. To stay healthy, you should never ______ meals, especially breakfast. 答案： skip 解析： 本空需填入动词原形，因情态动词 should 后接动词原形。skip 意为“跳过，不做（应做的事情等）”，此处指“不吃（早餐等）”，符合句意。concentrate（集中注意力）和 take in（摄入）均与“跳过一餐”无关。 句意： 为了保持健康，你不应该跳过任何一餐，尤其是早餐。 2. The little girl was so ______ of the dark that she always slept with a light on. 答案： frightened 解析： 本空需填入形容词作表语，系动词 was 后接形容词。be frightened of 为固定搭配，意为“害怕……”，后接 the dark。faint（昏眩的）虽为形容词，但搭配 of 不成立，且语义不符。 句意： 那个小女孩如此害怕黑暗，以至于她总是开着灯睡觉。 3. It is important for students to pay full ______ to their teachers in class. 答案： attention 解析： 本空需填入名词，固定搭配 pay attention to 表示“注意……”，attention 作动词 pay 的宾语。concentrate 虽表示“集中注意力”，但它是动词，不能直接作 pay 的宾语。 句意： 对于学生来说，在课堂上全神贯注听老师讲课是很重要的。 4. Some weight-loss pills may help you get into shape, but they also have harmful ______ on your health. 答案： effects 解析： 本空需填入名词，固定搭配 have effects on 表示“对……有影响”。前文“weight-loss pills”和转折词 but 提示“对健康的有害影响”。effect 为可数名词，此处用复数 effects 表示多种影响。 句意： 一些减肥药可能帮助你健身，但它们也对你的健康有有害影响。 5. Eating too much sugar can ______ to health problems such as obesity and diabetes. 答案： contribute 解析： 本空需填入动词原形，情态动词 can 后接动词原形。固定搭配 contribute to 表示“导致，促成”，后接 health problems。guard against（防范）虽可接 against，但语义相反。 句意： 吃太多糖会导致健康问题，如肥胖和糖尿病。 6. ______, eating a balanced diet may not show immediate results, but in the long run it benefits you greatly. 答案： Slightly 解析： 本空需填入副词修饰整个句子，slightly 意为“稍微，略微”，表示“短期内效果可能较微弱”。此处句首首字母需大写。Immediately（立即）和 Rather（相反）均不符合“程度微弱”的语义。 句意： 短期内，均衡饮食可能不会立刻显示出明显效果，但从长远来看，它对你大有裨益。 7. She has many ______, including playing the piano and painting, which make her popular on campus. 答案： talents 解析： 本空需填入名词，意为“天资，天赋”。后文“playing the piano and painting”是具体才能举例，talents 表示“多项才能”。achievements（成就）更强调“已取得的成果”，而非“天生资质”，故 talents 更贴切。 句意： 她有很多天资，包括弹钢琴和画画，这使她在校园里很受欢迎。 8. Every student should be ______ of their school and work hard to make it proud. 答案： proud 解析： 本空需填入形容词作表语，固定搭配 be proud of 表示“为……自豪”。pride 为名词，不能直接用于 be ______ of 结构中，需用其形容词形式 proud。 句意： 每个学生都应该为他们的学校感到自豪，并努力学习让它骄傲。 9. We should ______ against the dangers of eating too much salt, which can cause high blood pressure. 答案： guard 解析： 本空需填入动词原形，情态动词 should 后接动词原形。固定搭配 guard against 表示“防范……”，后接 the dangers。contribute（促成）虽可接 to，但语义相反。 句意： 我们应该防范吃太多盐的危险，这会导致高血压。 10. His hard work finally led to great ______ in math and science. 答案： achievement 解析： 本空需填入名词作介词 to 的宾语，achievement 意为“成就”。前文“hard work”（努力工作）与“great achievement”（巨大成就）构成因果关系。talent（天赋）侧重天生能力，与“努力”的逻辑关联较弱。 句意： 他的努力工作最终在数学和科学方面取得了巨大成就。 二、用关系副词引导的定语从句翻译句子 Beauty Beyond the Surface On many campuses, there is (1) 一种日益增长的学生们过于在意自己的外表的趋势. Some skip meals to slim down, while others even consider plastic surgery. However, this external pressure can lead to negative side effects, both physically and mentally. A healthy diet, (2) 每天摄入新鲜蔬果的饮食, is a better choice. To stay energetic, you should never skip breakfast or take in too much fat. There was (3)曾有一段时间，那时我遵循极端的饮食方式， and often felt faint. I soon realized (4) 为什么这些习惯正在损害我的记忆力和专注力的原因. Then I began to focus on my inner strengths. The music room, (5)在那里我每天花一小时练习, has become my true pride. Hard work leads to real achievements, not just a slim figure. It is also important to guard against the pressure from digital media, (6)在那些媒体上常常展示不切实际的美貌标准. There are (7)有些我为真实的自己感到自豪的时刻, not how I look. Remember: your talents and individuality matter more. Live up to your potential, and you will end up with a bright future. 答案： (1) a growing trend where students care too much about their appearance (2) where fresh fruit and vegetables are eaten daily (3) a time when I followed extreme diets (4) the reason why such habits were harming my memory and concentration (5) where I spend an hour each day (6) where unrealistic beauty standards are often shown (7) moments when I feel proud of who I am 三、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你们班的英国交换生Tom给你来信，提到他最近热衷于体育锻炼，但每次剧烈运动后都习惯立即喝大量冰水来降温解渴。他听说这种做法可能对健康不利，想听听你的看法。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 指出其主要危害（两点）； 2. 给出合理的建议（一条）。 注意： 1. 词数80左右（开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数）； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you love sports. _____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope this advice is useful to you. Yours, Li Hua 范文 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you love sports. However, drinking a lot of ice water right after hard exercise is not a good idea. First, it may cause stomach pain because your body is hot and the sudden cold shock hurts your digestion.  Second, it slows down blood circulation, which makes it harder for your body to cool down naturally. My suggestion is to drink small amounts of warm water or sports drinks at room temperature instead. This helps your body recover faster and keeps you hydrated safely. I hope this advice is useful to you. Yours, Li Hua 解析 一、审题立意（写什么？） 这是一道典型的建议信（Advice Letter），审题时需抓住以下关键信息： 审题要素 具体内容 写作身份 李华（中国中学生） 收信对象 Tom（英国交换生，同龄朋友）→ 语气应亲切、关心，不宜太说教 话题背景 剧烈运动后喝大量冰水（Tom本人正在做的事） 写作目的 指出危害 + 给出建议（帮助Tom改正习惯） 内容要点 ① 危害（两点）；② 建议（一条）——缺一不可，否则扣分 词数限制 80词左右（开头结尾已给，正文约70~85词即可） 时态 以一般现在时为主（陈述事实和普遍规律） 二、要点拓展（怎么写满？） 危害方向 具体展开（用通俗英语表达） 肠胃刺激 Cold water shocks the stomach, causing pain, cramps, or indigestion. 血管收缩 / 散热受阻 The body needs to release heat through sweat, but cold water tightens blood vessels and traps heat inside, making it harder to cool down. 心脏负担 The sudden temperature change puts extra stress on the heart, which is already working hard during exercise. 喉咙/呼吸道不适 Cold water may irritate the throat, especially when breathing heavily after running. 很多学生面对“危害两点、建议一条”会写得太干瘪，三句话就结束了。下面给出可展开的具体内容方向供参考： 要点1：危害（选两点，用First / Second / Besides等过渡） 建议： 选“肠胃”+“散热/循环”这两点最通用、最好写。 要点2：合理建议（一条，但要适当展开细节） 不要把建议只写成一句话，比如"Drink warm water."——这样太单薄，字数不够。 建议方向 具体展开（可分2~3个小层次） 饮水温度 Drink water at room temperature or slightly warm, not icy. 饮水方式 Take small sips (小口喝), not a large amount all at once. 饮水时机 Wait a few minutes after exercise before drinking, or drink during breaks. 替代饮品 Sports drinks with electrolytes are better than plain ice water. 建议写法： 选其中2~3个小点组合成一条建议，比如“小口喝常温水，运动后稍等几分钟再喝”，这样既是一条建议，又有具体细节。 三、语言与结构（怎么写好？） 1. 篇章结构（三段式） 段落 内容 常用句式 开头 表明收到来信 + 切入话题（已给） I’m glad to hear that... / I was worried when I read... 正文 ① 写两点危害（用First, Second衔接）；② 写一条建议（用My suggestion is / I suggest that...） First of all, ... / What‘s worse, ... / To solve this, ... 结尾 表达希望和祝愿（已给） I hope you find this useful. / Take care! 2. 语言要求 过渡词清晰： First, Second, Besides, What’s more, In addition, Finally... 建议句式多样： I suggest (that) you should... My advice is to... It would be better to... Why not try...? 语气温和： 多用委婉表达，少用"You must"或"You‘re wrong"。可用"I’m afraid that..."、"I don't think..."等软化语气。 四、参考范文逐句拆解 Dear Tom, I‘m glad to hear that you love sports. However, drinking a lot of ice water right after hard exercise is not a good idea.（承接背景，直接切入话题——用However引出问题，表明立场。） First, it may cause stomach pain because your body is hot and the sudden cold shock hurts your digestion.  Second, it slows down blood circulation, which makes it harder for your body to cool down naturally.（要点1+要点2，用了First/Second清晰区分，两点危害各用一句话讲清因果逻辑，简洁到位。） My suggestion is to drink small amounts of warm water or sports drinks at room temperature instead. This helps your body recover faster and keeps you hydrated safely.（要点3，一条建议包含“温度+量+替代品”三个细节，并补充了这样做的好处，充实不啰嗦。） I hope this advice is useful to you. （已给结尾，礼貌收束。） Yours, Li Hua 字数统计： 80词，符合要求。 五、常见学生误区： 危害只写一句概括（如"it's bad"），缺乏具体细节——要提醒学生把“为什么坏”写出来。 建议写了两条（超量）——虽然不扣大分，但可能占用篇幅导致危害展开不足，建议严格按题目要求来。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good 外刊拓展提升（多题型专练） 识·单元要点概览 读·外刊拓展阅读 Why breakfast is so important （改编自https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/breakfast#ideas-for-healthy-breakfast-foods） When you wake up from your overnight sleep, you may not have eaten for up to 12 hours. Breakfast refills the stores of energy and nutrients in your body. The body’s energy source is glucose. Glucose is broken down and absorbed from the carbohydrates you eat. The body stores most of its energy as fat. But your body also stores some glucose as glycogen, most of it in your liver, with smaller amounts in your muscles. During times of fasting (not eating), such as overnight, the liver breaks down glycogen and releases it into your bloodstream as glucose to keep your blood sugar levels stable. This is especially important for your brain, which depends almost completely on glucose for energy. In the morning, after you have gone without food for as long as 12 hours, your glycogen stores are low. Once all of the energy from your glycogen stores is used up, your body starts to break down fatty acids to produce the energy it needs. But without carbohydrate, fatty acids are only partially oxidised, which can reduce your energy levels. Eating breakfast boosts your energy levels and restores your glycogen levels ready to keep your metabolism up for the day. Skipping breakfast may seem like a good way to reduce overall energy intake. But research shows that even with a higher intake of energy, breakfast eaters tend to be more physically active in the morning than those who don’t eat until later in the day. 【全文翻译】 为什么早餐如此重要 经过一夜睡眠醒来后，你可能长达12个小时没有进食。早餐可以补充你体内储存的能量和营养。 人体能量的主要来源是葡萄糖。葡萄糖由你摄入的碳水化合物分解并吸收。人体大部分能量以脂肪的形式储存。但人体也会将部分葡萄糖以糖原的形式储存，大部分储存在肝脏中，少量储存在肌肉中。 在禁食期间（例如夜间），肝脏会分解糖原并将其以葡萄糖的形式释放到血液中，以维持血糖水平的稳定。这对大脑尤为重要，因为大脑几乎完全依赖葡萄糖供能。 早上，在长达12小时的禁食后，你的糖原储备会很低。一旦糖原储备中的能量耗尽，身体就会开始分解脂肪酸来产生所需的能量。但如果没有碳水化合物，脂肪酸只能部分氧化，这会降低你的能量水平。 吃早餐可以提升你的能量水平，并补充糖原，为一天的代谢做好准备。 不吃早餐似乎是减少总能量摄入的好方法。但研究表明，即使能量摄入量更高，吃早餐的人早上也往往比那些一天中较晚才进食的人更活跃。 【核心词汇】 ① glucose n. 葡萄糖 ② carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物 ③ glycogen n. 糖原 ④ liver n. 肝脏 ⑤ fasting n. 禁食；节食 ⑥ bloodstream n. 血流 ⑦ stable adj. 稳定的 ⑧ fatty acid n. 脂肪酸（词组） ⑨ oxidised adj. 氧化的 ⑩ boost v. 促进；提高 ⑪ restore v. 恢复 ⑫ metabolism n. 新陈代谢 ⑬ intake n. 摄入量 ⑭ overall adj. 整体的；总的 【长难句分析】 1. But research shows that even with a higher intake of energy, breakfast eaters tend to be more physically active in the morning than those who don’t eat until later in the day. 句子长度：共32个单词 结构特点：主句（research shows）+ that引导的宾语从句；宾语从句中，介词短语“even with a higher intake of energy”作让步状语，主干为“breakfast eaters tend to be more physically active”，后接比较状语“than those + who引导的定语从句”。 难点1：even with + 名词短语 — 表示“即使有……”，这里的“with”不是“和……一起”，而是让步含义，初中生容易误解为伴随状语。 难点2：tend to be — 表示“倾向于/往往是”，不是简单的“是”，需要理解这种“倾向性”表达。 难点3：more physically active — 比较级中“physically”修饰“active”，意为“在身体活动方面更积极”，初中生可能不熟悉副词修饰形容词的用法。 难点4：than those who... — “those”指代“breakfast eaters”一类的人，定语从句“who don’t eat until later”修饰“those”，需要识别出比较对象和从句的修饰关系。 涉及超标单词：intake（摄入量），physically（身体上地），tend（倾向于） 改写建议（句意基本不变）：But research shows that breakfast eaters are usually more active in the morning than people who eat later, even if they consume more calories. 2. Once all of the energy from your glycogen stores is used up, your body starts to break down fatty acids to produce the energy it needs. 句子长度：共26个单词 结构特点：Once引导的时间状语从句（含介词短语“from your glycogen stores”修饰“energy”），主句为“your body starts to break down fatty acids”，后接不定式“to produce the energy”表示目的，末尾“it needs”是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰“the energy”。 难点1：Once 作连词，意为“一旦”，表示条件或时间，初中生更熟悉其作副词“曾经”的用法，此处容易混淆。 难点2：used up — 是动词短语“用完、耗尽”，不是单独的“used”加“up”，需要整体理解。 难点3：break down — 意为“分解”，也是短语动词，初中生可能只熟悉“break”的本义“打破”。 难点4：the energy it needs — 定语从句省略了关系代词that，初中生需要识别出“it needs”是修饰前面“the energy”的限定性定语，且“it”指代“your body”。 涉及超标单词：glycogen（糖原），stores（此处作名词“储存量”），fatty acids（脂肪酸，专业术语） 改写建议（句意基本不变）：When all the energy stored in your glycogen is used up, your body starts to break down fatty acids to make the energy that it needs. 练·能力培优拔高 培优提升篇 Passage 1 (原创) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Diet for rapid weight loss Very Low-Calorie Diet (VLCD) A VLCD is only recommended for adults who have obesity and need to lose weight for health reasons. On a VLCD, you may have as few as 800 calories a day and may lose up to 3 to 5 lb (1.5 to 2 kg) a week. Most VLCDs use meal replacements, such as powders, soups, shakes, and bars instead of regular meals. This helps ensure that you get all of the nutrients you need each day. Low-Calorie Diet (LCD) These diets usually allow about 1,200 to 1,500 calories a day for women and 1,500 to 1,800 calories a day for men. An LCD is a better choice than a VLCD for most people who want to lose weight quickly. But you should still be monitored by your provider. You will not lose weight as fast with an LCD, but the total weight loss over time can match that of a VLCD. Intermittent Fasting (间歇性禁食) Fasting is an ancient form of caloric restriction. It has become more popular recently. There are many different fasting regimens and it is unclear which may be the best. One of the most popular is the 5:2 system. This involves 2 days a week of fasting or VLCD and 5 days a week of eating your normal diet. Diets that incorporate fasting can cause rapid weight loss. The Role of Exercise Rapid weight loss is more about cutting calories than exercising. Talk with your provider about what type of exercise you should do while you are on this type of diet. Your provider may suggest waiting until you are on a more long-term diet to start exercising. 1. How many calories on VLCD? A. 800 calories. B. 1200 calories. C. 1500 calories. D. 600 calories. 2. What is true about LCD? A. Faster loss. B. Same total. C. No monitor. D. Safer choice. 3. What may the provider suggest about exercise? A. It is key. B. Start now. C. Delay it. D. Not needed. Passage 2 (原创) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 It is important that you eat the right amount of food. Too little and you don’t have enough energy and don’t grow. Too much and you could become unhealthy. The type of food that you eat is also important. You should eat at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day. A portion is around a handful. Potatoes do not count in this total as they are carbohydrates. You should also eat plenty of carbohydrates as they give you energy. It is best to choose brown or wholegrain versions such as granary rolls and brown pasta and rice as these have more fibre. Dairy products such as milk, cheese and butter are important because they give you calcium which helps you to grow strong bones. Although you don’t need an enormous amount of protein it is important to eat protein every day. You find protein in fish, beans, lentils, tofu and meat. Your body does not need any sweets or chocolate but you can still eat them. Just make sure that they are an occasional treat. The food pyramid is useful because it shows you how much of each food group you need to have a balanced diet. Do you eat a balanced diet? 4. What is a result of too little food? A. Strong bones. B. Less fibre. C. No energy. D. More calcium. 5. Which is a carbohydrate? A. Potato. B. Fruit. C. Milk. D. Meat. 6. What does the pyramid mainly show? A. Food groups. B. Balanced amounts. C. Healthy bones. D. Enough energy. Passage 3 (原创) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Long-term weight management is about a balance of many factors. One of the biggest challenges faced by people who have lost weight is keeping it off. Successful long-term weight management requires an understanding of how to balance food intake and physical activity, but it's also about more than that. The key is finding a sustainable lifestyle that you enjoy. To begin with, it's crucial to understand that maintaining your weight does not mean reverting to your old eating habits once you've hit your weight loss goal. The diet that helped you lose weight should be the foundation of your eating habits moving forward. Of course, you can afford some occasional indulgences, but these should be the exception rather than the rule. Physical activity is another crucial component of long-term weight management. Regular exercise helps burn off calories, but it also improves your physical health in countless other ways, making you feel better overall and boosting your motivation to maintain a healthy lifestyle. One often overlooked aspect of keeping lost weight off is the role of social support. Having supportive people around your family, friends, or support groups can make a huge difference. They can provide encouragement during tough times and celebrate with you when you achieve your milestones. Maintaining your weight also requires regular monitoring. This doesn't necessarily mean weighing yourself every day. Becoming obsessed about your weight is not a healthy habit to develop, but keeping an eye on your weight trends can help identify any small weight gains early so they can be addressed before they turn into larger problems. You don't want to find yourself back where you started with a large amount of weight that needs to be lost. Another important factor in weight maintenance is mental health. Stress and depression can often lead to overeating and reduced physical activity. Learning how to manage stress and seeking help for depression can be crucial components of keeping off the weight you've lost. In conclusion, successful long-term weight management is about balance. It requires a combination of healthy eating, regular physical activity, social support, regular monitoring, and good mental health. It's a lifestyle change, but it's one that comes with many rewards. 7. What is important to understand when trying to maintain lost weight? A. You can now eat bad foods more often. B. Not going back to how you used to eat. C. It's okay to stop exercising once you've reached your weight goal. D. Your diet should completely change after losing weight. 8. Why is physical activity crucial for long-term weight management? A. Exercise is only needed until you lose weight. B. Physical activity is not as important as diet. C. Exercise can be replaced by diet pills. D. There are many benefits to your overall health. 9. What role does social support play in maintaining weight? A. You should stay away from others to focus on your weight goals. B. Social support has limited impact on weight management. C. You need to join a support group to help with weight management. D. People close to you can provide inspiration and support. 10. What is the importance of monitoring in weight maintenance? A. You should weigh yourself every day. B. Monitoring weight is not as important as diet and exercise. C. Problems can be seen early. D. You should only weigh yourself once a year. Passage 4 （25-26高一上·深圳高级中学·期末）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Many people think that, because freezing and then unfreezing food will break down vitamins (维生素), frozen vegetables and fruits must be less nutritious than fresh ones. When fruits and vegetables are picked from plants, they still do things like "breathing", and over time, their vitamins start to break down. That is just how nature works. Before fruits and vegetables get to supermarkets or local markets, they have to be carried, stored, and then finally brought to people's homes. This whole trip often takes a long time, and during this period, their vitamins slowly disappear. But for frozen fruits and vegetables, right after they're picked, they will be quickly frozen at -18°C. At this temperature the "breathing" almost stops, and tiny living things can't grow. Freezing helps keep vitamins in fruits and vegetables safe - it doesn't hurt them, and it might even help. Experts from the U.S. Department of Agriculture looked at common things in fruits and vegetables, such as vitamin C, B vitamins, polyphenols (多酚), and carotenoids (类胡萝卜素). They checked products sold in markets and found that while frozen and fresh vegetables might have small differences in some things, overall, they're not that different. In fact, sometimes frozen fruits and vegetables keep more of these vitamins than fresh ones do. Scientists from Sheffield Hallam University in the UK studied 37 kinds of food and found that both frozen green beans and fresh green beans have high levels of beta-carotene after being cooked. For these reasons, international health groups say that both frozen fruits and vegetables and fresh ones are acceptable. The old idea that "frozen fruits and vegetables are low quality" is no longer true. 11. What can we infer about people's attitudes toward frozen food in the past? A. They thought it was not as good as fresh food B. They didn't know how to store fresh vegetables C. They believed it had more vitamins than fresh food D. They preferred frozen food because it was cheaper 12. What do we know about picked fruits and vegetables? A. They begin to protect peels B. They stop breathing quickly C. Temperatures affect their vitamins D. Sellers care about their appearance 13. What do experts and scientists find about frozen produce? A. They lose vitamins once cooked B. They may maintain more nutrients C. They have more types of vitamins D. They are delicious for a short time 14. What is the suitable title for the text? A. Frozen vs Fresh: Similar Quality? B. Frozen Food: Less Safe Than Fresh? C. Storing Vegetables: Tips for Freezing D. Markets: Selling More Frozen Foods Passage 5 （原创） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A healthy diet is essential for good health and nutrition. 1___ They are important sources of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre, plant protein and antioxidants. People with diets rich in vegetables and fruit have a significantly lower risk of obesity, heart disease, stroke, diabetes and certain types of cancer. Eat less fat Fats and oils are concentrated sources of energy. Eating too much fat, particularly the wrong kinds of fat, like saturated and industrially-produced trans-fat, can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. Using unsaturated vegetable oils (olive, soy, sunflower or corn oil) rather than animal fats or oils high in saturated fats (butter, ghee, lard, coconut and palm oil) will help consume healthier fats. 2 To avoid unhealthy weight gain, you should keep your total fat intake below 30% of your overall energy. Limit intake of sugars For a healthy diet, sugars should represent less than 10% of your total energy intake. Reducing even further to under 5% has additional health benefits. Choosing fresh fruits instead of sweet snacks such as cookies, cakes and chocolate helps reduce consumption of sugars. 3 Limiting intake of soft drinks, soda and other drinks high in sugars (fruit juices, cordials and syrups, flavoured milks and yogurt drinks) also helps reduce intake of sugars. 4___ Keeping your salt intake to less than 5g per day helps prevent hypertension and reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke in the adult population. Limiting the amount of salt and other high-sodium condiments, such as soy sauce and fish sauce, when cooking and preparing foods helps reduce salt intake. 5 Following these guidelines can help you build a healthier lifestyle and lower your risk of many chronic diseases. A. Eat plenty of vegetables and fruit. B. Reduce salt intake to protect your health. C. The same principle applies to sugary drinks. D. These simple changes can make a big difference. E. This advice is especially important for older adults. F. This means you should choose whole grains instead. G. These healthy fats can replace the harmful ones in your diet. Passage 6 （25-26高一上·湖北武汉中学·1月月考）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The use of technology in sports is supposed to be able to provide accurate and instant feedback, with better decision-making and fewer errors than human intervention. 6 __ The annual tennis tournament, Wimbledon, made the decision this year to replace their line judges. They were switched out for AI that analyses camera footage, which should be faster and more accurate. Nevertheless, the electronic line calling system failed just a week into the 2025 championship. 7 This meant a point had to be replayed, which resulted in Sonay Kartal controversially winning the game. If technology needs humans to operate it in the first place, whose fault is it in situations like these where things go wrong? In football, VAR (video assistant referee) is also regularly used these days. A referee can ask for a VAR check, which means that if they are unsure of a decision, they can double-check their own judgement. However, last football season, VAR made oversights which angered a lot of managers, players and fans. 8 Despite this, before VAR, 82% of the decisions made were considered correct; now that figure is 96%. 9 Professor Gina Neff from Cambridge University says that we have a very strong, in-built sense of fairness. “The machine makes decisions based on the set of rules it’s been programmed to apply,” she said. “Right now, in many areas where AI is touching our lives, we feel like humans understand the context much better than the machine.” 10_ _ A. But is that always the case? B. Patience is needed as the system matures. C. They said the system was not fit for purpose. D. Then who should carry the blame when mistakes happen? E. The ball-tracking technology was turned off by a person accidentally. F. So, why do we still not trust technology if it often improves a situation? G. Whether you trust it or not, technology is here to stay, including in sports. Passage 7 （25-26高一上·长沙雅礼中学中学·期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Levi Millers life changed during an ordinary dinner with his family. That evening, director Joe Wright called to 1 the 11 year old the starring role in Wright’s upcoming movie Pan. The phone call led Levi to leave his home in Australia to 2 in London, England. His mother 3 her job to accompany him. Levi began 4 when he was 2 or 3. He joined in some of his older sister’s dance shows. He wanted to share the 5 she was getting. When he was 5 or 6, he won a drama competition as Peter Pan. This was 6 wonderful for him. But Levi still had a lot to learn on the set of his first movie. First, he had to change his 7 to sound like he was from London. He learned about life in London during World War II, which was when the movie 8 . He also needed to figure out how to cry on cue (提示). His 9 was to think about his dog, who had died not long before. At first, Levi felt very awkward around the 10 actors he worked with. For example, it took him several weeks to feel 11 calling Hugh Jackman “Hugh”, who is widely known for his iconic portrayal of Wolverine in the “X-Men” film series. Before that, he would only 12 him as “Mr. Jackman.” Since that 13 experience, Levi has continued acting on 14 . His next movie was a smaller Australian production called Red Dog. And this year he has a starring role in the movie A Wrinkle in Time. Levi loves the 15 that acting provides. He says, “Every time I go on a set, it’s a whole different world, and I love that.” 1. A. assist B. tell C. offer D. prevent 2. A. explore B. wander C. struggle D. film 3. A. handled B. quit C. refused D. continued 4. A. walking B. dancing C. traveling D. performing 5. A. applause B. burden C. memory D. profits 6. A. barely B. definitely C. typically D. eventually 7. A. skin B. direction C. accent D. will 8. A. kept up B. took place C. made up D. showed off 9. A. role B. advice C. trick D. treat 10. A. energetic B. famous C. proud D. creative 11. A. concerned B. confident C. content D. comfortable 12. A. address B. regard C. connect D. believe 13. A. personal B. bad C. precious D. limited 14. A. screen B. stage C. time D. purpose 15. A. response B. techniques C. advantages D. possibilities Passage 8 （25-26高一上·江西乐平一中·期中）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My first day at senior high school was unforgettable. I woke up early, feeling both excited and 1 . I put on my new 2 and looked at myself in the mirror. “This is a new 3 ,” I said to myself. On the way to school, my mind was full of questions. Would the teachers be strict? Would I 4 any friends? When I arrived, I saw hundreds of new faces. I felt a little 5 in the crowd. I found my classroom and chose a seat at the back. Soon, a boy with a bright smile came and sat next to me. “Hi, I’m Mark. Nice to meet you,” he said 6 . We shook hands. His 7 made me feel more comfortable. Our first lesson was math. The teacher, Mr. Smith, seemed very kind. He didn’t start with the textbook immediately. 8 , he told us a funny story about his own first day at high school. The whole class laughed, and the 9 atmosphere (气氛) disappeared. During the 10 , Mark introduced me to some of his friends from junior high. We talked about our 11 for the new term. I was glad to find that we all wanted to join the school basketball team. We decided to go to the try-outs (选拔赛) together next week. Looking back, I understand that the first day is 12 for everyone. It’s normal to feel 13 . But if you are 14 and open to new things, you will soon find your place. A positive 15 is the key to a good start. 1. A. bored B. nervous C. relaxed D. sleepy 2. A. shirt B. uniform C. jacket D. glasses 3. A. end B. start C. plan D. method 4. A. lose B. miss C. make D. keep 5. A. lonely B. happy C. proud D. angry 6. A. angrily B. sadly C. friendly D. coldly 7. A. friendliness B. speech C. question D. appearance 8. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Besides 9. A. tense B. happy C. warm D. quiet 10. A. lesson B. break C. night D. weekend 11. A. plans B. problems C. fears D. homework 12. A. long B. easy C. short D. challenging 13. A. anxious B. confident C. sleepy D. sick 14. A. patient B. serious C. brave D. quiet 15. A. attitude B. grade C. uniform D. teacher Passage 9 （25-26高一上·江西上饶市·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Lang Ping, a world-famous Chinese sporting icon, has left an 1 (forget) influence on volleyball. Nicknamed “The Iron Hammer” for her amazingly fierce spiking (球风凌厉), she won 2 gold medal at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics with China’s women’s team. After retiring 3 a player, Lang took up coaching and led teams in different countries. It was her second time as China’s coach 4 strengthened her position in sports history. In 2016, she guided China to Olympic gold in Rio, becoming the first athlete ever 5 (win) the title as both player and coach. Lang once said 6 (grateful) that she owed her 7 (achieve) to many people, including the coaches and guides who shaped her from her earliest days in the sport. Her story is not just about personal glory; it also inspires female coaches, 8 are still underrepresented (代表性不足的) in high-level sports. 9 (face) the low percentage of qualified female coaches in the Olympic Committee, the IOC has launched initiatives to support women coaches. So far, over 100 coaches from 50 countries 10 (benefit) from these programs. Lang’s success proves that with steady devotion, anyone can achieve great things. She has become a respected role model for young people around the world. There is no doubt that her influence will be felt for many years to come. Passage 10 （25-26高一上·浙江温州中学·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 You know how disappointed it can be if you are not able to communicate with the 1 (native) when you’re traveling, and you might think learning a new language is a tough task. But fear not! We figured out 2 (exact) how many words you need to learn to speak a language well. A group of linguists (语言学家) have created a test 3 (see) how many words you know in English. There are 200,000+ words in the English language, but the test only 4 (include) 50 of them. You may not understand all of the 50 words. The linguists believe that if you multiply (乘) 5 number of words out of 50 that you understand by 500, you’ll almost know your English vocabulary. A professor has found that native speakers of a language know 15,000 to 20,000 lemmas (词目). A lemma 6 (make) up of a root word (say: walk) and all of 7 (it) inflections (屈折形式) (walked, walking, walker, etc.). But if you learn a new language, you can never understand 15,000 lemmas. He discourages people from learning all of the words in a language. There are 800 to 1,000 lemmas 8 are used most frequently in the language. He advises people to focus 9 these lemmas. With these lemmas, people can understand 75% of the language. And they will be 10 (confidence) enough to start a conversation, order at a restaurant, and deal with other daily communication. 迁移应用篇 一、根据提示完成句子 1. To stay healthy, you should never ______ meals, especially breakfast. 2. The little girl was so ______ of the dark that she always slept with a light on. 3. It is important for students to pay full ______ to their teachers in class. 4. Some weight-loss pills may help you get into shape, but they also have harmful ______ on your health. 5. Eating too much sugar can ______ to health problems such as obesity and diabetes. 6. ______, eating a balanced diet may not show immediate results, but in the long run it benefits you greatly. 7. She has many ______, including playing the piano and painting, which make her popular on campus. 8. Every student should be ______ of their school and work hard to make it proud. 9. We should ______ against the dangers of eating too much salt, which can cause high blood pressure. 10. His hard work finally led to great ______ in math and science. 二、用关系副词引导的定语从句翻译句子 Beauty Beyond the Surface On many campuses, there is (1) 一种日益增长的学生们过于在意自己的外表的趋势. Some skip meals to slim down, while others even consider plastic surgery. However, this external pressure can lead to negative side effects, both physically and mentally. A healthy diet, (2) 每天摄入新鲜蔬果的饮食, is a better choice. To stay energetic, you should never skip breakfast or take in too much fat. There was (3)曾有一段时间，那时我遵循极端的饮食方式， and often felt faint. I soon realized (4) 为什么这些习惯正在损害我的记忆力和专注力的原因. Then I began to focus on my inner strengths. The music room, (5)在那里我每天花一小时练习, has become my true pride. Hard work leads to real achievements, not just a slim figure. It is also important to guard against the pressure from digital media, (6)在那些媒体上常常展示不切实际的美貌标准. There are (7)有些我为真实的自己感到自豪的时刻, not how I look. Remember: your talents and individuality matter more. Live up to your potential, and you will end up with a bright future. (1) _________________________________________________________________________________________ (2) _________________________________________________________________________________________ (3) _________________________________________________________________________________________ (4) _________________________________________________________________________________________ (5) _________________________________________________________________________________________ (6) _________________________________________________________________________________________ (7) _________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、应用文写作 假定你是李华，你们班的英国交换生Tom给你来信，提到他最近热衷于体育锻炼，但每次剧烈运动后都习惯立即喝大量冰水来降温解渴。他听说这种做法可能对健康不利，想听听你的看法。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 指出其主要危害（两点）； 2. 给出合理的建议（一条）。 注意： 1. 词数80左右（开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数）； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you love sports. _____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I hope this advice is useful to you. Yours, Li Hua 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $