Units 3-4（语篇综合练）英语译林版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦“人与社会”主题的语篇综合训练，整合完形填空与多体裁阅读理解，系统提升语言理解与跨文化思维能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完形填空|1篇（扬州中期末）|考查语境词汇辨析与情感推理|以助人故事承载价值观，衔接词汇运用与语篇理解| |阅读A|1篇（浙江S9联盟期中）|记叙文细节理解与主旨归纳|通过家庭情感叙事，强化文本深层含义解读能力| |阅读B|1篇（济南一中期中）|说明文文化现象分析|从食物词汇与行为切入，构建文化认知与逻辑分析链| |阅读C|1篇（湖南师大附中期中）|议论文观点态度判断|以流言应对为载体，培养批判性思维与价值判断| |七选五|1篇|语篇结构与逻辑衔接|围绕有机食品主题，训练信息补全与篇章连贯能力|

专题02 Units 3-4（语篇综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 完形填空 人与社会：文章主要讲述吉姆看到困境中的年轻人后，决定提前退休，将工作机会让给他，最终收获满满成就感的故事。 阅读A 人与社会：这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者年少时无法适应环境变化，感到愤怒和固执，但妈妈通过“独处时阅读”的信件向他表达了始终如一的爱，这让作者感受到安慰和鼓舞。 阅读B 人与社会：食物是文化的基础，食物的词汇是一个了解其价值观和优先级的窗口，食物是文化的重要组成部分。 阅读C 人与社会：本文讲述了流言蜚语是不可避免的，但是我们要积极和正确地对待它们。 阅读七选五 人与社会：这篇说明文介绍了关于有机食品的一些相关信息。 一、完形填空 （25-26高一上·扬州中·期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My neighbor Jim worked on a construction field. He had difficulty deciding if he wanted to retire (退休)until he ran into a younger man he’d worked with 1 . The man had a wife and three children, and was finding it 2 to support his family, as he hadn’t worked in some time. The situation moved Jim deeply. Here was a family 3 to survive while he was debating whether to continue working though he had enough savings for a 4 retirement. The next morning, Jim went to the union office and 5 his retirement paperwork. As for his replacement, he gave them the 6 of the struggling young man. Jim knew this job could change the family’s life. That young husband and father has been working ever since — six years now. Recently, Jim ran into him at the grocery store. The man’s face 7 when he saw Jim. “You saved my family,” he said, his voice 8 with emotion. “That job gave us 9 and hope when we had none.” Jim felt tears in his eyes. He hadn’t expected that his 10 to retire early would make such a far-reaching influence. “You would have done the same,” Jim 11 modestly. But the young man 12 his head. “Not everyone would. You gave up your income to help a stranger. That’s real 13 .” As Jim walked away, he 14 this was the best retirement gift he could have given himself — the 15 of knowing he’d changed a family’s future. 1. A. regularly B. previously C. definitely D. frequently 2. A. amazing B. alarming C. challenging D. tiring 3. A. aiming B. struggling C. tending D. seeking 4. A. comfortable B. potential C. routine D. energetic 5. A. awarded B. provided C. updated D. presented 6. A. address B. identity C. name D. account 7. A. lit up B. shot up C. cheered up D. turned up 8. A. filled B. covered C. equipped D. concerned 9. A. convenience B. security C. flexibility D. responsibility 10. A. desire B. failure C. judgment D. decision 11. A. explained B. admitted C. described D. replied 12. A. hung B. turned C. shook D. lifted 13. A. generosity B. performance C. quality D. respect 14. A. proved B. realized C. stressed D. announced 15. A. reflection B. confidence C. satisfaction D. expectation 二、阅读理解 A （25-26高一上·浙江S9联盟·期中）I was thirteen years old. My family had moved to Southern California from North Florida a year before. Angry and stubborn, I could not adapt to this sudden change. Like so many teenagers, I struggled to escape from anything that did not agree with my picture of the world. A “good without need of guidance” kid, I rejected any kind of offering of love. One night, after a particularly difficult day, I stormed into my room, shut the door and got into bed. As I lay down in the privacy of my bed, my hands slipped under my pillow. There was an envelope. I pulled it out and on the envelope, it read, “To read when you’re alone.” Since I was alone, no one would know whether I read it or not, so I opened it. It said “Mike, I know life is hard right now, I know you are upset and I know we don’t do everything right. I also know that I love you completely and nothing you do or say will ever change that. I am here for you and I love you — that will never change. Love, Mom.” That was the first of several “To read when you’re alone” letters. Nowadays, I travel the world helping people. I was in Sarasota, Florida, teaching a seminar (研讨课) when, at the end of the day, a woman came up to me and shared the difficulty she was having with her son. We walked out to the beach, and I told her of my mom’s undying love and about the “To read when you’re alone” letters. Several weeks later, I got a card that said she had written her first letter and left it for her son. That night as I went to bed, I put my hands under my pillow and remembered the relief I felt every time I got a letter. In the midst of my teen years, the letters were reminders of calm that I was loved in spite of my shortcomings. Today, when the seas of life get stormy, I know that what under my pillow is assurance of love — consistent (始终如一的) and unconditional love changes my life. 1. The author was angry and stubborn mainly because ________. A. he didn’t like his new school B. he didn’t get along well with his parents C. he wanted to escape from his parents’ control D. he struggled to fit in with his new environment 2. What do we know about the letter found under the pillow? A. It was written by the author’s friend. B. It showed mom’s love and understanding. C. It focused on the author’s school life. D. It advised the author to move back to Florida. 3. What inspired the lady in Sarasota to write a letter to her son? A. Her own difficult experience. B. Her son’s poor performance at school. C. The author’s rich teaching experience. D. The author’s sharing of his mother’s action. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Teenage Trouble: Growing Pains B. Mom’s Love Letters: My Secret Comfort C. Helping Others: A Journey of Kindness D. Parental Guidance: My Inner Strength Source B （25-26高一上·济南一中·期中） Since ancient times, food has been a base for cultures worldwide. It is important for our survival, which is why attention on food is a universal rule that connects us all. To feed our hungry brains, our ancestors invented fire and cooking, which passed digestion to culture. In fact, a culture’s food vocabulary is a window into its values and priorities. The cultural psychologist Paul Rozin has found that when French and American research participants are asked what comes to mind when thinking of fried eggs, the French say “breakfast” while Americans say “cholesterol (胆固醇) ”. The French think of the cooking experience; Americans think of what is entering the bloodstream. Sometimes, slurping (出声地吃) noodles is seen as the preferred way to interact with the delicious dish. There is a great scene in Juzo Itami’s film, Tampopo (1985) where a group of women in a hotel are being taught table manners and told to eat their Italian pasta noodles slowly and quietly. Another diner sitting nearby happily is slurping his noodles and the joy he gets from audibly (声音地) and physically interacting with his food is infectious. Before they know it, even the teacher is also slurping her noodles. Besides, specific dishes never represent an unchanging tradition. “My grandma’s Egg Foo Young looks and tastes completely different from what you might find in a restaurant or in somebody else’s home. After asking about her version, I realized that she learned how to make it by picking up different cooking styles as she traveled from Jiangxi, Macao, and Hong Kong,” said Shirley Ting, a Canadian researcher. If we treat culture as a defined thing, then we can see food as an important part of culture — food practices and traditions help communicate cultural values, reproduce those values over time and across generations, and help improve a group’s sense of having a distinct identity, different from other groups. 5. What may we learn from Paul Rozin’s research on food? A. Food vocabulary increases with cultural exchanges. B. People have the same food-related health concerns. C. Different cultures prioritize different aspects of food. D. Americans and the French have similar cooking methods. 6. Why does the author mention the scene in Tampopo? A. To highlight different food preferences. B. To stress the appeal of pleasurable dining. C. To criticize rude manners in public places. D. To compare dining habits in films and daily life. 7. Which function of food is referred to in the last paragraph? A. Passing down traditional cooking techniques. B. Encouraging cultural appreciation globally. C. Presenting cultural gaps and differences. D. Strengthening cultural values and uniqueness. 8. What does the text mainly talk about? A. Diet can impact health. B. Food is a bridge to culture. C. Noodles can be a cultural symbol. D. Global views are different about food trends. C （25-26高一上·湖南师大附中·期中）I can well remember the pain. My stomach was sick, my heart hurt, and my eyes painful from holding back tears. “ You know, Annie,” my friend John said,“ Joanna and Andrea were just talking about you.” I immediately got nervous.“ They said that the only reason you start on the basketball team is because the coach likes you. It's not because you' re good.” I thought I might be sick.“ They said they' re tired of you always getting what you want.” I struggled to keep myself from crying, sinking to my knees on the cold floor. After John told me everything my supposed best friends said about me, I was hurt. Joanna and Andrea came in from lunch break acting as if nothing had happened. Joanna was still my deskmate, and Andrea was still my partner for our history project. I was amazed at their ability to pretend we had perfect friendship, especially since they'd said such hurtful things. I was a freshman in high school, and I felt like I didn't have a friend in the world, all because of Gossip—— informal talk or stories about other people's private lives, perhaps unkind or not true. The tongue can be our worst enemy. Gossip harms confidence and separates close friends. It's like a sharp knife, cutting one's self-respect into pieces. When we say unkind things about others, we' re sticking knives into their hearts. So how was I to act next? When Joanna and Andrea pretended our friendship hadn't changed, I thought of attacking them back. But instead, I told them directly that they had hurt me. Joanna started crying and Andrea was speechless. I knew they were both sorry for what they had said. They apologized, and I forgave them. Sure, things were a little uncomfortable at first, but soon enough everything was back to the way it had been before. I still deal with gossip, sometimes as a receiver and sometimes as a sharer. But the more I learn about love, the more I realize the importance of encouraging others— something gossip never does. 9. What can we conclude from the second paragraph? A. Joanna and Andrea were grateful that the writer was their friend. B. Joanna and Andrea made fun of the writer's basketball performances. C. Joanna and Andrea were unhappy about the writer being on the team. D. Joanna and Andrea did not think the writer was the coach's favourite. 10. How did the writer respond to her friends' comments about her? A. She decided to fight back immediately. B. She told them frankly how she felt. C. She found it awkward to speak to them. D. She pretended that nothing had happened. 11. What is the writer's reaction to gossip? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Unconcerned. D. Unclear. 12. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Gossip is definitely a sticking knife into people's hearts. B. We have to be patient when people gossip about our friends. C. We can't escape the world with gossip, but love offers a guiding hand. D. We should be careful around our friends since they may cheat us sometimes. 三、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you asked 10 different people their understandings of success, you would probably get 10 different answers. 1 Some consider spiritual and emotional achievement as success. Others view it as having wealth, achieving happiness, or positively impacting others. While the definition of success is subjective, these practical success tips can help you achieve your goals. Create your picture of success. 2 Charting success on your own terms requires self-awareness and strategic planning. Once you know what success means to you, you can focus your time and energy on making it a reality. 3 Another key to success in life is learning how to set goals and reach them. Using specific criteria to set SMART goals can help you hold yourself accountable. SMART stands for specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. To achieve these goals, we need to take action. By taking small actions, you build healthy habits that make your long-term goals more achievable. Develop self-discipline. Self-discipline is the ability to continue moving toward your goals, even when you might not feel like it. It helps you set and achieve long-term goals without getting distracted along the way. One example of self-discipline might be waking up early every morning to go to the gym, even when you feel tired. 4 Learn to adapt to change. Adaptability is key to achieving success in life and at work. 5 With generative AI and other technologies reshaping the world, employers increasingly look for people who can cope with different working conditions. In a world where change is the only constant, adaptability can be your best friend. A. Always believe in yourself. B. Learn to set and achieve goals. C. Think about what you see as success. D. That’s because everyone describes success differently. E. Success is not a destination but a continuous journey of growth. F. Another is saving money for a house by reducing daily spending. G. It allows you to accept change even in the face of unexpected events. 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 Units 3-4（语篇综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 完形填空 人与社会：文章主要讲述吉姆看到困境中的年轻人后，决定提前退休，将工作机会让给他，最终收获满满成就感的故事。 阅读A 人与社会：这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者年少时无法适应环境变化，感到愤怒和固执，但妈妈通过“独处时阅读”的信件向他表达了始终如一的爱，这让作者感受到安慰和鼓舞。 阅读B 人与社会：食物是文化的基础，食物的词汇是一个了解其价值观和优先级的窗口，食物是文化的重要组成部分。 阅读C 人与社会：本文讲述了流言蜚语是不可避免的，但是我们要积极和正确地对待它们。 阅读七选五 人与社会：这篇说明文介绍了关于有机食品的一些相关信息。 一、完形填空 （25-26高一上·扬州中·期末）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 My neighbor Jim worked on a construction field. He had difficulty deciding if he wanted to retire (退休)until he ran into a younger man he’d worked with 1 . The man had a wife and three children, and was finding it 2 to support his family, as he hadn’t worked in some time. The situation moved Jim deeply. Here was a family 3 to survive while he was debating whether to continue working though he had enough savings for a 4 retirement. The next morning, Jim went to the union office and 5 his retirement paperwork. As for his replacement, he gave them the 6 of the struggling young man. Jim knew this job could change the family’s life. That young husband and father has been working ever since — six years now. Recently, Jim ran into him at the grocery store. The man’s face 7 when he saw Jim. “You saved my family,” he said, his voice 8 with emotion. “That job gave us 9 and hope when we had none.” Jim felt tears in his eyes. He hadn’t expected that his 10 to retire early would make such a far-reaching influence. “You would have done the same,” Jim 11 modestly. But the young man 12 his head. “Not everyone would. You gave up your income to help a stranger. That’s real 13 .” As Jim walked away, he 14 this was the best retirement gift he could have given himself — the 15 of knowing he’d changed a family’s future. 1. A. regularly B. previously C. definitely D. frequently 2. A. amazing B. alarming C. challenging D. tiring 3. A. aiming B. struggling C. tending D. seeking 4. A. comfortable B. potential C. routine D. energetic 5. A. awarded B. provided C. updated D. presented 6. A. address B. identity C. name D. account 7. A. lit up B. shot up C. cheered up D. turned up 8. A. filled B. covered C. equipped D. concerned 9. A. convenience B. security C. flexibility D. responsibility 10. A. desire B. failure C. judgment D. decision 11. A. explained B. admitted C. described D. replied 12. A. hung B. turned C. shook D. lifted 13. A. generosity B. performance C. quality D. respect 14. A. proved B. realized C. stressed D. announced 15. A. reflection B. confidence C. satisfaction D. expectation 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. D 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述吉姆看到困境中的年轻人后，决定提前退休，将工作机会让给他，最终收获满满成就感的故事。 【1题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他一直难以决定是否要退休，直到遇到了一位他以前一起工作过的年轻人。A. regularly定期地；B. previously以前；C. definitely肯定地；D. frequently频繁地。根据下文讲述吉姆提前退休，给年轻人创造工作机会猜测他们之前共事过。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个男人有妻子和三个孩子，由于已经有一段时间没有工作了，他发现养家糊口很有挑战性。A. amazing令人惊奇的；B. alarming令人担忧的；C. challenging有挑战性的；D. tiring令人疲惫的。根据下文“he hadn’t worked in some time”可知，没有工作就没有收入，养家会变得困难、有挑战性，“challenging”贴合语境，其余选项不符合“无工作导致养家难”的逻辑。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个家庭正在努力求生，而他却在纠结是否要继续工作，尽管他有足够的积蓄过上舒适的退休生活。A. aiming旨在；B. struggling努力、挣扎；C. tending倾向于；D. seeking寻找。结合前文“as he hadn’t worked in some time.”年轻人养家困难的语境，此处指家庭为了生存而努力挣扎。故选B。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个家庭正在努力求生，而他却在纠结是否要继续工作，尽管他有足够积蓄过上舒适的退休生活。A. comfortable舒适的；B. potential潜在的；C. routine常规的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据上文“he had enough savings”可知，足够的积蓄能让他的退休生活过得舒适。故选A。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，吉姆去了工会办公室，提交了他的退休文件。A. awarded 授予；B. provided 提供；C. updated 更新；D. presented 提交、递交。结合下文“his retirement paperwork”可知，决定退休的吉姆应是向工会办公室提交退休文件。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于他的继任者，他把那个陷入困境的年轻人的名字告诉了他们。A. address地址；B. identity身份；C. name名字；D. account账户。结合常识可知，吉姆想让年轻人接替自己的工作，需要向工会提供年轻人的名字。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：那个男人看到吉姆时，脸上露出了喜色。A. lit up（脸上）露出喜色、发亮；B. shot up迅速上升；C. cheered up使高兴、振作起来；D. turned up出现、调高。根据上文“That young husband and father has been working ever since — six years now.”可知，年轻人因为吉姆获得了工作，看到吉姆时应是开心的。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你救了我的家人，”他说，声音里充满了情感。A. filled充满；B. covered覆盖；C. equipped配备；D. concerned关心。根据上文“You saved my family,”可知，年轻人说这句话时声音里应是充满了感激。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“那份工作在我们一无所有的时候给了我们安全感和希望。”A. convenience便利；B. security安全感；C. flexibility灵活性；D. responsibility责任。根据下文“when we had none”可知，在一无所有时工作给了他安全感。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他没想到自己提前退休的决定会产生如此深远的影响。A. desire渴望；B. failure失败；C. judgment判断；D. decision决定。根据上文“He had difficulty deciding if he wanted to retire (退休)until he ran into a younger man he’d worked with ____ ”吉姆决定提前退休并把工作让给年轻人可知，此处指这个决定带来的影响。故选D。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你也会这么做的，”吉姆谦虚地回答。A. explained解释；B. admitted承认；C. described描述；D. replied回答。根据上文““You saved my family,” he said, his voice ____ with emotion. “That job gave us ____ and hope when we had none.””可知，此处是吉姆对年轻人的回应。故选D。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但那个年轻人摇了摇头。A. hung悬挂；B. turned转动；C. shook摇晃；D. lifted举起。根据后文“Not everyone would.”可知，年轻人不认同吉姆的话。故选C。 【13题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“不是每个人都会这么做的。你放弃了自己的收入去帮助一个陌生人。这才是真正的慷慨。”A. generosity慷慨；B. performance表现；C. quality品质；D. respect尊重。吉姆放弃自己的工作收入，帮助陌生的年轻人，这种行为是慷慨的。故选A。 【14题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：吉姆走开时，他意识到这是他能给自己的最好的退休礼物——知道自己改变了一个家庭的未来所带来的满足感。A. proved证明；B. realized意识到；C. stressed强调；D. announced宣布。根据下文“this was the best retirement gift he could have given himself ”可知，吉姆此时才明白自己的善举带来的意义。故选B。 【15题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：吉姆走开时，他意识到这是他能给自己的最好的退休礼物——知道自己改变了一个家庭的未来所带来的满足感。A. reflection反思；B. confidence自信；C. satisfaction满足感；D. expectation期待。根据下文“knowing he’d changed a family’s future”可知，吉姆帮助了年轻人，改变了他的家庭，内心会充满满足感。故选C。 二、阅读理解 A （25-26高一上·浙江S9联盟·期中）I was thirteen years old. My family had moved to Southern California from North Florida a year before. Angry and stubborn, I could not adapt to this sudden change. Like so many teenagers, I struggled to escape from anything that did not agree with my picture of the world. A “good without need of guidance” kid, I rejected any kind of offering of love. One night, after a particularly difficult day, I stormed into my room, shut the door and got into bed. As I lay down in the privacy of my bed, my hands slipped under my pillow. There was an envelope. I pulled it out and on the envelope, it read, “To read when you’re alone.” Since I was alone, no one would know whether I read it or not, so I opened it. It said “Mike, I know life is hard right now, I know you are upset and I know we don’t do everything right. I also know that I love you completely and nothing you do or say will ever change that. I am here for you and I love you — that will never change. Love, Mom.” That was the first of several “To read when you’re alone” letters. Nowadays, I travel the world helping people. I was in Sarasota, Florida, teaching a seminar (研讨课) when, at the end of the day, a woman came up to me and shared the difficulty she was having with her son. We walked out to the beach, and I told her of my mom’s undying love and about the “To read when you’re alone” letters. Several weeks later, I got a card that said she had written her first letter and left it for her son. That night as I went to bed, I put my hands under my pillow and remembered the relief I felt every time I got a letter. In the midst of my teen years, the letters were reminders of calm that I was loved in spite of my shortcomings. Today, when the seas of life get stormy, I know that what under my pillow is assurance of love — consistent (始终如一的) and unconditional love changes my life. 1. The author was angry and stubborn mainly because ________. A. he didn’t like his new school B. he didn’t get along well with his parents C. he wanted to escape from his parents’ control D. he struggled to fit in with his new environment 2. What do we know about the letter found under the pillow? A. It was written by the author’s friend. B. It showed mom’s love and understanding. C. It focused on the author’s school life. D. It advised the author to move back to Florida. 3. What inspired the lady in Sarasota to write a letter to her son? A. Her own difficult experience. B. Her son’s poor performance at school. C. The author’s rich teaching experience. D. The author’s sharing of his mother’s action. 4. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. Teenage Trouble: Growing Pains B. Mom’s Love Letters: My Secret Comfort C. Helping Others: A Journey of Kindness D. Parental Guidance: My Inner Strength Source 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者年少时无法适应环境变化，感到愤怒和固执，但妈妈通过“独处时阅读”的信件向他表达了始终如一的爱，这让作者感受到安慰和鼓舞。 【解析】 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Angry and stubborn, I could not adapt to this sudden change.(我生气又固执，无法适应这种突然的变化。)”可知，作者之所以生气和固执，主要是因为他难以适应新环境。故选D。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It said ‘Mike, I know life is hard right now, I know you are upset and I know we don’t do everything right. I also know that I love you completely and nothing you do or say will ever change that. I am here for you and I love you — that will never change. Love, Mom’.(上面写着：‘迈克，我知道现在生活很艰难，我知道你很不开心，我也知道我们做并不都是对的。但我也知道，我完全爱你，无论你做什么或说什么，都不会改变这一点。我在这里陪着你，我爱你——这永远不会改变。爱你的，妈妈’。)”可知，这封信是作者的妈妈写的，表达了妈妈的爱和理解。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“I was in Sarasota, Florida, teaching a seminar (研讨课) when, at the end of the day, a woman came up to me and shared the difficulty she was having with her son. We walked out to the beach, and I told her of my mom’s undying love and about the “To read when you’re alone” letters. Several weeks later, I got a card that said she had written her first letter and left it for her son.(我当时在佛罗里达州的萨拉索塔教一个研讨班，课快结束的时候，一位女士走到我面前，和我分享了她和儿子之间的困难。我们走到海滩上，我告诉她我妈妈永恒的爱和‘独处时阅读’的信件。几周后，我收到一张卡片，说她已经写了第一封信，留给了她的儿子。)”可知，是作者分享了他母亲的行为，这激发了萨拉索塔的那位女士给她的儿子写信。故选D。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文主要围绕着作者的妈妈写给他的“独处时阅读”的信件展开，讲述了这些信件如何成为作者生活中的秘密安慰，帮助他度过青春期的困难时期，并对他的人生产生了深远影响。因此，选项B“妈妈的爱信：我秘密的安慰”最能概括短文的主旨，适合作为这篇文章的标题。故选B。 B （25-26高一上·济南一中·期中） Since ancient times, food has been a base for cultures worldwide. It is important for our survival, which is why attention on food is a universal rule that connects us all. To feed our hungry brains, our ancestors invented fire and cooking, which passed digestion to culture. In fact, a culture’s food vocabulary is a window into its values and priorities. The cultural psychologist Paul Rozin has found that when French and American research participants are asked what comes to mind when thinking of fried eggs, the French say “breakfast” while Americans say “cholesterol (胆固醇) ”. The French think of the cooking experience; Americans think of what is entering the bloodstream. Sometimes, slurping (出声地吃) noodles is seen as the preferred way to interact with the delicious dish. There is a great scene in Juzo Itami’s film, Tampopo (1985) where a group of women in a hotel are being taught table manners and told to eat their Italian pasta noodles slowly and quietly. Another diner sitting nearby happily is slurping his noodles and the joy he gets from audibly (声音地) and physically interacting with his food is infectious. Before they know it, even the teacher is also slurping her noodles. Besides, specific dishes never represent an unchanging tradition. “My grandma’s Egg Foo Young looks and tastes completely different from what you might find in a restaurant or in somebody else’s home. After asking about her version, I realized that she learned how to make it by picking up different cooking styles as she traveled from Jiangxi, Macao, and Hong Kong,” said Shirley Ting, a Canadian researcher. If we treat culture as a defined thing, then we can see food as an important part of culture — food practices and traditions help communicate cultural values, reproduce those values over time and across generations, and help improve a group’s sense of having a distinct identity, different from other groups. 5. What may we learn from Paul Rozin’s research on food? A. Food vocabulary increases with cultural exchanges. B. People have the same food-related health concerns. C. Different cultures prioritize different aspects of food. D. Americans and the French have similar cooking methods. 6. Why does the author mention the scene in Tampopo? A. To highlight different food preferences. B. To stress the appeal of pleasurable dining. C. To criticize rude manners in public places. D. To compare dining habits in films and daily life. 7. Which function of food is referred to in the last paragraph? A. Passing down traditional cooking techniques. B. Encouraging cultural appreciation globally. C. Presenting cultural gaps and differences. D. Strengthening cultural values and uniqueness. 8. What does the text mainly talk about? A. Diet can impact health. B. Food is a bridge to culture. C. Noodles can be a cultural symbol. D. Global views are different about food trends. 【答案】5. C 6. B 7. D 8. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物是文化的基础，食物的词汇是一个了解其价值观和优先级的窗口，食物是文化的重要组成部分。 【解析】 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The cultural psychologist Paul Rozin has found that when French and American research participants are asked what comes to mind when thinking of fried eggs, the French say “breakfast” while Americans say “cholesterol (胆固醇) ”. The French think of the cooking experience; Americans think of what is entering the bloodstream.( 文化心理学家保罗·罗津（Paul Rozin）发现，当法国和美国的研究参与者被问及想到煎蛋时脑海中浮现的是什么时，法国人说是“早餐”，而美国人说是“胆固醇”。法国人想到的是烹饪体验；美国人考虑的是进入血液的是什么)”可知，法国人想到的是烹饪体验，而美国人想到的是食物进入血液后对健康的影响。这表明不同文化对食物的关注点不同，即不同文化在食物的不同方面有优先考虑的点。故选C项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Another diner sitting nearby happily is slurping his noodles and the joy he gets from audibly (声音地) and physically interacting with his food is infectious. Before they know it, even the teacher is also slurping her noodles.( 另一位坐在附近的食客正在开心地吃着面条，他从声音和身体上与食物互动中获得的快乐是有传染性的。在他们意识到之前，就连老师也在吃面条时发出声音)”可知，旁边一位食客开心地出声吃面条，他从与食物的互动中获得的快乐是有感染力的，甚至老师也受影响开始出声吃面条。这强调了愉快用餐的吸引力。故选B项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“food practices and traditions help communicate cultural values, reproduce those values over time and across generations, and help improve a group’s sense of having a distinct identity, different from other groups.( 饮食习惯和传统有助于文化价值观的交流，随着时间的推移和代际的变化，这些价值观得以复制，并有助于提高一个群体的独特身份感，与其他群体不同)”可知，食物习俗和传统有助于传达文化价值观，在时间和代际间传承这些价值观，并有助于提升一个群体有别于其他群体的独特身份感。这体现了食物加强文化价值观和独特性的功能。故选D项。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段指出食物是世界各地文化的基础，能将人们联系起来；接着通过保罗・罗津的研究、电影《蒲公英》中的场景以及不同人对菜肴的不同做法等例子，阐述了食物与文化的关系；最后一段总结食物习俗和传统对传达文化价值观、提升群体独特身份感的作用。所以文章主要讲述的是食物是连接文化的桥梁。故选B项。 C （25-26高一上·湖南师大附中·期中）I can well remember the pain. My stomach was sick, my heart hurt, and my eyes painful from holding back tears. “ You know, Annie,” my friend John said,“ Joanna and Andrea were just talking about you.” I immediately got nervous.“ They said that the only reason you start on the basketball team is because the coach likes you. It's not because you' re good.” I thought I might be sick.“ They said they' re tired of you always getting what you want.” I struggled to keep myself from crying, sinking to my knees on the cold floor. After John told me everything my supposed best friends said about me, I was hurt. Joanna and Andrea came in from lunch break acting as if nothing had happened. Joanna was still my deskmate, and Andrea was still my partner for our history project. I was amazed at their ability to pretend we had perfect friendship, especially since they'd said such hurtful things. I was a freshman in high school, and I felt like I didn't have a friend in the world, all because of Gossip—— informal talk or stories about other people's private lives, perhaps unkind or not true. The tongue can be our worst enemy. Gossip harms confidence and separates close friends. It's like a sharp knife, cutting one's self-respect into pieces. When we say unkind things about others, we' re sticking knives into their hearts. So how was I to act next? When Joanna and Andrea pretended our friendship hadn't changed, I thought of attacking them back. But instead, I told them directly that they had hurt me. Joanna started crying and Andrea was speechless. I knew they were both sorry for what they had said. They apologized, and I forgave them. Sure, things were a little uncomfortable at first, but soon enough everything was back to the way it had been before. I still deal with gossip, sometimes as a receiver and sometimes as a sharer. But the more I learn about love, the more I realize the importance of encouraging others— something gossip never does. 9. What can we conclude from the second paragraph? A. Joanna and Andrea were grateful that the writer was their friend. B. Joanna and Andrea made fun of the writer's basketball performances. C. Joanna and Andrea were unhappy about the writer being on the team. D. Joanna and Andrea did not think the writer was the coach's favourite. 10. How did the writer respond to her friends' comments about her? A. She decided to fight back immediately. B. She told them frankly how she felt. C. She found it awkward to speak to them. D. She pretended that nothing had happened. 11. What is the writer's reaction to gossip? A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Unconcerned. D. Unclear. 12. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Gossip is definitely a sticking knife into people's hearts. B. We have to be patient when people gossip about our friends. C. We can't escape the world with gossip, but love offers a guiding hand. D. We should be careful around our friends since they may cheat us sometimes. 【答案】9. C 10. B 11. A 12. C 【语篇导读】本文讲述了流言蜚语是不可避免的，但是我们要积极和正确地对待它们。 【解析】 【9题详解】C 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，Joanna和Andrea认为作者没有足够的能力，她们不满意作者加入篮球队。故选C。 【10题详解】 B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句可知，作者直接告诉了她们自己的感受。故选B。 【11题详解】A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句并结合最后一段中的“love”和“encouraging others”可知，作者对待流言蜚语的反应是比较积极的。故选 A。 【12题详解】 C 推理判断题。根据全文最后一句以及文章大意可知，我们不可能生活在一个没有流言蜚语的世界，但是他人的爱和鼓励对我们大有裨益。故选C。 三、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you asked 10 different people their understandings of success, you would probably get 10 different answers. 1 Some consider spiritual and emotional achievement as success. Others view it as having wealth, achieving happiness, or positively impacting others. While the definition of success is subjective, these practical success tips can help you achieve your goals. Create your picture of success. 2 Charting success on your own terms requires self-awareness and strategic planning. Once you know what success means to you, you can focus your time and energy on making it a reality. 3 Another key to success in life is learning how to set goals and reach them. Using specific criteria to set SMART goals can help you hold yourself accountable. SMART stands for specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. To achieve these goals, we need to take action. By taking small actions, you build healthy habits that make your long-term goals more achievable. Develop self-discipline. Self-discipline is the ability to continue moving toward your goals, even when you might not feel like it. It helps you set and achieve long-term goals without getting distracted along the way. One example of self-discipline might be waking up early every morning to go to the gym, even when you feel tired. 4 Learn to adapt to change. Adaptability is key to achieving success in life and at work. 5 With generative AI and other technologies reshaping the world, employers increasingly look for people who can cope with different working conditions. In a world where change is the only constant, adaptability can be your best friend. A. Always believe in yourself. B. Learn to set and achieve goals. C. Think about what you see as success. D. That’s because everyone describes success differently. E. Success is not a destination but a continuous journey of growth. F. Another is saving money for a house by reducing daily spending. G. It allows you to accept change even in the face of unexpected events. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. F 5. G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。人们对成功的定义各有不同，文章给出四大实用成功技巧：描绘个人成功蓝图、设定并实现目标、培养自律能力以及学会适应变化。 【解析】 【1题详解】 前文“If you asked 10 different people their understandings of success, you would probably get 10 different answers.(如果你询问 10 个人对于成功的理解，你可能会得到 10 种不同的答案。)”说问 10 个人对成功的理解会得到 10 个答案，后文分述不同人对成功的定义（精神成就、财富、影响他人等）。D 项“That’s because everyone describes success differently. (这是因为每个人对成功的描述都不同。)”完美衔接“答案不同”的现象和后文的具体分述，表原因解释，逻辑连贯。故选D项。 【2题详解】 本段小标题为“Create your picture of success.(描绘你自己的成功蓝图。)”，后文“Charting success on your own terms requires self-awareness and strategic planning.( 根据自己的标准来规划成功需要自我意识和战略规划。)”强调“按自己的标准定义成功需要自我认知，明确后才能付诸行动”。C 项“Think about what you see as success.( 思考你眼中的成功是什么。)”贴合“描绘个人成功蓝图”的核心，是对小标题的具体展开，引出后文的具体做法。故选C项。 【3题详解】 本空为小标题，后文“Another key to success in life is learning how to set goals and reach them. Using specific criteria to set SMART goals can help you hold yourself accountable. SMART stands for specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. To achieve these goals, we need to take action. (人生成功的另一个关键在于学会如何设定目标并实现它们。使用具体的标准来设定明确的目标可以帮助你对自己负责。SMART 指的是具体、可衡量、可实现、相关且有时限。为了实现这些目标，我们需要采取行动。)”核心内容是“学会设定并实现目标是成功的关键，介绍 SMART 目标设定法，以及通过行动实现目标”。B 项“Learn to set and achieve goals.(学会设定并实现目标。)”，精准概括本段主旨，是后文所有内容的核心主题。故选B项。 【4题详解】 本段小标题“Develop self-discipline.(培养自律。)”讲自律，前文“One example of self-discipline might be waking up early every morning to go to the gym, even when you feel tired.(自律的一个例子可能是每天清晨早早起床去健身房，即便你感到疲惫也是如此。)”举了“即使累也早起去健身房” 的自律例子，用One example引出。F 项Another is saving money for a house by reducing daily spending.(另一个例子是通过减少日常开支为买房存钱。)，用Another is承接前文的举例，是自律的又一具体表现，符合段落逻辑。故选F项。 【5题详解】 本段小标题为“Learn to adapt to change（学会适应变化）”，前文“Adaptability is key to achieving success in life and at work. (适应能力是人生和工作中取得成功的关键。)”说适应性是成功的关键，后文“With generative AI and other technologies reshaping the world, employers increasingly look for people who can cope with different working conditions.(随着生成式人工智能和其他技术重塑世界，雇主越来越倾向于寻找能够适应不同工作条件的人。)”讲科技变革下雇主更看重适应能力，变化是常态。G项“It allows you to accept change even in the face of unexpected events.(它能让你即使面对意外也能接受变化。)”，其中It指代前文的Adaptability，且紧扣“适应变化”的主旨，衔接前后文对适应性重要性的论述。故选G项。 2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $