Units 3-4（语法综合练）英语译林版必修第一册

**基本信息** 以“识别-填空-运用”为主线，通过“核心判断口诀”和系统速查表构建限制性定语从句解题体系，实现从语法识别到写作应用的能力递进，提升语言理解与表达能力及逻辑思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |找出短文中的定语从句|1篇含10处定语从句短文|从句成分分析法（缺主干用代词/缺状语用副词）|从定语从句识别（基础认知）到关系词选择（规则应用）| |关系代词/副词填空|12题|关系词选择规则（指代对象+成分+特殊限制）|再到语篇填空（语境运用）、句子构建（输出训练）| |引导词语法填空|10空语法填空|语境化语法应用（结合健康主题语篇）|最终实现写作迁移（综合能力）| |用定语从句完成句子|10题|句子补全技巧（先行词匹配+关系词准确）|形成“识别-理解-运用-输出”完整逻辑链| |写作应用|1篇推荐信（80-100词）|写作融合策略（3-5个定语从句嵌入应用文）|强化语法知识在真实语境中的迁移运用|

( 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) ( 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) 专题02 Units 3-4（语法综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 一、找出以下短文中的定语从句。（原创） 二、用关系代词或关系副词填空。（原创） 三、限制性定语从句引导词语法填空（原创） 四、用定语从句完成句子。（原创） 五、定语从句在写作中的应用。（原创） 限制性定语从句知识点速查表 类别 关系词 指代对象 在从句中充当的成分 何时使用（选择条件） 例句 备注/特殊限制 关系代词 who 人 主语（或宾语，口语可替代whom） 从句缺少主语（或宾语），且先行词指人 The man who lives next door is a doctor.（缺主语） 作宾语时可省略（非正式） whom 人 宾语（动词后或介词后） 从句缺少宾语，且先行词指人（正式） She is the teacher whom we all respect.（缺宾语） 作宾语可省略；介词后必须用whom which 物 / 动物 主语 / 宾语 从句缺少主语或宾语，且先行词指物 This is the book which inspired me.（缺主语） 作宾语可省略；介词后必须用which that 人 / 物 （通用） 主语 / 宾语 / 表语 从句缺少主干成分，可替代who/whom/which（多数情况） I like the movie that you recommended.（缺宾语） 作宾语可省略；只能用that的特殊情况见下方 whose 人 / 物 定语（表示“……的”，表所属） 从句中两个名词间有所属关系，缺定语 I know the boy whose father is a pilot.（缺定语） 不可省略，后接名词 关系副词 when 时间（day, year, moment…） 时间状语 先行词表时间，且从句主谓宾齐全，只缺时间状语 I’ll never forget the day when we met.(we met完整) = on/in/at which；可省略（非正式） where 地点（place, city, house…） 地点状语 先行词表地点，且从句主谓宾齐全，只缺地点状语 This is the café where I often study.（I study 完整） = in/on/at which；不可省略 why 原因（先行词通常为 reason） 原因状语 先行词为 reason，且从句主谓宾齐全，只缺原因状语 Tell me the reason why you left.（you left 完整） = for which；可省略（非正式） 重要补充（特殊限制） 规则 说明 例句 只能用 that（不用 which/who） ①先行词被序数词、最高级修饰 ②先行词是不定代词（all, everything, nothing, few…） ③先行词既有人又有物 He talked about the people and places that he visited. 只能用 which（不用 that） 关系代词前有介词时（介词 + which） This is the tool with which I fixed the bike. 核心判断口诀 看从句缺什么：缺主干（主/宾/表/定）用代词，缺状语（时/地/因）用副词。如果先行词是时间/地点/原因，先看从句是否完整——完整就用 when/where/why，不完整就用 which/that。 一、找出以下短文中的定语从句。 The Garden That Brings Us Together Behind our school lies a small garden that every student loves. It is a place where we plant vegetables and flowers together. Our biology teacher, Ms. Chen, is the one who started this project two years ago. She is a person whose patience and kindness inspire us all. The students whom she guides learn not only science but also teamwork. Last spring was the season when we harvested our first tomatoes. The joy that we felt was unforgettable. We also built a bench which faces the sun, so we can rest and read there. Do you know the reason why this garden matters so much? It teaches us responsibility and care for nature. Every morning, we water the plants that we planted ourselves. Even the teachers whom we respect most join us sometimes. This garden is a gift that keeps giving—fresh air, fresh food, and fresh friendship. It reminds us that hard work always brings sweet rewards. (168 words) 短文一共含有12个定语从句： 序号 引导词 先行词 定语从句原文（黑体部分） 1 that garden that every student loves 2 where place where we plant vegetables and flowers together 3 who the one (指Ms. Chen) who started this project two years ago 4 whose person (指Ms. Chen) whose patience and kindness inspire us all 5 whom students whom she guides 6 when season when we harvested our first tomatoes 7 that joy that we felt 8 which bench which faces the sun 9 why reason why this garden matters so much 10 that plants that we planted ourselves 11 whom teachers whom we respect most 12 that gift that keeps giving 二、用关系代词或关系副词填空。 1. The restaurant ______ we used to have healthy meals has become very popular. 2. Do you still remember the day ______ we decided to go on a balanced diet? 3. The boy ______ mother is a famous cook can make delicious vegetable soup. 4. This is the reason ______ many young people choose to do sports every day. 5. The recipe ______ my grandma taught me is good for our health. 6. The trainer ______ you talked to yesterday gave us some useful advice. 7. The exercise plan ______ we made together helped us lose weight. 8. I will never forget the moment ______ I recovered from the bad cold. 9. The doctor ______ works in the hospital nearby often gives talks on health. 10. The student ______ eating habits have changed a lot is my deskmate. 11. The athlete ______ leg was hurt in the game still finished the race. 12. This is the gym ______ we work out three times a week. 详细解析 【第1题】where —— 先行词是 restaurant（餐馆），表示地点。在定语从句“we used to have healthy meals”中，主谓宾完整（we主语，used to have谓语，healthy meals宾语），缺少地点状语（“在那家餐馆吃饭”），因此用关系副词 where，相当于 in which。 【第2题】when —— 先行词是 the day（那一天），表示时间。定语从句“we decided to go on a balanced diet”结构完整，缺少时间状语（“在那一天决定”），因此用关系副词 when，相当于 on which。 【第3题】whose —— 先行词是 The boy（那个男孩），定语从句中 mother（母亲）与先行词构成所属关系（“那个男孩的母亲”），因此用关系代词所有格 whose，在从句中作定语修饰 mother。 【第4题】why —— 先行词是 the reason（原因），定语从句“many young people choose to do sports every day”结构完整，缺少原因状语（“因为这个原因而选择”），因此用关系副词 why，相当于 for which。 【第5题】that / which —— 先行词是 The recipe（菜谱），指物。在定语从句“my grandma taught me”中，taught 是及物动词，后面缺少宾语（“奶奶教我的那个菜谱”），因此用关系代词 that 或 which，在从句中作宾语。 【第6题】whom / who —— 先行词是 The trainer（那个教练），指人。在定语从句“you talked to yesterday”中，介词 to 后面缺少宾语（“你昨天和他说话的那位教练”），因此用关系代词 whom（正式）或 who（口语）。介词在从句末尾，故两者均可。 【第7题】that / which —— 先行词是 The exercise plan（锻炼计划），指物。在定语从句“we made together”中，made 是及物动词，缺少宾语（“我们一起制定的计划”），因此用关系代词 that 或 which，在从句中作宾语。 【第8题】when —— 先行词是 the moment（那一刻），表示时间。定语从句“I recovered from the bad cold”结构完整，缺少时间状语（“在那时恢复”），因此用关系副词 when，相当于 at which。 【第9题】who —— 先行词是 The doctor（那位医生），指人。在定语从句“works in the hospital nearby”中，works 是谓语动词，缺少主语（“在那家医院工作的医生”），因此用关系代词 who，在从句中作主语。 【第10题】whose —— 先行词是 The student（那个学生），定语从句中 eating habits（饮食习惯）与先行词构成所属关系（“那个学生的饮食习惯”），因此用关系代词所有格 whose，在从句中作定语修饰 eating habits。 【第11题】whose —— 先行词是 The athlete（那位运动员），定语从句中 leg（腿）与先行词构成所属关系（“那位运动员的腿”），因此用关系代词所有格 whose，在从句中作定语修饰 leg。 【第12题】where —— 先行词是 the gym（健身房），表示地点。定语从句“we work out three times a week”中，主谓宾齐全，缺少地点状语（“在那个健身房锻炼”），因此用关系副词 where，相当于 in which。 三、限制性定语从句引导词语法填空 I still remember the day 1 I decided to change my unhealthy lifestyle. At that time, I often ate junk food and never did sports. My cousin 2 is a fitness trainer gave me some useful advice. He told me about a gym 3 many young people work out every day. I followed the plan 4 he made for me. The reason 5 I agreed to try was that I wanted to be healthier. The first month was hard, but I didn't give up. The success 6 I achieved made me feel proud. I also learned some recipes 7 my grandma used to cook. They were simple but healthy. Now I have a friend 8 eating habits have changed a lot too. We often go to the sports centre 9 we play badminton together. The coach 10 we respect most always encourages us to keep going. Now I feel energetic and confident. 答案及详细解析 【第1题】when 先行词：the day（时间名词）；定语从句：“I decided to change my unhealthy lifestyle”中，主语是 I，谓语是 decided，宾语是 to change...，句子结构完整，缺少时间状语。因此用关系副词 when，相当于 on which。 【第2题】who 先行词：My cousin（指人）；定语从句：“is a fitness trainer”中，缺少主语（谁是一名健身教练）。指人且作主语，用关系代词 who。（不可用 whom，因为作主语） 【第3题】where 先行词：a gym（地点名词）；定语从句：“many young people work out every day”中，主谓宾齐全（many young people 主语，work out 谓语，every day 状语），缺少地点状语（在健身房锻炼）。因此用关系副词 where，相当于 in which。 【第4题】that / which 先行词：the plan（指物）；定语从句：“he made for me”中，动词 made 缺少宾语（他制定的计划）。 指物且作宾语，用关系代词 that 或 which。 【第5题】why 先行词：The reason（原因名词）；定语从句：“I agreed to try”中，主谓宾完整，缺少原因状语（为什么同意尝试）。因此用关系副词 why，相当于 for which。注意先行词为 reason 时通常用 why。 【第6题】that / which 先行词：The success（指物）；定语从句：“I achieved”中，动词 achieved 缺少宾语（我取得的成功）。 指物且作宾语，用关系代词 that 或 which。 【第7题】that / which 先行词：some recipes（指物）；定语从句：“my grandma used to cook”中，动词 cook 缺少宾语（我奶奶过去做的菜谱）。指物且作宾语，用关系代词 that 或 which。 【第8题】whose 先行词：a friend（指人）；定语从句中，eating habits（饮食习惯）与先行词构成所属关系（那个朋友的饮食习惯）。表示“……的”，用关系代词所有格 whose，在从句中作定语修饰 eating habits。 【第9题】where 先行词：the sports centre（地点名词）；定语从句：“we play badminton together”中，主谓宾齐全，缺少地点状语（在运动中心打羽毛球）。因此用关系副词 where，相当于 at which。 【第10题】whom / who 先行词：The coach（指人）；定语从句：“we respect most”中，动词 respect 缺少宾语（我们最尊敬的那位教练）。指人且作宾语，正式文体用 whom，口语中常用 who。本题介词未提前，故二者皆可。 四、用定语从句完成句子。 1. The restaurant ______（我昨天和我表哥一起吃晚饭的那家）has a new menu. 2. Do you remember the day ______（我们决定开始均衡饮食的那一天）? 3. The trainer ______（他给了我们很多有用的建议）is very patient. 4. This is the reason ______（许多年轻人每天选择做运动的原因）. 5. The recipe ______（我奶奶过去常做的）is now on the table. 6. The athlete ______（我们昨天在电视上看到的）broke the record. 7. The gym ______（我们每周去锻炼三次的那个健身房）has new equipment. 8. I will never forget the illness ______（我去年战胜了的）. 9. The student ______（他的饮食习惯改善了很多）is my deskmate. 10. The plan ______（我们一起制定的）has worked well. 答案 1. where I had dinner with my cousin yesterday 2. when we decided to go on a balanced diet 3. who gave us a lot of useful advice 4. why many young people choose to do sports every day 5. that / which my grandma used to cook 6. whom / who we saw on TV yesterday 7. where we work out three times a week 8. that / which I overcame last year 9. whose eating habits have improved a lot 10. that / which we made together 详细解析 【第1题】 先行词The restaurant（地点名词）;从句“我昨天和我表哥一起吃晚饭”中，主语是“我”，谓语是“吃晚饭”（had dinner），宾语完整，缺少的是地点状语（“在那家餐厅吃晚饭”）, 所以用关系副词 where，相当于 in which。 答案：where I had dinner with my cousin yesterday 【第2题】 先行词the day（时间名词）; 从句“我们决定开始均衡饮食”中，主语、谓语、宾语均完整，缺少的是时间状语（“在那一天决定”），所以用关系副词 when，相当于 on which。 答案：when we decided to go on a balanced diet 【第3题】 先行词The trainer（指人）; 从句“他给了我们很多有用的建议”中，动词“gave”缺少主语（谁给了建议）。先行词指人且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词 who（不可用whom，因为作主语）。 答案：who gave us a lot of useful advice 【第4题】 先行词the reason（原因名词）; 从句“许多年轻人每天选择做运动”结构完整（主谓宾齐全），缺少的是原因状语（“因为这个原因而选择”），所以用关系副词 why，相当于 for which。 答案：why many young people choose to do sports every day 【第5题】 先行词The recipe（指物）; 从句“我奶奶过去常做的”中，动词“做”（cook）缺少宾语（“做那个食谱”）。先行词指物且在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词 that 或 which（作宾语可省略，但填空需写出）。 答案：that / which my grandma used to cook 【第6题】 先行词：The athlete（指人）; 从句分析：从句“我们昨天在电视上看到的”中，动词“看到”（saw）缺少宾语（“看到那位运动员”）。先行词指人且在从句中作宾语，所以用 whom（正式）或 who（口语），因介词未提前，两者皆可。 答案：whom / who we saw on TV yesterday 【第7题】 先行词：The gym（地点名词）; 从句分析：从句“我们每周去锻炼三次”中，主语“我们”，谓语“去锻炼”（work out）为不及物动词短语，结构完整，缺少的是地点状语（“在那个健身房锻炼”），所以用关系副词 where，相当于 at which。 答案：where we work out three times a week 【第8题】 先行词：the illness（指物）; 从句分析：从句“我去年战胜了的”中，动词“战胜”（overcame）缺少宾语（“战胜那场病”）。先行词指物且在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词 that 或 which。 答案：that / which I overcame last year 【第9题】 先行词：The student（指人），从句中“他的饮食习惯”与先行词构成所属关系（“那个学生的饮食习惯”），因此需要所有格形式作定语修饰 eating habits。所以用关系代词whose。 答案：whose eating habits have improved a lot 【第10题】 先行词The plan（指物），从句“我们一起制定的”中，动词“制定”（made）缺少宾语（“制定那个计划”）。先行词指物且在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词 that 或 which。 答案：that / which we made together 五、定语从句在写作中的应用。（应用文写作·推荐信） 写作任务：假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom计划来中国参加一个暑期健康夏令营，但他不确定该选哪一个。请你写一封推荐信，向他推荐“阳光健康营”（Sunshine Health Camp），并说明推荐理由。 要求： 字数：80-100词 文中必须包含3-5个限制性定语从句 参考范文 Dear Tom, I'm writing to recommend Sunshine Health Camp to you. It is a camp that offers a perfect combination of exercise and healthy eating. The trainers who work there are all experienced professionals. Every morning, we do various sports in a gym where modern equipment is provided. The recipes that the cook teaches us are both delicious and easy to follow. The reason why I strongly suggest this camp is that it changed my lifestyle completely last summer. After the camp, I became more energetic and confident. I believe you will love it too. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 范文中的定语从句（共5个） 序号 定语从句（黑体标示） 引导词 先行词 功能说明 1 that offers a perfect combination of exercise and healthy eating that camp 指物，作主语，补充说明夏令营的特点 2 who work there who trainers 指人，作主语，修饰教练的身份 3 where modern equipment is provided where gym 表地点，补充说明体育馆的环境 4 that the cook teaches us that recipes 指物，作宾语，修饰菜谱的来源 5 why I strongly suggest this camp why reason 表原因，说明推荐的理由 定语从句在应用文中的写作效果分析 效果 说明 信息浓缩 用一句话表达原本需要两句话的内容，如 a camp that offers... 比 a camp. It offers... 更简洁紧凑 逻辑清晰 通过定语从句将主要信息与修饰信息分层，主次分明。如 The trainers who work there 清楚地将“教练”和“在那里工作”的关系绑定 衔接自然 避免简单句的堆砌（如 The camp is great. It has equipment. I like it），使行文流畅、书面语感强 强调重点 将关键信息置于先行词位置，再用定语从句补充，如 The reason why I suggest... 自然引出核心观点 ( zxxk.com )4 / 8 ( zxxk.com )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ ( 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) ( 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) 专题02 Units 3-4（语法综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 一、找出以下短文中的定语从句。（原创） 二、用关系代词或关系副词填空。（原创） 三、限制性定语从句引导词语法填空（原创） 四、用定语从句完成句子。（原创） 五、定语从句在写作中的应用。（原创） 限制性定语从句知识点速查表 类别 关系词 指代对象 在从句中充当的成分 何时使用（选择条件） 例句 备注/特殊限制 关系代词 who 人 主语（或宾语，口语可替代whom） 从句缺少主语（或宾语），且先行词指人 The man who lives next door is a doctor.（缺主语） 作宾语时可省略（非正式） whom 人 宾语（动词后或介词后） 从句缺少宾语，且先行词指人（正式） She is the teacher whom we all respect.（缺宾语） 作宾语可省略；介词后必须用whom which 物 / 动物 主语 / 宾语 从句缺少主语或宾语，且先行词指物 This is the book which inspired me.（缺主语） 作宾语可省略；介词后必须用which that 人 / 物 （通用） 主语 / 宾语 / 表语 从句缺少主干成分，可替代who/whom/which（多数情况） I like the movie that you recommended.（缺宾语） 作宾语可省略；只能用that的特殊情况见下方 whose 人 / 物 定语（表示“……的”，表所属） 从句中两个名词间有所属关系，缺定语 I know the boy whose father is a pilot.（缺定语） 不可省略，后接名词 关系副词 when 时间（day, year, moment…） 时间状语 先行词表时间，且从句主谓宾齐全，只缺时间状语 I’ll never forget the day when we met.(we met完整) = on/in/at which；可省略（非正式） where 地点（place, city, house…） 地点状语 先行词表地点，且从句主谓宾齐全，只缺地点状语 This is the café where I often study.（I study 完整） = in/on/at which；不可省略 why 原因（先行词通常为 reason） 原因状语 先行词为 reason，且从句主谓宾齐全，只缺原因状语 Tell me the reason why you left.（you left 完整） = for which；可省略（非正式） 重要补充（特殊限制） 规则 说明 例句 只能用 that（不用 which/who） ①先行词被序数词、最高级修饰 ②先行词是不定代词（all, everything, nothing, few…） ③先行词既有人又有物 He talked about the people and places that he visited. 只能用 which（不用 that） 关系代词前有介词时（介词 + which） This is the tool with which I fixed the bike. 核心判断口诀 看从句缺什么：缺主干（主/宾/表/定）用代词，缺状语（时/地/因）用副词。如果先行词是时间/地点/原因，先看从句是否完整——完整就用 when/where/why，不完整就用 which/that。 一、找出以下短文中的定语从句。 The Garden That Brings Us Together Behind our school lies a small garden that every student loves. It is a place where we plant vegetables and flowers together. Our biology teacher, Ms. Chen, is the one who started this project two years ago. She is a person whose patience and kindness inspire us all. The students whom she guides learn not only science but also teamwork. Last spring was the season when we harvested our first tomatoes. The joy that we felt was unforgettable. We also built a bench which faces the sun, so we can rest and read there. Do you know the reason why this garden matters so much? It teaches us responsibility and care for nature. Every morning, we water the plants that we planted ourselves. Even the teachers whom we respect most join us sometimes. This garden is a gift that keeps giving—fresh air, fresh food, and fresh friendship. It reminds us that hard work always brings sweet rewards. (168 words) 二、用关系代词或关系副词填空。 1. The restaurant ______ we used to have healthy meals has become very popular. 2. Do you still remember the day ______ we decided to go on a balanced diet? 3. The boy ______ mother is a famous cook can make delicious vegetable soup. 4. This is the reason ______ many young people choose to do sports every day. 5. The recipe ______ my grandma taught me is good for our health. 6. The trainer ______ you talked to yesterday gave us some useful advice. 7. The exercise plan ______ we made together helped us lose weight. 8. I will never forget the moment ______ I recovered from the bad cold. 9. The doctor ______ works in the hospital nearby often gives talks on health. 10. The student ______ eating habits have changed a lot is my deskmate. 11. The athlete ______ leg was hurt in the game still finished the race. 12. This is the gym ______ we work out three times a week. 三、限制性定语从句引导词语法填空 I still remember the day 1 I decided to change my unhealthy lifestyle. At that time, I often ate junk food and never did sports. My cousin 2 is a fitness trainer gave me some useful advice. He told me about a gym 3 many young people work out every day. I followed the plan 4 he made for me. The reason 5 I agreed to try was that I wanted to be healthier. The first month was hard, but I didn't give up. The success 6 I achieved made me feel proud. I also learned some recipes 7 my grandma used to cook. They were simple but healthy. Now I have a friend 8 eating habits have changed a lot too. We often go to the sports centre 9 we play badminton together. The coach 10 we respect most always encourages us to keep going. Now I feel energetic and confident. 四、用定语从句完成句子。 1. The restaurant ______（我昨天和我表哥一起吃晚饭的那家）has a new menu. 2. Do you remember the day ______（我们决定开始均衡饮食的那一天）? 3. The trainer ______（他给了我们很多有用的建议）is very patient. 4. This is the reason ______（许多年轻人每天选择做运动的原因）. 5. The recipe ______（我奶奶过去常做的）is now on the table. 6. The athlete ______（我们昨天在电视上看到的）broke the record. 7. The gym ______（我们每周去锻炼三次的那个健身房）has new equipment. 8. I will never forget the illness ______（我去年战胜了的）. 9. The student ______（他的饮食习惯改善了很多）is my deskmate. 10. The plan ______（我们一起制定的）has worked well. 五、定语从句在写作中的应用。（应用文写作·推荐信） 写作任务：假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom计划来中国参加一个暑期健康夏令营，但他不确定该选哪一个。请你写一封推荐信，向他推荐“阳光健康营”（Sunshine Health Camp），并说明推荐理由。 要求： 字数：80-100词。 文中必须包含3-5个限制性定语从句。 ( zxxk.com )4 / 8 ( zxxk.com )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $