Unit 6 Period 2 Using language(1)—Grammar（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高一英语必修第二册学习笔记（外研版·新教材）

本高中英语讲义聚焦动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作宾语补足语这一核心语法点，通过三江源保护区语段的黑体部分引导学生感知实例，进而系统梳理两者在感官动词、使役动词及with复合结构中的用法，最后对比不定式作宾补的区别，构建完整的学习支架。 资料以生态保护情境导入，渗透文化意识，通过表格对比辨析培养思维品质，多样化即时演练与分层作业提升语言能力。课中辅助教师实例教学，课后助力学生巩固语法规则，查漏补缺，有效发展学习能力。

Period 2　Using language(1)—Grammar 阅读以下语段，感知黑体部分，并回答问题 Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve(SNNR) was established in 2000 and is the highest and largest nature reserve in China.Here，you can see dramatic landscapes ①changing from mountains to grasslands，forests to rivers.But in recent years，we have seen large areas of wetland ②damaged by human activity.To people’s relief，a lot of work has been done to solve the problem.This includes keeping the original environment ③untouched，as well as adopting new，sustainable ways of feeding farm animals.With a lot of efforts ④made，China has taken another step forward in ecological protection. 1．上面语段中①是动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，与宾语构成主动关系； 2．上面语段中②③④是动词-ed形式作宾语补足语，与宾语构成被动关系； 3．总之，要根据宾语与宾语补足语之间的关系来确定分词的形式：如果宾语与宾语补足语之间是主动关系，则用动词-ing形式；如果宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系，则用动词-ed形式。 动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示宾语正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词(短语)、结构的宾语补足语。 1．表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)：(常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等)。 I felt somebody standing behind me. 我感觉有人站在我后面。 When seeing the volcano erupting in person for the first time，he was rooted to the spot，motionless and speechless. 当他第一次亲眼看到火山喷发时，他惊呆了，一动不动，说不出话来。 2．表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have，keep，get，leave等)。 The mother kept the girl practising the piano，which made her very annoyed. 母亲让女孩不停地练钢琴，这使她很生气。 I won’t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 3．with的复合结构(现在分词与宾语之间构成主动关系)。 His son thought that there was something unusual about the painting with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. 他的儿子认为，那幅一位年轻姑娘坐在花园椅子上的画有些不同寻常。 [即时演练1]　根据汉语意思补全句子 ①当我走进咖啡馆时，我发现那个诗人在向我招手。 I found the poet waving at me when I stepped into the café. ②他注意到儿子最近很喜欢玩乐高。 He noticed his son diving into playing Lego these days. ③我们已经等了他半个小时了，让别人等是他的典型作风。 We have been waiting for him for half an hour and it is typical of him to keep others waiting. ④有这个男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了山西边的保护区。 With the boy leading the way，we had no difficulty finding the reserve at the west of the mountain. 二、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 1．过去分词用在使役动词have，get和make的后面作宾语补足语。 (1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”意为“让别人做某事”，或主语“遭遇到某种不幸”。 Claire had her luggage checked an hour before the plane left.在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔让她的行李进行了安检。 He has been wondering how he can get his works recognized. 他一直在想怎样才能让自己的作品得到认可。 (2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词表示结果。 They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English. 他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。 2．感官动词see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. 当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。 When he returned from abroad，he found a lot of big companies established here and there. 当他从国外回来时，他发现到处都成立了许多大公司。 3．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like，want，wish，order等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。 4．过去分词用在with的复合结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked. 客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备摆放即将做好的饭菜。 注意：过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动或完成意义，有时两者兼有。不及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语只表示完成意义。 [即时演练2]　根据汉语意思补全句子 ①经理看到经过努力开发出了许多新产品后很满意。 The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed after great effort. ②迈克尔在床边挂了一张他最喜欢的篮球运动员的照片，以提醒自己的梦想。 Michael put up a picture of his favourite basketball player beside the bed to keep himself reminded of his own dreams. ③所有的任务都提前完成了，他决定出发旅行。 With all the tasks finished ahead of time，he decided to set out on his travel. ④这是一个让国际学生更好地了解中华文化的机会。 It’s an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better known to international students. 三、-ing形式、-ed形式、不定式作宾语补足语的区别 非谓语动词 作宾语补足语的用法 -ing形式 表示正在进行的主动动作或被动动作。 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英语歌曲。 I heard a song being sung when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天我经过她的房间时，听到有人在唱歌。 -ed形式 表示被动或动作已完成。 I heard the English song sung many times.我听到那首英语歌曲被唱了许多次。 不定式 在with复合结构中，作宾语补足语的不定式表示动作还未发生；感官动词后作宾语补足语的不定式(此时的不定式都不带to)强调动作发生的全过程。 With a lot of homework to do，Tom can’t go to the cinema with his father. 因为有很多作业要做，汤姆不能和他爸爸一起去看电影。 I heard her sing an English song just now. 我刚才听到她唱了一首英语歌曲。 [即时演练3]　选词填空 ①With all his homework prepared(prepared/preparing)，Jimmy went to bed，relaxed. ②The police promised that they would keep the relatives of the victim informed(informed/informing) of everything about the investigation. ③He was relieved to find his son devoting(devoting/devoted) himself to his study. ④On the bank of the river，we found him lying(lying/lay) on a bench，with his eyes fixed(fixing/fixed) on a kite in the sky. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．So careless was he that he had his credit card stolen(steal) on the bus. 2．I have come back from the gallery and I’m sorry to have kept you worrying/worried(worry) about me. 3．When I arrived there，I found the volunteers handing(hand) out brochures to passers-by. 4．Seeing the café closed(close)，I had a sense of disappointment. 5．She wants her paintings displayed(display)in the gallery，but we don’t think they will be very popular. 6．His previous experience made him qualified(qualify) for the job. 7．With the baby sleeping(sleep) peacefully，she finally had some time to relax. 8．He had his chains established(establish) in every corner of the city just to do something for the locals. Ⅱ.根据汉语提示补全短文 When I arrived home，I 1.found my mother cooking(发现妈妈在烹饪) a delicious meal in the kitchen.While waiting for dinner，I 2.noticed my younger brother playing with(注意到我弟弟在玩) his toy cars in the living room.Suddenly，he accidentally knocked over a vase and 3.had it broken(把它打碎了)．After cleaning up the mess，I 4.saw a cat lying(看见一只猫躺在) on the sofa，which 5.made me surprised and delighted(让我又惊又喜)．It was the birthday present my mother bought for me.Mother told us to 6.have our homework finished(完成作业) before dinner. 作业2 [分值：74.5分] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，满分12分) 1．The dramatic landscape left the visitors enjoying(enjoy) themselves so much and they decided to stay there for another three days. 2．At last，he had his attitude towards his work changed(change) and devoted himself to making contributions to the company. 3．They adopted another way to get their apples transported(transport) to another city. 4．We should find opportunities to hear English spoken(speak) as much as possible. 5．He raised his voice to make himself heard(hear) by all the students in the classroom. 6．Without any more time given(give)，we couldn’t finish the task in three weeks. 7．The teacher noticed the students discussing(discuss) questions in groups. 8．The boy was seen crying(cry) in sorrow because of his grandma’s death. Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分) 1．这个激动人心的消息让所有的员工兴奋不已。(make＋宾语＋宾补) The dramatic news made the staff excited. 2．安排好了一切，Roy放松地去打篮球了。(with复合结构) With all arrangements made，Roy went to play basketball，relaxed. 3．当她醒来时，发现自己躺在一个陌生的房间里，身边围着七个小矮人。(find＋宾语＋宾补) When she came to herself，she found herself lying in a strange room and surrounded by seven dwarfs. 4．我看见那个被收养的男孩走进了老师的办公室。(see) I saw the adopted boy go into the teacher’s office. 5．如今，越来越多的人喜欢在网上寻找他们想要的东西，并让快递公司送货。 Nowadays，more and more people like to hunt for what they want online and have them delivered by the express company. Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2025·江苏泰州高一上期末) A new study has provided further explanation for the deaths of 350 African elephants in Botswana during 2023.It was the result of drinking from waterholes where deadly algae(藻) populations had exploded due to climate change.Elephant bodies were first found in the north-eastern part of the country between May and June 2023，but proof showed that illegal hunting was not the cause. With the help of satellite data，the researchers examined the relationship between about 3,000 waterholes and the locations of dead elephants.Their research suggested waterholes near the bodies showed increasing algal level in 2023 compared to earlier years—particularly during the period associated with the mass death event. The researchers also found that rotten(腐烂的) elephant bodies were more spread out across the landscape than the fresh，indicating that the die-off in 2023 was different from normal elephant death patterns.After drinking，elephants were thought to have walked an average of 16.5 km from the harmful waterholes and died within about 88 hours of contact. These findings suggest a high risk and possibility of algal harmful effect in these waterholes.The researchers think that the change from a very dry 2022—the driest year in a period of 10 years in the area—to an extremely wet 2023，may have led to the appearance of significant amounts of nutrients from the ground，promoting the high algal growth. Southern Africa is thought to become drier and hotter under climate change，so waterholes across this area will likely be drier for more months of the year.These findings point to the potential negative effects on water quantity and quality，and the dangers to animals.Meanwhile，the findings also show the bad need to observe carefully overall water quality across all waterbodies，including the smallest ones. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新的研究发现，2023年博茨瓦纳的350头非洲大象是由于喝了含有致命藻类的水坑里的水而死亡的，而藻类的快速生长是由气候变化导致的。 1．What is the direct cause of the elephant deaths? A．Illegal hunting. B．Disease outbreak. C．Badly polluted water. D．Terrible climate change. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“It was the result of drinking from waterholes where deadly algae(藻) populations had exploded due to climate change.”可知，大象死亡的直接原因是严重污染的水。故选C。 2．What can we learn from paragraphs 2 & 3? A．The satellite recorded each elephant’s behaviour. B．The increasing water level killed many elephants. C．Elephant bodies were mainly found beside waterholes. D．The rapid growth of algae contributed to the elephant deaths. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Their research suggested waterholes near the bodies showed increasing algal level in 2023 compared to earlier years—particularly during the period associated with the mass death event.”可知，藻类的快速生长导致了大象的死亡。故选D。 3．What does the author say about the weather in paragraph 4? A．It experienced a great change. B．It has been dry for several years. C．It was under the influence of humans. D．It remained fixed with normal rainfall. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的“The researchers think that the change from a very dry 2022—the driest year in a period of 10 years in the area—to an extremely wet 2023，may have led to...”可知，2022年是该地区近十年来最干燥的一年，而2023年又极度湿润，所以天气经历了巨变。故选A。 4．What do the findings suggest in the last paragraph? A．Water quality needs to be monitored. B．Satellite technology requires to be studied. C．The area will become more suitable for elephants. D．Waterholes will suffer serious drought throughout the year. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Meanwhile，the findings also show the bad need to observe carefully overall water quality across all waterbodies，including the smallest ones.”可知，调查结果表明水质需要监测。故选A。 B(此篇精读) (2025·广东揭阳高一上期末) The distinctive Northern Bald Ibis(秃头朱鹮)，hunted nearly to extinction by the 17th century，was brought back by raising and rewilding efforts over the last two decades.But the birds don’t know which direction to fly to migrate without wild-born elders leading the way.So a team of scientists and conservationists took on the role of parents and flight instructors. Biologist Johannes Fritz and the Waldrapp team，an Austrian conservation group，have been teaching the birds their migration paths.Since 2002，they’ve increased the Central European population from zero to nearly 300 birds，changing the species’ status from “critically endangered” to “endangered”． To prepare them for travel，the chicks are taken away，when they are just a few days old，to their human parents in the hope of “imprinting”—when the birds will bond with those humans to finally trust them along the migration route.Then the human parents sit on the back of a super light aircraft，waving and shouting words of support as it flies through the air. It’s an odd scene：The aircraft looks like a flying car with a huge fan on the back and a yellow parachute(降落伞) keeping it in the air.Still，three dozen birds follow it sailing over the Alps. Fritz，inspired by “Father Goose” Bill Lishman，who taught geese to fly alongside his ultra-light plane，leads the birds on their migration. The first successful independent migration was in 2011，and more birds have followed the 550-kilometer route each year.The team hopes to have over 350 birds by 2028，making the population self-sustaining.However，climate change has affected their migration.In response，the team piloted a new route to southern Spain in 2023，which is longer and more challenging. The entire journey to Spain could take up to 50 days and end in early October.But Fritz says，“The effort is bigger than just the Northern Bald Ibises.It’s about paving the way for other threatened migratory species to fly.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕北方秃头朱鹮这一濒危物种展开，讲述了它几近灭绝后在科学家和保护主义者团队帮助下恢复种群数量、学习迁徙路线等一系列故事。 5．What is the major challenge faced by the Northern Bald Ibises during their migration? A．Long distances. B．Absence of guidance. C．Human hunting. D．Limited resting spots. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“But the birds don’t know which direction to fly to migrate without wild-born elders leading the way.”可知，北方秃头朱鹮在迁徙过程中面临的主要挑战是没有引导。故选B。 6．Why are the birds taken away when they are just a few days old? A．To improve their flying skills. B．To show them the migration route. C．To build an emotional tie with humans. D．To test their independence from their parents. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“To prepare them...the migration route.”可知，在雏鸟出生仅几天时就将它们带走，是希望能形成 “印随效应”，让这些鸟与人类建立亲密关系，从而在迁徙途中信任人类。故选C。 7．What do the research team do during their flight? A．They shout like elder birds. B．They try new migratory routes. C．They encourage the birds to follow. D．They use an airplane to find the way. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Then the human parents sit on the back of a super light aircraft，waving and shouting words of support as it flies through the air.”可知，人类 “父母” 会坐在超轻型飞机的后座上，在飞机飞行过程中挥手并大声喊着鼓励的话语，这么做的目的就是鼓励鸟儿们跟随飞机飞行，从而引导它们认识迁徙路线。故选C。 8．What are Fritz’s words in the last paragraph mainly about? A．The worth of the conservation effort. B．The role of technology in the research. C．The need to help other migratory species. D．The promising future of wildlife migration. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Fritz说的话可知，他们所做的努力不仅仅关乎北方秃头朱鹮这一物种，更为其他受到威胁的迁徙物种的飞行铺平道路，这是凸显整个保护工作的价值所在。故选A。 [词汇积累] 1．distinctive adj.独特的；与众不同的 2．critically adv.严重地 3．pilot v．试点；试行 4．pave the way for为……铺平道路；为……做好准备 [句式分析] To prepare them for travel，the chicks are taken away，when they are just a few days old，to their human parents in the hope of “imprinting”—when the birds will bond with those humans to finally trust them along the migration route. 分析：句子的主干为：The chicks are taken away to their human parents in the hope of “imprinting”；动词不定式短语To prepare...作目的状语；第一个when引导时间状语从句；第二个when引导定语从句。 翻译：为了让它们为旅行做好准备，当雏鸟刚出生几天时，它们就会被转移到人类“父母”身边，以期实现“印随行为”——即让鸟类与人类建立联系，最终在迁徙路线上完全信任人类。 Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) (2024·湖北高一下期中) Look，let’s be honest—there’s no such thing as a “green” vacation.You’ll leave a carbon footprint，no matter what. 1 Here are a few questions to ask： Is it a B Corp? B Corps are businesses that meet a strict set of standards by the nonprofit B Lab.They include requirements for governance，workers，customers，community and the environment. 2 You’ll see some fairly well-known brands，like Intrepid Travel.But you won’t find the names of any major airlines，car rental companies or hotel chains—at least，not yet. Does the company have any other environmental certifications? Third-party certifications from Green Key，LEED and WELL can be signs that a travel company means business about the environment.Transportation companies may also offer verified certifications from organizations. 3 However，it’s a good start. 　4　 If the company claims to be green，don’t just take its word for it.Listen to what it says.If you see nothing but models on its social media channel or ads for online discounts on its site，perhaps it’s a shade of fake green.“A company’s social media strategy is generally a reflection of its current values and goals，” explained Julia Carter，founder of Craft Travel. How deep is its commitment to the environment? 5 For example，the Travel Corporation publishes an annual impact report that maps its progress against 11 sustainability goals developed by the United Nations.Many cruise lines also publish detailed reports that allow you to check their commitment to the environment against several objective standards. A．But your trip can be green-ish. B．What’s the company saying to everyone? C．How can we find a reliable company online? D．Don’t trust anything the company says to the public. E．These certifications aren’t a guarantee the company is green. F．Look for reliable reports on sustainability from a travel company. G．You can search the directory of these forward-looking companies online. 1．答案　A 解析　根据前文可知，完全环保的假期是不存在的，后文介绍了可以帮助印证旅游公司是否对环境有益的几个问题，A选项“但你的旅行可以是绿色的”与前文构成转折，表示即使实现不了“绿色”假期，旅行仍然可以是环保的，进而引出后文的问题。故选A。 2．答案　G 解析　根据本段前文可知，此处陈述了什么是B型企业，后文举例说明了B型企业。G选项“你可以在网上搜索这些前瞻性公司的名录”说明如何找到这样的公司，承前启后。故选G。 3．答案　E 解析　根据本段前文可知，可以寻找第三方认证作为旅游公司重视环境的标志。空后一句表示通过证书判断是好的开始，E选项“这些认证并不能保证公司是环保的”与空后一句形成转折，表示有证书虽然不能判断公司是否环保，但是是一个好的开始。故选E。 4．答案　B 解析　空处为本段小标题，根据本段内容可知，公司声称的并不一定是真的，应仔细聆听这些公司具体说了什么。B选项“公司对每个人说了什么”符合本段主旨。故选B。 5．答案　F 解析　根据后文可知，可以通过旅游公司发布的年度报告来核查该公司对环保的投入。F选项“从旅游公司寻找可靠的可持续发展报告”符合语境。故选F。 Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) (2024·安徽安庆高一下期中) While there is growing consumer 1. (realize) of the environmental impact of fast fashion，can the same be said about fast furniture? The chairs and tables that fill many of our homes and everyday spaces are manufactured on a mass scale，and the cheaper items often end up 2.__________ landfills. According to the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)，in 2020 over 12 million tons of furniture 3. (throw) out in America and some into the forest illegally.Buying furniture can be 4. (incredible) expensive.Many of us switch over to cheaper，instant brands,5.____________ manufacturers use materials harder to recycle，which is likely to damage the environment. With calls for sustainability 6. (grow)，many brands are announcing to change though it remains 7. (see) whether they will keep these promises.In its current sustainability strategy，a well-known furniture company commits itself to using only recyclable materials in all its products in an effort to practice “circular” design and cut emissions to net-zero.The concept of circular design 8. (win) increasing concern up to now.In 9.___________ circular system，furniture products would be designed to last longer and be fully recyclable，thus forming a 10. (close) loop(环)． 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。根据美国环境保护署EPA的数据，2020年，美国有超过1 200万吨的家具被扔掉，随着对可持续发展的呼声越来越高，许多品牌都宣布要做出改变，循环设计的概念越来越受到人们的关注。 1．答案　realization 解析　考查名词。空处应填名词作there be句型的主语，realization意为“意识”，为不可数名词，故填realization。 2．答案　in 解析　考查介词。结合空后的landfills可知，此处指“最终被扔进垃圾填埋场”，应用介词in，故填in。 3．答案　was thrown 解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语furniture和动词throw之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“in 2020”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，故填was thrown。 4．答案　incredibly 解析　考查副词。空处修饰形容词expensive，应用副词形式incredibly“非常地”，作状语，故填incredibly。 5．答案　whose 解析　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“cheaper，instant brands”，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose，故填whose。 6．答案　growing 解析　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语“calls for sustainability”与grow是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词，故填growing. 7．答案　to be seen 解析　考查非谓语动词。固定搭配remain to do sth意为“有待于做某事”，主语it指代whether引导的从句，与动词see之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用动词不定式的被动式，故填to be seen。 8．答案　has won 解析　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“up to now”可知，句子用现在完成时，主语concept是名词单数，助动词使用has，故填has won。 9．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。system是可数名词，此处表示泛指，circular的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a，故填a。 10．答案　closed 解析　考查形容词。空处修饰名词loop，应用形容词形式closed“封闭的”，作定语，故填closed。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $