Unit 1 Period 4 Developing ideas（配套教参Word）-【步步高】2025-2026学年高一英语必修第二册学习笔记（外研版·新教材）

本讲义围绕“饮食与生活方式”主题，构建从文本结构分析到细节理解、词汇短语积累、长难句解析及语法点巩固的递进学习支架，涵盖快速阅读抓主旨、仔细阅读挖细节、核心短语翻译、复合句结构分析及“the way定语从句”“no...without...”等语法知识。 资料以任务型设计融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过Fast/Careful reading任务提升信息获取与逻辑分析能力，系统讲解relate、recommend等词汇及写作应用，长难句解析培养句法思维。课中辅助分层教学，课后作业含主题微写作、语篇阅读等，助力学生巩固知识、查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

Period 4　Developing ideas Task1 Fast reading for the structure of the text. Ⅰ.Skim the passage to find out the general idea of the text by filling in the chart below. Ⅱ.Skim the passage to find out the main idea of the text. What is the main idea of the passage? A．The suggestions about what you eat. B．The suggestions about how to keep a healthy diet. C．The suggestions about improving eating habits. D．The test about “You are what you eat”． 答案　D Task2 Careful reading for the details of the text. 1．What does Jenny think of her lifestyle? A．Healthy. B．Unhealthy. C．It needs to be changed. D．She doesn’t like it. 答案　A 2．How does the construction worker feel about his mum’s homemade sausages? A．Very satisfied. B．Very tired. C．Not mentioned. D．Very disappointed. 答案　A 3．Why doesn’t the college student dare to let his mum see the photo? A．Because he is living in a shared student house. B．Because he is too busy studying and meeting friends. C．Because he needs to buy fresh food. D．Because he doesn’t have a healthy diet. 答案　D 4．What is the truth behind the saying “You are what you eat”？ A．Keep a good eating habit. B．Eat fresh，seasonal fruit and vegetables. C．Diet can reflect a person’s personality and living environment. D．A good diet is important for good health. 答案　C 5．What kind of passage is it? A．An interview. B．A story. C．A report. D．A lecture. 答案　A Task3 Translate the following phrases into English. 1．使……得到考验、检验或验证put...to the test 2．属于belong to 3．(尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于，到头来end up 4．第二天the next day 5．应季水果与蔬菜seasonal fruit and vegetables 6．抚养，养育bring up 7．选择他们自己的生活方式make their own lifestyle choices 8．建筑工人construction worker 9．几乎，差不多；大约more or less 10．去采购do a shop 11．冷冻食品frozen food 12．预制餐 ready meal 13．共住一间学生公寓live in a shared student house 14．忙于做某事be busy doing sth 15．有点，有几分kind of Task4 Analyse some long and difficult sentences. 1．Can you guess which fridge belongs to which person？(P11 Para.1) [结构分析] 本句为复合句。第一个which引导宾语从句，作guess的宾语。 [汉语翻译] 你能猜出哪个冰箱属于哪个人吗？ 2．There’s not enough room to swing a cat in my small apartment，so I don’t cook very often.(P11 Para.2) [结构分析] 本句为并列句。so连接两个并列分句，not enough room to swing a cat意为“连转身都很难”。 [汉语翻译] 我的小公寓连转身的空间都没有，所以我不常做饭。 3．Cooking together gives us a chance to relax and catch up on each other’s days.(P11 Para.3) [结构分析] 此句是简单句。动名词短语cooking together作主语，catch up意为“打听(不在时所发生的事情)”。 [汉语翻译] 一起做饭给了我们放松的机会，也让我们有机会聊聊彼此日常的情况。 4．If we have children，I want to bring them up just like us，but my husband says that everyone should be able to make their own lifestyle choices.(P11 Para.3) [结构分析] 此句是but连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中，if引导条件状语从句；第二个分句中，that引导宾语从句。 [汉语翻译] 如果有了孩子，我想按照我们的生活方式养育他们，但我丈夫说，每个人都应该有权选择自己的生活方式。 5．I still don’t think that anything can beat my mum’s homemade sausages，though.(P12 Para.4) [结构分析] 本句是复合句。I still don’t think是主句部分，that引导宾语从句；I don’t think是否定前移，从句中的否定词not转移到主句中；though是副词，常常位于句末，意为“然而，可是”。 [汉语翻译] 不过，我还是觉得什么也比不上我妈妈做的香肠。 6．Sometimes I bring home food from the restaurant where I work.(P12 Para.5) [结构分析] 此句是复合句。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词restaurant，在从句中作状语。 [汉语翻译] 有时候我会从上班的餐馆带一些吃的回家。 7．My mum says I need to have three healthy meals a day，but I’m too busy studying and meeting friends！(P12 Para.6) [结构分析] 此句是but连接的并列复合句。I need to...a day是省略that的宾语从句，作says的宾语。 [汉语翻译] 妈妈常说，每日三餐要吃得健康，但我的学习和社交生活太忙了！ related adj.有关系的，相关的(relate v．联系；使有联系；叙述，讲述 relation n．关系) [北师大版] Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.某些类型的癌症与交通污染有关。 ·be related to...与……有关系 ·relate to...涉及；与……相关；谈到；理解 relate A to B　把A与B联系起来 ·in relation to关于；与……相比 (1)It turned out that there was no relation(relate) between the two accidents. [写作佳句] (2)我经历了和你一样的痛苦，所以我非常理解你现在的感受。 Having suffered the same painful experience as you，I extremely relate to your feeling now. (3)(应用文写作之申请信)去年夏天我在一家餐馆工作，并且获得了许多相关的经验。 I worked in a restaurant last summer and earned much related experience. (4)(应用文写作之邀请信)我写信邀请你参加一个主题与中华传统文化相关的校际讨论。 I’m writing to invite you to attend a school-wide discussion，whose theme is related to traditional Chinese culture. in case 以防万一 [教材原句P7] Sometimes there are so many knives and forks that you dare not pick them up in case you get it wrong.有时候，(餐桌上)有如此多的刀叉，以至于你都不敢去拿，生怕自己拿错了。 [北师大版] Wear gloves and mouth guards in case something happens. 戴上手套和护齿器，以防发生什么情况。 in case of如果，假使；万一 in that/this case在那种/这种情况下 in any case无论如何 in no case决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装) as is often the case (with...)(对……来说)情况常常如此(as引导非限制性定语从句) [选词填空] (1)You’d better keep away from that violent dog in case it bites you. (2)You’d better take more cash with you in case of any emergency. (3)Tomorrow it may rain.In that case，you’d better take an umbrella. (4)In no case should you shout at your parents who love you forever. [写作佳句] (5)(读后续写之场景描写)与此同时，我的马被吓坏了，跳起来，疯狂地跑来跑去。我紧紧地抓住绳子，以防自己可能会从马上摔下来。 Meanwhile，with my horse getting frightened，jumping up，and running around wildly，I held the rope tightly in case I might fall off the horse. differ vi.不同，不一样，有区别(difference n．区别；差异；不同之处 different adj.不同的；分别的；各种的 differently adv.不同地；有区别地；有差异地) [教材原句P7] Table manners，however，can differ in different situations.然而，餐桌礼仪在不同的场合可能会有所不同。 [人教版] Even the gestures we use for“yes” and“no” differ around the world.甚至我们用来表示“是”和“否”的手势在世界各地也有所不同。 ·differ in在……方面不同 differ from与……不同 ·make a difference to对……起作用/有影响 ·be different from...in...在……方面与……不同 (1)(2023·全国甲)Different(differ) from traditional fables，Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. (2)Twin sisters as they are，they differ from each other in many aspects. →Twin sisters as they are，they are different from each other in many aspects. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之建议信)我衷心希望以上建议能对你的英语学习有帮助。 I sincerely hope the tips above can make a difference to your English learning. recommend v．推荐；介绍；建议；劝告(recommendation n．推荐；正式建议；求职介绍信) [教材原句P7] Highly recommended！强烈推荐！ [人教版] My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it.我的指导老师建议我报名参加高级文学课程，因为我喜欢英语而且我擅长英语。 recommend sb sth＝recommend sth to sb 向某人推荐某物 recommend sb as/to be...推荐某人为…… recommend doing sth建议做某事 recommend sb to do sth建议某人做某事 recommend that...建议……(从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略) (1)He recommended reading(read) the book before seeing the movie. (2)Learning that you are keen on Chinese literature，I’d like to recommend a book to you. →Learning that you are keen on Chinese literature，I’d like to recommend you a book. (3)I’m writing this letter of recommendation(recommend) to recommend my friend，Jimmy, as your assistant. [写作佳句] (4)我强烈建议你来北京时去尝尝北京烤鸭。 ①I strongly recommend you to try Beijing Roast Duck when visiting Beijing.(to do作宾补) ②I strongly recommend that you (should) try Beijing Roast Duck when visiting Beijing.(宾语从句) belong vi.应在(某处)；适应；合得来 [belonging n．(U)归属；(pl.)所有物；财产] [教材原句P11] Can you guess which fridge belongs to which person？你能猜出哪个冰箱属于哪个人吗？ [人教版] The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域开展合作。 ·belong to属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分 ·a sense of belonging归属感 注意：belong to 没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语时要使用doing形式。 (1)Please take all your belongings(belong) before getting off the train. (2)He was tricked into giving up a large quantity of money belonging(belong) to him. [写作佳句] (3)正是你的慷慨帮助让我快速适应新环境并获得了归属感。 It is your generous help that makes me quickly adapt to the new surroundings and get a sense of belonging. end up (尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于，到头来 [教材原句P11] I often end up saving part of my meal for the next day.到头来我常常会把一部分饭菜留到第二天吃。 [译林版] They will only end up feeling worse about themselves.他们最终只会让自己感觉更糟糕。 ·end up doing sth最终做某事 end up with...以……结束(后接表具体事物的名词) end up in...以……结束(后接抽象名词或表示地点的名词) end up as...最终成为/变成……(后接表示身份、职务的名词) end up＋adj.以……(状况)而告终 ·come to an end结束；终止 bring sth to an end使……结束；终止某事 (1)Having no time to practice，he ended up failing(fail) the driving test a second time. (2)You may end up with a stomach upset if you have too much spicy roast. (3)If he continues to engage in illegal activities，he will surely end up in prison. (4)She had always wanted to be an official in a company but ended up as a teacher. [写作佳句] (5)当太阳开始落山，森林里奇妙的冒险终于结束了。 As the sun began to set，the magical adventure in the forest finally came to an end. satisfying adj.令人满意(或满足)的(satisfy vt.使满意；使满足satisfied adj.满意的；满足的satisfaction n．满意；满足；令人满意的事) [教材原句P12] When I get back home，there’s nothing more satisfying than a big meat dinner.当我回到家时，没有什么比一顿丰盛的肉食大餐更令人满足的了。 ·satisfy one’s needs/curiosity 满足某人的需要/好奇心 ·be satisfied with...对……感到满意 be satisfied to do sth对做某事感到满意 ·to one’s satisfaction＝to the satisfaction of sb 令某人满意的是 with/in satisfaction满意地 (1)To the chef’s satisfaction，he created a satisfying recipe，with which all customers were satisfied.(satisfy) (2)Having suffered a lot of hardship，the old couple were satisfied to live(live) in the countryside. [写作佳句] (3)经过几个小时的忙碌，我把菜肴摆上餐桌，然后心满意足地看着它们。我的家人对我做的这顿美味饭菜感到很满意。 After hours of busy work，I placed the dishes on the table and looked at them with/in satisfaction.My family were satisfied with the delicious meal I cooked. convenient adj.方便的；便利的(inconvenient adj.不方便的；引起麻烦的convenience n．便利；方便；便利的事物 inconvenience n．不便；麻烦) [教材原句P12] I know we should eat more fresh fruit and vegetables，but ready meals are so convenient.我知道我们应该多吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜，但预制餐实在是太方便了。 [人教版] There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient.有无数的文章告诉我们互联网是如何让我们的生活变得更加便捷的。 ·It is convenient for sb to do sth.某人方便做某事。 ·for convenience为方便起见 at sb’s convenience在某人方便时 at one’s earliest convenience尽早；尽快 注意：convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。如表示“在你方便的时候”应用“when it is convenient for you”，而不用“when you are convenient”。 (1)While many like to join package tours for convenience，I prefer to travel on my own. (2)We are really sorry for any inconvenience(convenient) that we may have caused for you. [写作佳句] (3)(应用文写作之申请信/求助信)如果您能尽快给我回信，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could reply to my letter at your earliest convenience. (4)你明天陪我去书店方便吗？ Is it convenient for you to accompany me to the bookstore tomorrow? resist v．抵抗；抵制；克制；忍住；使不受……的伤害(resistant adj.有抵抗力的；抵制的；抵抗的resistance n．反抗；抵抗) [教材原句P14] The combination of spicy，salty，sweet and sour flavours makes Gong Bao Chicken hard to resist.辣味、咸味、甜味和酸味相互交融，使得宫保鸡丁让人难以抗拒。 [人教版] Nevertheless，I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it.然而，我将始终看到变化的积极一面，接受它，而不是抵制它。 ·resist doing sth反对做某事 can’t resist doing sth 忍不住做某事 ·be resistant to对……有抵抗力 ·resistance to/against 对……的抵抗 (1)He found it hard to resist buying(buy) these snacks advertised on TV. (2)We are devoted to researching crops which are resistant(resist) to pests and diseases. (3)Regular exercise helps build up the body’s resistance(resist) against diseases. [写作佳句] (4)(读后续写之情绪描写)听到考试结果，我忍不住笑了起来，眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。 Hearing the result of the test，I couldn’t resist laughing，with my eyes twinkling with excitement. adapt v．(使)适应，(使)适合；改写；改编(adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的adaptation n．适应；改编本，改写本) [教材原句P14] What’s more，it is easy to make and can be adapted to individual tastes.此外，它制作起来很容易，而且可以根据个人口味进行调整。 [译林版] In 1967，Disney adapted the book into a cartoon film，which is widely regarded as a classic.1967年，迪士尼将这本书改编成动画片，这部动画片被广泛认为是经典之作。 adapt (oneself) to适应 adapt A for B　将A改编为B adapt A from B　根据B改编A (1)It is said that the TV play is adapted from a novel about a famous chef. (2)Successful businesses are highly adaptable(adapt) to economic changes. (3)The audience speak highly of the film adaptation(adapt) because it is faithful to the original novel. [写作佳句] (4)(应用文写作之建议信)参加一些线上汉语口语课程会对你适应汉语的语言环境有帮助。 Taking some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt to the Chinese language environment. the way 作先行词的定语从句 [教材原句P11] As a doctor，I know I had better change the way I eat，but I just don’t have the time or the energy right now.作为医生，我知道我最好改变这种饮食方式，但我现在完全没有时间和精力。 [结构分析] 此句是but连接的并列复合句。but之前的句子中I had better change the way I eat为省略了连接词that的宾语从句，该从句中又含有省略了关系词that或in which的定语从句，先行词是the way。 ·way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略，此时关系词在从句中作状语。 ·way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which引导，作宾语时还可以省略。 ·way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接不定式或of doing sth 形式。 (1)We all speak highly of his way of dealing with the issue. [写作佳句] (2)他给我们解释的方法很简单。 The way (that/which) he explained to us was quite simple. (3)(应用文写作之倡议书)作为社会的一员，我们应该以实现零污染的方式处理垃圾。 ①As a member of society，we should deal with rubbish in the way (that/in which) we can realise zero pollution.(定语从句) ②As a member of society，we should deal with rubbish in the way to realise/of realising zero pollution.(不定式或of doing sth作后置定语) no...without... [教材原句P12] ...no family meal is complete without some form of meat. ……在我家没有一顿饭是完全没有肉的。 [结构分析] 本句使用了双重否定结构，表示肯定含义。 ·常见的双重否定结构有： no/never...without...没有……不……；除……不…… not...without...没有……就不能…… ·常见的用否定形式表示肯定意义的结构有： cannot...too...越……越……；无论怎样……也不为过 nothing/not/no...impossible... 没有……不/不可能…… (1)开车时你再怎么小心也不为过。 You can’t be too careful while driving the car. (2)如果你用心去做一件事，没有什么是不可能的。 Nothing is impossible if you put your mind into it. (3)正如谚语所说，无火不起烟。 As the saying goes，there is no smoke without fire. (4)如果没有你的慷慨帮助，我不可能度过那段痛苦的时期。 I could not have gone through that bitter period without your generous help. Ⅰ.品句猜词 1．Yesterday in a restaurant，I met an amazing waiter whose name was just on the tip① of my tongue.I accidentally bumped against the table，causing a glass to tip② over.He dealt with the spilt water with great patience.I decided to tip③ him generously.Having accepted the tip④，he even shared some tips⑤ on cooking with me. ①n.尖端　②v.弄翻；使倾斜　③v.付小费　④ n．小费　⑤n.技巧；提示 2．It was his custom to deal with everything cautiously.n.(个人)习惯 3．(2021·天津)I wrote my poems in this manner for nearly ten years before my first book was published.n.方式；方法 4．Last Sunday，I was walking in the park when I saw a bottle on the ground.I picked it up① and put it in my garbage bag.Then，I got in my car to pick up② my friend from the hospital，who was now picking up③ gradually.On the way，I turned on the radio and picked up④ a really interesting English talk show.Amazingly，I even picked up⑤ a few new English expressions.After that，we went to the supermarket.I picked up⑥ some fresh vegetables and fruit there.It was a great day filled with various pick-up moments. ①捡起，拿起　②(开车)接　③好转；恢复　④收听，接收到　⑤偶然学会　⑥购买 Ⅱ.单词拼写 1．He was standing so far away that I was unable to identify(识别) his face. 2．The new building which is under construction will be completed next month. 3．I opened the handbag and let little Tommy have a look to satisfy(满足) his curiosity. 4．It took him a while to adapt himself to the new surroundings and the customs here. 5．The classroom doors swung(摆动) open，the hallways filled up with students. 6．People from various countries lead quite different lifestyles(生活方式)． Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．I always keep my recipe books at hand in the kitchen for convenience. 2．It is recommended that this book (should) be read(read) carefully. 3．Pine tree is a plant which is resistant(resist) to cold so it is a symbol of toughness. 4．He picked up some English while he was spending his holiday in London. 5．We were going swimming，but ended up watching(watch) TV at home. 6．Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow in case I forget it. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Cold Truths Is there any truth behind the saying “You are what you eat”？ We put this to the test by asking five people 1.to talk(talk) about their lifestyles. Ellie doesn’t cook very often，and her fridge is 2.usually(usual) half empty.Often too tired to eat much，she ends up 3.saving(save) part of her meal for the next day.Some evenings，she’ll just have something quick.She knows she had better make 4.a change but doesn’t have the time or the energy now. Jenny and her husband avoid all animal 5.products(product)，meaning they have dairy-free milk or cheese and don’t eat meat.They like fresh，seasonal fruit and vegetables.Cooking together at home 6.gives(give) them a chance to relax. For Ted，nothing is more satisfying 7.than a big meat dinner after a tiring day.He thinks nothing can beat his mum’s homemade sausages. Mike is a chef 8.who/that has five children.He doesn’t do much cooking at home.They buy lots of 9.frozen(freeze) food once a week. Max lives in the shared student house.His mum tells him to have three 10.healthy(health) meals a day but he is too busy.He doesn’t really buy fresh food. 作业4 [分值：74.5分] Ⅰ.短语填空(共6小题；每小题2分，满分12分) 1．Although the test ended up(到头来) as a failure，Mary didn’t lose heart. 2．The long-distance hike put his physical endurance to the test(检验)． 3．I’m kind of(有点) tired after a long day at work，so I just want to lie down and relax. 4．He went to the local pub to catch up on(打听) the latest news about the football match. 5．The car belonging to(属于) my neighbor broke down in the middle of the road，causing a traffic jam. 6．She was brought up(抚养) in a small town by her grandparents，which gave her a strong sense of community. Ⅱ.主题微写作——传统美食(满分15分) 1．我很高兴能告诉你我和寄宿家庭一起过春节的经历。 I am so glad to tell you the experience of spending the Spring Festival with my host family. 2．自从我来到中国，我就对中国菜上瘾了。(be addicted to) I have been addicted to Chinese cuisine ever since I came to China. 3．对于许多中国家庭来说，餐桌上没有饺子的节日晚餐是不完整的。(no...without...) For many Chinese families，no festival dinner is complete without dumplings on the table. 4．现在我想和大家分享一下他们包饺子的方法。(the way作先行词) Now I’d like to share with you the way (that/in which) they make dumplings. 5．准备面团和馅料是包饺子的第一步，这是一个需要注意一些细节的过程。(动名词短语作主语) Preparing dough and filling is the first step to make dumplings，and it is a process where some details need to be paid attention to. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 Ⅲ.主题语篇阅读(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2025·江苏苏州高一上期末) Which is healthier：a pizza or a vegetable salad? That is an easy question.Now which is healthier：a pizza made by yourself or one made from the same basic ingredients(配料)，pulled out of a box in the fridge? Many people concerned with what they eat would immediately say the former，perhaps mentioning an unclear concern with “processed food”．Such food can often be delicious.And there is much to cheer about：being cheap and plentiful calories，when for most of human history they were neither.But as Chris van Tulleken’s new book，“Ultra-Processed People”，explains that cheapness and plentifulness come at a cost. Mr van Tulleken，a doctor and television presenter，tells the difference between “ultra-processed food”(UPF) and “processed food”．Almost everything people eat is processed in some form：rice is harvested，animals are butchered(屠宰)．He uses an idea proposed by Carlos Monteiro，a food scientist，describing UPF as “products of ingredients，mostly of only industrial use，made by a series of industrial processes，many requiring advanced equipment and technology”． The additives in UPF harm people in a range of ways both known and unknown.Calorie-rich but usually nutrient-poor，UPF contributes to overweight in part because its delicious taste and soft mouthfeel lead to overeating. Because this food is cheap to produce and buy，UPF replaces healthier choices，particularly for poor people.Extra weight was once a sign of wealth，but among British and American women today，overweight rates are higher at lower-income levels. Environment matters，too.People living in places where “UPF is everywhere but real food is hard to reach” could spend large amounts of time and money seeking out fresh food，but that is not how most people live.There is nothing wrong with the strange fast-food trip，but anyone who can afford to eat less UPF probably should. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了超加工食品与加工食品的区别，指出超加工食品存在危害健康、导致超重、取代健康选择等问题，建议尽量少吃这类食品。 1．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By presenting facts. B．By listing figures. C．By raising questions. D．By making comparisons. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，作者通过提出两个问题引入话题，引导读者思考加工食品与健康之间的关系。故选C项。 2．Which of the following will Mr van Tulleken probably agree with? A．UPF is delicious and healthy. B．Almost all food is processed. C．Processed food is unhealthy. D．UPF is the same as processed food. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Mr van Tulleken...animals are butchered(屠宰)．van Tulleken先生是一名医生和电视节目主持人，他告诉我们‘超加工食品’(UPF)和‘加工食品’之间的区别。人们吃的几乎所有东西都经过某种形式的加工：大米被收割，动物被屠宰”可推知，他认为几乎所有食物都经过加工。故选B项。 3．Which one is the cost of “ultra-processed food”？ A．Delicious taste and overeating. B．Soft mouthfeel and poor nutrition. C．Poor nutrition and overweight. D．Industrial processes and overweight. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Calorie-rich but usually nutrient-poor，UPF contributes to overweight in part because its delicious taste and soft mouthfeel lead to overeating.”可知，食用超加工食品的代价是营养不良和超重。故选C项。 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the “Ultra-processed food”？ A．Hopeful. B．Unclear. C．Negative. D．Positive. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。通读全文，尤其是第四段和最后一段中“There is nothing wrong with the strange fast-food trip，but anyone who can afford to eat less UPF probably should.”可知，作者提到超加工食品虽然廉价且美味，但其添加剂对健康有害，且会导致超重等问题。因此，作者对超加工食品的态度是否定的。故选C项。 B(此篇精读) (2025·安徽合肥高一上期末) Are you obsessed with staple foods like rice，noodles and bread? If you give positive answer，you may have a “carb brain(碳水脑袋)”．However，have you wondered where this obsession comes from? The answer might be embedded in our DNA，according to a study published in the journal Science. Researchers from the Jackson Laboratory and the University at Baffalo in the US analysed the genomes(基因组) of 68 ancient humans，focusing on a gene called AMY1.It is responsible for producing an enzyme(酶) called amylase，which starts breaking down complex carbohydrates(碳水化合物)，such as starch(淀粉)，in our mouths.Amylase is crucial for digesting staple foods. Humans today have multiple copies of the AMYI gene，and the research team discovered that hunter-gatherers(狩猎采集者)，who lived before the advent of agriculture 45,000 years ago，had an average of four to eight copies of the AMY1 gene.This suggests that human ancestors had a preference for starchy foods even long before they began farming. The presence of multiple copies of the AMY1 gene in these three human species indicates that this trait was inherited from a common ancestor.This means that the shared trait existed as far back as 800,000 years ago，before the different species evolved separately，according to Kwondo Kim，one of the lead authors of this study. What’s more，the analysis revealed that the number of AMY1 gene copies a person carries has significantly increased over the past 4,000 years.This rise was likely driven by natural selection as humans adapted to starch-rich diets following the shift from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture. The study provided strong proof of how humans developed the ability to convert hard-to-digest starches into easily accessible sugars，Professor Taylor Hermes at the University of Arkansas in the US told CNN. Hermes also noted that，more importantly，the new research supported an emerging theory that carbohydrates，rather than proteins，were the key source of energy that fueled the increase in human brain size over time. 5．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about? A．People who like staple foods are usually smarter. B．The gene AMY1 can only be found in Asian people. C．If you don’t have the amylase，you cannot eat staple foods. D．Whether people prefer carb foods is determined when they are born. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第一段中“However，have you...in the journal Science.(然而，你有没有想过这种痴迷从何而来？根据发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，答案可能就在我们的DNA中)”可知，前两段主要讲的是人们是否喜欢碳水化合物食物是在出生时决定的。故选D。 6．What does the study on ancient humans’ genes indicate? A．All human beings have a common ancestor. B．Farming originated from hunting and gathering. C．AMY1 gene existed long before people engaged in agriculture. D．Human species has an 800,000 years history of consuming staple foods. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，研究发现，生活在45 000年前农业出现之前的狩猎采集者平均有4到8个AMY1基因复制。这表明人类祖先早在开始农业耕作之前就对淀粉类食物有偏好。所以，对古人类基因的研究表明了AMY1基因早在人类从事农业之前就存在了。故选C。 7．What does the underlined word “convert” in paragraph 6 mean? A．Process. B．Change. C．Produce. D．Break. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“hard-to-digest starches into easily accessible sugars(将难以消化的淀粉……易于消化的糖)”可知，此处指将难消化的淀粉变成好消化的糖，故画线词意思是“变成”。故选B。 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．The Origin of Carbohydrate Foods B．The Secret of Being Smart C．Carb Love Runs Deep D．The Function of AMY1 Gene 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段并结合文章主要讨论人类对碳化水合物的喜爱源自基因可知，C选项“对碳水化合物的喜爱出于更深层次的原因”最符合文章标题。故选C。 [词汇积累] 1．be obsessed with对……着迷的 2．break down分解 3．crucial/'kruːʃl/adj.至关重要的，关键性的 be crucial for对……至关重要 4．average/'ævərɪdʒ/n.平均水平，一般水准 adj.平均(数)的 5．have a preference for偏爱；喜爱 6．evolve/i'vɒlv/v.进化 7．shift/ʃɪft/n.改变，转移；轮班 8．accessible/ək'sesəbl/adj.易懂的；易得到的 [句式分析] This rise was likely driven by natural selection as humans adapted to starch-rich diets following the shift from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture. 分析：这是一个主从复合句。as引导原因状语从句，“following the shift...agriculture”是现在分词短语作时间状语。 翻译：这种增长可能是由自然选择驱动的，因为人类在从狩猎采集生活方式转向农业后，适应了富含淀粉的饮食。 Ⅳ.七选五阅读(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) (2025·重庆黔江高一上期末) Imagine a future where we can eat meat，but no animals have been killed in the process.16% of the UK population enjoy a meat-free diet，according to statistics website Finder.com.It seems there is an appeal in lab-grown meat as an alternative to traditional meat consumption. 1 Why? One of the biggest reasons is cost.The first ever lab-grown hamburger was shown in 2013.It was created from beef cells and cost more than $300,000.Lab-grown meat production stretches from thousands to hundreds of thousands of US dollars per ounce—that’s the weight of about two chicken nuggets. 2 They “feed” the cells a combination of sugar，proteins and other nutrients are added to the cells. In 2023，US-based company Upside Foods received approval to start selling lab-grown meat. 3 So they can price it fairly compared to traditional meat.An investor in Upside Food，Lisa Feria，told Forbes magazine，“Profitability is very much years off because the biggest challenge ahead of them is whether we can make it at millions of tons a year and eventually compete with conventional meat.” 4 A 2023 study by the University of California found that the process of producing lab-grown meat could have a 4 to 25 times higher impact on global warming than beef，which is generally the highest-polluting meat.This is mostly because of the emissions(排放) needed to create “feed”． So，it seems unlikely that we’ll be eating lab-grown meat just yet. 5 A．There are also environmental costs. B．Or maybe we possibly never will eat it. C．Another reason is the traditional concept. D．This expense is partly due to the cost of raw materials. E．Besides，more and more people expect to buy lab-grown meat. F．But，despite years of expectation，this futuristic food is still not on our plates. G．In order to do this，the company has had to take on significant economic losses. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了实验室培育肉类目前面临的挑战，并分析了其未来发展前景。 1．答案　F 解析　根据上文“It seems there is an appeal in lab-grown meat as an alternative to traditional meat consumption.(实验室培育的肉类作为传统肉类消费的替代品似乎很有吸引力)”以及下文可知，选项与上文为转折关系且承接下文。故F选项“但是，尽管多年的期待，这种未来的食物仍然没有出现在我们的盘子里”切题，同时引出文章主题，故选F项。 2．答案　D 解析　根据上文“Lab-grown meat production...two chicken nuggets.实验室培育的肉的价格从每盎司(这大约是两块鸡块的重量)数千美元到数十万美元不等”可知，选项承接上文说明实验室培育的肉贵的原因。故D选项“昂贵的部分原因是由于原材料成本”切题。故选D项。 3．答案　G 解析　上文说2023年，总部位于美国的Upside食品公司获得了批准，开始销售实验室培育的肉类。下文说实验室肉类要实现盈利还需要很多年，所以销售实验室培育的肉类要面临着承担经济损失的风险。故G选项“为了做到这一点，该公司不得不承担重大的经济损失”切题。故选G项。 4．答案　A 解析　根据下文可知，本段主要在说实验室培养肉带来的环境成本。故A选项“还有环境成本”切题，为本段的标题。故选A项。 5．答案　B 解析　根据上文“So，it seems unlikely that we’ll be eating lab-grown meat just yet.(所以，我们似乎还不太可能吃到实验室培育的肉)”可知，选项与上文为并列关系说明另一种情况。故B选项“或者我们可能永远都不会吃到实验室培育的肉”切题。故选B项。 Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) (2025·湖南郴州高一上期末) Jennifer Jones,15，told friends in her class that she was feeling unwell.She then passed out in her morning PE lesson and 1. (rush) to hospital. Jennifer was found to have dangerously low blood sugar levels and was treated immediately.Her 2. (worry) parents told the doctor that their daughter skipped breakfast that day and hardly touched her dinner the night before.Fortunately，she is now out of danger.Her doctor says that she will make a full 3. (recover) in a day or two. Jennifer’s case is a reminder of the dangers of the unhealthy weight-loss habits that have become common among teenagers of both sexes.In a society where being thin is often seen 4.___________ being beautiful，teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.According to 5. recent survey of senior high school students’ lifestyles，almost one fifth of teenagers 6. (regular) skip meals，one in ten over-exercise and four per cent even take weight-loss medicine.Health 7. (expert) are concerned about these figures.They are increasing their efforts 8. (educate) teenagers about the side effects of losing weight too quickly.They have also warned them against 9. (use) such extreme methods. “These so-called ‘quick-fix methods’ prove to be harmful to teenagers.It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason why they should be worried.However，for those 10. are dangerously overweight，it is very important that they try to lose weight properly，” said an expert. 1．答案　was rushed 解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。本空与passed out是并列谓语，由passed out可知用一般过去时，主语she与rush之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，由主语she可知be动词用第三人称单数形式。故填was rushed。 2．答案　worried 解析　考查形容词。本空修饰名词parents，作定语，用形容词worried“担心的”。故填worried。 3．答案　recovery 解析　考查名词。本空作make的宾语，前面有冠词a，本空用名词，recover的名词形式为recovery“康复”。故填recovery。 4．答案　as 解析　考查介词。句意：在一个以瘦为美的社会里，青少年有时会采取极端的方法来迅速减肥。see...as...“把……看作……”，本空用介词as，符合题意。故填as。 5．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。此处泛指“最近一项关于高中生生活方式的调查”，且recent发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 6．答案　regularly 解析　考查副词。本空修饰动词skip，作状语，用副词regularly“经常地”。故填regularly。 7．答案　experts 解析　考查名词复数。本空作主语，根据后面的be动词are可知，主语是复数名词，用名词expert的复数形式experts。故填experts。 8．答案　to educate 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句谓语为are increasing，此处为非谓语动词，用不定式作目的状语。故填to educate。 9．答案　using 解析　考查动名词。本空应用动名词作介词against的宾语。故填using。 10．答案　who 解析　考查定语从句。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是those，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $