专题04 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语人教版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦选择性必修三Unit 4及高考高频词汇，以沙克尔顿南极探险语篇为语境主线，串联adversity、wage等10个核心词汇，通过词根拆解、词性变化总表等系统梳理考点，结合问题链设计引导学生自主构建“语境—词汇—考点”知识网络，提升语言理解与表达能力。 亮点在于自主学习支持与思维品质培养，如设置语境复现语法填空、知识点默写、自我检测复述模板等活动，学生可通过关联阅读和词汇升级练习诊断薄弱点，教师能依据学情数据实施分层指导，有效培养学生自主复习能力和逻辑思维层次，助力个性化备考。

专题04【语境串考点】第四单元备考学案（人教版2019） 高考高频知识点：adversity / wage / bitter / endurance / qualified / enthusiastic / abandon / genuine / perseverance / resolve （知识点来源：选择性必修三 Unit 4 · Adversity and Courage + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 7 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 10 【练习题】 10 Part 7 关联阅读 10 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 12 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 12 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 14 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 In August 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton placed an advertisement in a London newspaper seeking men for an Antarctic expedition. The ad was surprisingly honest: "Men wanted for hazardous journey. Small (wage), (bitter) cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, safe return doubtful." Despite this grim description, over 5,000 men applied, but only 28 were chosen as (qualified) crew members — men of exceptional skill and proven (endurance). All the selected men were (enthusiastic) about the adventure, though they knew that (adversity) lay ahead. When their ship, the Endurance, was crushed by ice and sank, the crew had to (abandon) it and camp on floating ice for months. Yet their (genuine) trust in Shackleton never wavered. It was their extraordinary (perseverance) that carried them through. Shackleton's unwavering (resolve) to bring every man home alive became the stuff of legend. 【中文译文】 1914年8月，欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士在一份伦敦报纸上刊登了一则南极探险队员招募广告。广告语惊人地坦诚："招募男性参与危险旅程。微薄的（wage）工资、严寒（bitter）刺骨、长达数月的完全黑暗、危险重重、安全归来希望渺茫。"尽管描述如此严峻，仍有超过5000人报名，但只有28人被选为（qualified）合格的船员——这些人技能出众、（endurance）耐力过人。 所有被选中的队员都对这次冒险充满（enthusiastic）热情，尽管他们知道前方有（adversity）逆境等着。当他们的船"坚忍号"被冰压碎沉没时，全体船员不得不（abandon）弃船，在浮冰上扎营数月。然而他们对沙克尔顿（genuine）真挚的信任从未动摇。正是他们非凡的（perseverance）毅力支撑他们走到了最后。沙克尔顿将每一名队员活着带回家的坚定（resolve）决心，成为了一代传奇。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：发布招募广告→工资微薄→严寒刺骨→挑选合格队员→耐力超群→充满热情→面临逆境→弃船→真诚信任→非凡毅力→坚定决心 记忆链：wage → bitter → qualified → endurance → enthusiastic → adversity → abandon → genuine → perseverance → resolve Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 adversity /ədˈvɜːsəti/ n. 困境；逆境 ⚡考点：in the face of adversity；adverse adj. 不利的；adversely adv. 2 wage /weɪdʒ/ n. 工资；工钱（常用复数） ⚡考点：a living wage；wage earner；辨析wage/salary/income 3 bitter /ˈbɪtə(r)/ adj. 严寒的；苦的；痛苦的 ⚡考点：bitter cold/wind；bitterly adv. 痛苦地；bitterness n. 苦涩 4 endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/ n. 忍耐力；耐久力 ⚡考点：beyond endurance；endure v. 忍受；endurable adj. 可忍受的 5 qualified /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/ adj. 有资格的；合格的 ⚡考点：be qualified for/to do；qualify v. 使合格；qualification n. 资格 6 enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热情的；热心的 ⚡考点：be enthusiastic about；enthusiasm n. 热情；enthusiast n. 爱好者 7 abandon /əˈbændən/ vt. 放弃；抛弃 ⚡考点：abandon oneself to；abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；abandonment n. 8 genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj. 真正的；真诚的 ⚡考点：genuine concern/interest；反义fake/false；genuinely adv. 9 perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力；不屈不挠 ⚡考点：with perseverance；persevere v. 坚持；persevere in doing 10 resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/ n./v. 决心；解决 ⚡考点：resolve to do；resolve a problem；resolution n. 决心/决议 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. adversity /ədˈvɜːsəti/ n. 困境；逆境 【核心考点】 adversity是困境与逆境类核心名词，读后续写精神品质话题必备。in the face of adversity（面对逆境）为经典短语。adverse adj.（不利的/有害的）→ adverse conditions/effects（不利条件/不良影响）为科学类阅读核心词。adversely adv.（不利地）→ affect...adversely（对…产生不利影响）。辨析：adversity（客观困境）vs difficulty（一般困难）vs hardship（艰难困苦）。 【词根联想】 ad-（朝向）+ vers（转，拉丁语vertere"转"）+ ity（名词后缀）→ 转向你的东西→ 逆境/厄运。联想：adversity = "转向（vers）面对（ad）你的东西"→ 人生中"迎面而来"的困难→ 逆境。同词根：adverse（不利的→转向反对你的）、reverse（反转→转回去）、universe（宇宙→万物转到一起）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"True character is not revealed in times of comfort, but in the face of adversity when everything seems to be going against you."（真正的品格不是在安逸时展现的，而是在一切似乎都在与你作对的逆境中。）（经典原句·in the face of adversity） ② "Growing up in poverty taught her how to overcome adversity and turn every challenge into an opportunity for personal growth." （经典原句·overcome adversity 克服逆境） 【搭配词块】 in the face of adversity 面对逆境 / overcome adversity 克服逆境 / adverse adj. 不利的 / adverse effect 不良影响 2. wage /weɪdʒ/ n. 工资；工钱（常用复数） 【核心考点】 wage是工资与收入类核心名词，社会话题议论文必备。a living wage（足以维持生计的工资）= minimum wage（最低工资）为政策类阅读高频搭配。wage earner（挣工资的人/工薪族）为熟词搭配。辨析：wage（按小时/周计算的体力劳动工资）vs salary（按月计算的脑力劳动薪水）vs income（总收入的统称）。 【词根联想】 源自古法语gage"抵押/担保"→ wage（作为劳动担保的报酬）。联想：wage = 劳动者用劳动作为"担保（gage）"换取报酬→ 工资。wage还可作动词表示"发动（战争/运动）"（熟词生义）：wage a war/campaign。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：vt. 发动（战争/运动）。例：The environmental group has been waging a long campaign against plastic pollution, organizing beach clean-ups and lobbying for stricter regulations.（该环保组织一直在发动一场反对塑料污染的长期运动，组织海滩清理并游说更严格的法规。） 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"Many workers in developing countries are fighting for better working conditions and a higher minimum wage that allows them to support their families."（许多发展中国家的工人正在为更好的工作条件和更高的、足以养家的最低工资而奋斗。）（经典原句·a living wage 足以维持生计的工资） ② "The young man worked two part-time jobs to earn enough wages to pay for his university tuition and living expenses." （经典原句·earn wages 挣工资） 【搭配词块】 a living wage 足以维持生计的工资 / minimum wage 最低工资 / wage earner 工薪族 / weekly wages 周薪 / wage gap 工资差距 3. bitter /ˈbɪtə(r)/ adj. 严寒的；苦的；痛苦的 【核心考点】 bitter是感官评价与情感描写类核心形容词，读后续写环境描写和情感表达必备。bitter cold/wind（刺骨的寒冷/寒风）为环境描写经典表达。bitter experience/memory（痛苦的经历/回忆）和bitterly disappointed（极度失望）为情感描写高频词。bitterness n.（苦涩/痛苦）。辨析：bitter（刺骨的/苦的/痛苦的）为多义词，需根据语境判断含义。 【词根联想】 源自古英语biter"苦的/刺痛的"→ bitter。联想：bitter的核心义是"刺激性的"→ 刺激味觉→苦的；刺激皮肤→刺骨的；刺激情感→痛苦的。同族词：bitterly（痛苦地/极其）、bitterness（苦涩/痛苦）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"The soldier still remembers the bitter winter nights he spent in the mountains during the war, when temperatures dropped to thirty degrees below zero and survival seemed impossible."（那位士兵仍记得战争期间在山区度过的那些严寒刺骨的冬夜，当时气温降至零下三十度，生存似乎不可能。）（经典原句·bitter winter 严寒的冬天） ② "Losing the championship game was a bitter experience for the team, but it motivated them to train even harder for the next season." （经典原句·bitter experience 痛苦经历） 【搭配词块】 bitter cold 刺骨的寒冷 / bitter experience 痛苦经历 / bitterly adv. 痛苦地/极其 / bitterness n. 苦涩 / a bitter lesson 惨痛的教训 4. endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/ n. 忍耐力；耐久力 【核心考点】 endurance是毅力与耐力类核心名词，体育精神与人物品质话题必备。beyond endurance（超出忍耐限度）为固定表达。endure v.（忍受/忍耐/持续）→ endure pain/hardship（忍受痛苦/艰难）为写作核心动词。endurable adj.（可忍受的）。辨析：endurance（持续忍耐的体力与精神耐力）vs perseverance（坚持目标的毅力）vs patience（耐心/不急躁）。 【词根联想】 en-（使…）+ dur（硬/持久，拉丁语durus"坚硬的"）+ ance（名词后缀）→ 使变硬持久的能力→ 忍耐力。联想：dur = "坚硬/持久"→ endurance = 让自己像钢铁一样"硬/持久"的能力。同词根：durable（耐用的→持久的）、duration（持续时间→一段硬扛的时间）、during（在…期间→持续中）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"Running a full marathon requires not just physical strength but extraordinary mental endurance to keep going when every muscle in your body is screaming for you to stop."（跑完一场全程马拉松不仅需要体力，更需要非凡的精神耐力——当全身每块肌肉都在尖叫着让你停下时，依然坚持前行。）（经典原句·mental endurance 精神耐力） ② "The long-distance swimmer's endurance was tested to the limit when she had to battle against strong ocean currents for over twelve hours before reaching the shore." （经典原句·test one's endurance 考验耐力） 【搭配词块】 beyond endurance 超出忍耐限度 / physical endurance 体力耐力 / endure v. 忍受/持续 / endure hardship 忍受艰难 / durable adj. 耐用的 5. qualified /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/ adj. 有资格的；合格的 【核心考点】 qualified是资格评价类核心形容词，求职/教育话题必备。be qualified for the job/position（胜任工作/职位）为应用文写作核心表达。be qualified to do（有资格做某事）为语法填空考点。qualify v.（使合格/具备资格）→ qualify for（有资格获得）→ qualification n.（资格/资格证书）。辨析：qualified（通过考试/认证的）vs competent（有能力胜任的）vs eligible（符合条件的有资格）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语qualis"什么样的"→ qualify（使具有某种品质/资格）+ ed（形容词后缀）→ qualified。联想：quality（品质/质量）→ qualify（使具有品质）→ qualified（具备了品质的→合格的）。同族词：quality（质量/品质）、qualification（资格/资格证书）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"With years of teaching experience and a master's degree in education, she is highly qualified to lead the new curriculum reform project at the school."（凭借多年的教学经验和教育学硕士学位，她非常有资格领导学校的新课程改革项目。）（经典原句·be qualified to do 有资格做） ② "The company is looking for a qualified engineer who can design and maintain the new automated production system that will be installed next year." （经典原句·qualified engineer 合格的工程师） 【搭配词块】 be qualified for 胜任 / be qualified to do 有资格做 / a qualified teacher 合格教师 / qualify v. 使合格 / qualification n. 资格 6. enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热情的；热心的 【核心考点】 enthusiastic是态度与情感类核心形容词，人物描写和观点表达必备。be enthusiastic about（对…充满热情）为写作高频搭配。enthusiasm n.（热情/热忱）→ with enthusiasm（热情地）→ enthusiast n.（爱好者/热心者）。辨析：enthusiastic（充满热情的积极主动）vs passionate（有强烈情感的狂热）vs eager（急切渴望的）。读后续写中enthusiastic常用于描写人物的积极态度。 【词根联想】 en-（使/进入）+ thus（神/神灵，希腊语theos"神"）+ iastic（复合形容词后缀）→ 被神灵附体的→ 充满激情的→ 热情的。联想：enthusiastic = "有神灵（thus）在心中（en）"→ 像被神灵激励一样→ 充满热情的。同根词：enthusiasm（热情→神灵在心中）、theology（神学→关于神的研究）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"The young volunteers were enthusiastic about the community garden project, spending every weekend planting vegetables and teaching local children about sustainable farming."（年轻的志愿者们对社区菜园项目充满热情，每个周末都来种菜并教当地孩子可持续农业知识。）（经典原句·be enthusiastic about 对…充满热情） ② "She received an enthusiastic response from the audience after giving her inspiring speech about overcoming personal challenges and achieving one's dreams." （经典原句·enthusiastic response 热烈反响） 【搭配词块】 be enthusiastic about 对…充满热情 / enthusiastic response 热烈反响 / enthusiasm n. 热情 / with enthusiasm 热情地 / enthusiast n. 爱好者 7. abandon /əˈbændən/ vt. 放弃；抛弃 【核心考点】 abandon是放弃与舍弃类核心动词。abandon a plan/project/attempt（放弃计划/项目/尝试）为阅读高频搭配。abandon oneself to（沉溺于/放纵于）= give oneself up to 为熟词生义考点。abandoned adj.（被遗弃的/废弃的）→ an abandoned building（废弃建筑）。辨析：abandon（完全放弃/不再回来）vs give up（停止尝试，可再捡起）vs quit（退出/辞职）。2023年全国甲卷阅读和2022年新高考Ⅱ卷完形中出现abandon。 【词根联想】 a-（到/向）+ bandon（控制/权力，源自日耳曼语bann"命令/控制"）→ 放弃对…的控制→ 放弃/抛弃。联想：abandon = "放弃（a）对某物的控制权（bandon）"→ 抛弃/放弃。同义：desert（遗弃/擅离）、forsake（抛弃/摒弃）、give up（放弃）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：abandon oneself to 沉溺于/放纵于。例：After the exam, she abandoned herself to the simple joy of reading novels for an entire weekend without any guilt.（考试结束后，她放纵自己整个周末毫无愧疚地沉浸在读小说的简单快乐中。）抛弃"焦虑"→"放纵"自己→ abandon oneself to。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（2023·全国甲卷·阅读理解）"He abandoned his family and moved abroad."（他抛弃了家人并移居国外。） ②（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·完形填空）"The team abandoned the project due to lack of funds."（由于缺乏资金，团队放弃了该项目。） ③ "Despite the fierce storm and freezing temperatures, the rescue team refused to abandon their search for the missing climbers on the mountain." （经典原句·abandon the search 放弃搜索） 【搭配词块】 abandon a plan 放弃计划 / abandon oneself to 沉溺于 / abandoned adj. 被遗弃的 / abandonment n. 放弃 / abandon hope 放弃希望 8. genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj. 真正的；真诚的 【核心考点】 genuine是真实性评价类核心形容词，议论文和人物描写必备。genuine concern/interest/care（真诚的关心/兴趣/关怀）为写作高频搭配。genuinely adv.（真正地/真诚地）。辨析：genuine（真实的/非伪造的/真诚的）vs real（客观上存在的真实）vs true（符合事实的/真正的）vs sincere（真心实意的诚挚）。读后续写中genuine smile/tears（真诚的微笑/泪水）为情感描写提分表达。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语genuinus"天生的/本来的"（可能与genu"膝盖"有关——古代父亲将新生儿放在膝盖上以示承认亲生子）。联想：genuine = "天生就有的"→ 不是伪造的→ 真正的/真诚的。同义：authentic（真品的/真正的）、sincere（诚挚的）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"A genuine friend is someone who stands by your side not only when things are going well, but also when you are going through the darkest moments of your life."（真正的朋友是不仅在你顺遂时站在你身边、更在你经历人生最黑暗时刻时依然不离不弃的人。）（经典原句·genuine friend 真诚的朋友） ② "The museum confirmed that the ancient vase was a genuine artefact from the Tang Dynasty, not a modern reproduction as some experts had previously suspected." （经典原句·genuine artefact 真品文物） 【搭配词块】 genuine concern 真诚关心 / genuine interest 真正兴趣 / genuinely adv. 真正地 / genuine smile 真诚微笑 / a genuine work of art 真品艺术品 9. perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力；不屈不挠 【核心考点】 perseverance是毅力与坚持类核心名词，读后续写精神品质升华必备。with perseverance（坚持不懈地）= persistently为叙事升华表达。persevere v.（坚持/不屈不挠）→ persevere in doing/with（坚持做某事）为写作核心动词。辨析：perseverance（坚持目标不放弃的毅力）vs endurance（持续忍耐的耐力）vs persistence（反复尝试的执着/中性或贬义）。 【词根联想】 per-（贯穿/始终）+ sever（严格/严肃，拉丁语severus"严肃的"）+ ance（名词后缀）→ 始终保持严肃认真的态度→ 毅力/坚持。联想：perseverance = "从头到尾（per）都保持严肃认真（sever）"→ 不松懈→ 毅力。同族词：persevere（坚持不懈）、perseverant（能坚持的）、severe（严厉的→同词根）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"It was through hard work and perseverance that the young scientist finally made a breakthrough discovery after ten years of failed experiments and countless setbacks."（正是通过努力和毅力，这位年轻科学家在经历了十年的失败实验和无数的挫折之后，终于取得了突破性的发现。）（经典原句·through perseverance 通过毅力） ② "Learning a new language requires patience and perseverance — you will not become fluent overnight, but every small step forward brings you closer to your goal." （经典原句·require perseverance 需要毅力） 【搭配词块】 with perseverance 坚持不懈地 / require perseverance 需要毅力 / persevere v. 坚持 / persevere in doing 坚持做 / perseverance pays off 坚持终有回报 10. resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/ n./v. 决心；解决 【核心考点】 resolve是决心与解决类核心词，议论文和读后续写必备。resolve to do（下定决心做某事）= make a resolution to do 为写作核心表达。resolve a problem/conflict（解决问题/冲突）为正式表达。resolution n.（决心/决议/解决）→ make a resolution（下决心）→ New Year's resolution（新年决心）为文化考点。辨析：resolve（坚定决心+正式解决问题）vs solve（解题/解谜的解决）vs decide（做决定的一般决定）。2024年全国乙卷语法填空考查resolve to do。 【词根联想】 re-（回/再）+ solve（解开/松开，拉丁语solvere"松开"）→ 彻底解开→ 解决/决心。联想：solve = "解开"→ re（再）+ solve（解开）→ "再次解开直到完全解决"→ resolve。同词根：solve（解决/解答）、solution（解决方案）、dissolve（溶解→分解开来）、absolute（绝对的→完全松开的→不受约束的）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（2024·全国乙卷·语法填空）"The government has resolved to take strict measures to control the rising housing prices."（政府已下定决心采取严格措施控制不断上涨的房价。） ②（经典原句）"She made a firm resolution to improve her English speaking skills by practising with native speakers for at least thirty minutes every single day."（她下定决心每天至少练习三十分钟与母语者对话来提高英语口语能力。）（经典原句·make a resolution 下决心） ③ "The two countries are working together to resolve the border dispute through peaceful dialogue rather than military confrontation." （经典原句·resolve a dispute 解决争端） 【搭配词块】 resolve to do 决心做 / resolve a problem 解决问题 / resolution n. 决心/决议 / make a resolution 下决心 / show resolve 展现决心 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 adversity adverse (adj.) adversely (adv.) adversarial (adj.) in the face of adversity / adverse effect wage waged (adj.) wager (n.) --- a living wage / wage a campaign / minimum wage bitter bitterly (adv.) bitterness (n.) --- bitter cold / bitterly disappointed / bitter experience endurance endure (v.) endurable (adj.) enduring (adj.) beyond endurance / endure hardship qualified qualify (v.) qualification (n.) unqualified (adj.) be qualified for / qualify for enthusiastic enthusiasm (n.) enthusiast (n.) enthusiastically (adv.) be enthusiastic about / with enthusiasm abandon abandoned (adj.) abandonment (n.) --- abandon a plan / abandon oneself to genuine genuinely (adv.) genuineness (n.) --- genuine concern / genuine smile perseverance persevere (v.) perseverant (adj.) persevering (adj.) with perseverance / persevere in doing resolve resolution (n.) resolved (adj.) resolute (adj.) resolve to do / make a resolution / resolve a problem Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2026山东济南·模拟）Shackleton's remarkable story shows that true leadership means staying calm and making the right decisions in the face of __________ (adverse), no matter how hopeless the situation appears to be. 2.（2026广东广州·模拟）Many workers in the early 20th century had to fight for their right to earn a fair __________ (salary) that would allow them to support their families and send their children to school. 3.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The explorers had to endure the __________ (cold) winter winds as they crossed the frozen wasteland with only basic camping equipment and limited food supplies. 4.（2026河南郑州·模拟）The marathon runner's incredible __________ (endure) allowed her to keep running even after she twisted her ankle at the halfway point of the gruelling 42-kilometre race. 5.（2026四川成都·模拟）With a PhD in marine biology and ten years of diving experience, she is more than __________ (qualify) to lead the underwater research expedition to the Great Barrier Reef. 6.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）The students were very __________ (enthusiasm) about the school's new environmental club and over two hundred signed up to join on the very first day of registration. 7.（2023·全国甲卷·阅读理解改编）Unable to complete the difficultproject within the tightthree-monthdeadline, the research team had no choice but to __________ (giveup) their original plan and start over with a new and simpler approach. 8.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）What makes a friendship truly valuable is not how often you see each other, but the __________ (true) care and support that you offer one another when times get really tough and difficult. 9.（2026江西南昌·模拟）History shows that great achievements rarelycome from talent alone; they are almost always the result of hard work, patience and __________ (stick) in the face of repeated failures and disappointment. 10.（2024·全国乙卷·语法填空改编）After months of careful thoughtand discussion, the committee finally __________ (decision) to adopt a new policy aimed at reducing the company's overall carbon footprint by fifty percent by the end of the decade. 11.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The young athlete refused to let __________ (difficulty) defeat her spirit, and she trained even harder to prove that she could compete at the very highest level of international sport. 12.（2026福建福州·模拟）To work as a flight attendant for a major international airline, you must be fully __________ (certificate) in first aid, emergency procedures and at least two foreign languages. 13.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The old sailor spoke with __________ (real) pride about the ship that had carried him safely through countless storms and across every ocean on the planet during his forty-year career at sea. 14.（2026重庆·模拟）If you want to achieve anything trulymeaningful in life, you must learn to __________ (keep) through the difficult times and never give up on yourself, no matter how many times you stumble or fall and have to get back up. 15.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The youngdoctor made a firm __________ (decide) to devote her entire career to providing free medical care for children in the poorest and most remote regions of the country. 【答案】 1. adversity 2. wage 3. bitter 4. endurance 5. qualified 6. enthusiastic 7. abandon 8. genuine 9. perseverance 10. resolved 11. adversity 12. qualified 13. genuine 14. persevere 15. resolution 【逐题解析】 1. adversity — 提示词adverse（形容词·不利的）需转名词adversity。in the face of adversity = 面对逆境。介词of后接名词。 2. wage — 提示词salary（名词·月薪）需转名词wage。a fair wage = 公平的工资。冠词+形容词+名词。wage强调体力劳动按小时/周计酬。 3. bitter — 提示词cold（形容词·冷的）需转形容词bitter。bitter winter winds = 刺骨的寒风。形容词修饰名词短语。 4. endurance — 提示词endure（动词·忍耐）需转名词endurance。incredible endurance = 难以置信的耐力。形容词+名词结构。 5. qualified — 提示词qualify（动词·使合格）需转形容词qualified。is more than qualified = 完全胜任。系动词+形容词。 6. enthusiastic — 提示词enthusiasm（名词·热情）需转形容词enthusiastic。were enthusiastic about = 对…充满热情。系表结构。 7. abandon — 提示词give up（动词短语·放弃）需转动词abandon。had no choice but to abandon = 别无选择只能放弃。不定式to后接动词原形。 8. genuine — 提示词true（形容词·真实的）需转形容词genuine。genuine care and support = 真诚的关心与支持。形容词修饰并列名词。 9. perseverance — 提示词stick（动词·坚持）需转名词perseverance。patience and perseverance = 耐心和毅力。并列名词结构。 10. resolved — 提示词decision（名词·决定）需转动词resolve的过去式。resolved to adopt = 决定采纳。过去时态，动词用过去式。 11. adversity — 提示词difficulty（名词·困难）需转名词adversity。let adversity defeat her = 让逆境击倒她。宾语从句主语用名词。 12. qualified — 提示词certificate（名词·证书）需转形容词qualified。must be fully qualified = 必须完全合格。be+副词+形容词。 13. genuine — 提示词real（形容词·真实的）需转形容词genuine。genuine pride = 发自内心的自豪。形容词修饰名词。 14. persevere — 提示词keep（动词·保持）需转动词persevere。learn to persevere = 学会坚持。不定式to后接动词原形。 15. resolution — 提示词decide（动词·决定）需转名词resolution。made a firm resolution = 下定了坚定的决心。made a +形容词+名词。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 沙克尔顿的南极探险招募广告坦诚：微薄__________（工资）、__________（严寒）刺骨、充满危险。5000人报名仅28人被选为__________（合格的）队员，需具备非凡__________（耐力）。 队员们对冒险充满__________（热情的），虽知前方有__________（逆境）。船沉后不得不__________（放弃/弃船），但对队长__________（真诚的）信任从未动摇。 正是非凡__________（毅力）支撑他们。沙克尔顿以坚定__________（决心）将所有人活着带回家。 【答案】 wage; bitter; qualified; endurance; enthusiastic; adversity; abandon; genuine; perseverance; resolve Part 7 关联阅读 In 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton placed a legendary newspaper advertisement: "Men wanted for hazardous journey. Small (wage), (bitter) cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, safe return doubtful." More than 5,000 men applied for this seemingly impossible mission, but only those who were truly (qualified) — men of exceptional physical fitness, technical skill and extraordinary (endurance) — were selected for the 28-member crew. The chosen men were all (enthusiastic) about the historic expedition, even though they fully understood that great (adversity) lay ahead of them. When the Endurance was trapped and eventually crushed by pack ice in the Weddell Sea, the crew was forced to (abandon) the ship and set up camp on the drifting ice. For months they survived in the harshest conditions on Earth, yet their (genuine) belief in their leader never once wavered. What ultimately saved all 28 men was their remarkable (perseverance) — and Shackleton's iron (resolve) to bring every single man back home alive, which he achieved against all odds after an epic 800-mile journey across the Southern Ocean in a tiny lifeboat. 1. Why did over 5,000 men apply for Shackleton's expedition despite the dangerous conditions described in the advertisement? A. They were attracted by the promise of a high salary and comfortable living conditions in the Antarctic research station. B. They believed the advertisement was exaggerating the dangers and that the journey would actually be a pleasant adventure. C. They were enthusiastic about the challenge and the opportunity to be part of a historic expedition led by a famous explorer. D. They were forced to apply by the British government as part of a national programme to explore unknown regions of the Antarctic. 2. What forced the crew to abandon their ship, the Endurance? A. The ship ran out of fuel and could no longer continue the journey through the increasingly heavy ice. B. The crew decided to abandon ship voluntarily because they wanted to set up a permanent camp on the ice instead. C. The ship was trapped and eventually crushed by pack ice, making it impossible to stay on board any longer. D. A terrible storm damaged the ship's engine and communication equipment beyond any possibility of repair and rescue. 3. What does the author suggest was the most important factor in saving all 28 crew members? A. The crew's luck in finding an abandoned research station with enough food and supplies to last the entire winter. B. The crew's remarkable perseverance and Shackleton's iron resolve to bring every man home alive. C. The help they received from local Antarctic wildlife such as seals and penguins that provided food and warmth. D. The advanced navigation equipment that allowed them to send emergency signals to passing ships in the area. 4. Which of the following best describes the main theme of this passage? A. The importance of modern technology and advanced equipment in ensuring the safety of explorers in dangerous environments. B. The value of courage, endurance, and unwavering determination in overcoming seemingly impossible challenges. C. The dangers of exploring unknown territories without proper preparation and the lessons that future explorers should learn. D. The conflict between personal ambition and team safety that arises when a leader makes dangerous decisions during an expedition. 参考答案与高考标准解析 答案：1.C 2.C 3.B 4.B 第1题（细节理解题·高考核心）：首段使用wage/bitter/qualified/endurance四个目标词描绘探险招募条件，第二段以enthusiastic一词点明队员态度。over 5,000 men applied和enthusiastic about the historic expedition形成因果呼应——不是因为高薪或舒适，而是因为对挑战的热情。选项C将"enthusiastic about the challenge"和"historic expedition"融合。A项与small wage矛盾；B项对广告描述的质疑与全文一致的真实性基调不符；D项政府强制在文中无依据。 第2题（因果判断题·高考高频）：第二段使用adversity和abandon两个目标词描述探险的转折。the Endurance was trapped and eventually crushed by pack ice...the crew was forced to abandon the ship构成完整的因果链。abandon意为"放弃/弃船"，forced to表明是被迫而非自愿。选项C完整还原"被困→压碎→被迫弃船"的事件逻辑。A项燃油耗尽与文中所给原因不符；B项自愿弃船与forced矛盾；D项暴风雨损坏在文中无提及。 第3题（观点态度题·高考核心）：第二段末句用perseverance和resolve两个目标词直接回答"什么拯救了所有人"——全体船员的非凡毅力和队长的铁一般决心。saved all 28 men = remarkable perseverance + iron resolve。选项B将两个要素融合为courage、endurance和determination的统一表述。A项废弃研究站补给在文中无提及；C项野生动物帮助未被作者归为最关键因素；D项先进设备与1914年历史语境不符。 第4题（主旨大意题·高考压轴）：全文10个目标词均匀分布于两段，构建了"招募筛选→逆境弃船→毅力决心→全员生还"的叙事弧线。选项B将courage（对应enthusiastic赴险的勇气）、endurance（对应qualified筛选出的耐力与bitter严寒中的坚守）、unwavering determination（对应perseverance毅力+resolve决心）融为一体，精准概括全文"在绝境中不屈不挠"的精神主题。A项现代技术非本文焦点；C项教训反思与本文的正面讴歌基调不符；D项领导与团队矛盾与genuine trust的描写对立。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：wage, bitter, qualified, endurance, enthusiastic, adversity, abandon, genuine, perseverance, resolve Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. adversity — __________ 2. wage — __________ 3. bitter — __________ 4. endurance — __________ 5. qualified — __________ 6. enthusiastic — __________ 7. abandon — __________ 8. genuine — __________ 9. perseverance — __________ 10. resolve — __________ 11. adverse — __________ 12. qualification — __________ 13. enthusiasm — __________ 14. resolution — __________ 15. persevere — __________ 16. genuinely — __________ 17. abandonment — __________ 18. endurance test — __________ 19. make a resolution — __________ 20. in the face of adversity — __________ 【参考答案】 1. 逆境；困境 2. 工资；工钱 3. 严寒的；苦的；痛苦的 4. 耐力；忍耐力 5. 合格的；有资格的 6. 热情的；热心的 7. 放弃；抛弃 8. 真诚的；真正的 9. 毅力；不屈不挠 10. 决心；解决 11. 不利的（形容词） 12. 资格（名词） 13. 热情（名词） 14. 决心；决议（名词） 15. 坚持（动词） 16. 真正地（副词） 17. 放弃（名词） 18. 耐力测试（短语） 19. 下决心（短语） 20. 面对逆境（短语） Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. True strength is not about never falling down, but about getting back up every time you face difficulties and hardship in your life. → True strength is not about never falling down, but about getting back up every time you face __________ in your life. 2. Many workers in the factory went on strike demanding higher pay and better working conditions after negotiations with management failed. → Many workers in the factory went on strike demanding higher __________ and better working conditions after negotiations with management failed. 3. The mountain climbers had to battle against freezing and extremely cold winds as they made their final push towards the summit of Mount Everest. → The mountain climbers had to battle against __________ winds as they made their final push towards the summit of Mount Everest. 4. The triathlon is a sport that tests not just physical strength but also your ability to keep going when your body wants to give up. → The triathlon is a sport that tests not just physical strength but also your __________ when your body wants to give up. 5. With over ten years of experience in the field, she is certainly able and suitable for the position of head of the research and development department. → With over ten years of experience in the field, she is certainly __________ for the position of head of the research and development department. 6. The young volunteers showed great excitement and interest about the tree-planting project organised by the local environmental protection society. → The young volunteers were __________ about the tree-planting project organised by the local environmental protection society. 7. Due to the worsening weather and lack of food supplies deep in the mountains, the search team had no choice but to give up theiroriginal rescue plan. → Due to the worsening weather and lack of food supplies deep in the mountains, the search team had no choice but to __________ their original rescue plan. 8. What makes a leader truly great is not their title or authority, but the real and sincere care they show for every member of their team. → What makes a leader truly great is not their title or authority, but the __________ care they show for every member of their team. 9. Success does not come to the most talented people but to those who show consistent effort and the determination never to give up on their goals. → Success does not come to the most talented people but to those who show consistent effort and __________ on their goals. 10. After weeks of careful discussion and debate, the student union finally made a firm decision to organise a campus-wide charity event for the flooded areas. → After weeks of careful discussion and debate, the student union finally made a firm __________ to organise a campus-wide charity event for the flooded areas. 【答案】 1. adversity 2. wages 3. bitter 4. endurance 5. qualified 6. enthusiastic 7. abandon 8. genuine 9. perseverance 10. resolution Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用10个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：wage → bitter → qualified → endurance → enthusiastic → adversity → abandon → genuine → perseverance → resolve 复述模板（填空）： 沙克尔顿的招募广告坦诚：微薄__________（工资）、__________（严寒）刺骨。5000多人报名，仅28名__________（合格的）队员入选，需非凡__________（耐力）。 队员们__________（热情的）迎接挑战，虽知前方有__________（逆境）。船被冰压碎，被迫__________（放弃/弃船）。__________（真诚的）信任从未动摇。 非凡__________（毅力）支撑全体队员。队长以坚定__________（决心）将所有人活着带回家。 你的复述： ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：wage; bitter; qualified; endurance; enthusiastic; adversity; abandon; genuine; perseverance; resolve 复述模板参考版本： In 1914, Shackleton placed an ad seeking men for a hazardous Antarctic expedition — small wages, bitter cold, constant danger. Over 5,000 applied, but only 28 qualified men of exceptional endurance were selected. The chosen crew were enthusiastic about the adventure, though they knew great adversity lay ahead. When their ship was crushed by ice, they were forced to abandon it and camp on drifting ice for months. Yet their genuine trust in Shackleton never wavered. It was their remarkable perseverance and Shackleton's iron resolve that ultimately brought every single man home alive against all imaginable odds. $专题04【语境串考点】第四单元备考学案（人教版2019） 高考高频知识点：adversity / wage / bitter / endurance / qualified / enthusiastic / abandon / genuine / perseverance / resolve （知识点来源：选择性必修三 Unit 4 · Adversity and Courage + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 7 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 8 【练习题】 8 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 9 【练习题】 9 Part 7 关联阅读 9 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 10 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 In August 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton placed an advertisement in a London newspaper seeking men for an Antarctic expedition. The ad was surprisingly honest: "Men wanted for hazardous journey. Small (wage), (bitter) cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, safe return doubtful." Despite this grim description, over 5,000 men applied, but only 28 were chosen as (qualified) crew members — men of exceptional skill and proven (endurance). All the selected men were (enthusiastic) about the adventure, though they knew that (adversity) lay ahead. When their ship, the Endurance, was crushed by ice and sank, the crew had to (abandon) it and camp on floating ice for months. Yet their (genuine) trust in Shackleton never wavered. It was their extraordinary (perseverance) that carried them through. Shackleton's unwavering (resolve) to bring every man home alive became the stuff of legend. 【中文译文】 1914年8月，欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士在一份伦敦报纸上刊登了一则南极探险队员招募广告。广告语惊人地坦诚："招募男性参与危险旅程。微薄的（wage）工资、严寒（bitter）刺骨、长达数月的完全黑暗、危险重重、安全归来希望渺茫。"尽管描述如此严峻，仍有超过5000人报名，但只有28人被选为（qualified）合格的船员——这些人技能出众、（endurance）耐力过人。 所有被选中的队员都对这次冒险充满（enthusiastic）热情，尽管他们知道前方有（adversity）逆境等着。当他们的船"坚忍号"被冰压碎沉没时，全体船员不得不（abandon）弃船，在浮冰上扎营数月。然而他们对沙克尔顿（genuine）真挚的信任从未动摇。正是他们非凡的（perseverance）毅力支撑他们走到了最后。沙克尔顿将每一名队员活着带回家的坚定（resolve）决心，成为了一代传奇。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：发布招募广告→工资微薄→严寒刺骨→挑选合格队员→耐力超群→充满热情→面临逆境→弃船→真诚信任→非凡毅力→坚定决心 记忆链：wage → bitter → qualified → endurance → enthusiastic → adversity → abandon → genuine → perseverance → resolve Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 adversity /ədˈvɜːsəti/ n. 困境；逆境 ⚡考点：in the face of adversity；adverse adj. 不利的；adversely adv. 2 wage /weɪdʒ/ n. 工资；工钱（常用复数） ⚡考点：a living wage；wage earner；辨析wage/salary/income 3 bitter /ˈbɪtə(r)/ adj. 严寒的；苦的；痛苦的 ⚡考点：bitter cold/wind；bitterly adv. 痛苦地；bitterness n. 苦涩 4 endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/ n. 忍耐力；耐久力 ⚡考点：beyond endurance；endure v. 忍受；endurable adj. 可忍受的 5 qualified /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/ adj. 有资格的；合格的 ⚡考点：be qualified for/to do；qualify v. 使合格；qualification n. 资格 6 enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热情的；热心的 ⚡考点：be enthusiastic about；enthusiasm n. 热情；enthusiast n. 爱好者 7 abandon /əˈbændən/ vt. 放弃；抛弃 ⚡考点：abandon oneself to；abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；abandonment n. 8 genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj. 真正的；真诚的 ⚡考点：genuine concern/interest；反义fake/false；genuinely adv. 9 perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力；不屈不挠 ⚡考点：with perseverance；persevere v. 坚持；persevere in doing 10 resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/ n./v. 决心；解决 ⚡考点：resolve to do；resolve a problem；resolution n. 决心/决议 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. adversity /ədˈvɜːsəti/ n. 困境；逆境 【核心考点】 adversity是困境与逆境类核心名词，读后续写精神品质话题必备。in the face of adversity（面对逆境）为经典短语。adverse adj.（不利的/有害的）→ adverse conditions/effects（不利条件/不良影响）为科学类阅读核心词。adversely adv.（不利地）→ affect...adversely（对…产生不利影响）。辨析：adversity（客观困境）vs difficulty（一般困难）vs hardship（艰难困苦）。 【词根联想】 ad-（朝向）+ vers（转，拉丁语vertere"转"）+ ity（名词后缀）→ 转向你的东西→ 逆境/厄运。联想：adversity = "转向（vers）面对（ad）你的东西"→ 人生中"迎面而来"的困难→ 逆境。同词根：adverse（不利的→转向反对你的）、reverse（反转→转回去）、universe（宇宙→万物转到一起）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"True character is not revealed in times of comfort, but in the face of adversity when everything seems to be going against you."（真正的品格不是在安逸时展现的，而是在一切似乎都在与你作对的逆境中。）（经典原句·in the face of adversity） ② "Growing up in poverty taught her how to overcome adversity and turn every challenge into an opportunity for personal growth." （经典原句·overcome adversity 克服逆境） 【搭配词块】 in the face of adversity 面对逆境 / overcome adversity 克服逆境 / adverse adj. 不利的 / adverse effect 不良影响 2. wage /weɪdʒ/ n. 工资；工钱（常用复数） 【核心考点】 wage是工资与收入类核心名词，社会话题议论文必备。a living wage（足以维持生计的工资）= minimum wage（最低工资）为政策类阅读高频搭配。wage earner（挣工资的人/工薪族）为熟词搭配。辨析：wage（按小时/周计算的体力劳动工资）vs salary（按月计算的脑力劳动薪水）vs income（总收入的统称）。 【词根联想】 源自古法语gage"抵押/担保"→ wage（作为劳动担保的报酬）。联想：wage = 劳动者用劳动作为"担保（gage）"换取报酬→ 工资。wage还可作动词表示"发动（战争/运动）"（熟词生义）：wage a war/campaign。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：vt. 发动（战争/运动）。例：The environmental group has been waging a long campaign against plastic pollution, organizing beach clean-ups and lobbying for stricter regulations.（该环保组织一直在发动一场反对塑料污染的长期运动，组织海滩清理并游说更严格的法规。） 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"Many workers in developing countries are fighting for better working conditions and a higher minimum wage that allows them to support their families."（许多发展中国家的工人正在为更好的工作条件和更高的、足以养家的最低工资而奋斗。）（经典原句·a living wage 足以维持生计的工资） ② "The young man worked two part-time jobs to earn enough wages to pay for his university tuition and living expenses." （经典原句·earn wages 挣工资） 【搭配词块】 a living wage 足以维持生计的工资 / minimum wage 最低工资 / wage earner 工薪族 / weekly wages 周薪 / wage gap 工资差距 3. bitter /ˈbɪtə(r)/ adj. 严寒的；苦的；痛苦的 【核心考点】 bitter是感官评价与情感描写类核心形容词，读后续写环境描写和情感表达必备。bitter cold/wind（刺骨的寒冷/寒风）为环境描写经典表达。bitter experience/memory（痛苦的经历/回忆）和bitterly disappointed（极度失望）为情感描写高频词。bitterness n.（苦涩/痛苦）。辨析：bitter（刺骨的/苦的/痛苦的）为多义词，需根据语境判断含义。 【词根联想】 源自古英语biter"苦的/刺痛的"→ bitter。联想：bitter的核心义是"刺激性的"→ 刺激味觉→苦的；刺激皮肤→刺骨的；刺激情感→痛苦的。同族词：bitterly（痛苦地/极其）、bitterness（苦涩/痛苦）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"The soldier still remembers the bitter winter nights he spent in the mountains during the war, when temperatures dropped to thirty degrees below zero and survival seemed impossible."（那位士兵仍记得战争期间在山区度过的那些严寒刺骨的冬夜，当时气温降至零下三十度，生存似乎不可能。）（经典原句·bitter winter 严寒的冬天） ② "Losing the championship game was a bitter experience for the team, but it motivated them to train even harder for the next season." （经典原句·bitter experience 痛苦经历） 【搭配词块】 bitter cold 刺骨的寒冷 / bitter experience 痛苦经历 / bitterly adv. 痛苦地/极其 / bitterness n. 苦涩 / a bitter lesson 惨痛的教训 4. endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/ n. 忍耐力；耐久力 【核心考点】 endurance是毅力与耐力类核心名词，体育精神与人物品质话题必备。beyond endurance（超出忍耐限度）为固定表达。endure v.（忍受/忍耐/持续）→ endure pain/hardship（忍受痛苦/艰难）为写作核心动词。endurable adj.（可忍受的）。辨析：endurance（持续忍耐的体力与精神耐力）vs perseverance（坚持目标的毅力）vs patience（耐心/不急躁）。 【词根联想】 en-（使…）+ dur（硬/持久，拉丁语durus"坚硬的"）+ ance（名词后缀）→ 使变硬持久的能力→ 忍耐力。联想：dur = "坚硬/持久"→ endurance = 让自己像钢铁一样"硬/持久"的能力。同词根：durable（耐用的→持久的）、duration（持续时间→一段硬扛的时间）、during（在…期间→持续中）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"Running a full marathon requires not just physical strength but extraordinary mental endurance to keep going when every muscle in your body is screaming for you to stop."（跑完一场全程马拉松不仅需要体力，更需要非凡的精神耐力——当全身每块肌肉都在尖叫着让你停下时，依然坚持前行。）（经典原句·mental endurance 精神耐力） ② "The long-distance swimmer's endurance was tested to the limit when she had to battle against strong ocean currents for over twelve hours before reaching the shore." （经典原句·test one's endurance 考验耐力） 【搭配词块】 beyond endurance 超出忍耐限度 / physical endurance 体力耐力 / endure v. 忍受/持续 / endure hardship 忍受艰难 / durable adj. 耐用的 5. qualified /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/ adj. 有资格的；合格的 【核心考点】 qualified是资格评价类核心形容词，求职/教育话题必备。be qualified for the job/position（胜任工作/职位）为应用文写作核心表达。be qualified to do（有资格做某事）为语法填空考点。qualify v.（使合格/具备资格）→ qualify for（有资格获得）→ qualification n.（资格/资格证书）。辨析：qualified（通过考试/认证的）vs competent（有能力胜任的）vs eligible（符合条件的有资格）。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语qualis"什么样的"→ qualify（使具有某种品质/资格）+ ed（形容词后缀）→ qualified。联想：quality（品质/质量）→ qualify（使具有品质）→ qualified（具备了品质的→合格的）。同族词：quality（质量/品质）、qualification（资格/资格证书）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"With years of teaching experience and a master's degree in education, she is highly qualified to lead the new curriculum reform project at the school."（凭借多年的教学经验和教育学硕士学位，她非常有资格领导学校的新课程改革项目。）（经典原句·be qualified to do 有资格做） ② "The company is looking for a qualified engineer who can design and maintain the new automated production system that will be installed next year." （经典原句·qualified engineer 合格的工程师） 【搭配词块】 be qualified for 胜任 / be qualified to do 有资格做 / a qualified teacher 合格教师 / qualify v. 使合格 / qualification n. 资格 6. enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj. 热情的；热心的 【核心考点】 enthusiastic是态度与情感类核心形容词，人物描写和观点表达必备。be enthusiastic about（对…充满热情）为写作高频搭配。enthusiasm n.（热情/热忱）→ with enthusiasm（热情地）→ enthusiast n.（爱好者/热心者）。辨析：enthusiastic（充满热情的积极主动）vs passionate（有强烈情感的狂热）vs eager（急切渴望的）。读后续写中enthusiastic常用于描写人物的积极态度。 【词根联想】 en-（使/进入）+ thus（神/神灵，希腊语theos"神"）+ iastic（复合形容词后缀）→ 被神灵附体的→ 充满激情的→ 热情的。联想：enthusiastic = "有神灵（thus）在心中（en）"→ 像被神灵激励一样→ 充满热情的。同根词：enthusiasm（热情→神灵在心中）、theology（神学→关于神的研究）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"The young volunteers were enthusiastic about the community garden project, spending every weekend planting vegetables and teaching local children about sustainable farming."（年轻的志愿者们对社区菜园项目充满热情，每个周末都来种菜并教当地孩子可持续农业知识。）（经典原句·be enthusiastic about 对…充满热情） ② "She received an enthusiastic response from the audience after giving her inspiring speech about overcoming personal challenges and achieving one's dreams." （经典原句·enthusiastic response 热烈反响） 【搭配词块】 be enthusiastic about 对…充满热情 / enthusiastic response 热烈反响 / enthusiasm n. 热情 / with enthusiasm 热情地 / enthusiast n. 爱好者 7. abandon /əˈbændən/ vt. 放弃；抛弃 【核心考点】 abandon是放弃与舍弃类核心动词。abandon a plan/project/attempt（放弃计划/项目/尝试）为阅读高频搭配。abandon oneself to（沉溺于/放纵于）= give oneself up to 为熟词生义考点。abandoned adj.（被遗弃的/废弃的）→ an abandoned building（废弃建筑）。辨析：abandon（完全放弃/不再回来）vs give up（停止尝试，可再捡起）vs quit（退出/辞职）。2023年全国甲卷阅读和2022年新高考Ⅱ卷完形中出现abandon。 【词根联想】 a-（到/向）+ bandon（控制/权力，源自日耳曼语bann"命令/控制"）→ 放弃对…的控制→ 放弃/抛弃。联想：abandon = "放弃（a）对某物的控制权（bandon）"→ 抛弃/放弃。同义：desert（遗弃/擅离）、forsake（抛弃/摒弃）、give up（放弃）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：abandon oneself to 沉溺于/放纵于。例：After the exam, she abandoned herself to the simple joy of reading novels for an entire weekend without any guilt.（考试结束后，她放纵自己整个周末毫无愧疚地沉浸在读小说的简单快乐中。）抛弃"焦虑"→"放纵"自己→ abandon oneself to。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（2023·全国甲卷·阅读理解）"He abandoned his family and moved abroad."（他抛弃了家人并移居国外。） ②（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·完形填空）"The team abandoned the project due to lack of funds."（由于缺乏资金，团队放弃了该项目。） ③ "Despite the fierce storm and freezing temperatures, the rescue team refused to abandon their search for the missing climbers on the mountain." （经典原句·abandon the search 放弃搜索） 【搭配词块】 abandon a plan 放弃计划 / abandon oneself to 沉溺于 / abandoned adj. 被遗弃的 / abandonment n. 放弃 / abandon hope 放弃希望 8. genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj. 真正的；真诚的 【核心考点】 genuine是真实性评价类核心形容词，议论文和人物描写必备。genuine concern/interest/care（真诚的关心/兴趣/关怀）为写作高频搭配。genuinely adv.（真正地/真诚地）。辨析：genuine（真实的/非伪造的/真诚的）vs real（客观上存在的真实）vs true（符合事实的/真正的）vs sincere（真心实意的诚挚）。读后续写中genuine smile/tears（真诚的微笑/泪水）为情感描写提分表达。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语genuinus"天生的/本来的"（可能与genu"膝盖"有关——古代父亲将新生儿放在膝盖上以示承认亲生子）。联想：genuine = "天生就有的"→ 不是伪造的→ 真正的/真诚的。同义：authentic（真品的/真正的）、sincere（诚挚的）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"A genuine friend is someone who stands by your side not only when things are going well, but also when you are going through the darkest moments of your life."（真正的朋友是不仅在你顺遂时站在你身边、更在你经历人生最黑暗时刻时依然不离不弃的人。）（经典原句·genuine friend 真诚的朋友） ② "The museum confirmed that the ancient vase was a genuine artefact from the Tang Dynasty, not a modern reproduction as some experts had previously suspected." （经典原句·genuine artefact 真品文物） 【搭配词块】 genuine concern 真诚关心 / genuine interest 真正兴趣 / genuinely adv. 真正地 / genuine smile 真诚微笑 / a genuine work of art 真品艺术品 9. perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n. 毅力；不屈不挠 【核心考点】 perseverance是毅力与坚持类核心名词，读后续写精神品质升华必备。with perseverance（坚持不懈地）= persistently为叙事升华表达。persevere v.（坚持/不屈不挠）→ persevere in doing/with（坚持做某事）为写作核心动词。辨析：perseverance（坚持目标不放弃的毅力）vs endurance（持续忍耐的耐力）vs persistence（反复尝试的执着/中性或贬义）。 【词根联想】 per-（贯穿/始终）+ sever（严格/严肃，拉丁语severus"严肃的"）+ ance（名词后缀）→ 始终保持严肃认真的态度→ 毅力/坚持。联想：perseverance = "从头到尾（per）都保持严肃认真（sever）"→ 不松懈→ 毅力。同族词：persevere（坚持不懈）、perseverant（能坚持的）、severe（严厉的→同词根）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（经典原句）"It was through hard work and perseverance that the young scientist finally made a breakthrough discovery after ten years of failed experiments and countless setbacks."（正是通过努力和毅力，这位年轻科学家在经历了十年的失败实验和无数的挫折之后，终于取得了突破性的发现。）（经典原句·through perseverance 通过毅力） ② "Learning a new language requires patience and perseverance — you will not become fluent overnight, but every small step forward brings you closer to your goal." （经典原句·require perseverance 需要毅力） 【搭配词块】 with perseverance 坚持不懈地 / require perseverance 需要毅力 / persevere v. 坚持 / persevere in doing 坚持做 / perseverance pays off 坚持终有回报 10. resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/ n./v. 决心；解决 【核心考点】 resolve是决心与解决类核心词，议论文和读后续写必备。resolve to do（下定决心做某事）= make a resolution to do 为写作核心表达。resolve a problem/conflict（解决问题/冲突）为正式表达。resolution n.（决心/决议/解决）→ make a resolution（下决心）→ New Year's resolution（新年决心）为文化考点。辨析：resolve（坚定决心+正式解决问题）vs solve（解题/解谜的解决）vs decide（做决定的一般决定）。2024年全国乙卷语法填空考查resolve to do。 【词根联想】 re-（回/再）+ solve（解开/松开，拉丁语solvere"松开"）→ 彻底解开→ 解决/决心。联想：solve = "解开"→ re（再）+ solve（解开）→ "再次解开直到完全解决"→ resolve。同词根：solve（解决/解答）、solution（解决方案）、dissolve（溶解→分解开来）、absolute（绝对的→完全松开的→不受约束的）。 【真题原句 / 经典原句】 ①（2024·全国乙卷·语法填空）"The government has resolved to take strict measures to control the rising housing prices."（政府已下定决心采取严格措施控制不断上涨的房价。） ②（经典原句）"She made a firm resolution to improve her English speaking skills by practising with native speakers for at least thirty minutes every single day."（她下定决心每天至少练习三十分钟与母语者对话来提高英语口语能力。）（经典原句·make a resolution 下决心） ③ "The two countries are working together to resolve the border dispute through peaceful dialogue rather than military confrontation." （经典原句·resolve a dispute 解决争端） 【搭配词块】 resolve to do 决心做 / resolve a problem 解决问题 / resolution n. 决心/决议 / make a resolution 下决心 / show resolve 展现决心 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 adversity adverse (adj.) adversely (adv.) adversarial (adj.) in the face of adversity / adverse effect wage waged (adj.) wager (n.) --- a living wage / wage a campaign / minimum wage bitter bitterly (adv.) bitterness (n.) --- bitter cold / bitterly disappointed / bitter experience endurance endure (v.) endurable (adj.) enduring (adj.) beyond endurance / endure hardship qualified qualify (v.) qualification (n.) unqualified (adj.) be qualified for / qualify for enthusiastic enthusiasm (n.) enthusiast (n.) enthusiastically (adv.) be enthusiastic about / with enthusiasm abandon abandoned (adj.) abandonment (n.) --- abandon a plan / abandon oneself to genuine genuinely (adv.) genuineness (n.) --- genuine concern / genuine smile perseverance persevere (v.) perseverant (adj.) persevering (adj.) with perseverance / persevere in doing resolve resolution (n.) resolved (adj.) resolute (adj.) resolve to do / make a resolution / resolve a problem Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2026山东济南·模拟）Shackleton's remarkable story shows that true leadership means staying calm and making the right decisions in the face of __________ (adverse), no matter how hopeless the situation appears to be. 2.（2026广东广州·模拟）Many workers in the early 20th century had to fight for their right to earn a fair __________ (salary) that would allow them to support their families and send their children to school. 3.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The explorers had to endure the __________ (cold) winter winds as they crossed the frozen wasteland with only basic camping equipment and limited food supplies. 4.（2026河南郑州·模拟）The marathon runner's incredible __________ (endure) allowed her to keep running even after she twisted her ankle at the halfway point of the gruelling 42-kilometre race. 5.（2026四川成都·模拟）With a PhD in marine biology and ten years of diving experience, she is more than __________ (qualify) to lead the underwater research expedition to the Great Barrier Reef. 6.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）The students were very __________ (enthusiasm) about the school's new environmental club and over two hundred signed up to join on the very first day of registration. 7.（2023·全国甲卷·阅读理解改编）Unable to complete the difficultproject within the tightthree-monthdeadline, the research team had no choice but to __________ (giveup) their original plan and start over with a new and simpler approach. 8.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）What makes a friendship truly valuable is not how often you see each other, but the __________ (true) care and support that you offer one another when times get really tough and difficult. 9.（2026江西南昌·模拟）History shows that great achievements rarelycome from talent alone; they are almost always the result of hard work, patience and __________ (stick) in the face of repeated failures and disappointment. 10.（2024·全国乙卷·语法填空改编）After months of careful thoughtand discussion, the committee finally __________ (decision) to adopt a new policy aimed at reducing the company's overall carbon footprint by fifty percent by the end of the decade. 11.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）The young athlete refused to let __________ (difficulty) defeat her spirit, and she trained even harder to prove that she could compete at the very highest level of international sport. 12.（2026福建福州·模拟）To work as a flight attendant for a major international airline, you must be fully __________ (certificate) in first aid, emergency procedures and at least two foreign languages. 13.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The old sailor spoke with __________ (real) pride about the ship that had carried him safely through countless storms and across every ocean on the planet during his forty-year career at sea. 14.（2026重庆·模拟）If you want to achieve anything trulymeaningful in life, you must learn to __________ (keep) through the difficult times and never give up on yourself, no matter how many times you stumble or fall and have to get back up. 15.（2026江苏南京·模拟）The youngdoctor made a firm __________ (decide) to devote her entire career to providing free medical care for children in the poorest and most remote regions of the country. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 沙克尔顿的南极探险招募广告坦诚：微薄__________（工资）、__________（严寒）刺骨、充满危险。5000人报名仅28人被选为__________（合格的）队员，需具备非凡__________（耐力）。 队员们对冒险充满__________（热情的），虽知前方有__________（逆境）。船沉后不得不__________（放弃/弃船），但对队长__________（真诚的）信任从未动摇。 正是非凡__________（毅力）支撑他们。沙克尔顿以坚定__________（决心）将所有人活着带回家。 Part 7 关联阅读 In 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton placed a legendary newspaper advertisement: "Men wanted for hazardous journey. Small (wage), (bitter) cold, long months of complete darkness, constant danger, safe return doubtful." More than 5,000 men applied for this seemingly impossible mission, but only those who were truly (qualified) — men of exceptional physical fitness, technical skill and extraordinary (endurance) — were selected for the 28-member crew. The chosen men were all (enthusiastic) about the historic expedition, even though they fully understood that great (adversity) lay ahead of them. When the Endurance was trapped and eventually crushed by pack ice in the Weddell Sea, the crew was forced to (abandon) the ship and set up camp on the drifting ice. For months they survived in the harshest conditions on Earth, yet their (genuine) belief in their leader never once wavered. What ultimately saved all 28 men was their remarkable (perseverance) — and Shackleton's iron (resolve) to bring every single man back home alive, which he achieved against all odds after an epic 800-mile journey across the Southern Ocean in a tiny lifeboat. 1. Why did over 5,000 men apply for Shackleton's expedition despite the dangerous conditions described in the advertisement? A. They were attracted by the promise of a high salary and comfortable living conditions in the Antarctic research station. B. They believed the advertisement was exaggerating the dangers and that the journey would actually be a pleasant adventure. C. They were enthusiastic about the challenge and the opportunity to be part of a historic expedition led by a famous explorer. D. They were forced to apply by the British government as part of a national programme to explore unknown regions of the Antarctic. 2. What forced the crew to abandon their ship, the Endurance? A. The ship ran out of fuel and could no longer continue the journey through the increasingly heavy ice. B. The crew decided to abandon ship voluntarily because they wanted to set up a permanent camp on the ice instead. C. The ship was trapped and eventually crushed by pack ice, making it impossible to stay on board any longer. D. A terrible storm damaged the ship's engine and communication equipment beyond any possibility of repair and rescue. 3. What does the author suggest was the most important factor in saving all 28 crew members? A. The crew's luck in finding an abandoned research station with enough food and supplies to last the entire winter. B. The crew's remarkable perseverance and Shackleton's iron resolve to bring every man home alive. C. The help they received from local Antarctic wildlife such as seals and penguins that provided food and warmth. D. The advanced navigation equipment that allowed them to send emergency signals to passing ships in the area. 4. Which of the following best describes the main theme of this passage? A. The importance of modern technology and advanced equipment in ensuring the safety of explorers in dangerous environments. B. The value of courage, endurance, and unwavering determination in overcoming seemingly impossible challenges. C. The dangers of exploring unknown territories without proper preparation and the lessons that future explorers should learn. D. The conflict between personal ambition and team safety that arises when a leader makes dangerous decisions during an expedition. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：wage, bitter, qualified, endurance, enthusiastic, adversity, abandon, genuine, perseverance, resolve Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. adversity — __________ 2. wage — __________ 3. bitter — __________ 4. endurance — __________ 5. qualified — __________ 6. enthusiastic — __________ 7. abandon — __________ 8. genuine — __________ 9. perseverance — __________ 10. resolve — __________ 11. adverse — __________ 12. qualification — __________ 13. enthusiasm — __________ 14. resolution — __________ 15. persevere — __________ 16. genuinely — __________ 17. abandonment — __________ 18. endurance test — __________ 19. make a resolution — __________ 20. in the face of adversity — __________ Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. True strength is not about never falling down, but about getting back up every time you face difficulties and hardship in your life. → True strength is not about never falling down, but about getting back up every time you face __________ in your life. 2. Many workers in the factory went on strike demanding higher pay and better working conditions after negotiations with management failed. → Many workers in the factory went on strike demanding higher __________ and better working conditions after negotiations with management failed. 3. The mountain climbers had to battle against freezing and extremely cold winds as they made their final push towards the summit of Mount Everest. → The mountain climbers had to battle against __________ winds as they made their final push towards the summit of Mount Everest. 4. The triathlon is a sport that tests not just physical strength but also your ability to keep going when your body wants to give up. → The triathlon is a sport that tests not just physical strength but also your __________ when your body wants to give up. 5. With over ten years of experience in the field, she is certainly able and suitable for the position of head of the research and development department. → With over ten years of experience in the field, she is certainly __________ for the position of head of the research and development department. 6. The young volunteers showed great excitement and interest about the tree-planting project organised by the local environmental protection society. → The young volunteers were __________ about the tree-planting project organised by the local environmental protection society. 7. Due to the worsening weather and lack of food supplies deep in the mountains, the search team had no choice but to give up theiroriginal rescue plan. → Due to the worsening weather and lack of food supplies deep in the mountains, the search team had no choice but to __________ their original rescue plan. 8. What makes a leader truly great is not their title or authority, but the real and sincere care they show for every member of their team. → What makes a leader truly great is not their title or authority, but the __________ care they show for every member of their team. 9. Success does not come to the most talented people but to those who show consistent effort and the determination never to give up on their goals. → Success does not come to the most talented people but to those who show consistent effort and __________ on their goals. 10. After weeks of careful discussion and debate, the student union finally made a firm decision to organise a campus-wide charity event for the flooded areas. → After weeks of careful discussion and debate, the student union finally made a firm __________ to organise a campus-wide charity event for the flooded areas. Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用10个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：wage → bitter → qualified → endurance → enthusiastic → adversity → abandon → genuine → perseverance → resolve 复述模板（填空）： 沙克尔顿的招募广告坦诚：微薄__________（工资）、__________（严寒）刺骨。5000多人报名，仅28名__________（合格的）队员入选，需非凡__________（耐力）。 队员们__________（热情的）迎接挑战，虽知前方有__________（逆境）。船被冰压碎，被迫__________（放弃/弃船）。__________（真诚的）信任从未动摇。 非凡__________（毅力）支撑全体队员。队长以坚定__________（决心）将所有人活着带回家。 你的复述： ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ $