专题01 Unit 1 Science and Scientists-【语境串考点】一轮高频考点 单元备考学案 -2027届高三英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语高考复习学案聚焦选择性必修二Unit1及高考高频词汇，以10个核心词（severe等）为考点，通过约翰·斯诺霍乱调查语境串联形成记忆链，结合知识点列表、词根拆解、词性变化总表系统梳理，引导学生自主构建词汇网络，体现考点梳理的系统性和层次性。 亮点在于多维度自主学习设计，含语境复现语法填空、知识点默写、关联阅读等活动，如自我检测环节通过复述记忆链诊断掌握情况，词汇升级练习提升语言表达能力，培养学生语言能力与学习能力，教师可依学情精准指导，助力个性化复习与高效备考。

专题01【语境串考点】第一单元备考学案（人教版2019） 高考高频知识点：severe / frustrated / subscribe / suspect / blame / handle / link / decrease / transform / initial （知识点来源：选择性必修二 Unit 1 · Science and Scientists + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 2 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 6 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 7 【练习题】 7 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 8 【练习题】 8 Part 7 关联阅读 9 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 11 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 11 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 12 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 In the mid-19th century, London faced a (severe) outbreak of cholera that killed thousands of people. Doctors and scientists were deeply (frustrated) because nobody could find the cause of this deadly disease. At the time, most people (subscribe) to the theory that cholera was spread through the air, but one doctor had a different idea. That doctor was John Snow, who began to (suspect) that the water supply might be to (blame) for the outbreak. He knew he needed solid evidence to (handle) this public health crisis, so he carefully mapped where each victim lived. His map revealed a clear (link) between the disease and a specific water pump on Broad Street. After Snow convinced officials to remove the pump handle, the number of new cases began to (decrease) dramatically. His groundbreaking investigation would (transform) the way people understood disease transmission. Snow's (initial) findings laid the foundation for modern epidemiology and proved that careful scientific method could save countless lives. 【中文译文】 19世纪中期，伦敦爆发了一场（severe）严重的霍乱疫情，夺走了数千人的生命。医生和科学家们深感（frustrated）沮丧，因为没有人能找到这种致命疾病的根源。当时，大多数人（subscribe）认同霍乱通过空气传播的理论，但有一位医生持有不同的看法。 这位医生就是约翰·斯诺，他开始（suspect）怀疑供水系统可能是疫情的（blame）罪魁祸首。他知道需要确凿的证据来（handle）应对这场公共卫生危机，于是他仔细标注了每位病亡者的住址。他的地图揭示了疾病与宽街一口特定水泵之间的明确（link）关联。 在斯诺说服官员拆除了水泵（handle）把手之后，新增病例数量开始大幅（decrease）下降。他的开创性调查彻底（transform）改变了人们对疾病传播方式的认识。斯诺的（initial）初步发现为现代流行病学奠定了基础，并证明了严谨的科学方法能够拯救无数生命。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：严重疫情→科学家沮丧→认同理论→怀疑水源→追责罪魁→应对危机→发现关联→病例下降→改变认知→初步发现 记忆链：severe → frustrated → subscribe → suspect → blame → handle → link → decrease → transform → initial Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 严重的；严厉的；剧烈的 ∞考点：severe problem/damage；severely adv. 严重地；severity n. 严重性 2 frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ adj. 沮丧的；懊恼的 ∞考点：be frustrated with/at；frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的；frustration n. 沮丧 3 subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/ vi. 同意；赞成 vt. 订阅 ∞考点：subscribe to 同意/订阅；熟词生义subscribe to = agree with 4 suspect /səˈspekt/ vt. 怀疑；疑有 n. 嫌疑犯 ∞考点：熟词生义suspect n. 嫌疑犯；suspect sb of doing；suspicion n. 怀疑 5 blame /bleɪm/ vt. 责备；把…归咎于 n. 责任 ∞考点：blame sb for sth / be to blame for；2021新高考I卷·took full blame（责任） 6 handle /ˈhændl/ vt. 处理；对付 n. 把手 ∞考点：熟词生义handle n. 把手；handle a problem/crisis；近义deal with 7 link /lɪŋk/ n. 联系；链接 vt. 连接 ∞考点：link...to/with...；a link between A and B；be linked to 与…有关 8 decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ vt. & vi. 减少；降低 n. 减少 ∞考点：decrease by/to；on the decrease 在减少中；近义reduce/drop/decline 9 transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ vt. 使改变；使转化 ∞考点：transform...into...；transformation n. 转变/改革；transformative adj. 变革性的 10 initial /ɪˈnɪʃl/ adj. 最初的；开始的 n. 首字母 ∞考点：熟词生义initial n. 首字母；initially adv. 最初；initiative n. 倡议/主动性 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 严重的；严厉的；剧烈的 【核心考点】 severe是程度副词类核心形容词，"严重的/严厉的"在阅读理解和完形填空中高频出现，用于描述问题的严重性或人的态度。severe damage/problem/pain（严重损害/问题/疼痛）为核心搭配。severely adv. 严重地（= badly/seriously）为语法填空派生考点。severity n. 严重性为阅读词汇。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语severus（严肃的/严厉的）→ 古法语severe → 中古英语"严厉的"→ 引申为"严重的/剧烈的"。联想：sever（切断→分割）+ e → 严厉到"切断"联系→ severe。同源词persevere（坚持不懈→ per-完全+ severe严厉→对自己严厉→坚持）。 【经典原句】 ① "The severe shortage of food and medical supplies in the disaster area has drawn worldwide attention." （经典原句·severe shortage 严重短缺） 【搭配词块】 severe damage 严重损害 / severe punishment 严厉惩罚 / serve as 担任；充当 / severely adv. 严重地 / severity n. 严重性 2. frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ adj. 沮丧的；懊恼的 【核心考点】 frustrated是情感态度类核心形容词。be frustrated with/at（对…感到沮丧）为阅读高频表达。区分frustrated（人感到沮丧）和frustrating（令人沮丧的）的人-物修饰关系为必考要点。frustration n.（沮丧/挫折）为派生考点。2023全国甲卷完形中涉及frustration的语境理解。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语frustra（徒劳地/无效地）→ frustrari（使失望/使落空）→ frustrate v.（使沮丧）→ frustrated adj. 过去的"徒劳"行动导致了"沮丧"的情感状态。联想：frustrate = "fruit + state" → 果实（fruit）的状态（state）不好→令人沮丧。 【经典原句】 ① "After hours of trying to solve the puzzle without success, the boy felt extremely frustrated and wanted to give up." （经典原句·frustrated 沮丧的） 【搭配词块】 be frustrated with/at 对…感到沮丧 / frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的 / frustration n. 沮丧；挫折 / feel frustrated 感到沮丧 3. subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/ vi. 同意；赞成 vt. 订阅 【核心考点】 subscribe是观点与信息类动词。subscribe to 有两层核心含义：①同意/赞成（= agree with）；②订阅（报刊/频道）。在学术和议论类阅读中subscribe to a theory/view（认同某一理论/观点）为高频搭配，且常构成熟词生义干扰点——学生仅知道"订阅"而不知"同意"。subscription n. 订阅/订购为派生考点。 【词根联想】 sub-（在下/从下）+ scribe（写，拉丁语scribere"写"）→ 在下方签名→ 签名同意→ 引申为"订阅（签名订购）"和"赞成（签名认可）"。联想：scribe（抄写员）→ describe（描写→向下写）、prescribe（开处方→提前写）。 【经典原句】 ① "Many scientists do not subscribe to the view that all traditional methods should be replaced by modern technology." （经典原句·subscribe to 同意） 【搭配词块】 subscribe to 同意；赞成；订阅 / subscribe to a theory 认同理论 / subscription n. 订阅；订购 / subscriber n. 订阅者 4. suspect /səˈspekt/ vt. 怀疑；疑有 n. 嫌疑犯 【核心考点】 suspect是逻辑推理类核心动词/名词。作动词suspect sb of doing sth（怀疑某人做某事）、suspect that...（猜想…）为语法填空和阅读高频考点。最关键考点是熟词生义：suspect作名词意为"嫌疑犯"，完形填空中常见。suspicion n.（怀疑）→ suspicious adj.（可疑的）为完整派生链。 【词根联想】 su-（从下往上，sub-的变体）+ spect（看，拉丁语specere"看"）→ 从下面往上看→ 暗中观察→ 怀疑。联想：spect（看）词根家族：inspect（检查→往里看）、respect（尊重→反复看）、suspect（怀疑→从下面偷看）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：n. 嫌疑犯；可疑分子。例：The police have arrested two suspects in connection with the bank robbery.（警方逮捕了两名与银行抢劫案有关的嫌疑犯。）本义"怀疑（动词）"→ 被怀疑的人→"嫌疑犯"。 【经典原句】 ① "The police questioned three suspects in connection with the robbery that took place last Friday night." （经典原句·suspect n. 嫌疑犯·熟词生义） 【搭配词块】 suspect sb of doing 怀疑某人做某事 / suspect that... 猜想… / suspect n. 嫌疑犯 / suspicion n. 怀疑 / suspicious adj. 可疑的 5. blame /bleɪm/ vt. 责备；把…归咎于 n. 责任 【核心考点】 blame是责任归属类核心词。blame sb for (doing) sth（因某事责备某人）为写作和阅读高频结构。be to blame for（对…负有责任）为语法填空固定考点，注意主动形式表被动含义（不写被动式blamed）。2021年新高考I卷完形填空出现took full blame for（承担全部责任），blame作名词"责任"构成熟词生义考点。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语blasphemare（亵渎/说坏话）→ 古法语blasmer（指责）→ 中古英语"责备"。联想：blame = "b（不）+ lame（瘸的）"→ 说人"不行/瘸腿"→ 责备。 【经典原句】 ① "He took full blame for the project failure and promised to make immediate changes to improve the situation." （2021·新高考I卷·完形填空·blame n. 责任） 【搭配词块】 blame sb for (doing) sth 因某事责备某人 / be to blame for 对…负有责任 / take the blame 承担责任 / put the blame on 把责任推给 6. handle /ˈhændl/ vt. 处理；对付 n. 把手 【核心考点】 handle是问题解决类核心动词，写作中可替代deal with/cope with。handle a problem/crisis/situation（处理问题/危机/情况）为高频搭配。最关键考点是熟词生义：handle作名词意为"把手/手柄"（如door handle门把手），阅读理解和完形填空中需根据语境区分动词/名词用法。 【词根联想】 hand（手）+ -le（表示"反复/小"的后缀）→ 用手反复操作的东西→ 把手/手柄（名词）→ 引申为"用手处理事情"→ 处理/对付（动词）。联想：hand（手）直接给出"把手"和"处理"的双重意象。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：n. 把手；手柄。例：He turned the handle and pushed the door open slowly, wondering what he would find inside.（他转动把手，缓缓推开门，想着里面会有什么。）本义"手（hand）+ 工具后缀（-le）"→ 用手操作的东西 → "把手"→ 引申为"处理（问题）"。 【经典原句】 ① "To handle this complex situation properly, the manager decided to hold an emergency meeting with all department heads." （经典原句·handle 处理） 【搭配词块】 handle a problem/crisis 处理问题/危机 / handle...with care 小心处理 / door handle 门把手 / handler n. 处理者；驯兽师 7. link /lɪŋk/ n. 联系；链接 vt. 连接 【核心考点】 link是关联类核心词。"link between A and B"（A与B之间的联系）、"link...to/with..."（把…与…联系起来）为阅读和写作高频结构。be linked to/with（与…有关联）是被动语态的固定用法。link在科技和医疗类话题语篇中频繁出现（link between smoking and cancer）。 【词根联想】 源自古诺尔斯语hlenkr（链条中的一环）→ 中古英语linke → 现代英语"连接/联系"。联想：link的l像链条中一环的形状——从"链条的一环"到"事物之间的直接联系"。 【经典原句】 ① "Scientists have discovered a direct link between lack of sleep and poor academic performance among teenagers." （经典原句·link between A and B） 【搭配词块】 link...to/with... 把…与…连接 / a link between A and B AB之间的关联 / be linked to 与…有关 / click the link 点击链接 8. decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ vt. & vi. 减少；降低 n. 减少 【核心考点】 decrease是数据变化类核心词，图表描述写作中必考。decrease by（减少了多少）+ 具体数字，decrease to（减少到多少）为固定搭配区分考点。on the decrease（在减少中）为阅读高频表达。近义词辨析：decrease（逐渐减少）vs reduce（人为减少）vs decline（持续下降）→ 写作中根据语境选取。 【词根联想】 de-（向下/去掉）+ crease（增长，拉丁语crescere"生长"）→ 向下增长→减少/降低。联想：同词根increase（增加→向上增长），decrease就是increase的反方向——把"in"换成"de"即从增长变成减少。 【经典原句】 ① "According to the latest report, the number of students who walk to school has decreased by more than 30% in the past five years." （经典原句·decrease by 减少了） 【搭配词块】 decrease by 减少了 / decrease to 减少到 / on the decrease 正在减少 / a sharp decrease 急剧下降 / decreasing adj. 递减的 9. transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ vt. 使改变；使转化 【核心考点】 transform是发展与变革类核心动词，写作中可替代change，提升表达档次。transform...into...（把…转变为…）为经典搭配。transformation n.（转变/变革）→ transformative adj.（变革性的）构成派生考点链。2021年全国乙卷阅读理解涉及"transform the way people learn"。 【词根联想】 trans-（跨越/穿过）+ form（形状/形式）→ 跨越到另一种形式→改变/转化。联想：trans（横穿）+ form（形式）→ 从一种形式"穿越"到另一种→彻底改变。同类构词：transport（运输→穿过港口）、transfer（转移→穿过边界）。 【经典原句】 ① "The internet and digital technology have completely transformed the way people communicate, work and learn in the 21st century." （经典原句·transform 改变） 【搭配词块】 transform...into... 把…转变为… / a complete transformation 彻底的转变 / transformative adj. 变革性的 / transform the way 改变方式 10. initial /ɪˈnɪʃl/ adj. 最初的；开始的 n. 首字母 【核心考点】 initial是时序类核心形容词。initial plan/reaction/finding（最初的计划/反应/发现）为阅读高频搭配。最关键考点是熟词生义：initial作名词意为"（姓名的）首字母"，完形填空和阅读理解中该词义常造成理解障碍。initially adv. 最初（= at first）→ initiative n. 倡议/主动性（take the initiative 采取主动）为完整派生链。 【词根联想】 in-（进入）+ it（走，拉丁语ire"走"）+ -ial（形容词后缀）→ 开始走入的→ 最初的/开始的。联想：initial = "in（进入）+ it（它）+ ial" → 进入它的第一步→最初的。同词根initiate（开始/发起）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：n. （姓名的）首字母（通常用复数initials）。例：He carved his initials on the tree trunk to mark his visit to the ancient forest.（他在树干上刻下自己姓名的首字母，以此纪念对这片古老森林的探访。）本义"最初的（形容词）"→ 姓名的第一个字母→"首字母"。 【经典原句】 ① "Please write your initials at the bottom of each page to confirm that you have read and understood the document." （经典原句·initial n. 首字母·熟词生义） 【搭配词块】 initial plan/reaction 最初的计划/反应 / initials n. 首字母 / initially adv. 最初 / take the initiative 采取主动 / initiate v. 开始；发起 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 severe severely (adv.) severity (n.) --- severe problem / severely damaged frustrated frustrating (adj.) frustration (n.) frustrate (v.) be frustrated with / feel frustrated subscribe subscription (n.) subscriber (n.) --- subscribe to a theory / subscribe to a magazine suspect suspicion (n.) suspicious (adj.) suspiciously (adv.) suspect sb of / suspect n.嫌疑犯 blame blameless (adj.) --- --- blame sb for / be to blame / take the blame handle handler (n.) --- --- handle a problem / door handle link linkage (n.) --- --- link...to... / a link between decrease decreasing (adj.) decreased (adj.) --- decrease by/to / on the decrease transform transformation (n.) transformative (adj.) transformer (n.) transform...into... / a complete transformation initial initially (adv.) initiative (n.) initiate (v.) initial plan / initials n.首字母 / take the initiative Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2021·新高考I卷·完形填空）He took full __________ (responsible) for the project failure and promised to make immediate improvements to the situation. 2.（2026广东广州·模拟）The earthquake caused __________ (severely) damage to buildings across the city, leaving thousands of people homeless overnight. 3.（2023·全国甲卷·完形填空·改编）After spending three hours trying to solve the difficult math problem without any progress, Tom felt extremely __________ (frustrate) and decided to take a short break to clear his mind. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）Not all scientists __________ (subscription) to the idea that artificial intelligence will eventually replace human creativity and imagination. 5.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）The police are questioning three __________ (suspicion) in connection with the fire that destroyed the old factory last weekend. 6.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The newly hired manager proved to be very capable of __________ (hand) difficult situations and dealing with unexpected challenges calmly. 7.（2026四川成都·模拟）Research has shown that there is a close __________ (connect) between regular physical exercise and improved mental health among teenagers. 8.（2021·新高考II卷·语法填空·改编）According to official statistics, the number of traffic accidents in the city has __________ (drop) by nearly 15% since the new safety regulations were introduced last year. 9.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）Over the past two decades, digital technology has __________ (complete) transformed every aspect of our daily lives, from shopping to social interaction. 10.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The scientist's __________ (origin) findings, though not widely accepted at first, later proved to be the foundation of modern medical research on infectious diseases. 11.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）Doctors warned that the patient's condition was becoming increasingly __________ (serious), requiring immediate medical attention and careful monitoring. 12.（2026辽宁沈阳·模拟）The young detective suspected the man __________ having stolen the valuable painting, but he still lacked enough solid evidence to prove his theory. 13.（2026福建福州·模拟）With the efforts of the medical team, the infection rate began __________ (go) down steadily, bringing hope to the entire community affected by the outbreak. 14.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The village __________ (become) a modern tourist destination after the local government invested heavily in building new roads and cultural facilities. 15.（2026重庆·模拟）The __________ (initiate) step in any scientific investigation is to make careful observations and collect reliable data before drawing any conclusions. 【答案】 1. blame 2. severe 3. frustrated 4. subscribe 5. suspects 6. handling 7. link 8. decreased 9. has 10. initial 11. severe 12. of 13. to decrease 14. has been transformed 15. initial 【逐题解析】 1. blame — 提示词responsible（形容词·有责任的）需转名词blame。take full blame for = 承担全部责任。2021新高考I卷完形填空真题原句，blame作名词"责任"为熟词生义考点。 2. severe — 提示词severely（副词）需转形容词severe。severe damage = 严重损害。形容词修饰名词的结构。 3. frustrated — 提示词frustrate（动词）需转形容词frustrated。feel frustrated = 感到沮丧。人做主语用-ed形容词。 4. subscribe — 提示词subscription（名词·订阅）需转动词subscribe。subscribe to the idea = 认同观点。助动词do后接动词原形。 5. suspects — 提示词suspicion（名词·怀疑）需转名词suspects。three suspects = 三名嫌疑犯。熟词生义：suspect作名词。 6. handling — 提示词hand（名词·手）需转动名词handling。be capable of handling = 有能力处理。介词of后用动名词。 7. link — 提示词connect（动词·连接）需转名词link。a close link between... = …之间的紧密关联。冠词+形容词+名词结构。 8. decreased — 提示词drop（动词·下降）需转动词decreased。has decreased by 15% = 已下降15%。现在完成时has done结构。 9. completely — 提示词complete（形容词·完全的）需填副词completely。has completely transformed ，此处completely 副词修饰动词transformed。 10. initial — 提示词origin（名词·起源）需转形容词initial。initial findings = 初步发现。形容词修饰名词结构。 11. severe — 提示词serious（形容词·严重的）需转同义形容词severe。increasingly severe = 日益严重。副词修饰形容词。 12. of — 固定搭配suspect sb of doing sth = 怀疑某人做某事。介词of为固定用法。 13. to decrease — 提示词go（动词·走/去）需转动词不定式to decrease。begin to decrease = 开始下降。begin to do结构。 14. has been transformed — 提示词become（动词·变成）需转被动完成has been transformed。村庄被投资改造成旅游目的地。现在完成时被动语态。 15. initial — 提示词initiate（动词·开始）需转形容词initial。initial step = 第一步/初步步骤。形容词修饰名词结构。 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 19世纪伦敦爆发__________（严重的）霍乱，科学家们深感__________（沮丧的）却找不到病因。多数人__________（认同）空气传播理论，但斯诺__________（怀疑）水源才是__________（罪魁祸首）。 他__________（处理）危机，绘制地图发现疾病与水泵的__________（关联）。拆除水泵后病例__________（减少），调查__________（改变）了疾病传播认知。 斯诺的__________（最初的）发现为流行病学奠基，证明科学方法能拯救无数生命。 【答案】 severe; frustrated; subscribed; suspected; blame; handled; link; decreased; transformed; initial Part 7 关联阅读 In the summer of 1854, a (severe) outbreak of cholera struck the Soho district of London, killing over 500 people within just ten days and spreading panic throughout the densely populated city. At the time, doctors and scientists were deeply (frustrated) because nobody could explain how the disease was spreading so rapidly through the crowded neighbourhoods, and every attempt to contain it seemed to fail. Most medical experts of the day (subscribe) to the widely accepted miasma theory, which held that cholera was caused by breathing in foul air or "bad smells" from decaying waste in the streets and rivers. However, a physician named John Snow began to (suspect) that contaminated water, not bad air, was to (blame) for the deadly outbreak. Determined to (handle) this public health emergency with scientific rigor, Snow went door to door through the affected streets, interviewing local residents and carefully marking the homes of cholera victims on a detailed map of the Soho area. His systematic investigation uncovered a striking (link): nearly all of the victims had obtained their drinking water from the same public pump on Broad Street, while workers at a nearby brewery who drank beer instead of water remained healthy. Armed with this compelling evidence, Snow convinced local officials to remove the pump handle, and almost immediately the number of new cases began to (decrease). Snow's painstaking work would go on to (transform) the entire field of public health, shifting the scientific community's understanding from the miasma theory to the germ theory of disease. His (initial) investigation, conducted long before the discovery of bacteria, laid the essential groundwork for the modern science of epidemiology. 1. What was the generally accepted explanation for cholera before John Snow's investigation? A. Most medical experts subscribed to the miasma theory, believing that cholera was caused by breathing in foul or polluted air. B. Doctors had already proven that contaminated drinking water was the only possible source of the deadly cholera outbreaks. C. Scientists believed that cholera could only spread through physical contact between infected patients and healthy individuals. D. The government had officially announced that cholera was caused by a lack of proper nutrition and poor living habits among the poor. 2. What method did John Snow use to investigate the cause of the cholera outbreak? A. He traveled to other European cities to compare their cholera rates with those in London. B. He conducted laboratory experiments on water samples to identify the specific bacteria causing the disease. C. He went door to door, interviewed residents, and marked the homes of victims on a map to find a pattern. D. He asked the government to close all public water pumps in London and waited to see if the outbreak would end. 3. What happened after the Broad Street pump handle was removed? A. Local residents protested against the government's decision and demanded that the pump be reopened immediately. B. The number of new cholera cases began to decrease almost immediately, confirming Snow's theory about contaminated water. C. Nothing changed because the outbreak was actually caused by the miasma in the air rather than polluted drinking water. D. The outbreak became even more severe as people had to walk longer distances to find alternative sources of drinking water. 4. What is the main significance of John Snow's work according to the passage? A. He became the wealthiest and most famous doctor in Victorian London because of his successful investigation. B. He proved once and for all that all diseases are caused by water pollution and can be prevented by boiling drinking water. C. His research showed that the government should spend more money on building hospitals rather than improving water supply systems. D. His initial investigation transformed public health and laid the groundwork for modern epidemiology long before bacteria were discovered. 参考答案与高考标准解析 答案：1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 第1题（细节理解题·高考核心）：首段以severe、frustrated、subscribe三个目标词构建历史背景。"a severe outbreak"点明事件严重性，"doctors and scientists were deeply frustrated"渲染困境，"Most medical experts...subscribe to the miasma theory"引出当时主流观点。subscribe to在此作"认同/赞成"解，为熟词生义典型考点。选项A完整概括了"认同瘴气理论→认为吸入污浊空气致病"的逻辑链。B项将Snow后来才证明的结论倒置于历史之前，属于典型时序错位干扰；C项"身体接触传播"偷换瘴气理论的内容；D项"政府宣布营养不良导致"在全文毫无依据，为无中生有。 第2题（细节理解题·高频题型）：第二段使用suspect、blame、handle、link四个目标词串联Snow调查的全过程。suspect contaminated water → be to blame → handle this emergency → uncovered a striking link构成完整调查逻辑链。Snow的方法论核心是"went door to door, interviewing residents and marking homes on a map"，体现了实地调查与数据可视化的结合。选项C逐项对应了这三步调查方法。A项"走访其他欧洲城市"文中无任何提及；B项"实验室细菌实验"发生在此事件之后——文中明确说"long before the discovery of bacteria"；D项"关闭所有水泵"为过度放大——Snow只瞄准了Broad Street的特定水泵。 第3题（结果评估题·中频题型）：第三段以decrease和transform两个目标词描述拆除水泵后的两大结果。decrease为直接可观察的短期效应（"病例开始下降"），transform为长期深远影响（"改变公共卫生领域"）。选项B精准捕捉了decrease的即时性与证实性——病例下降本身即为对Snow理论的最有力验证。A项"居民抗议"在积极结果的语境中属于反向臆测；C项"没有任何变化"与decrease的明确数据直接矛盾；D项"疫情更严重"与原文事实完全相反，属于正反颠倒型干扰。 第4题（主旨评价题·高考压轴）：第三段结尾以"His initial investigation...laid the essential groundwork for the modern science of epidemiology"和"transform the entire field of public health"构成全文核心评价。initial（初步的/最初的）和transform（彻底改变）两个目标词分别从"起点意义"和"变革意义"两个维度评价Snow的贡献。选项D将这两个维度融合为"初步调查→改变了公共卫生→为现代流行病学奠基"的逻辑链，且特意点明"long before the discovery of bacteria"这一关键历史背景——Snow在微生物学诞生之前就用统计学和地图学证明了疾病传播机制，这一时间反差正是其科学价值的最佳注脚。A项"成为最富有的医生"低俗化科学意义；B项"所有疾病因水污染"的绝对化论断在逻辑上不成立；C项"多建医院而非改善供水"与Snow的基本结论（改善水源→减少疾病）正面对立。 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：severe, frustrated, subscribe, suspect, blame, handle, link, decrease, transform, initial Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 1. s 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 evere — __________ 2. frustrated — __________ 3. subscribe — __________ 4. suspect — __________ 5. blame — __________ 6. handle — __________ 7. link — __________ 8. decrease — __________ 9. transform — __________ 10. initial — __________ 11. severity — __________ 12. subscribe to — __________ 13. suspect (n.) — __________ 14. be to blame — __________ 15. handle (n.) — __________ 16. be linked to — __________ 17. decrease by — __________ 18. transformation — __________ 19. initials (n.) — __________ 20. take the initiative — __________ 【参考答案】 1. 严重的；严厉的 2. 沮丧的（形容词） 3. 同意；赞成；订阅 4. 怀疑；嫌疑犯 5. 责备；责任 6. 处理；把手（熟词生义） 7. 联系；连接 8. 减少；降低 9. 使改变；使转化 10. 最初的；首字母 11. 严重性（名词） 12. 同意；订阅（短语） 13. 嫌疑犯（熟词生义） 14. 对…负有责任（短语） 15. 把手；手柄（熟词生义） 16. 与…有关联（短语） 17. 减少了（短语） 18. 转变；变革（名词） 19. 首字母（熟词生义） 20. 采取主动（短语） Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. The earthquake caused very serious damage to the old buildings in the city center. → The earthquake caused ____________________ damage to the old buildings in the city center. 2. After working on the same problem for hours, the student felt quite upset and discouraged about her progress. → After working on the same problem for hours, the student felt quite ____________________ about her progress. 3. I completely agree with the view that education should focus on developing students' creativity and critical thinking. → I completely ____________________ to the view that education should focus on developing students' creativity and critical thinking. 4. The police think that the man might have committed the crime, but they have not found enough proof yet. → The police ____________________ the man of having committed the crime, but they have not found enough proof yet. 5. You should not put all the responsibility on him for the team's failure because everyone in the group should share it. → You should not ____________________ him for the team's failure because everyone in the group should share the responsibility. 6. The new team leader proved to be very good at dealing with difficult situations and making quick decisions under pressure. → The new team leader proved to be very good at ____________________ difficult situations and making quick decisions under pressure. 7. Scientists have found that there is a clear connection between a healthy diet and a longer life expectancy in many populations. → Scientists have found that there is a clear ____________________ between a healthy diet and a longer life expectancy in many populations. 8. The number of students who ride bicycles to school has gone down by over 20 percent in the past three years. → The number of students who ride bicycles to school has ____________________ by over 20 percent in the past three years. 9. The small fishing village has been completely changed into a popular tourist destination over the past decade. → The small fishing village has been completely ____________________ into a popular tourist destination over the past decade. 10. His first plan was to collect data from at least 500 participants, but he later realized this goal was unrealistic. → His ____________________ plan was to collect data from at least 500 participants, but he later realized this goal was unrealistic. 【答案】 1. severe 2. frustrated 3. subscribe 4. suspect 5. blame 6. handling 7. link 8. decreased 9. transformed 10. initial Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用10个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：severe → frustrated → subscribe → suspect → blame → handle → link → decrease → transform → initial 复述模板（填空）： 1854年伦敦爆发__________（严重的）霍乱，科学家们__________（沮丧的）。多数人__________（认同）瘴气理论，但斯诺__________（怀疑）水源应__________（承担责任）。 他__________（处理）危机，地图揭示疾病与水泵的__________（关联）。拆除水泵后病例__________（减少），调查__________（改变）了公共卫生。 斯诺的__________（最初的）发现为流行病学奠基，证明科学方法能拯救生命。 你的复述： ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 【自我检测答案】 填空答案：severe; frustrated; subscribed; suspected; blame; handled; link; decreased; transformed; initial 复述模板参考版本： In 1854, a severe cholera outbreak struck London, leaving doctors and scientists deeply frustrated as they could not find the cause. While most experts subscribed to the miasma theory, John Snow began to suspect that contaminated water was to blame. He handled the crisis by mapping victims' homes, which revealed a clear link between the disease and the Broad Street pump. After the pump handle was removed, cholera cases decreased dramatically. Snow's investigation transformed public health, and his initial findings laid the foundation for modern epidemiology. His story proves that scientific method and determined observation can overcome even the deadliest mysteries. $专题01【语境串考点】第一单元备考学案（人教版2019） 高考高频知识点：severe / frustrated / subscribe / suspect / blame / handle / link / decrease / transform / initial （知识点来源：选择性必修二 Unit 1 · Science and Scientists + 高考高频知识点） 学校:____________________ 姓名：____________________ 班级：__________ 座号：__________ 目录 Part 1 语境串记语篇 1 【英文语篇】 1 【中文译文】 1 Part 2 知识点列表 2 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 2 Part 4 词性变化总表 6 Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 6 【练习题】 6 Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 7 【练习题】 7 Part 7 关联阅读 7 Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 9 Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 9 Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 10 Part 1 语境串记语篇 【英文语篇】 In the mid-19th century, London faced a (severe) outbreak of cholera that killed thousands of people. Doctors and scientists were deeply (frustrated) because nobody could find the cause of this deadly disease. At the time, most people (subscribe) to the theory that cholera was spread through the air, but one doctor had a different idea. That doctor was John Snow, who began to (suspect) that the water supply might be to (blame) for the outbreak. He knew he needed solid evidence to (handle) this public health crisis, so he carefully mapped where each victim lived. His map revealed a clear (link) between the disease and a specific water pump on Broad Street. After Snow convinced officials to remove the pump handle, the number of new cases began to (decrease) dramatically. His groundbreaking investigation would (transform) the way people understood disease transmission. Snow's (initial) findings laid the foundation for modern epidemiology and proved that careful scientific method could save countless lives. 【中文译文】 19世纪中期，伦敦爆发了一场（severe）严重的霍乱疫情，夺走了数千人的生命。医生和科学家们深感（frustrated）沮丧，因为没有人能找到这种致命疾病的根源。当时，大多数人（subscribe）认同霍乱通过空气传播的理论，但有一位医生持有不同的看法。 这位医生就是约翰·斯诺，他开始（suspect）怀疑供水系统可能是疫情的（blame）罪魁祸首。他知道需要确凿的证据来（handle）应对这场公共卫生危机，于是他仔细标注了每位病亡者的住址。他的地图揭示了疾病与宽街一口特定水泵之间的明确（link）关联。 在斯诺说服官员拆除了水泵（handle）把手之后，新增病例数量开始大幅（decrease）下降。他的开创性调查彻底（transform）改变了人们对疾病传播方式的认识。斯诺的（initial）初步发现为现代流行病学奠定了基础，并证明了严谨的科学方法能够拯救无数生命。 💡 语境串联记忆线索：严重疫情→科学家沮丧→认同理论→怀疑水源→追责罪魁→应对危机→发现关联→病例下降→改变认知→初步发现 记忆链：severe → frustrated → subscribe → suspect → blame → handle → link → decrease → transform → initial Part 2 知识点列表 序号 知识点 音标 词性 + 释义 + 高考考点 1 severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 严重的；严厉的；剧烈的 ∞考点：severe problem/damage；severely adv. 严重地；severity n. 严重性 2 frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ adj. 沮丧的；懊恼的 ∞考点：be frustrated with/at；frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的；frustration n. 沮丧 3 subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/ vi. 同意；赞成 vt. 订阅 ∞考点：subscribe to 同意/订阅；熟词生义subscribe to = agree with 4 suspect /səˈspekt/ vt. 怀疑；疑有 n. 嫌疑犯 ∞考点：熟词生义suspect n. 嫌疑犯；suspect sb of doing；suspicion n. 怀疑 5 blame /bleɪm/ vt. 责备；把…归咎于 n. 责任 ∞考点：blame sb for sth / be to blame for；2021新高考I卷·took full blame（责任） 6 handle /ˈhændl/ vt. 处理；对付 n. 把手 ∞考点：熟词生义handle n. 把手；handle a problem/crisis；近义deal with 7 link /lɪŋk/ n. 联系；链接 vt. 连接 ∞考点：link...to/with...；a link between A and B；be linked to 与…有关 8 decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ vt. & vi. 减少；降低 n. 减少 ∞考点：decrease by/to；on the decrease 在减少中；近义reduce/drop/decline 9 transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ vt. 使改变；使转化 ∞考点：transform...into...；transformation n. 转变/改革；transformative adj. 变革性的 10 initial /ɪˈnɪʃl/ adj. 最初的；开始的 n. 首字母 ∞考点：熟词生义initial n. 首字母；initially adv. 最初；initiative n. 倡议/主动性 Part 3 词根拆解 · 联想记忆 · 高考考点 1. severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 严重的；严厉的；剧烈的 【核心考点】 severe是程度副词类核心形容词，"严重的/严厉的"在阅读理解和完形填空中高频出现，用于描述问题的严重性或人的态度。severe damage/problem/pain（严重损害/问题/疼痛）为核心搭配。severely adv. 严重地（= badly/seriously）为语法填空派生考点。severity n. 严重性为阅读词汇。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语severus（严肃的/严厉的）→ 古法语severe → 中古英语"严厉的"→ 引申为"严重的/剧烈的"。联想：sever（切断→分割）+ e → 严厉到"切断"联系→ severe。同源词persevere（坚持不懈→ per-完全+ severe严厉→对自己严厉→坚持）。 【经典原句】 ① "The severe shortage of food and medical supplies in the disaster area has drawn worldwide attention." （经典原句·severe shortage 严重短缺） 【搭配词块】 severe damage 严重损害 / severe punishment 严厉惩罚 / serve as 担任；充当 / severely adv. 严重地 / severity n. 严重性 2. frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ adj. 沮丧的；懊恼的 【核心考点】 frustrated是情感态度类核心形容词。be frustrated with/at（对…感到沮丧）为阅读高频表达。区分frustrated（人感到沮丧）和frustrating（令人沮丧的）的人-物修饰关系为必考要点。frustration n.（沮丧/挫折）为派生考点。2023全国甲卷完形中涉及frustration的语境理解。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语frustra（徒劳地/无效地）→ frustrari（使失望/使落空）→ frustrate v.（使沮丧）→ frustrated adj. 过去的"徒劳"行动导致了"沮丧"的情感状态。联想：frustrate = "fruit + state" → 果实（fruit）的状态（state）不好→令人沮丧。 【经典原句】 ① "After hours of trying to solve the puzzle without success, the boy felt extremely frustrated and wanted to give up." （经典原句·frustrated 沮丧的） 【搭配词块】 be frustrated with/at 对…感到沮丧 / frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的 / frustration n. 沮丧；挫折 / feel frustrated 感到沮丧 3. subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/ vi. 同意；赞成 vt. 订阅 【核心考点】 subscribe是观点与信息类动词。subscribe to 有两层核心含义：①同意/赞成（= agree with）；②订阅（报刊/频道）。在学术和议论类阅读中subscribe to a theory/view（认同某一理论/观点）为高频搭配，且常构成熟词生义干扰点——学生仅知道"订阅"而不知"同意"。subscription n. 订阅/订购为派生考点。 【词根联想】 sub-（在下/从下）+ scribe（写，拉丁语scribere"写"）→ 在下方签名→ 签名同意→ 引申为"订阅（签名订购）"和"赞成（签名认可）"。联想：scribe（抄写员）→ describe（描写→向下写）、prescribe（开处方→提前写）。 【经典原句】 ① "Many scientists do not subscribe to the view that all traditional methods should be replaced by modern technology." （经典原句·subscribe to 同意） 【搭配词块】 subscribe to 同意；赞成；订阅 / subscribe to a theory 认同理论 / subscription n. 订阅；订购 / subscriber n. 订阅者 4. suspect /səˈspekt/ vt. 怀疑；疑有 n. 嫌疑犯 【核心考点】 suspect是逻辑推理类核心动词/名词。作动词suspect sb of doing sth（怀疑某人做某事）、suspect that...（猜想…）为语法填空和阅读高频考点。最关键考点是熟词生义：suspect作名词意为"嫌疑犯"，完形填空中常见。suspicion n.（怀疑）→ suspicious adj.（可疑的）为完整派生链。 【词根联想】 su-（从下往上，sub-的变体）+ spect（看，拉丁语specere"看"）→ 从下面往上看→ 暗中观察→ 怀疑。联想：spect（看）词根家族：inspect（检查→往里看）、respect（尊重→反复看）、suspect（怀疑→从下面偷看）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：n. 嫌疑犯；可疑分子。例：The police have arrested two suspects in connection with the bank robbery.（警方逮捕了两名与银行抢劫案有关的嫌疑犯。）本义"怀疑（动词）"→ 被怀疑的人→"嫌疑犯"。 【经典原句】 ① "The police questioned three suspects in connection with the robbery that took place last Friday night." （经典原句·suspect n. 嫌疑犯·熟词生义） 【搭配词块】 suspect sb of doing 怀疑某人做某事 / suspect that... 猜想… / suspect n. 嫌疑犯 / suspicion n. 怀疑 / suspicious adj. 可疑的 5. blame /bleɪm/ vt. 责备；把…归咎于 n. 责任 【核心考点】 blame是责任归属类核心词。blame sb for (doing) sth（因某事责备某人）为写作和阅读高频结构。be to blame for（对…负有责任）为语法填空固定考点，注意主动形式表被动含义（不写被动式blamed）。2021年新高考I卷完形填空出现took full blame for（承担全部责任），blame作名词"责任"构成熟词生义考点。 【词根联想】 源自拉丁语blasphemare（亵渎/说坏话）→ 古法语blasmer（指责）→ 中古英语"责备"。联想：blame = "b（不）+ lame（瘸的）"→ 说人"不行/瘸腿"→ 责备。 【经典原句】 ① "He took full blame for the project failure and promised to make immediate changes to improve the situation." （2021·新高考I卷·完形填空·blame n. 责任） 【搭配词块】 blame sb for (doing) sth 因某事责备某人 / be to blame for 对…负有责任 / take the blame 承担责任 / put the blame on 把责任推给 6. handle /ˈhændl/ vt. 处理；对付 n. 把手 【核心考点】 handle是问题解决类核心动词，写作中可替代deal with/cope with。handle a problem/crisis/situation（处理问题/危机/情况）为高频搭配。最关键考点是熟词生义：handle作名词意为"把手/手柄"（如door handle门把手），阅读理解和完形填空中需根据语境区分动词/名词用法。 【词根联想】 hand（手）+ -le（表示"反复/小"的后缀）→ 用手反复操作的东西→ 把手/手柄（名词）→ 引申为"用手处理事情"→ 处理/对付（动词）。联想：hand（手）直接给出"把手"和"处理"的双重意象。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：n. 把手；手柄。例：He turned the handle and pushed the door open slowly, wondering what he would find inside.（他转动把手，缓缓推开门，想着里面会有什么。）本义"手（hand）+ 工具后缀（-le）"→ 用手操作的东西 → "把手"→ 引申为"处理（问题）"。 【经典原句】 ① "To handle this complex situation properly, the manager decided to hold an emergency meeting with all department heads." （经典原句·handle 处理） 【搭配词块】 handle a problem/crisis 处理问题/危机 / handle...with care 小心处理 / door handle 门把手 / handler n. 处理者；驯兽师 7. link /lɪŋk/ n. 联系；链接 vt. 连接 【核心考点】 link是关联类核心词。"link between A and B"（A与B之间的联系）、"link...to/with..."（把…与…联系起来）为阅读和写作高频结构。be linked to/with（与…有关联）是被动语态的固定用法。link在科技和医疗类话题语篇中频繁出现（link between smoking and cancer）。 【词根联想】 源自古诺尔斯语hlenkr（链条中的一环）→ 中古英语linke → 现代英语"连接/联系"。联想：link的l像链条中一环的形状——从"链条的一环"到"事物之间的直接联系"。 【经典原句】 ① "Scientists have discovered a direct link between lack of sleep and poor academic performance among teenagers." （经典原句·link between A and B） 【搭配词块】 link...to/with... 把…与…连接 / a link between A and B AB之间的关联 / be linked to 与…有关 / click the link 点击链接 8. decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ vt. & vi. 减少；降低 n. 减少 【核心考点】 decrease是数据变化类核心词，图表描述写作中必考。decrease by（减少了多少）+ 具体数字，decrease to（减少到多少）为固定搭配区分考点。on the decrease（在减少中）为阅读高频表达。近义词辨析：decrease（逐渐减少）vs reduce（人为减少）vs decline（持续下降）→ 写作中根据语境选取。 【词根联想】 de-（向下/去掉）+ crease（增长，拉丁语crescere"生长"）→ 向下增长→减少/降低。联想：同词根increase（增加→向上增长），decrease就是increase的反方向——把"in"换成"de"即从增长变成减少。 【经典原句】 ① "According to the latest report, the number of students who walk to school has decreased by more than 30% in the past five years." （经典原句·decrease by 减少了） 【搭配词块】 decrease by 减少了 / decrease to 减少到 / on the decrease 正在减少 / a sharp decrease 急剧下降 / decreasing adj. 递减的 9. transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ vt. 使改变；使转化 【核心考点】 transform是发展与变革类核心动词，写作中可替代change，提升表达档次。transform...into...（把…转变为…）为经典搭配。transformation n.（转变/变革）→ transformative adj.（变革性的）构成派生考点链。2021年全国乙卷阅读理解涉及"transform the way people learn"。 【词根联想】 trans-（跨越/穿过）+ form（形状/形式）→ 跨越到另一种形式→改变/转化。联想：trans（横穿）+ form（形式）→ 从一种形式"穿越"到另一种→彻底改变。同类构词：transport（运输→穿过港口）、transfer（转移→穿过边界）。 【经典原句】 ① "The internet and digital technology have completely transformed the way people communicate, work and learn in the 21st century." （经典原句·transform 改变） 【搭配词块】 transform...into... 把…转变为… / a complete transformation 彻底的转变 / transformative adj. 变革性的 / transform the way 改变方式 10. initial /ɪˈnɪʃl/ adj. 最初的；开始的 n. 首字母 【核心考点】 initial是时序类核心形容词。initial plan/reaction/finding（最初的计划/反应/发现）为阅读高频搭配。最关键考点是熟词生义：initial作名词意为"（姓名的）首字母"，完形填空和阅读理解中该词义常造成理解障碍。initially adv. 最初（= at first）→ initiative n. 倡议/主动性（take the initiative 采取主动）为完整派生链。 【词根联想】 in-（进入）+ it（走，拉丁语ire"走"）+ -ial（形容词后缀）→ 开始走入的→ 最初的/开始的。联想：initial = "in（进入）+ it（它）+ ial" → 进入它的第一步→最初的。同词根initiate（开始/发起）。 【熟词生义】 熟词生义：n. （姓名的）首字母（通常用复数initials）。例：He carved his initials on the tree trunk to mark his visit to the ancient forest.（他在树干上刻下自己姓名的首字母，以此纪念对这片古老森林的探访。）本义"最初的（形容词）"→ 姓名的第一个字母→"首字母"。 【经典原句】 ① "Please write your initials at the bottom of each page to confirm that you have read and understood the document." （经典原句·initial n. 首字母·熟词生义） 【搭配词块】 initial plan/reaction 最初的计划/反应 / initials n. 首字母 / initially adv. 最初 / take the initiative 采取主动 / initiate v. 开始；发起 Part 4 词性变化总表 原词 派生词1 派生词2 派生词3 核心搭配 severe severely (adv.) severity (n.) --- severe problem / severely damaged frustrated frustrating (adj.) frustration (n.) frustrate (v.) be frustrated with / feel frustrated subscribe subscription (n.) subscriber (n.) --- subscribe to a theory / subscribe to a magazine suspect suspicion (n.) suspicious (adj.) suspiciously (adv.) suspect sb of / suspect n.嫌疑犯 blame blameless (adj.) --- --- blame sb for / be to blame / take the blame handle handler (n.) --- --- handle a problem / door handle link linkage (n.) --- --- link...to... / a link between decrease decreasing (adj.) decreased (adj.) --- decrease by/to / on the decrease transform transformation (n.) transformative (adj.) transformer (n.) transform...into... / a complete transformation initial initially (adv.) initiative (n.) initiate (v.) initial plan / initials n.首字母 / take the initiative Part 5 语境复现练习 — 语法填空 【练习题】 1.（2021·新高考I卷·完形填空）He took full __________ (responsible) for the project failure and promised to make immediate improvements to the situation. 2.（2026广东广州·模拟）The earthquake caused __________ (severely) damage to buildings across the city, leaving thousands of people homeless overnight. 3.（2023·全国甲卷·完形填空·改编）After spending three hours trying to solve the difficult math problem without any progress, Tom felt extremely __________ (frustrate) and decided to take a short break to clear his mind. 4.（2026山东济南·模拟）Not all scientists __________ (subscription) to the idea that artificial intelligence will eventually replace human creativity and imagination. 5.（2026湖北武汉·模拟）The police are questioning three __________ (suspicion) in connection with the fire that destroyed the old factory last weekend. 6.（2026浙江杭州·模拟）The newly hired manager proved to be very capable of __________ (hand) difficult situations and dealing with unexpected challenges calmly. 7.（2026四川成都·模拟）Research has shown that there is a close __________ (connect) between regular physical exercise and improved mental health among teenagers. 8.（2021·新高考II卷·语法填空·改编）According to official statistics, the number of traffic accidents in the city has __________ (drop) by nearly 15% since the new safety regulations were introduced last year. 9.（2026安徽合肥·模拟）Over the past two decades, digital technology has __________ (complete) transformed every aspect of our daily lives, from shopping to social interaction. 10.（2026陕西西安·模拟）The scientist's __________ (origin) findings, though not widely accepted at first, later proved to be the foundation of modern medical research on infectious diseases. 11.（2026湖南长沙·模拟）Doctors warned that the patient's condition was becoming increasingly __________ (serious), requiring immediate medical attention and careful monitoring. 12.（2026辽宁沈阳·模拟）The young detective suspected the man __________ having stolen the valuable painting, but he still lacked enough solid evidence to prove his theory. 13.（2026福建福州·模拟）With the efforts of the medical team, the infection rate began __________ (go) down steadily, bringing hope to the entire community affected by the outbreak. 14.（2026江西南昌·模拟）The village __________ (become) a modern tourist destination after the local government invested heavily in building new roads and cultural facilities. 15.（2026重庆·模拟）The __________ (initiate) step in any scientific investigation is to make careful observations and collect reliable data before drawing any conclusions. Part 6 知识点默写：根据汉语提示用所学单词的适当形式完成语篇 【练习题】 19世纪伦敦爆发__________（严重的）霍乱，科学家们深感__________（沮丧的）却找不到病因。多数人__________（认同）空气传播理论，但斯诺__________（怀疑）水源才是__________（罪魁祸首）。 他__________（处理）危机，绘制地图发现疾病与水泵的__________（关联）。拆除水泵后病例__________（减少），调查__________（改变）了疾病传播认知。 斯诺的__________（最初的）发现为流行病学奠基，证明科学方法能拯救无数生命。 Part 7 关联阅读 In the summer of 1854, a (severe) outbreak of cholera struck the Soho district of London, killing over 500 people within just ten days and spreading panic throughout the densely populated city. At the time, doctors and scientists were deeply (frustrated) because nobody could explain how the disease was spreading so rapidly through the crowded neighbourhoods, and every attempt to contain it seemed to fail. Most medical experts of the day (subscribe) to the widely accepted miasma theory, which held that cholera was caused by breathing in foul air or "bad smells" from decaying waste in the streets and rivers. However, a physician named John Snow began to (suspect) that contaminated water, not bad air, was to (blame) for the deadly outbreak. Determined to (handle) this public health emergency with scientific rigor, Snow went door to door through the affected streets, interviewing local residents and carefully marking the homes of cholera victims on a detailed map of the Soho area. His systematic investigation uncovered a striking (link): nearly all of the victims had obtained their drinking water from the same public pump on Broad Street, while workers at a nearby brewery who drank beer instead of water remained healthy. Armed with this compelling evidence, Snow convinced local officials to remove the pump handle, and almost immediately the number of new cases began to (decrease). Snow's painstaking work would go on to (transform) the entire field of public health, shifting the scientific community's understanding from the miasma theory to the germ theory of disease. His (initial) investigation, conducted long before the discovery of bacteria, laid the essential groundwork for the modern science of epidemiology. 1. What was the generally accepted explanation for cholera before John Snow's investigation? A. Most medical experts subscribed to the miasma theory, believing that cholera was caused by breathing in foul or polluted air. B. Doctors had already proven that contaminated drinking water was the only possible source of the deadly cholera outbreaks. C. Scientists believed that cholera could only spread through physical contact between infected patients and healthy individuals. D. The government had officially announced that cholera was caused by a lack of proper nutrition and poor living habits among the poor. 2. What method did John Snow use to investigate the cause of the cholera outbreak? A. He traveled to other European cities to compare their cholera rates with those in London. B. He conducted laboratory experiments on water samples to identify the specific bacteria causing the disease. C. He went door to door, interviewed residents, and marked the homes of victims on a map to find a pattern. D. He asked the government to close all public water pumps in London and waited to see if the outbreak would end. 3. What happened after the Broad Street pump handle was removed? A. Local residents protested against the government's decision and demanded that the pump be reopened immediately. B. The number of new cholera cases began to decrease almost immediately, confirming Snow's theory about contaminated water. C. Nothing changed because the outbreak was actually caused by the miasma in the air rather than polluted drinking water. D. The outbreak became even more severe as people had to walk longer distances to find alternative sources of drinking water. 4. What is the main significance of John Snow's work according to the passage? A. He became the wealthiest and most famous doctor in Victorian London because of his successful investigation. B. He proved once and for all that all diseases are caused by water pollution and can be prevented by boiling drinking water. C. His research showed that the government should spend more money on building hospitals rather than improving water supply systems. D. His initial investigation transformed public health and laid the groundwork for modern epidemiology long before bacteria were discovered. 📖 本语篇覆盖的目标词汇：severe, frustrated, subscribe, suspect, blame, handle, link, decrease, transform, initial Part 8 复现知识点 — 英译汉 请根据英文写出对应汉语释义： 乐思英语 ·高考高频知识点 1. s 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 evere — __________ 2. frustrated — __________ 3. subscribe — __________ 4. suspect — __________ 5. blame — __________ 6. handle — __________ 7. link — __________ 8. decrease — __________ 9. transform — __________ 10. initial — __________ 11. severity — __________ 12. subscribe to — __________ 13. suspect (n.) — __________ 14. be to blame — __________ 15. handle (n.) — __________ 16. be linked to — __________ 17. decrease by — __________ 18. transformation — __________ 19. initials (n.) — __________ 20. take the initiative — __________ Part 9 写作运用 — 词汇升级 同义转换：用本专题词汇替换下面句中的普通词，提升写作表达： 1. The earthquake caused very serious damage to the old buildings in the city center. → The earthquake caused ____________________ damage to the old buildings in the city center. 2. After working on the same problem for hours, the student felt quite upset and discouraged about her progress. → After working on the same problem for hours, the student felt quite ____________________ about her progress. 3. I completely agree with the view that education should focus on developing students' creativity and critical thinking. → I completely ____________________ to the view that education should focus on developing students' creativity and critical thinking. 4. The police think that the man might have committed the crime, but they have not found enough proof yet. → The police ____________________ the man of having committed the crime, but they have not found enough proof yet. 5. You should not put all the responsibility on him for the team's failure because everyone in the group should share it. → You should not ____________________ him for the team's failure because everyone in the group should share the responsibility. 6. The new team leader proved to be very good at dealing with difficult situations and making quick decisions under pressure. → The new team leader proved to be very good at ____________________ difficult situations and making quick decisions under pressure. 7. Scientists have found that there is a clear connection between a healthy diet and a longer life expectancy in many populations. → Scientists have found that there is a clear ____________________ between a healthy diet and a longer life expectancy in many populations. 8. The number of students who ride bicycles to school has gone down by over 20 percent in the past three years. → The number of students who ride bicycles to school has ____________________ by over 20 percent in the past three years. 9. The small fishing village has been completely changed into a popular tourist destination over the past decade. → The small fishing village has been completely ____________________ into a popular tourist destination over the past decade. 10. His first plan was to collect data from at least 500 participants, but he later realized this goal was unrealistic. → His ____________________ plan was to collect data from at least 500 participants, but he later realized this goal was unrealistic. Part 10 语境串联复盘 — 自我检测 遮挡提示，尝试用10个目标词复述下面这条记忆链： 记忆链：severe → frustrated → subscribe → suspect → blame → handle → link → decrease → transform → initial 复述模板（填空）： 1854年伦敦爆发__________（严重的）霍乱，科学家们__________（沮丧的）。多数人__________（认同）瘴气理论，但斯诺__________（怀疑）水源应__________（承担责任）。 他__________（处理）危机，地图揭示疾病与水泵的__________（关联）。拆除水泵后病例__________（减少），调查__________（改变）了公共卫生。 斯诺的__________（最初的）发现为流行病学奠基，证明科学方法能拯救生命。 你的复述： ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ $