UNIT 2 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语新闻阅读与语言运用核心知识点，系统梳理新闻标题“新闻现在时”特点、关键句型（如be doing...when...、in case引导状语从句）及核心词汇（injure, reaction, signal等），通过文本架构分析、精读题目、词汇句型解析等学习支架，帮助学生从整体到细节掌握新闻文本。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过新闻事件逻辑分析提升学生信息梳理与推断能力，系统词汇句型练习强化语言表达，课中辅助教师引导学生深入文本，课后练习题助力学生自主巩固，查漏补缺，体现语篇分析与语言实践结合的学科教学方法。

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading [1]Pupils’ lives spared① during Falmont earthquake 　　 By Raymond Tran 　　 18 March 　　[2]FALMONT—On 17 March， 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit② the county at 2：27 p.m.Only 5 students suffered slight injuries， despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured③ in the disaster④ area at large⑤. 　　[1]英语报刊的新闻标题一般不用过去时态，通常采用现在时态，以达到使动词既传神达意又具有时间感的目的，这种用法被称作“新闻现在时”。 该标题省略了be动词are； 标题中的spared 是对新闻核心内容的提炼；后置的介词短语during Falmont earthquake点明事件发生的情境。 　　[2]句中that 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an earthquake，that 在从句中作主语。 　　[3]Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary School， was teaching when the floor began to shake. Her students’ reaction⑥ was quick and correct — they moved under their desks， head first， and held on to⑦ the legs of the desks.[4]At the same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， in case⑧ it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.[5]There were loud crashes⑨ of glass breaking and things falling to the ground， but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly. 　　[3]本句为sb was doing ... when ...句型，表示“某人正在做……，这时（突然）……”，when用作并列连词，when后的分句用一般过去时。其中head teacher at Falmont Primary School作Alice Brown的同位语。 　　[4]句中in case引导目的状语从句，意为“以防，以免”。 　　[5]本句是but连接的并列句。前一个分句中of glass breaking and things falling to the ground是介词短语作后置定语；glass breaking和 things falling to the ground是动词-ing形式的复合结构。 　　[6]The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape⑩. She signalled⑪to her students to exit⑫ the classroom in an orderly⑬ line covering their heads with their hands.Within one minute and twenty seconds， the whole class went down the stairs⑭ and rushed to the playground.Soon students from other classes arrived too.[7]After a roll call⑮ confirmed⑯ that all were safe and sound⑰， they relaxed， laughing， crying and hugging⑱ each other. 　　[6]名词短语The moment用作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”；主句谓语动词sensed后接省略that的宾语从句；it was the best time for sb to do sth 表示“是某人做某事的最好时候”。 　　[7]句中After 引导时间状语从句，从句中含有一个that引导的宾语从句that all were safe and sound；主句谓语是relaxed，三个并列的动词-ing形式laughing， crying和 hugging作伴随状语。 　　“We practise earthquake safety procedures⑲ twice a year，” said Miss Brown，“so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake.” Girl saves 100 from tsunami⑳ 　　 By Jessie Cable 　　 21 December 　　[8]NEWDALE—On 20 December， a series of㉑ huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced㉒ across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead.[9]Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life.A 10-year-old girl， Sabrina Andron， helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis. 　　[8]过去分词短语caused by ...earthquake作后置定语，修饰名词短语a series of huge waves；left thousands dead是“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。 　　[9]句中beach由the only修饰，故其后用动词不定式短语to survive ...of life作后置定语。 　　The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach.[10]People were walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy beach， enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something odd㉓.[11]“The water was like the bubbles㉔ on the top of a beer，” she later explained.“It wasn’t calm and it wasn’t going in and then out.It was just coming in and in and in.” Sabrina had just learnt about tsunamis in a Geography lesson.[12] It immediately occurred to㉕ her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami㉖. 　　[10]本句用并列结构walking， running or simply sitting ...描写了平常的一天游客们在海边悠闲、舒适的状态，与下文中海啸来临前的不平常形成强烈对比；enjoying ...their hair 为动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the soft wind。 　　[11]本句使用了明喻的修辞手法，将海水（water）的状态比喻成（like）啤酒表面的泡沫（the bubbles on the top of a beer），生动形象。 　　[12]It occurred to sb that ...表示“某人突然想到……”，其中，It 为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。 　　Sabrina was frightened， but she soon kept her head㉗.She warned her parents of the danger， though at first they just thought she was joking.[13]However， Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer.To her great relief㉘， the officer immediately realized the coming danger.The beach was rapidly cleared of㉙ people， just before the huge waves crashed into the coast. [13]句中was certain that ...和kept asking ...是并列谓语；that a terrible disaster was on its way是that引导的宾语从句。 ①spare [生义]vt.使幸免；使逃脱 ②hit vi.& vt.攻击，袭击；打击，危害 n.打，击；受欢迎的人（或事物） ③injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 injured adj.受伤的 injury n.伤害；损害 ④disaster n.灾难，灾害；彻底失败 disastrous adj.灾难性的 ⑤at large 整个，全部 ⑥reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 react vi.（对……）起反应，回应 ⑦hold on to 抓紧，不放开 hold on （接电话）请稍等 ⑧in case 以防；以防万一 in case of 如果；假使 ⑨crash n.碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃 ⑩make one’s escape 逃生 have a narrow escape死里逃生；九死一生 ⑪signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 ⑫exit vt.& vi.出去，离去，退场；退出 n.出口，通道；离开 entrance n.入口；通道；进入 the entrance/exit to ... ……的入口/出口 ⑬orderly adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的 in an orderly line 井然有序；有秩序地排队 ⑭stair n.楼梯；梯级 upstairs adv.在楼上 downstairs adv.在楼下 ⑮roll n.名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vi.& vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起 roll call 点名 ⑯confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 confirmation n.证实；确认书；证明书 ⑰safe and sound 安然无恙的 ⑱hug vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 [同义]embrace vt.拥抱，抱 ⑲procedure n.程序，步骤，手续 safety procedures 安全程序 ⑳tsunami n.海啸 ㉑a series of 一系列 [同义]a range of ㉒race vt.& vi.赛跑；比赛；快速移动；快速运转 race across 急速横渡，急速穿越 ㉓odd adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 [同义]strange， unusual [反义]normal， regular ㉔bubble n.泡沫，泡，气泡 ㉕occur vi.发生，出现；存在于 occur to 被想到，浮现在脑中 it occurs to sb that...某人突然意识到…… ㉖an approaching tsunami一场即将到来的海啸 ㉗keep one’s head （在困境中）保持冷静 ㉘relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 to one’s great relief 使某人大为宽慰的是 ㉙clear ...of sb 使某人离开 be cleared of 被清除；撤走；清空 clear up 清理；消除；（天气）放晴 参考译文 弗尔蒙特发生地震　小学生成功逃生 　　 雷蒙德·特兰 　　 3月18日 　　弗尔蒙特——3月17日下午2：27，一场地震袭击了弗尔蒙特县，弗尔蒙特小学476名学生和36名教师成功逃生。尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但（在这所学校）只有5名学生受了轻伤。 　　弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里， 爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏打不开。尽管玻璃破碎和物体落地发出阵阵巨响，但是学生们仍然一动不动，沉着安静地等待着。 　　晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。1分20秒内，全班下楼梯，跑到了操场上。很快，其他班的学生也赶到了。点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 　　“我们每年进行两次地震安全程序演练，”布朗女士说，“因此在地震时，孩子们都十分镇定，能够保护好自己。” 女孩拯救百人免遭海啸袭击 杰西·凯布尔 12月21日 　　纽代尔——12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近的海面，造成数千人死亡。金海岸海滩是当地唯一一个在此次灾难中没有任何人员损失的海滩。一个10岁的女孩，萨布丽娜·安德龙，利用自己掌握的海啸知识帮助大约100人脱险。 　　那天刚开始，金海岸海滩上与往常一样。人们在散步、晨跑，或者就是坐在沙滩上，享受着温暖的海边空气和拂过发际的微风。萨布丽娜是这些快乐的游客中的一个，直到她注意到了一些奇怪的现象。“海水像啤酒表面的泡沫一样，” 她后来解释说，“不平静，也没有潮来潮去。海水只是一个劲儿地涌过来，涌过来，再涌过来。”萨布丽娜刚在一节地理课上学习了有关海啸的知识。她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。 　　 萨布丽娜吓坏了，不过她很快冷静下来。她提醒父母有危险，但一开始他们只当她是在开玩笑。不过，萨布丽娜确信，一场可怕的灾难正在逼近，于是便不停地让父母去和安全员谈一谈。使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。就在巨浪拍岸的前一刻，海滩上的人迅速疏散一空。 第一步：析架构，理文本脉络 Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words. 第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. 1.What did Miss Brown do when she found the floor began to shake？（　　） A. She waited calmly and quietly. B.She still taught in the classroom. C.She quickly opened the classroom door. D.She signalled to her students to exit the classroom. 2.What did Miss Brown’s words in paragraph 4 show？（　　） A.Few students were always calm. B.Earthquakes often happened in Falmont. C.Miss Brown was good at dealing with all kinds of problems. D.Practising earthquake safety procedures was very important for students. 3.Which of the following words can replace the phrase “held on to” in paragraph 2？（　　） A.Grasped.　 B.Carried. C.Designed.　 D.Removed. 4.How did Sabrina’s parents react when they heard her warning at first？（　　） A. They thought she was joking. B.They cleared the beach rapidly. C.They told the safety officer immediately. D.They immediately realized the coming danger. 5.What’s the right order according to the second passage？（　　） a.Sabrina’s parents didn’t believe her words. b.Sabrina’s parents talked to the safety officer. c.The beach was rapidly cleared of people by the safety officer. d.People were enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind happily. e.Sabrina noticed something unusual and told her parents. A.cdeba　　　 B.eabcd C.cbaed　 D.deabc 6.Which of the following can best describe Sabrina？（　　） A.Frank and brave. B.Wise and calm. C.Responsible and generous. D.Energetic and independent. 答案：1－6　CDAADB 第三步：通词句，学语言表达 1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词 这两则新闻报道多次使用crash和escape，但在不同的句子中，其词性、词义也不尽相同。 （1）请从课文中找出使用crash的句子，指出它们的词性并背诵句子。 ①　There were loud crashes of glass breaking and things falling to the ground， but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.（名词）　 ②　The beach was rapidly cleared of people， just before the huge waves crashed into the coast.（动词）　 （2）请从课文中找出使用escape的句子，指出它们的词性并背诵句子。 ①　On 17 March， 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School escaped an earthquake that hit the county at 2：27 p.m.（动词）　 ②　The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.（名词）　 ③　A 10-year-old girl， Sabrina Andron， helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis.（动词）　 2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法 （1）明喻是通常用比喻词对两个不同的事物进行比较的一种常见的比喻类型，明喻直接表明本体和喻体的相似之处，喻体和本体的相似之处都是拥有“包容”的特点。常用的明喻标志词有 like， as， seem， as ...as， as if， as though， similar to等。 请从课文中找出一处使用明喻的句子。 　“The water was like the bubbles on the top of a beer，” she later explained.　 （2）场景描写：在描述场景时，使用视觉和听觉进行细节描述，能让读者有身临其境之感。 请从课文中找出一处场景描写的句子。 　People were walking， running or simply sitting on the sandy beach， enjoying the warm sea air and the soft wind that brushed their hair.　 核心词汇集释 1.injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 教材原句　Only 5 students suffered slight injuries， despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large. 尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但（在这所学校）只有5名学生受了轻伤。 【用法】 （1）injure one’s pride/feelings 伤害某人的自尊/情感 （2）injured adj.　　受伤的，有伤的 be/get badly/seriously injured　严重受伤 the injured 　　受伤的人；伤员 （3）injury n.　　伤；伤害；损伤 do an injury to sb＝do sb an injury伤害某人 【佳句】　Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby， and fortunately the injuries were not serious， not life threatening. 救援人员表示，受伤人员被送往附近医院，幸运的是，伤势并不严重，没有生命危险。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I’m confident that he will recover from the 　injury　 （injure） soon. ②If you try to lift that heavy suitcase， you will do an injury 　to　 yourself. ③The people 　injured　 （injure） in the big fire were sent to the nearest hospital at once. ④（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）But it was so demanding， and I was afraid of getting 　injured　 （injure）， so I went bike riding. 【写美】　完成句子 ⑤Don’t touch the chemicals — you’ll 　injure yourself/do yourself an injury　. 不要触摸那些化学制品——你会伤着自己的。 2.reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 教材原句　Her students’ reaction was quick and correct—they moved under their desks， head first， and held on to the legs of the desks. 她的学生们反应迅速、正确——他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并紧紧抓住桌腿。 【用法】 （1）reaction to　　　　对……的反应 （2）react vi.　　（对……）起反应；回应；（对食物等）有不良反应 react to　　对……作出反应/回应 react on/upon　　对……有影响 react with　　与……发生化学反应 react against　　反对；反抗 （3）reactive adj.　　反应的；电抗的；活性的 【佳句】　The students reacted to the teacher’s humorous story with bursts of laughter. 学生们对老师讲的幽默故事报以阵阵笑声。 Ozone is produced through the reaction of ultraviolet light with oxygen. 臭氧是通过紫外线与氧气的反应产生的。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The students reacted 　to　 the school’s environmental protection campaign with active participation. ②This produced a chain 　reaction　 （react）， which made it possible for life to develop. ③Besides， in tennis you must learn to be 　reactive　（react）， because you don’t know how long the match lasts. 【写美】　一句多译 ④你认为他会对你的建议作何反应？ →How do you think 　he will react to your suggestion　？（react） →What do you think 　his reaction to your suggestion will be　？（reaction） 3.signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 教材原句　She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. 她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。 【用法】 （1）signal （to） sb to do sth 　示意某人做某事 signal sth to sb 　　向某人示意某事 signal （sb） that ... 　　示意（某人）…… （2）traffic signals 　　交通信号灯 a danger/warning signal 　　危险/警告信号 【佳句】　Pedestrians should cross the road only when the traffic signals allow it. 行人应该只在交通信号灯允许时过马路。 （人教必修二）For example， I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.例如，当我无人防守，可以好好射一个球的时候，我已学会用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我。 【练透】　单句语法填空/语境辨义 ①As soon as he sat down at the table， he signalled to the waiter 　to bring　 （bring） the menu. ②The policeman signalled the driver 　to cross　 （cross） the road when the light turned green. ③This announcement signalled a clear change of policy.　　vt.预示；表明　 ④Chest pains can be a warning signal of heart problems.　　n.信号　 ⑤She signalled （that） it was time to leave.　　vi.示意　 【写美】　完成句子 ⑥The referee 　signalled the players that　 the game was about to start. 裁判员向球员们示意比赛即将开始。 4.confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 教材原句　After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound， they relaxed， laughing， crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊，互相拥抱着。 【用法】 （1）confirm that ...　　 证实……；确定…… confirm sb in sth 　　使某人确信某事 confirm one’s belief/determination　　坚定某人的信念/决心 It has been confirmed that ...　　已经确定…… （2）confirmation n.　　证实；确认书；证明书 【佳句】　The support from her family confirmed her determination to pursue a career in the arts. 家人的支持坚定了她从事艺术事业的决心。 I called the airline to confirm that my flight was on time.我打电话给航空公司，证实我的航班准点。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It is your encouragement that confirms me 　in　 the belief that I will surely win the competition. ②We are still awaiting 　confirmation　 （confirm） of the exact number of people injured. ③It 　has been confirmed　 （confirm） that we will go to climb a mountain， where we can have a picnic. 【写美】　翻译句子 ④已经确定会议将于下周召开。 　It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.　 5.occur vi.（occurred， occurred； occurring）发生，出现；存在于 教材原句　It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这些是海啸来临的征兆。 【用法】 occur to 　　　　　　　被想到，浮现在脑中 sth occurs to sb　　某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that ...　　某人突然想起…… It occurs to sb to do sth 　　某人突然想起做某事 【佳句】　To be honest，many mistakes occurred during the process. 说实话，在这个过程中出现了很多错误。 【点津】　occur 没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①An excellent idea occurred 　to　 me when I was picking up my child. ②He was unconscious and as I looked at his face， something 　occurred　 （occur） to me. ③　It　 occurs to him that he has an important meeting tomorrow. 【写美】　翻译句子 ④（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）我从没想过这次户外美术课会取得如此大的成功。 　It never occurred to/hit/struck me that this outdoor art class would make such a great success.　 6.relief n.宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 教材原句　To her great relief， the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 使她大为宽慰的是，这名安全员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。 【用法】 （1）to one’s （great） relief使某人（深感）宽慰的是 with relief 　　如释重负；松了口气 sigh with relief　　松了口气 disaster relief　　赈灾物资 It is a relief to do sth 　　做某事是令人欣慰的 breathe a sigh of relief 　　如释重负地松了口气 What a relief！ 　　总算轻松了！ （2）relieve vt.　　减轻；缓解；消除；救济 relieve sb of sth 　　缓解/减轻某人的（痛苦、负担等）；解除……的职务 （3）relieved adj.　　感到欣慰的 【佳句】　Knowing that he was safe， I let out a sigh of relief.知道他是安全的，我松了口气。 It was a relief to be able to talk to your parents about what your trouble was. 能和父母谈谈你的烦恼是一种解脱。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little 　relief　 （relieve）. ②The officer involved 　was relieved　 （relieve） of his duties because he had violated strict guidelines. 【写美】　完成句子 ③　To our great relief　， the children all arrived home safely. 使我们大为宽慰的是，孩子们都安全到家了。 ④Behind me I could hear other girls 　sigh with relief/breathe a sigh of relief　. 我能听到身后其他几个女孩都如释重负地松了口气。 ⑤　It was a relief to hear that　 they had returned， safe and sound. 听说他们安然无恙地回来了，让人松了口气。 7.inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知 教材原句　Remember to inform yourself of what is going on.记得要了解事态的进展。 【用法】 （1）inform sb of/about sth 　　告知某人某事 inform sb that/where/how ... 　　通知某人…… keep sb informed of/about sth 使某人随时了解某事 （2）information n.　　[U]信息；资料 a piece of information　　一则消息 （3）informative adj.提供有用信息的；给予知识的 【佳句】　We will inform you in writing if your application has been successful. 如果你的申请获得成功，我们将以书面形式通知你。 Keep me informed of any developments. 随时通知我进展情况。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The boss asked his secretary to keep him well 　informed　 （inform） of the programme’s progress. ②（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide， this walk promises to be an 　informative　 （inform） tour. 【写美】　句型转换 ③Would you please inform me of/about your plan in advance so that I can make arrangements accordingly？ →Would you please 　keep me informed of/about　 your plan in advance so that I can make arrangements accordingly？ 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：be doing ...when ...正在做……，这时（突然）…… 教材原句　Alice Brown， head teacher at Falmont Primary School， was teaching when the floor began to shake.弗尔蒙特小学校长艾丽斯·布朗当时正在授课，突然地面开始晃动。 【用法】 正要做……，这时…… （2）had （just） done ...when ...　刚做完……，这时…… （3）hardly ...when ...　　正要做……；这时…… 注意：上述句型中，when用作并列连词，相当于and at this/that time。 【品悟】　He had （just） finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano. 他刚做完作业，这时妈妈要求他弹钢琴。 【写美】　完成句子 ①She 　was wandering through the street when　 she caught sight of a tailor’s shop. 她正在街上徘徊，这时忽然看见一家裁缝店。 ②I 　was on the point of giving up when/was about to give up when　 the teacher’s encouragement gave me the courage to answer the question. 我正要放弃，这时老师的鼓励给了我回答这个问题的勇气。 ③The professor 　had just finished his speech when　 students rushed out of the classroom. 教授刚结束了演讲，这时学生们冲出了教室。 2.句型公式：in case引导目的状语从句 教材原句　At the same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏打不开。 【用法】 （1）in case常见的三种用法： ①用作连词，引导目的状语从句，意为“以防（发生某事）”； ②用作连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，假使”； ③起副词作用，在句中作状语，可单独使用，意为“以防万一”。 （2）in case of 　　　　 如果，假使（发生某事） in any case 　　无论如何，不管怎样 in this/that case 　　如果是这样/那样的话；在这种/那种情况下 as is often the case 　　这是常有的事 in no case 决不（置于句首时，句子用部分倒装） 【品悟】　In case he arrives before I get back， please ask him to wait.如果我回来前他就到了，请叫他等我。 We packed a first-aid kit， just in case. 我们装了一个急救包，以防万一。 【写美】　完成句子/句式升级 ①You had better take an umbrella with you 　in case it rains　.　 你最好带把伞，以防下雨。 ②　In case of bad weather　， the outdoor activities will be postponed. 如果天气不好，户外活动将延期举行。 ③The couple argue about small things， 　as is often the case　. 这对夫妇为小事争吵，这是常有的事。 ④　In any case　， we must finish this project on time. 不管怎样，我们必须按时完成这个项目。 ⑤We should in no case do anything that goes against the law. →　In no case should we　 do anything that goes against the law.（部分倒装） 维度一：品句填词 根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1.Scientists are developing a new procedure　 to detect this rare disease more accurately. 2.It has been confirmed　 that the World Internet Conference will take place next week. 3.（人教必修三）However， while such disasters　 brought much sadness and disappointment， the desire to explore the universe did not die. 4.The little girl hugged　 her grandmother tightly when she saw her after a long time. 5.The trapped hiker 　signalled　 （发信号） wildly for help but unfortunately nobody noticed. 6.A small plane 　crashed　 （坠毁） into a hillside five miles east of the city， killing all four people on board. 7.When I was looking for the 　exit　 （出口）， I saw that shoes were actually sold downstairs on the ground floor， not the first floor. 8.Ms Brown slowly climbed the 　stairs　 （楼梯）， feeling a bit tired after a long day. 9.Smiling at us brightly， the old man 　rolled　 （卷起） up his sleeves and got down to work. 10.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Biodiversity apps can use our study results to 　inform　 （通知） users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. 维度二：词形转换 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1.When she heard the news that her son was safe， a look of 　relief　 （relieve） crossed her face. 2.He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong 　reaction　 （react）. 3.She visited the 　injured　 （injure） boy in the hospital and brought him some flowers. 4.You should keep us 　informed　 （inform） whenever you are in trouble. 5.A 　 destructive　 （destroy） tornado tore through the countryside， destroying farms and homes. 6.The city has an 　orderly　 （order） traffic system， which reduces the risk of accidents. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。 1.她正在公园里散步，突然下起雨来了。（be doing ... when ...） She 　was walking in the park when　 it suddenly started to rain. 2.请留下电话号码，以防我们再次和你失去联系。（in case） Please leave your phone number 　in case we lose touch with you again　. 3.汤姆旷课让他的父母很担心。（动词-ing形式的复合结构） 　Tom’s being absent from school　 worried his parents. 4.我们二十年没有见面了，但是我一见到他就认出他来了。（the moment引导时间状语从句） We hadn’t met each other for 20 years but I recognised him 　the moment I saw him　. 5.他没完成作业就去踢足球了。（leave＋宾语＋宾补） He 　left his homework unfinished　 and went to play football. 6.当我遇到麻烦时，他是唯一一个帮我很多忙的人。（the only＋名词＋to do ...） He was 　the only one to help me　 a lot when I was in trouble. 7.她洗澡的时候想到了一个好主意。（occur to） A good idea 　occurred to her when she was taking a shower. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·山东德州乐陵一中月考）Meat， milk， cheese — just some of the things provided by goats.But now we can also add fire safety to this list.As wildfires damage increasingly large areas of the planet each year， goatherds （牧羊人） may offer a way of reducing the risk. 　　Wildfires are made possible by hot， dry weather conditions as well as a supply of dead plants that serve as fuel.We may have limited control over the former factor， but we can control the latter.Reducing the fuel load lowers the possibility of wildfires occurring， as well as the amount of damage caused.This is where we can turn to goats to search for a solution， which are being used for landscape management in a number of places around the world， including Greece， Spain， Portugal， Chile and a number of parts of the United States. 　　Goats have an extremely powerful digestive （消化的） system.Many kinds of plants that are dangerous to other animals can be easily eaten by goats.It’s not just fully-grown plants that goats are able to deal with： any seeds that pass through a goat can’t survive and will not grow.Human clearance teams have to worry about getting to the hard-to-reach places where plants grow but goats don’t.They are skilled mountain climbers and when standing on their hind legs， they can reach up to two metres to the plants that humans would struggle to reach.Because of this， using goats can reduce both the possibility of workplace accidents and the amount of money spent on fire protection measures.Goatherds have been found to clear some parts of land for a third of the price of human control teams. 　　Cost and safety aren’t the only benefits.Goats are quieter than grass-cutting machines and people usually prefer to see goats eating grass rather than litres of herbicide （除草剂）.Children are often attracted to see the goats at work and this provides an opportunity to educate people about preventing wildfires. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们利用山羊来清除引起火灾的枯死植物，从而预防野火。 1.Why can goats help to prevent wildfires？（　　） A.They are not afraid of bad weather. B.They are easily controlled by goatherds. C.They have the strongest digestive system. D.They can remove dead plants causing fire. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句以及最后一句可知，山羊可以帮助防止野火因为它们可以清除引起火灾的枯死植物。 2.What is the main idea of paragraph 3？（　　） A.The fire protection measures that people often take. B.The reasons why goats are used to prevent wildfires. C.The difficulty human clearance teams have preventing fire. D.The effects goats have on the natural balance of mountains. 解析：B　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，本段讲述的是用山羊来防止野火的原因。 3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph？（　　） A.Herbicide will not be used to remove grass soon. B.Children like goats because of their quiet character. C.It’s a green way to prevent wildfires by using goats. D.Herbicide works better than grass-cutting machines. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，用山羊来防止野火是一种绿色的方式。 4.Which can be a suitable title for the text？（　　） A.Firefighting Goats B.Clever Goatherds C.Damage Caused by Wildfires D.Ways to Prevent Disasters 解析：A　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要讲述的是有些国家和地区正在用一种不同寻常的方法来消防减灾——用山羊清除引起火灾的枯死植物，从而预防野火。A项（消防山羊）最适合作为文章标题。 B 　　（2025·江苏盐城陈洋中学期中）In 2015， Chennai was destroyed by one of the worst floods in over a century， leaving thousands without food， water and supplies.During the flood， many heroes arose， one of whom was Santosh， a young man who owned a take-out restaurant in Chennai. 　　When the first flood hit in November， he got a call from a company called Naga Rava.The company asked him to prepare 5，000 packets of food and give them to the flood victims.He， with his partners， took the order， cooked for 14 hours and delivered （递送） them.But that night， as they sat together discussing the event of the day， they actually felt ashamed （羞愧）.“Here was a man not even from Chennai and he was going out of his way to help the affected people.We， while living here， had not really done anything ourselves for our own people，” said Santosh later. 　　He then began the groundwork for a collection to help cook more dishes.Little did he know that the November flood was just the beginning， and the real show was about to begin.The December flood affected them all.His own house got flooded and his family was trapped on the second floor.They lost phone connection and electricity.In spite of this， Santosh went back out into the flood， creating a kitchen and preparing food all by himself for the victims. 　　He did not sleep for four days， taking a one-hour break every day as he kept on cooking.As word got out about this man’s effort， others stepped out to join him.From children to the elderly， strangers came to help him in cooking， packing and transporting food.Up to 300 volunteers worked together to make it all happen.By the time the fourth day finally came to an end， Santosh and his team had prepared 170，000 food boxes and delivered them to people in need. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在金奈发生一个多世纪以来最严重的洪灾期间，Santosh和一些好心人准备了170000份盒饭救援灾区的故事。 5.What inspired Santosh to help the affected people？（　　） A.A call for help. B.His cooking skills. C.An act of kindness of a stranger. D.The encouragement from his partners. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中Santosh所说的话可推知，是一个陌生人的善举激励Santosh帮助灾民。 6.What does “the real show” in the third paragraph refer to？（　　） A.The help and support. B.The severer flood. C.Santosh’s family suffering. D.Santosh’s cooking more food. 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据第三段画线部分所在句及下一句可知，12月份的洪水比11月份造成的后果更严重。由此推测，the real show指的是12月更严重的洪水。 7.Which of the following can best describe Santosh？（　　） A.Energetic and helpful. B.Determined and clever. C.Selfless and caring. D.Kind and wise. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Santosh的家也遭受了洪水，但是他依然去帮助其他受灾的人们。由此推断，他无私且乐于助人。 8.What is the best title for the text？（　　） A.Many Hands Make Light Work B.Kindness Is Its Own Reward C.Major Floods Brought Challenges to People D.A Man Cooked 170，000 Meals for the Affected 解析：D　标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了在一次洪灾期间，Santosh和一些好心人准备盒饭救援灾区的故事。D项（一名男子为受灾群众做了17万份饭菜）为本文最佳标题。 C 　　（2025·河南漯河高中月考）Destructive earthquakes rock the world from time to time.Nothing can be done to prevent them from striking.The best way to ease these future disasters is to draw maps of the underworld， recording every fault and tracking its behavior. 　　To create those maps， researchers employ little machines that sense and record all sorts of vibrations （震动）.This work， historically， has been extremely careful and sometimes inaccurate.When Zachary Ross， an assistant geophysics professor， started in the field in the early 2010s， he sought a new way forward.“Even the best computer programs at the time missed certain earthquakes.There had to be a better way，” he says.He conducted the study in California which is so geologically active and there were more data than human experts alone could reasonably handle. 　　In 2017 Ross started to focus on tiny quakes.They might be harmless， but that doesn’t make them unimportant — their waves can clarify each fault they pass through， including the more precarious， stress-loaded ones that may one day crack and set off a disaster.Ross and his colleagues set an algorithm （算法） upon the seismic （地震的） record.The algorithm quickly identified nearly two million previously hidden tiny quakes. 　　However， his program could only find earthquakes in the seismic record that it was taught to recognize.So Ross turned to more advanced tools： self-learning programs， software that could take pre-existing information and make predictions about the future — in this case， what a vastly wider variety of earthquakes might sound like.Very quickly， these programs found all sorts of unfamiliar-sounding quakes — later confirmed by human scientists.“You just see so many things that were completely missed，” Ross says. 　　These AI learning programs can also be used to boost the speed and accuracy （精确度） of earthquake early-warning systems — largely autonomous programs that forecast threats to life and property in the moments after an earthquake starts and send people emergency text messages before seismic waves reach them.But for all their promise， AI programs won’t replace human scientists.“They’re just tools，” Ross says — ones that in time， he suspects， will become as ordinary as seismometers （地震仪） themselves. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种利用人工智能程序来绘制地下断层图，以预测地震的新方法。 9.What inspired Ross to carry out the new study？（　　） A.The massive amounts of data available. B.The geographical location of California. C.The limitation of the traditional method. D.The breakdown of the computer programs. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中Ross所说的话可知，传统方法的局限性激发了罗斯进行新的研究。 10.What does the underlined word “precarious” in paragraph 3 mean？（　　） A.Unusual.　 B.Unstable. C.Inaccessible.　 D.Incomparable. 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的stress-loaded ones that may one day crack and set off a disaster可知，这些断层有一天可能会破裂并引发灾难。由此推测，precarious意为“不稳定的”。 11.What is the advantage of self-learning programs over Ross’ algorithm？（　　） A.They forecast novel earthquakes. B.They helped restore hidden faults. C.They could detect missing things. D.They relied on previous information. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知，自学程序的优势在于它们能够预测出新型的地震。 12.What do we know about the AI programs from the last paragraph？（　　） A.They give warnings in advance. B.They will replace seismometers. C.They outperform warning systems. D.They serve as an efficiency booster. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中These AI learning programs ... early-warning systems可知，人工智能程序可以提高效率。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2025·广东东莞五校联考）Earthquakes are one type of natural disaster you simply can’t see coming.Earthquake preparation is the best way to deal with a confusing time.13.（　　）. 　　Examine weak points in your home and make a plan to strengthen them.Protect your space or your home by finding out dangers and fixing moveable things.The shaking ground could move almost anything.14.（　　）， and move the heavier things onto lower shelves. 　　Create an earthquake safety plan with your family.It’s key to create and practice an emergency plan with your family so that everyone knows what to do during a time of an earthquake.15.（　　）.It can help reduce fears， especially in young children. 　　Pick safe spaces in every room to take shelter in.It may be under a strong piece of furniture which can protect you from falling objects or against any inside wall away from windows， bookshelves， or tall furniture that could fall on you. 　　Learn earthquake emergency plans at your workplace， children’s school or daycare center.Disaster can strike at any moment.16.（　　）.It’s also wise to make a note of how you plan to communicate with each other and how to let loved ones know you’re safe.Remember that cell phones may be unreliable （不可靠的） after an earthquake. 　　17.（　　）.Earthquakes usually last around one minute but if the damage is big enough， you could be trapped for a much longer period of time.You should have a bag containing medical equipment， food， water， flashlights and so on. A.Prepare an emergency bag B.Prepare for more damage and danger C.Talk about ways each family member can act as a team D.Push top-heavy pieces such as bookshelves away from beds or sofas E.The preparation depends on a well-practiced plan and ready supplies F.Here’s something you need to know about how to prepare for an earthquake G.So it is necessary to learn how to prepare for an earthquake in any environment 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何为家庭制定地震防范应急计划。 13.F　文章开头提到地震是无法预知的自然灾害，而地震预防是应对这种混乱时期的最佳方式。F项（以下是关于如何为地震做准备你需要知道的一些事情）承上启下。 14.D　此段主要讲检查家中的薄弱点并加固，以及保持家中空间。上文提到晃动的地面可能会使东西移动，D项（把像书架这样头重脚轻的东西从床或沙发旁推开）是具体的保护措施。 15.C　此段是关于和家人一起制定地震安全计划，C项（讨论每个家庭成员作为一个团队可以采取的行动方式）与上文的制定家庭应急计划相呼应。 16.G　上文提到灾难随时可能发生，G项（所以学习在任何环境下如何为地震做准备是很有必要的）与上文形成因果关系，强调了在不同环境下学习地震预防的必要性。 17.A　下文提到准备装有医疗设备、食物、水、手电筒等物品的包，A项（准备一个应急包）概括了下文内容。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $