Unit 1 Lights, camera, action!-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（译林版）

Unit 1 Lights, camera action! 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：主谓-致(Subject-verb agreement) ☆同步语法二：非谓语动词作定语（现在分词/过去分词/不定式） 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 主谓一致指句子中谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。这是英语语法中的核心规则， 也是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作中的高频考点。主谓一致主要遵循三大原则：语法一致、 意义一致、就近原则。 (二)核心用法与分类 原则 说明 例句 The student is 语法一致 谓语动词与主语的语法形式（单/复数）保持一致，不 reading.The 考虑实际意义。 students are reading The class is large. 谓语动词取决于主语所表达的实际意义（如集体名词 The class are 意义一致 强调整体用单数，强调成员用复数)。 discussing heatedly. 谓语动词与最靠近它的主语部分保持一致，常见于 Either the teacher 就近原则 there be句型以及 or the students either...or.../neither...nor.../not only...but also.等结构。 are wrong. (三)高考高频考点详解 1.and连接两个并列主语 ⊙若表示两个不同的人物，谓语用复数。 例：Tom and Jerry are good friends.. ⊙若表示同一人物（即第二个名词前无冠词），谓语用单数。 g例：The singer and dancer is very popular.. Q若each/every/no/many a修饰并列主语，谓语用单数。 O例：Every boy and every girl has a chance 2.either...or.../neither...nor...not only...but also... ⊙遵循就近原则：谓语与最近的主语一致。 Neither the manager nor his assistants were present. Not only the students but also the teacher knows the answer. 3.a number of /the number of ⊙a number of+复数名词：意为"许多”，谓语用复数。 例：A number of students are waiting outside, the number of+复数名词：意为"..的数量”，谓语用单数。 The number of applicants has increased dramatically. 4.分数/百分数/部分量词+of+名词 谓语取决于of后的名词（即被修饰的主体）的单复数。 例：Two-thirds of the work is done, Seventy percent of the population are living in cities. 常见量词：half of,the rest of,most of,some of,all of,plenty of,a lot of,lots of, enough of等。 5.集体名词(class,team,family,audience,government,committee等) 强调整体→谓语用单数 强调成员个体→谓语用复数 例：The family is planning a trip.(整体) 例：The family are all early risers.(成员) 6.there be句型 遵循就近原则。 例：There is a book and two pens on the desk. 例：There are two chairs and a table in the room. 7.定语从句中谓语动词与先行词一致 关系代词作主语时，谓语动词与先行词的数保持一致。 He is one of the students who have won the prize He is the only one of the students who has won the prize 8.倒装句中主谓一致 倒装结构下，谓语动词仍与真正的主语保持一致。 例：On the wall hang two famous paintings, 例：Here comes the bus: 9.不定代词作主语(each,one,either,neither,someone,everybody等) 通常视为单数，谓语用单数。 例：Everyone is responsible for his own health. 例：Neither of the answers is correct.. 10.表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语 通常被视作整体，谓语用单数。 例：Ten years is a long time. 例：$l00 is enough for this meal. 二、专项练习 (一）单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The number of people who have access to the Internet rapidly in recent years A.have increased B.has increased C.is increased D.are increasing 2.Neither the teacher nor the students satisfied with the result of the exam. A.is B.was C.are D.has been 3.Every boy and every girl in this school required to wear a school uniform. A.are B.is C.have been D.were 4.Going to bed early and getting up early a good habit A.is B.are C.have been D.were 5.The committee divided in their opinions on the new policy. A.is B.are C.has been D.was 6.Twenty percent of the land in this area covered with forests. A.is B.are C.have been D.were 7.He is one of the engineers who sent to work in the remote area A.is B.has been C.was D.were 8.Here the three letters you've been expecting. A.is B.comes C.have D.are 9.Three days_ not enough for such a difficult project. A.is B.are C.have been D.were 10.Either the manager or his assistant going to attend the conference. A.is B.are C.have been D.were (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式（注意主谓一致）填空。 1.The quality of the products _(have)improved greatly this year. 2.A large amount of money_ (be)spent on the new railway project 3.Not only the parents but also their child (like)the new neighborhood 4.The old,together with the young, (enjoy)the concert last night. 5.More than one student (be)late for the first class this morning. 6.The rest of the milk (have)turned sour. 7.Each of the candidates (deserve)a fair chance to speak 8.Physics (be)one of the most difficult subjects for many high school students. (三)篇章语法填空（10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的适当形式（注意主谓一致）。 The number of international students studying in our university 1. (increase)steadily over the past three years. Most of them 2. (come)from Asian countries,and the majority 3. (be)interested in engineering and business. Every year,a group of exchange students,together with their professors,4. (organize)a cultural festival on campus. Either the dean or the organizers 5. (be)responsible for the event,and the whole university 6.(look)forward to it. Not only the students but also the teachers 7. (take)part in the activities last year. There 8. (be)a series of lectures on global issues scheduled for next month. The rest of the schedule 9. (be)still under discussion. What the committee 10. (decide)becomes the final rule for everyone. 三、参考答案 (一）)单项 选择 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.A;5.B;6.A;7.D;8.D;9.A;10.A (二)用所 给词的适当 1.has 2.is 3.likes 4.enjoyed 5.was 6.has 7.deserves 8.is 形式填空 (三)篇章 1.has increased 2.come 3.are 4.organize 5.are 6.looks 7.took 语法填空 8.are 9.is 10.decides 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义与分类 非谓语动词作定语时，用于修饰名词或代词，相当于形容词。根据与被修饰名词之间的逻 辑关系，分为三种形式： 形式 核心含义 逻辑关系 时间参照 现在分词 与谓语同时或正在进 主动、进行 名词发出动作 (doing) 行 过去分词 名词承受动作或动作已 被动、完成 通常发生在谓语之前 (done) 完成 将来、目的、可能 不定式(todo) 名词将要发出或承受动作 发生在谓语之后 性 (二)位置规则与用法详解 1.前置定语（单个非谓语动词） 形式 位置 示例 含义 现在分 词 名词前 a running boy 一个正在跑步的男孩（主动、进行） 过去分 名词前 a broken window 一扇被打碎的窗户（被动、完成） 词 极少单独前 a to-be teacher 不定式 置 通常不单独前置 (少用) 2.后置定语 (短语形式) 形式 位置 示例 定语从句转换 现在分词 名词 The boy running on the who is running on the 短语 后 playground is my brother playground 过去分词 名词 The letter written by my sister is which was written by my 短语 后 on the desk. sister 不定式短 名词 The work to be finished which is to be finished 语 后 tomorrow is hard. tomorrow (三)三种形式的核心对比与易错点 1.语态与时间对比表 对比 现在分词(doing) 过去分词(done) 维度 不定式(todo) 被动/完成（不及物动词 主动或被动（取决于动词及 语态 主动 仅完成) 物性) 通常发生在谓语之前 发生在谓语之后（将要发 时间 与谓语同步或正在进行 (已完成) 生) 典型 The falling leaves(正 The fallen leaves(已 The leaves to fall soon 例句 在飘落的叶子) 落下的叶子) (即将飘落的叶子) 2.高考高频考点详解 1考点@：区分主动与被动（最核心） The exciting news excited everyone.(news分人兴奋，主动) The excited fans cheered.(fans感到兴奋，被动/状态) The question to discuss is important.(尚未讨论，主动不定式) The question discussed yesterday was important.(已讨论，被动) 2.考点②：不定式作定语的特殊用法 常修饰：ability,chance,decision,plan,way,time等抽象名词 例：the ability to solve problems(解决问题的能力) 被动形式：The book to be published next month is popular..(将要被出版) 3.考点③：不及物动词的过去分词仅表完成 fallen leaves(落叶，已完成)≠falling leaves(正在落的叶子) retired teacher(退休教师)一retire为不及物动词，无被动含义 gone days(逝去的日子) 4.考点④：不定式与分词作定语的时间差异 The bridge built last year(去年建的，已完成) The bridge being built now(正在建的) The bridge to be built next year(明年要建的) (四)易错警示与特殊结构 1.现在分词与过去分词作定语时，注意系表结构中的形容词化分词 a surprising story(今人惊讶的故事) a surprised look(惊讶的表情) 此类分词已近形容词，需根据主语感受判断 2.不定式的逻辑主语与被修饰名词的关系 主动关系：用主动不定式：I have a lot of work to do.(我去做) 被动关系：用被动不定式：He is the person to be trusted.(他值得被信任) 注意：若句子主语是动词的逻辑主语，常可用主动形式表被动含义： I have a letter to write.(我写)≠The letter to be written is for him. (信被写) 3.高考中常见的混搭错误 X The window breaking by the boy(应改为broken) X The problem discussing now(应改为being discussed或discussed根据 时间) X The man to come yesterday(应改为came或coming) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（共10小题，每小题只有一个最佳选项） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The news made everyone present feel very excited. A.exciting B.excited C.excite D.to excite 2.The bridge last year is now open to traffic A.building B.built C.to build D.being built 3.Do you know the girl a red dress over there? A.worn B.wearing C.to wear D.being worn 4.The meeting tomorrow will be of great importance A.held B.holding C.to be held D.being held 5.The students were waiting for the exam results nervously. A.worrying B.worried C.to worry D.worry 6.I have a lot of problems at the moment. A.to solve B.solving C.solved D.being solved 7.The language in that area is quite different from standard Mandarin. A.speaking B.spoken C.to speak D.being spoken 8.There are still many problems before we can complete the project. A.solving B.solved C.to solve D.being solved 9.The leaves covered the ground like a golden carpet. A.falling B.fallen C.to fall D.being fallen 10.The teacher asked us to pick out the words incorrectly. A.using B.used C.to use D.being used (二)用所给词的适当形式填空（共8小题） 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确形式填空（注意非谓语动词作定语）。 1.A (break)glass is lying on the floor.Be careful! 2.The building (complete)next year will serve as a library. 3.The .(disappoint)fans left the stadium after their team lost. 4.We need more volunteers_(help)with the charity event. 5.The story (tell)by the old man moved everyone to tears 6.The (rise)sun painted the whole sky in beautiful colors. 7.The plan (discuss)at the meeting last week has been put into practice. 8.Do you have anything (declare)before entering the country? (三)篇章语法填空（共12小题） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的正确形式（注意非谓语动词作定语）。 Last month,our school organized a trip to an ancient temple 1. (locate)in the mountains.This temple,2. (build)over 800 years ago, is one of the best-preserved historical sites in our province.The 3._ (fall)eaves(飞檐)and4.__(paint)beams(房梁)still show the splendid skills of ancient craftsmen. Inside the temple,we saw many treasures,including a bronze bell 5. (use)for morning prayers and some scriptures ()6.(write)by famous monks.There was also a beautiful garden 7.(surround)by ancient walls.The flowers 8. (bloom)in the garden gave off a pleasant fragrance. A guide 9. (call)Mr.Chen told us many legends about the temple.He pointed to a pagoda (10. (stand)on the hill and said it was built to store Buddhist relics.The steps 11. (lead)to the pagoda are made of stone.Before leaving,we bought some souvenirs 12. (make)by local artists 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.B;4.C;5.B;6.A;7.B;8.C;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.broken;2.to be completed;3.disappointed;4.to help;5.told; 形式填空 6.rising;7.discussed;8.to declare (三)篇章 1.located;2.built;3.fallen;4.painted;5.used;6.written; 语法填空 7.surrounded;8.blooming;9.called;10.standing;11.leading; 12.made