Unit 3 Getting along with others-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（译林版）

Unit 3 Getting along with others 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：限制性定语从句（关系代词） ★同步语法二：词汇搭配(collocations) 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 限制性定语从句(Restrictive Attributive Clause)是对先行词进行限定、明确其身份或属性 的从句。如果去掉该从句，主句意义不完整或含义发生改变。关系代词(Relative Pronouns)在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语或定语，连接主从句。 关系代词 先行词（人） 在从句中的作用 注意事项 物) 主语、宾语（非正 who 式) 口语中可代替whom whom 宾语（正式） 介词后必须用whom whose 人物 定语（所有格） of whom of which which 物/事 主语、宾语 不能指人 不能用于非限制性从句；不能用在介 that 人物 主语、宾语、表语 词后 (二)核心用法与位置 限制性定语从句必须紧跟在先行词之后，无逗号分隔。关系代词的选用取决于先行词和从句中 的句法功能。 1.先行词指人时 主语：用who/that O例句：The student who/that won the prize is from Class 1. 宾语：用whom/who/that(可省略) O例句：The teacher(whom/who/that)we met yesterday is very strict. 定语：用whose(表示"某人的") ⑧例句：I know the boy whose father is a pilot. 2.先行词指物时 主语：用which/that 例句：The building which/that stands at the corner is a library.. 宾语：用which/that(可省略) 例句：The book(which/that)I borrowed from the library is interesting. 定语：用whose(表示"某物的")=of which ⑧例句：The house whose roof/the roof of which was damaged is being repaired. 3.关系代词作介词宾语时 介词提前时：指人用whom,指物用which,不可用that @例句：This is the man with whom I worked,(不说with that), O例句：The pen with which he wrote the letter is missing,. 介词不提前时：可用that/who/which,且常省略 g例句：This is the man(whom/who/that)I worked with. (三)高考高频易错点（关系代词that vs which的选用规则） 必须用that的情形（指物 必须用which的情形（指物时） 时) ①先行词为不定代词：all, every,any,little,much few,none,everything, ①非限制性定语从句中（有逗号）例：The bridge,which was something,nothing等 built in 1980,is still strong. 例：All that can be done has been done ②先行词被序数词、形容词 最高级修饰例：This is ②关系代词前有介词时例：This is the room in which we the best film that I lived. have ever seen. ③先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last ③先行词为that或those时例：What that that refers to is 等修饰例：That is the unclear.(口语中少见) very book that I want. ④先行词既有人又有物 例：The teacher and the school that I visited left a deep impression. (四)限制性定语从句V5同位语从句（易混考点） 对比项 限制性定语从句 同位语从句 功能 修饰限定先行词（形容词性） 解释说明先行词内容（名词性） that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连 关系词 that在从句中充当成分（主/宾/ 表) 接作用 先行词 多为抽象名词：idea,fact,news, 可以是任何名词 hope,belief等 去掉后 主句意义不完整 主句结构完整，但信息不具体 例句 The news that he told me The news that he won the race surprised me.(that作宾语) surprised me.(that不作成分) (五)高考常见命题点（附例句） 1.关系代词作主语时不可省略 The man who/that spoke to us is a famous writer. 误：The man spoke to us is a famous writer..(缺少主语) 2.关系代词作宾语时可省略（非正式文体） g例句：The film(that/which)we saw last night was boring. 3.of which/of whom替代whose 例句：I met a girl,,whose eyes were blue.=I met a girl,,the eyes of whom were blue. 4.way后面定语从句的关系词 先行词是way(方式)时，关系代词用in which或that,也可以省略 例句：Idon't like the way in which/that/省略he treats his employees 5.关系代词在从句中作表语时常用that且可省略 例句：He is no longer the man(that)he used to be 6.不定代词+of whom/of which结构 例句：There are many students,most of whom have passed the exam. 例句：Ve have three rooms,two of which are used as offices 二、专项练习 （一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The engineer designed the new bridge is from our university. A.whom B.which C.who D.whose 2.The only thing matters now is to save the injured people. A.which B.that C.what D.who 3.The factory we visited last month produces high-quality steel. A.where B.in which C./ D.whose 4.I will never forget the day I spent with my grandparents in the countryside A.when B.that C.on which D.what 5.The old man,together with his two grandsons, are playing in the yard,is my neighbor. A.who B.which C.that D.whose 6.All the apples fell from the tree were eaten by the pigs A.that B.which C.what D.whose 7.The novel cover is torn belongs to Tom. A.which B.that C.whose D.of which 8.This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen. A.which B.that C.what D.of which 9.The students we borrowed the books are from Class 3. A.from whom B.from that C.from which D.who 10.The way he solved the problem surprised everyone A.which B.by which C.in that D./( 不填) (二)用适当的关系代词填空(8小题) 从who,whom,whose,which,that中选择合适的词填空，不需要时填"/"。 1.The woman is standing over there is our new English teacher. 2.The books cover is blue are all about ancient history. 3.This is the best hotel I have ever stayed in. 4.The little girl mother is a nurse wants to become a doctor. 5.The scientist, we met at the conference,gave a speech on climate change. 6.There are 50 students in the class,some of come from rural areas. 7.The picture was taken by my brother won the first prize. 8.The reason he gave for being late was unbelievable. (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，注意关系代词的使用。 Last summer,I took a trip to a small village 1. (locate)in the mountains The house 2.I stayed in was built over 100 years ago.The owner, 3. name was Mr.Chen,was a kind old man.He showed me around the village and told me stories about the people 4. used to live there. One of the most interesting places was an old temple,5. walls were covered with ancient paintings.The paintings,most of 6. were about daily life in the past,had been well preserved.I met a local artist 7. had spent years restoring these artworks.He explained that the skills 8. were used to create them have been passed down for generations. The things 9._ impressed me most were not the buildings but the warmth of the local people.Every family 10.door was open welcomed me with tea and food.I will never forget the feeling of being home in a place so far away. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 选择 1.C;2.B;3.C;4.B;5.A;6.A;7.C;8.B;9.A;10.D (二)用适 1.who/that 2.whose 3.that/;4.whose;5.whom 6.whom 当的关系代 7.which/that 8.that/ 词填空 (三)篇章 1.located 2.which/that/;3.whose 4.who/that 5.whose 6.which 语法填空 7.who/that 8.that/which 9.that;10.whose 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 词汇搭配(collocations)指在自然语言中，经常一起出现、固定或半固定的词语组合。 掌握词汇搭配能帮助提升写作、完形填空及阅读理解中的语感与准确性，是高考英语的高 频考点之一。 核心特征： ☆搭配不是语法错误，而是习惯用法。 ⑨违反搭配会显得“不地道”，但语法上可能仍然正确。 ⑨常考类型：动词+名词、形容词+名词、副词+动词、动词+介词、名词+介词 等。 (二)核心类型与用法（表格展示） 搭配类 型 定义 高考高频举例 易错提示 及物动词后接 make a decision /take ①动词 X"do a decision"(错误)→ 固定名词，形 action do homework +名词 √make a decision 成习惯表达 have a rest ②形容 形容词与名词 heavy rain strong coffee X“big rain"(不自然)→ 词+名 词 的固定组合 bright future/key factor heavy rain ③副词 副词修饰动词 strongly recommend fully X"strongly suggest”(勉强) understand carefully +动词 的固定模式 →√strongly recommend consider 更常用 动词后接特定 ④动词 depend on/belong to 注意介词搭配受动词影响，不 介词，构成短 +介词 consist of result in 可随意替换 语动词 X "solution of the ⑤名词 名词后接固定 advantage of/solution to attitude towards access problem”(常见错误)→√ +介词 介词 to solution to (三) 核心区分：搭配VS固定短语VS自由组合 自由组合：语法正确但无固定习惯，如“eat an apple”(任何苯果都可以)。 固定短语(idioms):整体意义不可拆分，如“kick the bucket'”(去世)，字面意 思与真实意思无关。 词汇搭配(collocations):介于两者之间，词语组合有一定的固定性，但意义基本 可推测，如“"make a mistake”≠“do a mistake"。高考重点考查典型、高频的 搭配，需要平时积累。 (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.动词+名词搭配（最常考） 例句l:We should take measures to protect the environment.(采取措 施) 例句2：The teacher gave us some advice on how to improve English. (给出建议，注意advice不可数) 2.形容词+名词搭配（完形填空和写作常用） 例句l:heavy traffic导致大家迟到。（交通拥堵，不说“big traffic") 例句2：a golden opportunity一次宝贵的机会（不说“"gold opportunity') 3.动词+介词搭配（语法填空及短文改错高发） 例句1：Success results from hard work.(来自于，result from表原因) 例句2：The meeting consists of five parts. (由..组成，不需要被动语态) 4.名词+介词搭配（完形填空及词汇运用） 例句1l:There is no easy solution to this problem.（..的解決方法，用 to) 例句2：Students have access to the library after school.(有权使用，用 to) 5.易混淆搭配对比（高考选择题常见） make a mistake /do a mistake X take a photo /make a photo x heavy rain //strong rain X strong wind //big wind x pay attention to√/give attention to x(注意give搭配不同语境) (五)学习与备考建议 ★分类积累：按动词、名词、形容词等类别整理高频搭配。 ★语境记忆：通过阅读真题例句或课文例句巩固，避免死记硬背。 ★注意介词：动词+介词和名词+介词是填空和改错的重灾区，需特别关注。 ★区分英式美式：部分搭配有差异（如英式have a bath",美式"take a bath"),但高考以通用为主。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（共8小题，从A、B、C、D中选最佳选项） 1.The manager decided to a new plan to increase sales. A.take B.make C.do D.give 2.In order to improve your health,you should more exercise. A.take B.make C.do D.have 3.The rain caused serious flooding in the southern area. A.big B.much C.heavy D.great 4.We need to find a to the environmental problem as soon as possible A.answer B.way C.solution D.key 5.Nobody can succeed without great efforts. A.taking B.making C.doing D.giving 6.He doesn't attention to what the teacher says in class. A.take B.make C.pay D.give 7.The discovery of the new drug _from years of research. A.resulted B.depended C.consisted D.belonged 8.Only those who have a positive towards life can overcome difficulties. A.opinion B.view C.attitude D.thought (二)用所给词的正确搭配填空（共8小题，每空填一个合适的词，注意搭配习惯） 1.It is important to (take make)notes while listening to the lecture. 2.The government should (take /make)action to stop water pollution. 3.She has a good (knowledge understanding)of English grammar. 4.There is no (doubt question)that hard work leads to success. 5.We were all impressed by the (strong heavy)wind last night. 6.The only (access /approach)to the village is a narrow road. 7.He (paid /gave)no attention to my warning and got into trouble 8.The teacher (gave/made)us some useful advice on how to write essays. (三)篇章语法填空（共10小题，阅读短文，在空白处填入适当的词，使搭配正确、语 义通顺) Last month,our school 1. (held /took)a charity sale to raise money for the local children's hospital.Every student 2._ (made /did)great efforts to prepare for it.Some students 3.(took gave)the responsibility for designing posters,while others 4.(took paid) charge of collecting donated items.On the day of the sale,the weather was 5. (heavy good)enough for outdoor activities.Many parents also 6. (took made)part in the event.We managed to 7._ _(make take)a total profit of over 5,000 yuan.The money will be used to 8. (provide offer)medical treatment for sick children.I think such activities can 9. (make /take)a big difference in our community.Everyone should 10. (pay /give)attention to helping those in need. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.A;3.C;4.C;5.B;6.C;7.A;8.C 选择 (二)用所 给词的正确 1.take 2.take 3.understanding 4.doubt 5.strong 6.access; 搭配填空 7.paid 8.gave (三)篇章 1.held 2.made 3.took 4.took 5.good 6.took 7.make 语法填空 8.provide 9.make 10.pay