Unit 3 Getting Along with Others语法(关系代词引导限定性定语从句) 导学案-2026-2027学年牛津译林版高中英语必修第一册

Unit3 Getting Along with Others语法讲解与练习 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句精讲 一、基础概念（课本原文定义） 1. 三大核心术语 *先行词：被从句修饰的名词/代词（人/事物） *定语从句：修饰先行词的句子，相当于形容词，翻译为 “…… 的” *关系代词：that /which/who /whom/whose 三大作用:① 连接主句与从句；② 指代前面先行词； ③ 在从句内部充当句子成分(主/宾/定语） 2. 句式基础结构:先行词+关系代词+完整定语从句 I have a friend who always listens to me. 先行词：friend（人）；关系代词 who，在从句作主语 3. 限制性定语从句特点：无逗号隔开主句；从句不可删除,删掉后主句意思残缺； 二、五大关系代词完整用法（表格速记） 关系代词 指代对象 在从句中充当成分 是否可省略 单元配套例句 who 人 主语/宾语 作宾语可省 The girl who sits beside me is my best friend.（作主语） whom 人 仅宾语 可省；介词后只能用 whom The classmate (whom) I trust is Lily. which 事物 主语/宾语 作宾语可省 This is the advice (which) my teacher gave me. that 人 + 物 主语/宾语 /表语 作宾语可省 The story that touched me is about friendship. whose 人/物（表 “…… 的”） 定语（修饰名词） 永远不可省 I know a boy whose temper is gentle. 三、逐个精讲 1. who 指人，作主/宾 1）作主语（不可省略） The boy who helped me solve the conflict is kind. 那个帮我化解矛盾的男孩很善良。 2） 作宾语（口语可用who替代whom，可省略） The partner (who) you work with is very patient. 2. whom 指人，只作宾语（正式书面） 1）普通宾语，可省略 The roommate (whom) I live with never argues with me. 2）介词提前，只能用 whom，不能用 who/that（高频考点） She is the friend with whom I share all my secrets. 3. which 指事物，作主/宾 1）作主语（不可省） The suggestion which helps us get on well is useful. 2）作宾语（可省略） I value the time (which) we spend together. 4. that 万能代词（人、物均可） 1）可互换场景 先行词是人：that = who/whom 先行词是物：that = which The person that/who comforted me is my deskmate. 2）必考：只能用 that，不能用 which 的 6 种情况（单元考试核心） ① 先行词为不定代词：all, everything, nothing, something, much, little All that you need is to communicate sincerely. ② 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰 This is the most valuable lesson that I’ve learned about friendship. ③ 先行词被 the only, the very, the last, all, every 修饰 She is the only person that understands me. ④ 先行词同时包含人 + 物 We talked about the classmates and things that made us happy. ⑤ 主句以 which/who 开头的特殊疑问句 Which is the story that talks about getting along with others? ⑥ 关系代词在从句中作表语 He is not the boy that he was three years ago. 3）只能用 which，不能用 that 的两种场景 ① 介词提前，介词后只用which This is the problem about which we argued yesterday. ② 非限制性定语从句（逗号隔开主句），只能用which My deskmate broke her promise, which made me sad. 5. whose 表所属关系 “…… 的”，作定语，绝不省略 ① 修饰人：whose +人相关名词 I admire students whose communication skills are excellent. ② 修饰物：whose +物品名词 We live in a dorm whose windows face the garden. 同义替换（写作升级） whose windows face the garden = the dorm of which the windows face the garden = the dorm the windows of which face the garden 四、做题三步万能法（做定语从句必用） 1.找先行词：判断是人/物 2.拆定语从句：看从句缺什么成分 *缺主语/宾语 → 用who/whom/which/that *缺 “…… 的”（定语）→ 只用whose *看特殊限制：先行词被 all, every, little, much 等不定代词修饰一律只用 that; 介词后只能用which/whom 五、易混易错点整理 1.关系代词作主语时，从句谓语单复数由先行词决定 The friends who care about me are all honest.（先行词 friends 复数，谓语 are） 2.作宾语时，关系代词可直接省略，写作常简化句子 The advice (that) he offered is helpful. 3.介词+关系代词 communicate with sb → the friend with whom I communicate argue about sth → the matter about which we argued depend on sb → the person on whom I depend (注意介词不能加that) 六、单元话题综合例句（贴合 Getting Along with Others） 1.Anyone who wants to keep good relationships should learn to listen. 任何想要维持良好人际关系的人都要学会倾听。 2.The quarrel that we had last week didn’t break our friendship. 上周我们的争吵并没有破坏我们的友谊。 3.I have a roommate whose personality is warm and easy-going. 我有一位性格温和随和的室友。 4.Trust is the only thing that can keep friendship long. 信任是唯一能长久维系友谊的东西。 5.The classmates with whom I share my feelings are true friends. 那些我倾诉心事的同学才是真正的朋友。 【巩固练习】 一、用正确的关系代词填空（who/whom/which/that/whose） 1. The only person ______ I can trust in the class is my deskmate. 2. We admire those students ______ personalities are gentle and helpful. 3. All ______ you need to fix the relationship is sincere communication. 4. The problem ______ we argued about yesterday has been solved finally. 5. The boy ______ I made friends with last term is good at dealing with conflicts. 6. This is the most moving story ______ I have ever read about friendship. 7. The teacher ______ advice we value always teaches us how to get along with others. 8. Nothing ______ he said could change my opinion of our friendship. 9. The classmates and the happy time ______ we shared together are unforgettable. 10. The girl ______ is standing at the door volunteered to help lonely classmates. 11. This is the very rule ______ can help us keep a harmonious class atmosphere. 12. The partner ______ I cooperate with is patient and easy-going. 13. The book ______ covers social skills is popular among senior one students. 14. Who is the student ______ won the prize for the most popular classmate? 15. I still keep the letter ______ my best friend wrote to me three years ago. 16. The dormitory ______ windows face south is bright and comfortable. 17. Every word ______ he spoke at the speech touched all of us deeply. 18. The person ______ to whom you apologized will surely forgive you. 19. There are few things ______ can damage true friendship easily. 20. The team members ______ work together well can achieve more progress. 二、单项选择 1. This is the best way ______ I have learned to improve interpersonal relationships. A. which B. that C. what D. how 2. I have a pen pal ______ family lives in a foreign country and knows different cultures. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 3. All of us respect the teachers ______ can guide us to be kind and responsible. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 4. The quarrel between the two friends, ______ lasted for a week, ended at last. A. that B. which C. what D. who 5. This is the only chance ______ we can make up for our mistake in friendship. A. that B. which C. when D. where 6. The girl ______ you met at the party is my new roommate. A. which B. whose C. whom D. what 7. Little ______ he did satisfied his classmates around him. A. that B. which C. what D. who 8. We should cherish the time ______ we spend with our friends and family. A. when B. that C. what D. where 9. The student ______ attitude is positive always gets on well with others. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 10. Which is the problem ______ puzzles you most in getting along with others? A. which B. that C. what D. how 11. People ______ learn to listen are more popular in social life. A. whose B. whom C. who D. which 12. The advice ______ the teacher gave us is very useful for solving conflicts. A. what B. how C. that D. whose 13. The boy and his dog ______ appeared in the park drew many people’s attention. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 14. This is the very reason ______ I want to repair our broken friendship. A. which B. that C. why D. how 15. The classmates ______ with whom I studied before are all kind-hearted. A. that B. which C. / D. who 16. Nothing ______ can stop us from keeping sincere friendship. A. which B. that C. what D. how 17. I will never forget the days ______ we cooperated and helped each other. A. that B. when C. which D. where 18. The book ______ cover is blue teaches us how to communicate effectively. A. which B. that C. whose D. whom 19. Those ______ break school rules will be criticized and punished. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 20. All the stories ______ we heard yesterday are about true friendship. A. what B. which C. that D. how 三、句型合并（将两个简单句合并为含定语从句的复合句） 要求：使用正确关系代词，语句通顺，句式规范 1. I have a good friend. He always encourages me when I meet difficulties. __________________________________________________________ 2. This is a useful suggestion. My head teacher gave it to us yesterday. __________________________________________________________ 3. We respect the girl. Her voice is warm and she is always ready to help others. __________________________________________________________ 4. The thing surprised me a lot. He refused to apologize to his deskmate. __________________________________________________________ 5. This is the most valuable lesson. I have learned it in my high school life. __________________________________________________________ 6. The students are active in class. They take communication seriously. __________________________________________________________ 7. I keep all the notes. I took them during the moral education class. __________________________________________________________ 8. The problem is hard to solve. We are facing it in group cooperation. __________________________________________________________ 9. He is not the boy. He was shy and quiet one year ago. __________________________________________________________ 10. The team won the competition. Its members help and trust each other. __________________________________________________________ 四、汉译英（定语从句专项翻译） 要求：必须使用定语从句，句式高级，语法准确 1. 愿意倾听他人的人更容易收获真挚的友谊。 __________________________________________________________ 2. 这是我读过的关于人际交往最好的一本书。 __________________________________________________________ 3. 我们应该珍惜那些真心对待我们的朋友。 __________________________________________________________ 4. 他就是昨天和我发生争执的那个同学。 __________________________________________________________ 5. 能够化解矛盾的沟通非常重要。 __________________________________________________________ 6. 我永远不会忘记我们一起相处的时光。 __________________________________________________________ 7. 性格开朗的学生在班级里更受欢迎。 __________________________________________________________ 8. 这是唯一能改善我们关系的方法。 __________________________________________________________ 9. 那位老师的建议帮助我改善了人际关系。 __________________________________________________________ 10. 所有懂得包容的人都能拥有和谐的人际关系。 __________________________________________________________ Keys 一、填空题答案 1. that（the only 修饰，只用that） 2. whose（作定语，某人的性格） 3. that（不定代词all后只用that） 4. which/that（先行词事物，作宾语） 5. who/whom/that（指人，作宾语） 6. that（最高级修饰，只用that） 7. whose（作定语，老师的建议） 8. that（不定代词nothing后只用that） 9. that（先行词同时含人+物，只用that） 10. who/that（指人，作主语） 11. that（the very修饰，只用that） 12. who/whom/that（指人，作宾语） 13. which/that（指物，作主语） 14. that（主句who提问，只用that） 15. which/that（指物，作宾语） 16. whose（作定语，宿舍的窗户） 17. that（every修饰先行词，只用that） 18. whom（介词提前，只用whom） 19. that（few修饰，只用that） 20. who/that（指人，作主语） 二、单选题答案 1-5 BCCBA 6-10 CABCB 11-15 CCACC 16-20 BBBAC 三、句型合并参考答案 1. I have a good friend who/that always encourages me when I meet difficulties. 2. This is a useful suggestion that/which my head teacher gave us yesterday. 3. We respect the girl whose voice is warm and who is always ready to help others. 4.The thing that he refused to apologize to his deskmate surprised me a lot. 5. This is the most valuable lesson that I have learned in my high school life. 6. The students who/that take communication seriously are active in class. 7. I keep all the notes that/which I took during the moral education class. 8. The problem that/which we are facing in group cooperation is hard to solve. 9. He is not the boy that he was one year ago. 10. The team whose members help and trust each other won the competition. 四、汉译英参考答案 1. People who are willing to listen to others can gain sincere friendship more easily. 2. This is the best book that I have ever read about interpersonal communication. 3. We should cherish the friends who treat us sincerely. 4. He is the classmate with whom I argued yesterday. 5. Communication that can solve conflicts is very important. 6. I will never forget the time that we spent together. 7. Students who are outgoing are more popular in the class. 8. This is the only way that can improve our relationship. 9. I appreciate the teacher whose advice has helped me improve my interpersonal relationships. 10. All people who know how to be tolerant can have harmonious interpersonal relationships. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $