Unit 1 Knowing me, Knowing you-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（外研版）

Unit 1 Knowing me Knowing you 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：过去分词作状语(-ed as adverbial) ★同步语法二：宾语从句（否定转移） 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 过去分词作状语是非谓语动词的高频用法，在句中修饰主句的谓语动词，表示时间、原因、条 件、让步、伴随或方式等含义。其逻辑主语通常为主句的主语，且与过去分词之间为被动关系 或完成关系（少数不及物动词仅表完成）。 (二)核心用法与类型 过去分词作状语的位置灵活，可位于句首、句中或句未，常用逗号与主句隔开。根据语义功 能，可分为以下五类，见下表： 类型 含义 可与状语从句转换 例句 “当.时” Asked about his plan,he When/While/After 时间状语 kept silent.When he was 或“在… 之后” 主语+be+done asked about his plan,he kept silent. Deeply moved by the story, 原因状语 “因为” Because/Since/As the audience burst into tears. 主语+be+done Because they were deeply moved by the story... Given more time,we could If/Unless+主语+be 条件状语 “如果.” done finish the task.If we were given more time... Defeated many times,he 让步状语 “虽然” Although/Though never gave up.Although 主语+be+done he was defeated many times... …着”或 The teacher entered the 无法直接转换，表示与主 伴随或方式状语 “以.方 classroom,followed by a 句动作同时存在的状态 式” group of students (三)使用条件与易错点 1.逻辑主语一致性：过去分词的逻辑主语必须等于主句的主语，且为被动关系。 ⑧例句：Seen from the hill,the city looks magnificent.(主语the city与see为 被动) Q例句：Seen from the hill,we can see the whole city.(主语we与see为主 动，应改为Seeing) 2独立主格结构：若逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，需使用“名词/主格代词+过去分词”结构。 ②例句：The test finished,we handed in our papers,(test与finish被动，但主 语是we,故用独立主格) 3.不及物动词的过去分词：如fallen,gone,risen等仅表完成，不表被动，且不能作状语表示 被动含义。 O例句：Fallen from the tree,the apple was rotten,.(fall不及物，无被动，应改 为Having fallen) (四)过去分词作状语Vs现在分词作状语（高考必考对比） 对比维度 过去分词(-ed) 现在分词(-ing） 与主语关 被动关系（主语承受动作） 主动关系（主语发出动作） 系 时间含义 多表示已完成或先于主句的动作 多表示正在进行或与主句同时发生 常见动词 amazed,excited,lost,dressed, amazing,exciting,losing,dressing seated seating 例句对比： g例句：Looking out of the window,I saw a rainbow.(I look,主动) ②例句：Looked at from a distance,the painting seems more vivid,.(the painting is looked at,被动) (五)高考高频考点总结 1.判断主动/被动关系：根据主句主语与分词动作的关系选择正确的分词形式。 9例句： (expose)to sunlight for too long,the skin will get burnt. Exposed(皮肤被暴露) 2.特殊动词的过去分词作状语：如lost(in thought),seated(in the corner),dressed(in red)常表状态。 O例句：Lost in deep thought,he didn't notice the rain. 3独立主格结构：名词十过去分词，用于主语不一致时。 ②例句：The problem solved,they went home happily. 4.过去分词与名词化的形容词搭配：如compared to/with,given that(考虑到)等固定结 构。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1 from the top of the mountain,the lake looks like a mirror. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 2. in the library,the book was not easy to find. A.Misplacing B.Misplaced C.To misplace D.Having misplaced 3.The old man walked slowly, by his grandson. A.supporting B.supported C.to support D.having supported 4. more attention,the experiment would have succeeded. A.Giving B.Given C.To give D.Having given 5. deeply by the speech,the audience stood up and clapped. A.Moved B.Moving C.To move D.Having moved 6. with the size of the whole earth,the highest mountain does not seem high at all A.Comparing B.Compared C.To compare D.Having compared 7. that the project was cancelled,they decided to leave. A.Informing B.Informed C.To inform D.Having informed 8.in thought,he didn't hear the doorbell. A.Losing B.Lost C.To lose D.Having lost 9.The children went to the park, with laughter and songs. A.filling B.filled C.to fill D.having filled 10. from the factory,the waste water caused serious pollution. A.Releasing B.Released C.To release D.Having released (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的过去分词形式填空，注意判断是否需要被动或独立主格。 1. (expose)to the sun for too long,his skin became sunburned. 2.The lecture(deliver)by Professor Li was very inspiring 3. (compare)with the old model,the new car is much more efficient. 4. (dress)in a white shirt,he appeared at the party. 5.The boy stood there,(fix)his eyes on the screen. 6. (follow)by a group of journalists,the movie star walked into the hall. 7. (give)more time,I could have done it better. 8.The experiment (conduct)last year proved the theory. (三)篇章语法填空(12空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（可能为过去分词或现在分词）。 How to Stay Calm Under Pressure 1.(face)with a tight deadline,many people feel anxious.However, 2. (prepare)well in advance can help.When 3.(ask)about his secret,a professional athlete said,"4.(focus)on the present moment is key." 5. (trap)in a difficult situation,he always takes a deep breath.6. (compare)with those who panic,he stays calm.7.(train)for years,his body remembers the right moves. Last month,8.(compete)in the finals,he made a mistake at first.But 9. _(not discourage),he quickly adjusted his strategy.10.(support) by his coach,he finally won the match. 11 (inspire)by his story,many young athletes start to practice mental techniques.12.(give)the right guidance,anyone can learn to control their nerves. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 1.B;2.B;3.B;4.B;5.A;6.B;7.B;8.B;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.Exposed 2.delivered 3.Compared 4.Dressed 5.fixing 形式填空 6.Followed 7.Given 8.conducted (三)篇章 1.Faced 2.being prepared 3.asked 4.Focusing 5.Trapped 语法填空 6.Compared 7.Trained 8.competing 9.not discouraged 10.Supported 11.Inspired 12.Given 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 宾语从句否定转移是指：当主句谓语动词为think,believe,suppose,expect, imagine,guess等表示“认为、相信、推测'的动词，且主语为第一人称I/We时， 从句中的否定词ot习惯上被移到主句，形成“主句否定+从句肯定"的结构。翻译时否 定意义仍落在从句上。 Idon't think he will come.(否定从句he will not come) Ne don't believe she is lying.(我们相信她没有撒谎) (二) 核心用法与结构 否定 适用动词 否定转移结构 意义 反意疑问句主语与 动词 位置 think,believe, 与从句保持一致 I/We don't/doesn't/didn't 从句 suppose,expect, (肯定/否定根据主 动词+that+从句（肯定） 否定 imagine,guess 句否定形式调整) 不适用动词：hope, 从句 wish,be afraid, 否定留在从句 与主句保持一致 否定 assume,presume等 ★反意疑问句规则 当主句为I think/believe..等否定转移结构时，反意疑问句的主语和谓语应依据从句 来定，且遵循“前否后肯”或“前肯后否”。 例句：Idon't think he is right,ishe?(不说don't I?) (三)核心注意事项 1.动词限制：只有表主观推测的动词且主语为第一人称时扌可用否定转移。若主语为第 二、三人称，否定不可转移。 I don't think he is honest. X He doesn't think I am honest.(此处否定在从句，意为“他不认为我诚实"，而 非“他认为我不诚实”，不构成转移) 2时态变化：主句时态可为一、二、三人称的一般现在时、一般过去时等，但否定转移依 然遵循同样规则（主语为第一人称时转移）。 I didn't think he had finished the work.(我以为他还没完成工作) 3.从句连词：否定转移中，that可省略；若从句为特殊疑问句，则不用否定转移。 I don't know why he didn't come.(know不适用否定转移，故从句否定保留) 4.否定转移的替代形式：有时可用'I think..not.."但语气不如转移自然，高考中要求 按规则使用转移。 5.与not think的区别： Idon't think he is right.(转移，更地道) I think he is not right.(非转移，语法正确但较少用，口语中可接受) (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.判断否定是否转移：根据动词和主语判断。 例：1 (not think)he can finish it on time 2.反意疑问句搭配：主句1don't think.,反意问句用肯定形式，与从句一致。 例：Idon't think she will come,_ 3.动词特例辨析： I hope you won't be late.(hope不转移，否定在从句) I don't suppose you've seen the movie,.have you?(suppose可转移，反意 问句have you?) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(5小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.l he can solve the problem all by himself. A.don't think B.think not C.not think D.think don't 2.I don't believe he has finished his homework, A.has he B.hasn't he C.do l D.don't I 3. you don't mind my smoking here? A.Don't suppose B.Suppose C.I don't suppose D.Suppose not 4.I didn't think she would pass the exam, A.didn't she B.would she C.wouldn't she D.did I 5.The teacher that all the students had handed in their papers. A.didn't think B.thought not C.doesn't think D.think (二)句型转换(4小题) 根据要求将下列句子改为否定转移形式或正常语序。 1.I believe he is not telling the truth.(改为否定转移形式) 改为： 2.I think she won't attend the meeting tomorrow.(改为否定转移形式) 改为： 3.I don't suppose they have arrived yet.(改为非转移的正常语序) 改为： 4.Ne don't expect the flight will be delayed.(改为非转移的正常语序) 改为： (三)完成句子(3小题) 根据汉语提示，用宾语从句否定转移结构完成句子。 1.我认为他并不真的喜欢这个礼物。 that he the gift. 2.我们相信她不会让我们失望。 We that she us down. 3.我猜想他们还没有收到通知。 that they the notice yet. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.A;3.C;4.B;5.A 选择 (二)句型 1.I don't believe he is telling the truth.;2.I don't think she will 转换 attend the meeting tomorrow.;3.I suppose they have not arrived yet.;4.We expect the flight will not be delayed. (三)完成 1.don't think,really likes;2.don't believe,will let;3.don't guess, 句子 have received