Unit 5 What an adventure!-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（外研版）

Unit 5 What an adventure! 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：过去将来时(Past future), ★同步语法二：非谓语动词综合 语法精讲精练 (一)基本定义 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间点看来，将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它并非一个独立的时 态形式，而是通过助动词、短语或时态呼应来表达，其核心在于“站在过去看未来”。在高考英 语中，过去将来时常见于间接引语、宾语从句、条件句及特定句型中，是语法填空、短文改错 和阅读理解的重要考点。 (二)核心用法与结构 结构 用法说明 例句 最常用形式，表示过去某时之 后将发生的动作，常与时间状 He said he would arrive the next would do day.(他说他第二天会到。) 语连用，或用于间接引语中。 They were going to start the was/were 表示过去某时计划、打算做某 project,but the funding was cut. going to do 事，或根据迹象“即将”发生。 们本打算后动那个项目，但资金被砍了。) was/were 表示“即将、正要”做某事，强 I was about to leave when the about to do 调时间紧迫，常与when连 phone rang.(我正要离开，电话响了。) 用。 表示按计划、安排将在过去某 The meeting was to be held on was/were to 时之后发生，常表“注定、必 Friday,but it was canceled,(会议原定 do 须”之意。 周五举行，但被取消了。) (三)核心用法详解 1.用于间接引语/宾语从句 当主句动词为过去时(said,told,thought,.knew等)，从句需用过去将来时表示对过去 而言“将要发生”的动作。 ②例句：直接引语：Tom said,,"I will call you tomorrow."间接引语：Tom said that he would call me the next day. 2.表示“过去计划或打算” was/were going to+do可表达一种意图，但后来可能未实现。 O例句：I was going to attend the lecture,but I fell ill.(我本打算去听讲座，但生病 了) 3表示“过去即将要发生” was/were about to+do强调时间点非常接近，常与when(这时突然)引出转 折。 O例句：The train was about to leave when we rushed onto the platform.(伙车 正要开走，这时我们冲上了站台。) 4.表示“按过去计划必然发生” was/were to+do常用于正式文体或新闻报道，表达一种“"注定"或“"安排"。 ②例句：She was to become a famous scientist later in life.(她后来注定成为一位 著名科学家。) (四)易混时态对比（高考必考点） 时态 含义 关键区别 例句 过去发 仅陈述过去事 一般过去时 生的动 实，不涉及“将 He left yesterday.(他昨天离开了。) 作 来” 从过去 过去将来时 看将要 着眼点在“过去 He said he would leave the next day. 发生 之后的未来” 说他第二天会离开。) 过去某 强调动作正在 He was leaving when I arrived.(我到的时 过去进行时 时正在 进行，与“将 候他正要离开一一强调那一刻正在离开，也可表 发生 来”无关 过去将来，看语境。) (五)高频考点总结（附例句） 1.间接引语中过去将来时的使用 O例句：She promised that she would finish the work on time.(她承诺会按时 完成工作。) 2.was/were going to表未实现的计划 O例句：I was going to buy that book,.but|forgot my wallet.(我本打算买那本 书，但忘了带钱包。) 3.was/were about to..when.句型 O例句：Jack was about to turn in the paper when he found a mistake.(杰克 正要交卷，这时发现了一个错误。) 4.was/were to表“注定"或“安排” O例句：The two friends were to meet again after ten years,(这两个朋友+年 后注定再次相遇。) 5.条件句中的过去将来时 ②例句：He said if it rained,.he would take a taxi.(他说如果下雨，他就打车。) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The manager promised that the problem as soon as possible. A.was solved B.would be solved C.has been solved D.is solved 2. the report,but my computer crashed suddenly. A.was about to finish B.would finish C.finished D.have finished 3.She told me that she a trip to Shanghai the following week. A.took B.had taken C.would take D.takes 4.The old man _to sell his house,but his son persuaded him not to. A.was going B.had gone C.went D.would go 5.We when the fire alarm went off. A.were about to leave B.are about to leave C.would leave D.left 6.The experts believed that the new policy great changes. A.will bring B.brought C.would bring D.has brought 7.-Why didn't you attend the meeting? 一1 but I had an urgent call. A.would B.was going to C.had D,did 8.The concert to start at 8 pm,but the singer was late. A.was supposed B.is supposed C.supposed D.has supposed 9.He said that the next train at10:15 A.arrives B.arrived C.would arrive D.has arrived 10.The scientist predicted that humans on Mars in the near future A.lived B.will live C.would live D.have lived (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的过去来时形式填空（注意：可能涉及被动语态）。 1.He told me that the meeting (hold)the next Monday,but it was canceled. 2.l (call)you when I got home,but my phone died. 3.She (leave)for London the following day,but she changed her mind. 4.The teacher said we (have)a test the next week. 5.They (build)a new bridge there,but the plan was stopped. 6.l (go)to the cinema with you,but I had to finish my homework. 7.He was (give)a speech at the conference,but he fell ill. 8.The police announced that the suspect (catch)soon. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（注意时态和语态）。 Last week,my friend Tom told me that he 1. (fly)to Beijing the next day He said he 2. (attend)a very important conference.He 3. (be) about 4. (board)the plane when he received a call from his boss.His boss said the conference 5. (postpone)to the following week.Tom thought he 6. (have)to change his plan. Later,Tom decided that he 7. (stay)in Shanghai for a few days.He was 8. (meet)an old friend there.However,he 9.(not know)that his friend 10. (leave)for Japan the week before.Tom felt disappointed.He said he11. (return)home earlier if there was nothing else.But his boss told him that there 12 (be)another meeting the next month,and Tom would need to prepare for it. (四)完成句子（翻译题） 请根据汉语提示，用过去将来时的适当结构完成句子（每空一词或短语）。 1.他们本打算去爬山，但因为恶劣天气取消了。 They climbing the mountain,but it was canceled because of the bad weather. 2.她告诉我她第二天要和父母一起去度假。 She told me that she on vacation with her parents the next day. 3我们正要出发，这时开始下雨。 We start it began to rain. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.A;3.C;4.A;5.A;6.C;7.B;8.A;9.C;10.C 选择 (二)用所 1.would be held was to be held 2.was about to call 3.was going to 给词的适当 leave 4.would have 5.were going to build 6.was going to go 7.was 形式填空 about to give 8.would be caught 1.would fly was going to fly 2.would attend was going to attend (三)篇章 3.was 4.to board 5.would be postponed was to be postponed 语法填空 6.would have 7.would stay 8.to meet 9.didn't know 10.had left 11.would return 12.would be (四)完成 句子（附加 题参考答 1.were going to go 2.would go 3.were about to when 案) 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 非谓语动词是指不能作谓语但具有动词特征的动词形式，包括不定式(todo)、动名词 (doing)和分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done)。它们可在句中充当主语、宾语、 表语、定语、状语、补足语等，是高考英语语法填空、短文改错和完形填空的核心考点。 (仁) 三种形式及核心含义 形式 构成 核心含义 例句 目的、将来、具体某次动 不定式 to+动词原形 作 to learn English(为了学英语) learning English(学英语这件 动名词 动词-ing 习惯、一般性动作、名词 化 事) 现在分 动词-ing 主动、进行 running water(流动的水) 词 过去分 动词-ed/不规 被动、完成 词 则 broken glass(破碎的玻璃) (三)核心用法对比一一作定语 非谓语动词作定语时，位置和含义有明显区别： 1.不定式作定语：常表示尚未发生的动作，与被修饰名词有动宾关系或主谓关系。 例：the meeting to be held tomorrow(明天要举行的会议) 例：the first person to arrive(第一个到达的人) 2.动名词作定语：说明名词的功能或用途，相当于“for+doing”。 例：a swimming pool(游泳池=a pool for swimming) 3.现在分词作定语：表主动、进行，被修饰名词是动作执行者。 例：a sleeping baby(一个正在睡觉的婴儿) 4.过去分词作定语：表被动、完成，被修饰名词是动作承受者。 例：a written report(一份写好的报告) (四)核心用法对比一一作状语 非谓语 形式 语法功能 含义侧重 例句 目的状语、结果状 目的/出乎意 He came to borrow a book. 不定式 语、原因状语 料的结果 的) 现在分 时间、原因、条件、 主动/同时进 Hearing the news,she cried. 词 伴随、结果 行 因) 过去分 时间、原因、条件、 被动/已完成 Given more time,we could do it 词 让步、伴随 better..(条件) (五)易错点与高频考点（高考必考） 1.非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则需使用独立主格结构。 2固定搭配区分： remember/forget/regret+todo(记得/忘记/遗憾要去做) 这些动词+doing(记得/忘记/遗憾做过) stop to do(停下来去做)vs stop doing(停止做) 3.非谓语动词的否定式：not/never+非谓语动词，如not having finished。 4.分词作状语时，若与主语是被动关系且动作已完成，用过去分词；若与主语是主动关 系且动作正在进行，用现在分词。 5.只有过去分词表示被动且已完成；现在分词一般式表示主动进行；不定式表示未来动 作。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The purpose of the project is the environment of the city. A.improve B.improving C.to improve D.improved 2. from the top,the city looks magnificent. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 3.The teacher asked us the classroom before 5 pm. A.cleaning B.to clean C.cleaned D.clean 4.I can't imagine alone on a desert island. A.live B.to live C.living D.lived 5.The news made everyone A.exciting;exciting B.excited;excited C.exciting;excited D.excited;exciting 6.The book from the library must be returned next week A.borrowed B.borrowing C.to borrow D.borrow 7.She got up early the first bus. A.catching B.caught C.to catch D.catch 8. the exam,he stayed up late every night. A.Passing B.Passed C.To pass D.Having passed 9.The children went home, their homework unfinished. A.left B.leaving C.to leave D.having left 10.The man in the accident was sent to hospital immediately. A.injuring B.to injure C.injured D.being injured (仁二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 用括号内所给动词的适当形式（不定式、动名词、分词）填空。 1.She is looking forward to _(receive)a letter from her son. 2.The building (destroy)by the earthquake is being repaired. 3. (finish)his homework,he went out to play football. 4.It is necessary for us(take)enough exercise every day. 5.The girl (dance)on the stage is my sister. 6.He regretted (not follow)his teacher's advice. 7.The flowers need (water)every day. 8. (see)from the mountain,the village looks like a fairyland. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 Dear Editor, I'm writing to express my opinion on the topic of "learning English".I think English is important for us 1._ (master).However,many students have difficulty 2. (learn)it well.The key 3. (solve)the problem is to practice every day. Last month,I attended a lecture 4. (give)by a famous professor.He suggested 5. (read)English newspapers and 6. (watch) English movies.He also said that 7. (remember)words is not enough;you need 8. (use)them in real situations. After 9. (follow)his advice,I have made great progress.Now I enjoy 10. (speak)English and often take part in English corners.11. (be)an English learner,I believe that 12. (work)hard is the only secret to success. 三、参考答案 (-)单项 选择 1.C;2.B;3.B;4.C;5.C;6.A;7.C;8.C;9.B;10.C (二)用所 1.receiving 2.destroyed 3.Having finished 4.to take 给词的适当 5.dancing 6.not having followed 7.watering to be watered 形式填空 8.Seen (三)篇章 1.to master;2.learning 3.to solve 4.given 5.reading; 语法填空 6.watching 7.remembering 8.to use 9.following 10.speaking 11.Being;12.working