Unit 1 Food for thought-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（外研版）

Unit 1 Food for thought 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：情态动词表能力-can/could/be able to 女同步语法二：情态动词表义务/建议-have to/must/had better/needn't/ dare 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 情态动词can/could及短语be able to均可表示"能力"，但三者在使用范围、时态变化和 含义侧重上存在明显差异。掌握其核心区别，是高考语法填空、短文改错及写作中的高频考 点。 (二)核心用法对比 形式 用法说明 例句 表示现在或一般的能力（客观具备），也可表示 She can speak three can 请求、允许等。 foreign languages fluently. 表示过去的一般能力（客观具备），也可表示过 When he was young,he could could run 10 kilometers 去的请求、允许或虚拟语气。 without stopping. 可用于各种时态（过去、现在、将来），强调通 He was able to escape from be able 过努力或具体情境下“成功做到某事”；过去时中 the burning building./I will to was/were able to常表示“设法做成了某事” be able to finish the project (=managed to),与could有区别o by Friday. (三) 核心区别：（高考必考点） 1.could表示过去一般能力 coud仅表示过去“具备某种能力”，不强调是否实际完成。 ②例句：He could swim when he was five.(五岁时会游泳，但未必在某次特定事件 中游了。) 2.was/were able to表示成功做到 was/were able to强调在某一具体场合“成功做成了某事”，相当于managed to/ succeeded in doing。 ⑨例句：After a long struggle,he was able to reach the top of the mountain. (最终成功登顶。) 3.否定句中的互换 注意：在否定句中，couldn't和wasn't/weren't able to通常可以互换，因为否定表 示“未能做成”。 ⑧例句：He couldn't/wasn't able to open the door because it was locked. (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.can没有将来时和完成时 需用will be able to/have been able to替代 O例句：错误：I can finish it tomorrow.应为：I will be able to finish it tomorrow 2.coud不能用于具体“成功做到"某件事 需用was/were able to。 Q例句：错误：Although it was dark,he could find the way home.V应为：he was able to find... 3.否定形式 can't/couldn't/be not able to均可，但be not able to更正式o 4.在条件句(f.)中 常用can/could表示能力，也可用be able to强调结果。 g例句：If you try harder,you will be able to pass the exam. 5.情态动词后接动词原形 be able to中的to不可省略。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.When I was a child,I climb the tall tree in our garden,but I don't dare to now A.can B.could C.was able to D.will be able to 2.The fire spread quickly,but fortunately all the people escape from the building. A.could B.can C.were able to D.have been able to 3.With the help of the new equipment,the workers finish the task in three days. A.can B.could C.will be able to D.have been able to 4.She play the violin when she was only five years old. A.can B.could C.was able to D.has been able to 5.1 have passed the driving test if I had practiced more. A.could B.can C.am able to D.will be able to 6.The little boy is so smart that he recite the whole poem in one minute A.can B.could C.was able to D.will be able to 7.After months of training,he finally swim across the English Channel. A.could B.can C.was able to D.has been able to 8.So far,no one solve this math problem alone A.can B.could C.has been able D.will be able to to 9.In the future,artificial intelligence replace many human jobs A.can B.could C.will be able to D.is able to 10.The door was locked,so we get in. A.couldn't B.can't C.weren't able to D.A and C (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空（注意使用can/could/be able to的正 确时态形式)。 1.The team (not,able to)win the match because they lacked experience. (用正确时态) 2.When I was in middle school,I _(can)play chess very well,but now I've forgotten most of the rules 3.By the end of this semester,we (be able to)read English novels without a dictionary. 4.The firefighters (be able to)put out the fire before it spread to the next building 5.She practiced hard,so she (can)speak French fluently now. 6.I'm sorry,I _(can)hear you clearly because of the noise.(用否定形式) 7.The old man was so weak that he (not,be able to)walk without a stick. 8.Look！The baby (be able to)stand up by itself now. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（注意情态动词和be able to的用 法，也可能涉及其他语法点)。 Last year,my family visited a remote village in the mountains.The journey was very difficult.At first,we 1.(can)only drive halfway up the mountain because the road was too narrow.Then we 2. (have to)walk for another two hours.My little sister 3.(can)hardly walk far,but she 4. (be able to)keep up with us with great effort. In the village,we met an old man who 5. (be able to)tell stories in a way that made us feel as if we were there.He said that when he was young,he 6. _(can)climb the highest peak in one day.However,due to his age,he 7. (not,be able to)do that anymore. On the last day,a sudden storm hit the village.The roads became muddy and slippery.Fortunately,the villagers 8.(be able to)guide us to a safe place. They 9.(can)find their way even in the dark because they knew the area so well.We were deeply impressed.I believe that with more practice,I 10._ (be able to)travel to such places independently in the future. Since then,I 11 (have been able to)appreciate the importance of perseverance.And I 12. (can)now understand why the old man treasures his memories so much. 三、参考答案 (一)单项选 1.B;2.C;3.C;4.B;5.A6.A;7.C;8.C;9.C;10.D 择 (二)用所给 1.wasn't able to were not able to 2.could 3.will be able to 词的适当形式 4.were able to 5.can 6.can't cannot;7.wasn't able to 8.is able 填空 to (三)篇章语 1.could 2.had to 3.could 4.was able to 5.was able to 6.could; 法填空 7.wasn't able to 8.were able to 9.could 10.will be able to; 11.have been able to 12.can 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 情态动词用于表达说话人对动作或状态的态度。表义务健议的一类情态动词(ust, have to,had better,needn't,dare)核心功能是： ★表示“必须“应该”“有必要“敢于”等含义 ©判断语气强弱、主客观性、肯定/否定是高考语法填空、完形填空和书面表达的常 考方向 (二)核心用法对比（表格） 情态动词 含义 语气/特点 否定形式 典型场景 主观义务，语气强； 必须、 nustn't(禁 表推测”一定"时与义 "I must finish my must 一定 务无关 止) homework."(主观决定) 不得 客观义务，语气相对 "We have to wear don't have have to 不、必 弱；有时态变化 uniforms at school. 须 to(不必) (has to had to) 规) had better had 强烈建议/劝告，隐含 "You'd better take an 最好 not better 否定后果 (最好别) umbrella." 表示“没必要”，常与 needn't(本 needn't 不必 "You needn't come must的否定对应 身否定) early, 多用于否定句和疑问 daren't "She daren't go out dare 敢 句；可作情态动词或 don't dare 实义动词 alone at night." to (三)各情态动词用法详解 1.must/have to的区别（高考高频考点） must:说话人主观认为“必须”，无时态变化（只有现在时）；否定形式mustn't表 示“禁止”。 例：You must finish this report today.(我认为必须) 否定：You mustn't smoke here.(禁止吸烟) have to:客观情况迫使“不得不”，有时态(has to/had to/will have to);否 定don't have to表示“不必"。 例：i have to get up early because of the bus schedule.(客观原因) 否定：You don't have to pay for it.(免费，不必付钱) 易错提示：回答must开头的疑问句，否定回答用needn't或don't have to, 不用mustn'to Must I attend the meeting?一No,you needn't.(不必) 2.had better ('d better) 后接动词原形，缩略为'd better,语气比should更直接，常带有“否则后果不好” 的隐含意味。 否定形式：had better not+动词原形 例：You'd better check the answer again. 否定：You'd better not tell him the truth now. 3.needn't 表示“没有必要做某事”，后接动词原形。常用于回答ust疑问句。 与don't have to基本同义，但needn't更偏口语。 例：You needn't worry about the exam. 易混点：needn't have done(虚拟，表示本不必做却做了) You needn't have bought so much food;we already have plenty. 4.dare 作情态动词时，常用在否定句、疑问句、条件句中，后接动词原形，第三人称单数 不加-s。 例：I daren't ask the teacher..(我不敢问) 例：Dare you jump from the bridge?(你敢跳吗？) 作实义动词时，后接todo(否定用don't dare to),高考常考情态动词与实义动 词的句式辨析。 例：He didn't dare to speak in public.(实义动词) (四)高考高频考点总结 1.must与have to的主客观辨析 客观迫使→have to;主观意愿→must 2.needn't与mustn't的语义对立 needn't=不必；mustn't=禁止 3.had better的否定结构：had better not do 4.dare作情态动词时：否定daren't do,疑问Dare+主语+do? 5.情态动词的时态替代：have to有时态变化，must只能用现在时（表过去的“必须"用 had to) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.You finish your homework before watching TV.That's the rule. A.must B.needn't C.can D.had better 2.He wear glasses because his eyesight is very poor. A.must B.has to C.had better D.dare 3.You touch the machine;it's dangerous! A.needn't B.don't have to C.mustn't D.daren't 4.-Must I return the book today? -No,you_.You can keep it for another week. A.mustn't B.needn't C.don't have D.can't 5.You'd better late for the interview,or you'll lose the chance. A.not be B.not to be C.be not D.don't be 6.l think about the problem again;it's already settled. A.needn't B.mustn't C.don't have D.daren't 7.She tell her parents the truth;she was too scared. A.didn't dare B.daren't C.dares not D.dared not to 8.In some countries,students wear uniforms to school. A.must B.have to C.had better D.needn't 9.You have called me;I was just about to leave. A.mustn't B.needn't C.don't have to D.daren't 10. you swim across the river alone?It's very dangerous. A.Must B.Need C.Dare D.Had better (二)用所给情态动词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，填入正确的情态动词（注意否定形式和时态变化）。必要时使用缩略形式 (如'd better,needn't)。 1.You (must /mustn't)park here.Look at the "No Parking" sign! 2.1 (have to don't have to)get up at 5 a.m.tomorrow because the first bus leaves at 5:30. 3.You (had better had better not)tell lies;it will make things worse. 4.We (needn't must)hurry;the train has been delayed. 5.She (dare doesn't dare)to express her opinion in public. 6.-Can I go out now?-You (must don't have to)finish your homework first 7.He (dare /daren't)jump from the high diving board. 8.You (had better needn't)bring an umbrella;it's going to rain. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个情态动词（必要时使用否定形式或时态变化）。 Dear students,welcome to the school safety training.Here are some rules you 1. (must have to)follow. First,you 2. (mustn't needn't)run in the hallways.If you do,you might get hurt.Second,you 3. (had better needn't)know the emergency exits.In case of a fire,you 4. (must/don't have to)leave the building immediately through the nearest exit. Remember:you 5. (needn't mustn't)bring any flammable items to school.If you see any smoke,you 6. (dare/had better)report it to a teacher at once.You 7.(needn't must)panic;just stay calm and follow the instructions. Also,when you use the lab equipment,you 8. (have to needn't) wear protective goggles.You 9._ (daren't /don't have to)touch the chemicals without gloves.Finally,you 10. (mustn't needn't)use mobile phones during the drill.That's important. If you 11. (dare don't dare)to ask any questions,feel free to raise your hand.You 12. (had better needn't)hesitate-we're here to help you. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.C;4.B;5.A;6.A;7.B;8.B;9.B;10.C 选择 (二)用所 给情态动词 1.mustn't;2.have to 3.had better not 4.needn't 5.doesn't 的适当形式 dare 6.must;7.daren't;8.had better 填空 (三)篇章 1.must 2.mustn't 3.had better 4.must 5.mustn't 6.had better;7.needn't 8.have to 9.daren't 10.mustn't;11. 语法填空 dare 12.needn't