Unit 6 Earth first-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（外研版）

Unit 6 Earth first 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：-ing作宾语补足语-感官/使役动词+宾语+-ing 女同步语法二：-ed作宾语补足语-感官/使役动词+宾语+-ed 语法精讲精练 ()基本定义 -ig分词（现在分词）作宾语补足语，用于感官动词和使役动词之后，构成“动词+宾语+ doig"结构。此时分词与宾语之间是主动进行的逻辑关系，表示宾语正在进行的动作或持续的 状态。这一结构是高考语法填空、短文改错及写作中的高频考点，尤其需要与不带t和的不定式 (do)作宾补进行区分。 (二)核心用法与动词分类 1.感官动词+宾语+doing 感官动词 例句 含义 see watch I saw him running across the street. 看见他正在跑 observe hear listen to She heard someone singing in the next 听见某人正在唱歌 room feel He felt his heart beating wildly. 感到心脏正剧烈跳动 The teacher noticed a student drawing in 注意到一个学生正在画 notice class. 画 look at smell We looked at the children playing in the 看着孩子们正在玩耍 find park. ★考点提示：感官动词后接do(不带to)表示动作全过程或已发生的事实；接doing表示动 作正在进行或反复发生。 比较：I saw him cross the road.(看见他过了马路，全过程) |saw him crossing the road.(看见他正在过马路，正在进行) 2.使役动词+宾语+doing 使役动词表示“让、使、保持、发现“等意义，常见动词如下： 使役动词 用法侧重 例句 The boss had the workers have get 使某人/物持续做某事（主动） working all night. 保持某人/物处于某种状态 Don't keep the engine running keep for too long. 让某人/物处于某种状态 He left the water running in the leave kitchen. 撞见/发现某人正在做某事（常含 catch 意外或不满) I caught him stealing my wallet. find 发现某人正在做某事 She found herself lying on the ground. ★考点提示：使役动词与感官动词的最大区别在于一一感官动词侧重“感知”，使役动词侧重 "致使/发现"。此外，have/get+宾语+done表示“让某事被做”，与doing含义不同，要 注意区分。 (三)核心用法补充：宾语的位置与被动语态 l.宾语位置固定：动词+宾语+doig中，宾语必须是动作的发出者（主动关系），不能是被 动关系。 O正确：I heard her singing.(她主动唱歌) O错误：I heard the song singing,(歌曲不能唱歌，应改为being sung) 2.被动形式：若宾语与doing.之间是被动关系，需用being done。 OThe thief was seen being caught by the police,(小偷正被抓住) 3.否定形式：在doing前加not。 ⑨I found him not doing his homework.(我发现他没在做作业) (四)高考高频考点对比(doing vs do vs done作宾补) 结构 逻辑关系 动作特点 典型例句 动词+宾语 主动进行 正在进行/持续 I heard her crying in the room. +doing 动词+宾语+do 主动完成 全过程/已发生 I heard her cry twice. 动词+宾语 被动完成 宾语是动作承受者 I had my car repaired. +done ★易错点：部分动词如have,get既可接doing也可接done,含义截然不同： -have sb doing让某人持续做某事（主动） -have sth done让某事被做（被动） -get sb doing让某人开始做某事 get sth done完成某事 (五)高考常考句型与短语 1.catch sb doing(sth):当场发现/撞见某人做某事（贬义） OI caught him cheating on the exam. 2.leave sb doing:让某人一直做某事（状态持续） Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain. 3.find oneself doing:不知不觉地做某事 He found himself thinking about the problem all day. 4.keep sb doing:使某人持续做某事 OThe teacher kept the students reading for an hour. 5.have difficulty/trouble doing(非本结构，但常混淆)：无宾补，是固定短语 OHe had no difficulty finding the address. 二、专项练习 (（一)单项选择(8小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.When I passed by the garden,I saw some children_ flowers. A.water B.watered C.watering D.to water 2.The boss kept the workers for 12 hours a day. A.work B.worked C.working D.to work 3.The mother caught her son her purse A.steal B.stole C.stealing D.to steal 4.I heard the song in English in the next room. A.sing B.sung C.singing D.being sung 5.Don't leave the water when you are out. A.run B.running C.to run D.ran 6.We noticed her the room without saying a word. A.leave B.left C.leaving D.to leave 7.The detective found the man the window at midnight. A.break B.breaking C.broken D.to break 8.The teacher had the students the experiment again and again. A.do B.doing C.done D.to do (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 用括号内动词的正确形式(doing/do/done)填空。 1.I saw a little boy (cry)at the corner of the street. 2.The manager had the workers (repair)the machine all morning. 3.He felt his hands (shake)as he gave the speech. 4.The police caught the thief (steal)a bicycle 5.We watched the sun (rise)slowly behind the mountains. 6.The mother left the baby (sleep)peacefully in the bed. 7.I heard the song (play)on the radio when I entered 8.She found herself (surround)by a crowd of fans. (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 Last night,I was walking home when I suddenly saw a stranger 1. (stand) under the streetlight.He looked nervous,and I could feel my heart 2 (beat)faster.I noticed him 3.(hold)a small package in his hand.Then I heard a strange noise 4.(come)from the building nearby. I decided to hide behind a tree and keep my eyes 5. (fix)on the man.After a few minutes,I saw another person 6.(approach)him.They seemed to be arguing.The stranger left the package on the ground and walked away quickly. I found myself 7.(tremble)with fear,but I didn't move. Suddenly,a police car appeared.The officers caught the two men 8._ (exchange)drugs.Later,I learned that the police had been watching them for weeks.They had left the camera 9.(record)all the time.I felt relieved that I had helped the police without even 10. (know)it. 三、参考答案 (一）单项 1.C;2.C;3.C;4.D;5.B;6.A;7.B;8.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.crying 2.repairing 3.shaking 4.stealing 5.rising 6.sleeping; 形式填空 7.being played 8.surrounded (三)篇章 1.standing 2.beating 3.holding 4.coming 5.fixed 语法填空 6.approaching 7.trembling 8.exchanging 9.recording 10.knowing 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 过去分词(-d形式)作宾语补足语时，用于感官动词和使役动词之后，对宾语进行补 充说明。此时宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系（宾语是动作的承受者）或状态描述（动 作已完成)。这是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作中的高频考点。 (二)核心用法与结构 结构类 动词举例 结构公 型 式 含义 例句 感官动 感官动 see,hear, 宾语承受该动 词+ 词+ watch,notice, 作（被动）， I saw the window broken by the 宾语+ 宾语 observe,feel, 强调被看见/ 过去分 boy.(我看见窗户被那男孩打破了。) -ed find 听见感到等 词 使役动 He had his hair cut yesterday. 使役动 ①让某人某 词+ have,get, 词+ 物被做；②遭 (他昨天理了发。)/She got her car 宾语+ repaired.(她找人修了车。)/They 宾语 make,keep, 遇某事；③保 leave 过去分 kept the door locked.(他们让内 -ed 持某种状态 词 锁着。) 位置说明：-ed形式紧跟在宾语之后，不可颠倒。若宾语较长，也可将-ed短语后置，但 通常紧邻宾语。 (三)核心含义区分（与现在分词作宾补对比） 比较项 过去分词(-ed)作宾补 现在分词（-ing)作宾补 逻辑关系 宾语与动作是被动关系（宾语被做） 宾语与动作是主动关系（宾语在做） 动作状态 强调动作已完成或表示状态 强调动作正在进行 例句 I heard the song sung in English. I heard her singing an English (我听到这首歌被用英语唱了。) song.(我听到她正在唱英文歌。) 感官动词 后的区别 看见/听见某事被做（一次或完成） 看见/听见某人正在做某事（进行） 使役动词 have/get sth done(让别人做/遭遇) 后的区别 have sb doing(让某人一直做) 感官动词+宾语+过去分词：宾语与过去分词是逻辑被动，不可误用主动形式。 make+宾语+过去分词：make后只能用过去分词表示“使..被做”，不能用现 在分词（但可用形容词）。 have的三种含义：have sth done(让别人做/遭遇不愉快的事/完成某事)， 如：I had my bike stolen.(我的自行车被偷了-一一遭遇) (四)高考高频考点总结 1.感官动词后宾补的语态选择 例题：When I walked past,I saw him (punish)by the teacher. 案：punished) 2.使役动词have/get/make的固定搭配 例题：Can you make yourself (understand)in English?(答案： understood) 3.leave/keep+宾语+过去分词表示“让..处于某种状态”（例：leave the work unfinished;keep the door closed) 4.固定结构：find+宾语+过去分词 例题：I found the city greatly (change).(答案：changed) 5.与被动语态的区分：过去分词作宾补≠被动语态的谓语。试比较：The window was broken.(谓语被动)；I saw the window broken.(宾补，broken说明宾语 window) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（共8小题） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.When I came in,I heard a strange sound from the kitchen. A.to come B.coming C.come D.came 2.The manager had his secretary the documents for the meeting. A.type B.typed C.to type D.typing 3.She found herself in a dark forest after walking for hours. A.losing B.lost C.to lose D.lose 4.I need to get my computer before the deadline A.repair B.repairing C.repaired D.to repair 5.The teacher raised his voice to make himself by all the students A.hear B.hearing C.heard D.to hear 6.They kept the fire all night to keep warm. A.burn B.burning C.burnt D.to burn 7.I watched the old man the street carefully. A.cross B.crossing C.crossed D.to cross 8.He left the water for hours,which wasted a lot. A.run B.running C.ran D.to run (二)用所给词的适当形式填空（共6小题） 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式(-ed或-ing)填空。 1.I saw the thief (catch)by the police at last. 2.She had her pocket (pick)on the bus yesterday 3.We often hear this song_(sing)in many countries. 4.The boss kept the workers(work)for 12 hours a day. 5.He tried to make himself (understand)in simple English. 6.I found the window (break)when I got home. (三)句子改写与翻译（共4小题） 按要求完成句子，每空一词。 1.有人看见那个男孩从树上摔下来了。 The boy was seen from the tree. 2.他让人把车洗了。 He had his car 3.我注意到她把中锁上了。 I noticed the door by her. 4.请保持窗户关着。 Please keep the window 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.A;3.B;4.C;5.C;6.B;7.A;8.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.caught 2.picked 3.sung 4.working 5.understood 6.broken 形式填空 (三)句子 1.to fall 2.washed 3.locked 4.closed 改写与翻译