Unit 5 On the road-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（外研版）

Unit 5 On the road 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：现在分词作后置定语(doing短语)-修饰名词表主动/进行 女同步语法二：过去分词作定语(done)-修饰名词表被动/完成 语法精讲精练一 一、语法精讲 (一)基本定义 现在分词是非谓语动词的一种，doig作定语时，用于修饰名词或代词，相当于形容词，表达 主动含义或进行含义。其中，后置定语(doig短语)是高考语法填空、短文改错、阅读理解 中的核心考点，强调被修饰名词是动作的执行者或动作正在发生。 (二)核心用法与位置 现在分词作定语分为前置定语和后置定语，高考重点考查后置定语，两者位置和含义有所区 别： 类型 位置 含义 示例 直接放在 表名词的特征或正 前置定语（单个现 被修饰名 在进行的动作（主 a running boy(一个正在跑的男孩)a 在分词) 词前面 动/进行) surprising result(一个今人惊讶的结果) 放在被修 后置定语（现在分 表主动或进行，动 The boy standing there is my 饰名词后 作由名词发出或正 词短语) brother.The students playing 面 在进行 basketball are from Class 1. 后置定语转换规则： 现在分词短语=主动语态的定语从句（关系代词+be+doing/ 关系代词+主动谓语动词) ②例句：The man standing at the door is our teacher, ⑧例句：The workers building the bridge are from Sichuan. 考点提示：高考常考查分词与定语从句的转换，以及分词形式的正确选择（主动/被动）。 (三)核心含义区分 1.表主动：被修饰名词是动作的执行者（最核心考点） O例句：The teacher teaching English is very experienced.(老师主动教学) 2.表进行：动作正在进行（常与时间状语或语境关联） O例句：The car running on the highway belongs to my uncle.(汽车正在行 驶) 注：主动与进行常相互重叠，高考只需判断名词与动词的逻辑关系为主动即可。 (四)现在分词作定语Vs过去分词作定语（高考必考点） 对比维度 现在分词(doing) 过去分词(done) 主动/进行名词发出动作或动作正在 被动/完成名词承受动作或动作已 逻辑关系 进行 完成 a developing country(发展中国 a developed country(发达国 示例（前置） 家)a falling tree 家)a fallen tree(已经倒下的 (正在倒下的树) 树) 示例（后置） The boy running home is my The boy punished by the son.(主动跑) teacher cried.(被动惩罚) 易错点：不及物动词的现在分词只表主动/进行（如ying bird飞行的鸟），不及物动词的过去 分词只表完成（如fallen leaves落叶），切勿混淆。 (五)高考高频考点总结 1.区分现在分词（主动/进行）与过去分词（被动/完成）作定语 O例句：The exciting news made everyone happy.(现在分词，news主动命人兴 奋) O例句：The excited fans cheered loudly.(过去分词，fans被动感到兴奋) 2.现在分词短语与定语从句的同义转换 ⑧例句：The students sitting at the back are quiet. The students who are sitting at the back are quiet. 3.识别名词与分词的主动逻辑关系 例句：The man holding an umbrella is waiting for the bus,(man主a动hold) 4.区分现在分词与动名词作定语 高考不常直接考，但需知道。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(6小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The students in the classroom are having an English class A.studying B.studied C.to study D.having studied 2.The book on the desk belongs to Tom. A.lying B.laid C.lain D.being lain 3.The girl a red dress is my sister. A.wearing B.worn C.to wear D.being worn 4.Do you know the man the project? A.leading B.led C.to lead D.being led 5.The bridge the city with the town was built last year. A.connecting B.connected C.to connect D.having connected 6.The news everyone was false A.exciting B.excited C.to excite D.having excited (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(6小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的现在分词形式填空。 1.The students (attend)the lecture are from different schools. 2.The machine (work)in the factory was imported from Japan. 3.The woman (hold)a baby in her arms is a nurse. 4.The project (involve)many experts took two years to complete. 5.The teacher (teach)us English is very patient. 6.The painting (show)a beautiful landscape was bought by a collector. (三)篇章语法填空（10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 Last Sunday,I walked in a park 1.(lie)in the heart of the city.I saw a group of children 2. (fly)kites.Near the lake,there were some old men 3._ (fish).A couple 4. (sit)on a bench was talking happily.A little girl 5. (chase)a butterfly caught my eye.The trees 6.(line)the path were very tall.There was a musician 7.(play)the guitar under a tree.The people 6 (jog)around the lake were exercising.A woman 9. (walk)her dog passed by.The whole scene was so peaceful.I took a photo 10. (show) the beauty of the park. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.A;3.A;4.A;5.A;6.A 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.attending 2.working 3.holding 4.involving 5.teaching 6.showing 形式填空 (三)篇章 1.lying 2.flying 3.fishing 4.sitting 5.chasing 6.lining 语法填空 7.playing ;8.jogging 9.walking 10.showing 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种，作定语时用来修饰名词或代词，相当于形容词，表达被动 含义或完成含义，是高考英语语法填空、短文改错、阅读理解中的核心考点。 (二) 核心用法与位置 分类 位置 含义 示例 考点提示 高考常考单个过去 前置定 a broken window(一扇被 语（单 直接放在被 表被动或 分词与现在分词、 已完成动 打碎的窗户一一表被动) 修饰名词前 形容词作前置定语 个过去 作，简化 fallen leaves(落叶- 一表 面 的区别，重点区分 分词) 句子结构 完成) 主动/被动关系 放在被修饰 The letter written by my 高考语法填空、单 后置定 表被动， 语（过 名词后面， sister is on the desk. 选常考分词短语与 动作由他 相当于一个 The letter which was 定语从句的转换， 去分词 人施加在 被动语态的 written by my sister is 以及分词形式的正 短语) 名词上 定语从句 on the desk. 确使用 转换规则：过去分词短语=which/that/who+be+过去分词 (三)核心含义区分 含义 说明 例句 表被动（最核心 被修饰的名词是动 an admired teacher一位被敬佩的老师 考点) 作的承受者 表完成（少数不 动作已经完成，无 a retired worker一位退休的工人fallen 及物动词) 被动含义 leaves落叶(fall为不及物动词) ★易错提醒：不及物动词的过去分词只表完成，不表被动，如：faen(落下的)、 gone(离去的)、risen(升起的)、come(来的)。切勿误用为被动含义。 (四)过去分词作定语Vs现在分词作定语（高考必考点） 对比 项 过去分词(done) 现在分词(doing) 逻辑 与被修饰名词为被动或完成关系 与被修饰名词为主动或进行关系 关系 含义 名词承受动作，或动作已经完成 名词主动发出动作，或动作正在进行 a used book一本被用过的书 a running boy一个正在跑的男孩（主动、进 例句 (被动) fallen leaves落叶 行)an interesting story一个有趣的故事 (完成) (主动) (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.单个过去分词作前置定语Vs分词短语作后置定语 a spoken question一个口头问题（单个过去分词spoken前置修饰question). he question asked by the student is hard to answer..(过去分词短语后置 修饰question) 2.区分过去分词（被动完成）与现在分词（主动进行）作定语 The exciting news made us happy.(exciting现在分词，表消息今人兴奋，主 动含义) The excited fans cheered for the singer.(excited过去分词，表粉丝感到兴 奋，被动状态含义) 3过去分词短语与定语从句的同义转换 The bridge built last year is strong The bridge which was built last year is strong.(两句同义) 4.不规则动词过去分词的正确拼写 a broken bike(break→broken,非breaked) a seen mistake(see→seen,非seed) a written report (write-written,writed) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The movie made all the audience feel scared. A.frightening B.frightened C.frighten D.being frightened 2.The question at the meeting yesterday is very important. A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.to be discussed 3.Most of the artists to the party are from America A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting 4.Don't use words,expressions or phrases only to people with rich knowledge. A.being known B.having known C.to be known D.known 5.The house last year is a big shopping mall now. A.built B.being built C.to be built D.building 6.We are asked to clean the classroom every day. A.using B.used C.to use D.use 7.The children were sitting quietly in the corner A.surprising B.surprised C.surprise D.to surprise 8.The book for English learners is very popular. A.designing B.designed C.to design D.design 9.All tickets have been sold out. A.printed B.printing C.to print D.print 10.The story by the little girl moved everyone present. A.told B.telling C.to tell D.be told (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的过去分词形式填空。 1.The (break)glass is dangerous,so please pick it up 2.The novel (write)by Mo Yan is worth reading. 3.We saw the (fall)trees on the side of the road after the storm. 4.The (pollute)river has killed a lot of fish. 5.The project (complete)last month is very successful. 6.The (lose)boy was found by the police yesterday. 7.The (paint)wall looks very beautiful now. 8.The advice (give)by the teacher is very useful. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 Last week,we visited an old castle 1.(build)hundreds of years ago.It is one of the most famous places 2.(visit)in our city.The walls 3. (paint)in ancient styles are well protected.There are many old photos 4. _(take)by the kings and queens in the castle.The rooms 5 (use)for important meetings are still kept in good condition.The furniture 6. (make)of wood is very valuable.We also saw a big clock 1 (stop)for many years,but it still looks beautiful.A guide 8. (call)Tom told us many stories about the castle.He showed us some paintings 9. (draw)by famous artists.The stories 10.(write)on the walls are very interesting.We all felt interested in the 11. (amaze) history of the castle.Before leaving,we took many photos in front of the 12. (ruin)towers. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.A;3.B;4.D;5.A;6.B;7.B;8.B;9.A;10.A 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.broken 2.written 3.fallen 4.polluted 5.completed 6.lost; 形式填空 7.painted 8.given (三)篇章 1.built 2.to visit 3.painted 4.taken 5.used 6.made 语法填空 7.stopped 8.called 9.drawn 10.written 11.amazing 12.ruined