Unit 4 Stage and screen-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修二（外研版）

Unit 4 Stage and screen 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：现在分词作状语（完成式having done).-表先于谓语的主动动作 女同步语法二：状语从句（时间/原因状语从句）-when /while/because等引导 语法精讲精练 (一)基本定义 现在分词完成式(having done)是非谓语动词的一种，作状语时表示该动作发生在谓语动词 所表示的动作之前，且与句子主语构成主动关系。它相当于一个时间、原因、条件或让步状语 从句的简化形式，在高考语法填空、短文改错和写作中频繁出现。 (二)核心用法与位置 现在分词完成式作状语通常位于句首（也可置于句中或句尾，但以句首常见），用逗号与主句 隔开。其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。主要功能如下： 功能 含义 例句 对应状语从句 表时间（先于谓 动作在谓语 Having finished his After he had finished homework,he went out to 语) 之前发生 his homework,... play. 动作是谓语 Having been caught in Because she had been 表原因 的原因 the rain,she caught a cold. caught in the rain,.. 表条件（罕见） 假设性前提 Having seen the notice If you had seen the you would know the truth. notice,... 表让步（罕见） 尽管先做了 Having tried many times. Although he had tried 某事 he still failed. many times,... 描述伴随状 He stood there and had 表伴随（较少用） 态，强调先 He stood there,having said nothing. said nothing 后 位置强调：句首最常见，如：Having taken the medicine,he felt better.若置于句中， 常插在主谓之间，如：The man,having finished his speech,left the hall. (三)核心含义区分 l.主动且先于谓语：主语是having done动作的发出者，且该动作完成于谓语之前。 例：Having lived in London for years,he knows the city well,("居住"先于"知 道”) 2.与主句动词的先后关系：having done强调“已完成”，而现在分词一般式(doing).强 调“同时发生“或”一般性”。 比较： Walking along the street,I met an old friend.(walk与meet同时发生) Having walked along the street for an hour,I felt tired.(walkFfeel tired) (四)现在分词完成式Vs现在分词一般式（高考必考点） 形式 时间关系 逻辑关系 例句 与谓语同时 主动进行或 doing（一般式) Seeing the teacher,the students stood 或几乎同时 一般状态 up having done 明确先于谓 主动且已完 Having seen the teacher,the students (完成式) 语 成 sat down immediately. having been 被动且已完 done(被动完成 先于谓语 Having been told the news,she burst 成 nto tears 式) 易错点：当动作明显先于谓语且为主动时，必须用naving done,不能用doing。例如： (finish)his work,he left the office.答案：Having finished(不能是 Finishing,因为finish先于leave)。 (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.逻辑主语一致性 Having been warned about the storm,the captain changed the course. 语the captain-与warned被动一致) 注意：若逻辑主语不一致，需用独立主格结构：The weather having cleared,we continued our journey.(高考常考独立主格，但此处重点仍是完成式作状语) 2.完成式与被动完成式的选择 主动：Having visited the museum,they went back home. 被动：Having been visited by many tourists,the museum is well known. 判断依据：主语与having done是主动还是被动关系。 3.与定语从句的转换 完成式作状语可转换为相应的状语从句： Having passed the exam,he felt relaxed.After he had passed the exam, he felt relaxed. 4.在写作中的高级替换 使用naving done代替ater/because从句，提升句子简洁性和复杂度，是高分作文常用 技巧。 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. the project ahead of time,the team celebrated wildly. A.Completed B.Completing C.Having completed D.Having been completed 2. by the heavy rain,the farmer decided to stay inside A.Caught B.Catching C.Having caught D.Being caught 3. the truth,the judge changed his decision. A.Knowing B.Having known C.Known D.To know 4. enough money,she bought a new laptop. A.Saved B.Saving C.Having saved D.Having been saved 5. the news,she burst into laughter. A.Hearing B.Heard C.Having heard D.Being heard 6. many times,the scientist still kept working. A.Failed B.Failing C.Having failed D.Having been failed 7. his keys,he couldn't get into the house. A.Lost B.Losing C.Having lost D.Having been lost 8. from the same company,the two reports are quite different. A.Written B.Writing C.Having written D.Having been written 9. the instructions carefully,he made no mistakes. A.Followed B.Following C.Having followed D.To follow 10. by the teacher,the student felt ashamed A.Criticizing B.Criticized C.Having criticized D.Having been criticized (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的适当形式（现在分词完成式或被动完成式）填空。 1 (finish)her training,she started her own business 2. (tell)the news,he immediately called his family. 3. (live)abroad for ten years,he speaks several languages fluently. 4. (warn)about the danger,the explorers still went ahead. 5. (write)three novels,she finally gained fame. 6. (reject)by several universities,he felt discouraged. 7 (work)all day,he was extremely tired. 8. (offer)a promotion,she decided to accept it. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（注意使用现在分词完成式、被动完 成式或适当形式)。 Last month,a group of students went on a field trip to the wetlands.1. (wait)for the bus for over an hour,they finally arrived at the destination.The guide,2. (prepare)the materials beforehand,began to explain the ecosystem.3.(see)a rare bird,the students took photos excitedly. However,4. (walk)for three hours,some began to feel exhausted 5. (not bring)enough water,they had to ask the guide for help.The guide. 6. _(notice)their tiredness,suggested a short rest.7.(give)a bottle of water,each student felt grateful. Later,they came across a polluted area.8. (influence)by human activities, the local wildlife had decreased sharply.9. (realize)the seriousness of the problem,they decided to write a report.10. (finish)the report,they submitted it to the school newspaper.The teacher,11. (read)their report, praised their efforts.12. (inspire)by this experience,many students decided to become environmentalists 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.A;3.B;4.C;5.C;6.C;7.C;8.D;9.C;10.D 选择 (二)用所 1.Having finished 2.Having been told 3.Having lived 4.Having been 给词的适当 warned 5.Having written 6.Having been rejected 7.Having worked 形式填空 8.Having been offered 1.Having waited 2.having prepared 3.Having seen 4.having (三)篇章 walked 5.Not having brought 6.having noticed 7.Having been 语法填空 given 8.Having been influenced 9.Having realized 10.Having finished 11.having read 12.Having been inspired 章 语法精讲精练二 （一)基本定义 状语从句在复合句中充当状语，修饰主句的谓语动词、形容词或整个句子。时间状语从句 表示动作发生的时间，原因状语从句说明动作发生的原因。高考重点考查引导词的含义辨 析以及主从句的时态呼应。 (二)核心用法与位置 1.时间状语从句 引导词 含义与用法 例句 when ①可表示主句动作与从句动作同时发生或 When I got home,my mother 先后发生；②从句动词可为短暂性或延续 was cooking.我到家时，妈妈正在 性；③常用于"was/were 做饭。/I was reading when the doing..when.."句式，表示"正在.. phone rang.我正在看书，这时电话 这时突然” 响了。 While I was watching TV,my ①强调主句与从句动作同时进行，从句动 brother was doing homework. while 词必须是延续性；②可表示对比，译为 在看电视时，弟弟在做作业。/1ike “而”；③不能用于指代一次性短暂动作 coffee while my sister prefers tea.我喜欢咖啡，而我妹妹喜欢茶。 ①强调两个动作同时发生，常译为”一 She sang as she walked.她边走边 边…一边..”；②可表示随着时间推 唱。/As time goes on,our as 移，as引导的从句谓语动词多为延续性 knowledge grows.随着时间的推 移，我们的知识增长。 表示”在…之前” Please turn off the lights before before you leave.离开前请关灯。 After he finished his work,he after 表示"在…之后” went home.他完成工作后回家了。 He waited until the rain stopped. until 表示”直到…”；主句谓语动词为延续性 他一直等到雨停。/She didn't ti训 时用肯定式，为短暂性时用否定式 leave until|came back.直到我回 (not...until) 来她扌离开。 表示”自从.以来”，主句通常用现在完 I have lived here since I was since 成时，从句用一般过去时 born.我自出生就住在这里。 as 表示”一…就.…”，主从句时态通常 As soon as he arrives,I will call soon 致，或用“主将从现” you.他一到我就给你打电话。 as 2.原因状语从句 引导词 含义与用法 例句 ①直接、最根本的原因，语气最强； He didn't come because he was ill. because ②用于回答why的问句；③可被强 他没来因为他病了。/一Why are you 调句型"tis.that."强调 late?-Because I missed the bus. Since everyone is here,let's start 表示已知的、明显的原因，语气较 since the meeting.既然大家都到了，我们 弱，常译为“既然”，多置于句首 开始会议吧。 表示双方都知道的、不太重要的原 因，语气最弱，常译为“由于”，多置 As it was raining,we stayed at as 于句首 home.由于下雨，我们待在家里。 并列连词，连接两个并列分句，表示 He must be tired,for he looks pale. for 补充说明或推断的理由，不用于句 首，前面常有逗号 他一定累了，因为他脸色苍白。 (三)核心含义区分 I.when与while的辨析 ★when后可用短暂性或延续性动词；while后只能用延续性动词。 ★when可表示“突然发生”（常用于was/were doing..when);while无此用法。 ★while可表示对比转折；when一般不这样用。 2.because与since/as的辨析 ★because原因直接、未知，回答why;since原因已知、明显；as原因双方都清楚， 语气最弱。 ★because可用于强调句；since和as不能用于强调句。 ★f和r为并列连词，不能位于句首，前面需逗号，表示推断性原因。 (四)易错点 1.时间状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时(“主将从现”)。 I will tell him as soon as he comes back. X I will tell him as soon as he will come back. 2.not..until结构中，主句动词必须是瞬间性动词。 She didn't leave until the rain stopped X She didn't watch TV until the rain stopped.(watch为延续性动词，应改为 started to watch) 3.while不能引导短暂性动作。 While I was reading,he came in. X While he came in,I was reading.(应改为when) 4.because与so不能同时使用。 Because it rained,we stayed at home. X Because it rained,so we stayed at home. (五)高考高频考点总结 ①when/while/as的辨析（尤其是动作的延续性及“突然"含义） 2主从句时态呼应(“主将从现"及完成时与since搭配) ③not.until的倒装与强调句型 ④because与since/as/for的语境选择 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.I was about to leave the telephone rang. A.while B.as C.when D.since 2. you have finished your homework,you can go out to play. A.Because B.Since C.For D.When 3.Please wait here I come back. A.until B.when C.while D.as 4.He didn't go to bed his mother came back. A.when B.while C.until D.as 5. it was raining hard,they still went to the park. A.Since B.Because C.As D.Although 6.I will call you I get to Beijing. A.while B.as soon as C.until D.when 7.She was watching TV her brother was playing the piano. A.when B.while C.as D.before 8. he was ill,he didn't attend the meeting. A.Because B.Since C.For D.As 9.We have known each other we were children. A.when B.after C.since D.before 10.It was he was late that he missed the bus. A.since B.because C.as D.for (二)用适当的连词填空(8小题) 从括号中选择或从所学连词中选取合适的词填入空白处，每空一词。 1. (When/While)I walked into the room,everyone was singing. 2. (Since/Because)you don't like the plan,let's change it. 3.Please finish your work_(before/until)you leave. 4.He was having dinner (when/while)someone knocked at the door. 5. (As/Because)the sun set,the temperature dropped quickly. 6.I didn't realize the importance of health (until/when)I got sick. 7. (Since/While)she is good at English,she often helps her classmates. 8.We'll start our trip (as soon as/until)the rain stops. (三)完成句子(6小题) 根据汉语提示，用状语从句补全句子，每空词数不限。 1.直到他回来我扌离开。 I didn't leave 2既然你已经长大了，你应该自己做决定。 you should make your own decision. 3.我一边走路一边听音乐。 I listened to music 4.他因为迟到而受到了批评。 He was criticized 5.我到家时，妹妹正在做作业。 my sister was doing homework. 6.汤姆一听到这个消息就哭了起来。 Tom cried 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.B;3.A;4.C;5.D;6.B;7.B;8.A;9.C;10.B 选择 (二)用适 当的连词填 1.When 2.Since 3.before 4.when 5.As 6.until 7.Since 8.as 空 soon as 1.I didn't leave until he came back.2.Since you have grown up, (三)完成 you should make your own decision.3.I listened to music as I 句子 walked.4.He was criticized because he was late.5.When I got home,my sister was doing homework.6.Tom cried as soon as he heard the news.