Unit 3 Family matters-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（外研版）

Unit 3 Family matters 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：时态综合（七大核心时态的用法） ★同步语法二：被动语态综合（各时态被动结构） 语法精讲精练 ()基本定义 时态(Tense)是表示动作或状态发生时间与方式的动词形式。高中阶段要求掌握七大核心时 态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过 去完成时。每种时态由时间（现在、过去、将来）与状态（一般、进行、完成)组合而成，是 高考语法填空、短文改错、写作及阅读理解长难句分析的基础。 (二)核心用法对比表 下表梳理七大核心时态的构成、核心用法及典型标志词（注：被动语态、完成进行时等暂不涉 及，聚焦高中核心考点)。 时态名称 肯定结构 核心用法 典型标志词 例句（高中难度） always,often, The moon revolves work ①表示经常性、习惯 usually,every around the earth. works(第 性动作或客观事实、 一般现在时 day,once a (客观真理)/1wi训 三人称单 真理；②在时间/条件 week;as soon call you as soon as 数) 状语从句中表将来 as,if,unless he arrives.(主将从 (从句) 现) ①表示过去某个时间 发生的动作或状态， yesterday,last She graduated 常与过去时间状语连 week,in 2010, from Oxford in 2020 一般过去时 worked 用；②表示过去习惯 the other day, and became a 性动作(= ago,just now researcher, used to) Look at those dark tomorrow, clouds;it is going will work ①wl表临时决定或 next month,in to rain heavily.(迹 am/is/are 预测；②be going the future, 一般将来时 象)/1 will help going to to表计划、打算或已 soon;look at work 有迹象的必然发生 the clouds(迹 you with the project,I promise. 象） (临时决定) ①表示现在正在进行 The number of now,at 的动作；②与always online learners is present,at 等连用，表“总是做某 increasing rapidly. am/is/are this moment; 现在进行时 事”带情感色彩；③ (正在进行)/Heis working (搭配进 表示按计划即将发生 always 行时表反感或赞 always leaving his 的动作(go,come, keys in the office. 赏) leave等位移动词) (表示不满) ①表示过去某个时间 at that time While I was 点或时间段正在进行 at 8 o'clock was/were 过去进行时 working 的动作；②常用于故 yesterday, walking along the street,a car hit a 事背景，与一般过去 while,when tree.(长动作被打断) 时连用（一长一短) (从句) The application of Al ①表示过去发生且对 already,yet, technology has 现在有影响的动作 just,ever, brought great have/has (已完成)；②表示 never,so far, convenience to our 现在完成时 worked 过去开始并延续到现 up to now,in daily life.(影响至 在的动作（未完成）； the past/last 今)/She has ③表示经历或经验 时间，since,for worked here since 2015.(延续) ①表示“过去的过去 发生的动作，常用在 By the time the by the end of rescue team by+过去时间、 last year,by had 过去完成时 before/after等从句 arrived,the building then,before, worked 中；②表示一个动作 had collapsed after,when 在另一个过去动作之 (从句动作在先) completely..(先崩塌 后到达) 前完成 (三) 高考高频考点与易错点 1.一般现在时在从句中表来（主将从现) ②正a确：If he comes tomorrow,we will start the meeting, 错误：☐If he will come tomorrow.(从句不用wil) 2.过去进行时Vs.一般过去时（长动作Vs.短动作） O例句：I was reading a novel when suddenly I heard a scream. ⊙考点：when从句常用一般过去时（短动作），主句用过去进行时（长背景）。 3.现在完成时Vs.一般过去时（高考必考） 现在完成时强调与现在的联系，不特指过去时间；一般过去时只陈述过去事实，常有明确 过去时间。 对比：I have seen the film./I saw the film last night, 4.现在完成时与延续性动词/短暂性动词 短暂性动词（如buy,die,leave)不能与for/since连用表"持续"，需转换为be+形容词/ 副词（如：have had,have been dead,have been away)。 易错：He has bought the car for two years.→正确：He has had the car for two years. 5.过去完成时必须有“过去参照点”（常由by/before/when等引导） g例句：She had learned50o0 words by the end of last term, 。注意：单独一个过去时间点不能用过去完成时，必须与另一个过去时间对比。 6.一般将来时的多种表达辨析 will:临时决定、预测；be going to:计划、迹象；be to do:按计划或命分；be about to do:立即就要（不与具体将来时间连用）。 高考常考：The meeting is to begin at9a.m./The train is about to leave. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The number of people who _the concert is still unknown,but the organizers preparations for weeks. A.attend;have been making B.will attend;have been making C.are attending;had made D.attended;were making 2.By the time the police arrived,the thief all the jewellery. A.has stolen B.had stolen C.was stealing D.stole 3.If you what the teacher said in class,you the exam so easily. A.had remembered;would have passed B.remembered;will pass C.remember;would pass D.have remembered;passed 4.-Look!Someone the window. -It must have been Tom.He football in the garden at that time. A.is breaking;was playing B.has broken;was playing C.broke;played D.had broken;had played 5.It is the first time that I such a magnificent architecture A.see B.saw C.have seen D.had seen 6.1 _to help my sister with her math homework when my mother called me for dinner. A.was about to begin B.had begun C.began D.would begin 7.The research team 5G technology for years before they finally made a breakthrough last year. A.had been studying B.have studied C.studied D.were studying 8.In recent years,the government great efforts to improve the living standards of rural areas. A.makes B.made C.has made D.will make 9.-Why didn't you attend the lecture yesterday? -I an important interview at that time. A.had B.was having C.have had D.would have 10.The moment he walked into the room,he realized that he his briefcase in the taxi. A.left B.had left C.has left D.was leaving (二)用所给动词的适当时态填空(10小题) 根据语境，用括号内动词的正确时态形式填空。 1.By the time the new policy(take)effect,many small businesses (already,close)down. 2.She (suffer)from a severe headache all day yesterday,so she (go)to bed early. 3.The professor (give)a speech on climate change at 3 p.m.tomorrow. 4.It (be)three years since I last_ (visit)my hometown,which (change)a lot. 5.He (always,complain)about the noise from the construction site;it drives everyone crazy. 6.The experiment (fail)because the scientists (not consider)all the variables before they started. 7.If you (not hurry)up,you (miss)the last bus. 8.l (call)you several times this morning,but you (not answer)the phone. 9.The moment I saw her,I felt I (meet)her somewhere before. 10.This is the most touching movie that I （(ever,see). (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确时态形式。 Last summer,I 1. (travel)to Yunnan Province,which I 2 (long for) for years.When I 3. _(arrive)in Kunming,the weather 4. (be)】 perfect.I 5. (stay)there for three days before I 6. (head)to Dali. During my stay,I 7. (encounter)a local artist who 8. (paint) traditional Chinese landscape pictures for over two decades.By the time I left,I 9. (learn)a lot about the culture of the Bai ethnic group.So far,I 10. (share)my travel experiences with my classmates,and they all say that they want to go there one day. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.B;3.A;4.B;5.C;6.A;7.A;8.C;9.B;10.B 选择 (二)用所 1.takes;had already closed 2.suffered;went 3.will be giving is 给动词的适 giving 4.is;visited;has changed 5.is always complaining 6.failed; 当时态填空 had not considered 7.don't hurry;will miss 8.have called;didn't answer 9.had met 10.have ever seen (三)篇章 1.traveled travelled 2.had longed for 3.arrived 4.was 5.stayed 语法填空 6.headed 7.encountered 8.had been painting had painted 9.had learned 10.have shared 语法精讲精练二 (一）基本定义 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，而非执行者。其核心结构为“be+过去分词"，be 动词随主语的人称、数和时态变化。被动语态是高考英语语法填空、短文改错、完形填空 及写作中的高频考点，需熟练运用各时态被动结构。 (二) 各时态被动结构一览 时态 被动结构 示例 一般现在 am/is/are done 时 The classroom is cleaned every day. 一般过去 was/were done The letter was written yesterday. 时 现在进行 am/is/are being 时 The bridge is being built now. done 过去进行 was/were being The house was being painted at that 时 done time. 现在完成 have/has been The work has been finished already. 时 done 过去完成 The report had been written before I had been done 时 left. 一般将来 will/shall be done The exam will be held next week. 时 过去将来 would be done 时 He said the meeting would be put off. 含情态动 情态动词+be+done 词 This task must be completed on time ★注意：完成进行时（如have been doing).无被动语态；将来进行时(will be doing)亦无被动。 (三)主动变被动的方法与规则 1.基本步骤 ①主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语 ②谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”，be动词的时态与原主动句一致 ③原主语变为by+宾语（可省略） 例：The teacher praised the student.→The student was praised(by the teacher). 2.特殊结构 双宾语动词：如give,send,teach,有两种被动形式 间接宾语做主语：I was given a book./A book was given to me. 短语动词：整体看作一个及物动词，不可丢失介词/副词 主动：They look after the children.→被动：The children are looked after. 感官动词/使役动词：see,hear,make,Iet等，主动中省略to,被动中要加回to 主动：I saw him cross the street.→被动：He was seen to cross the street 3.主动表被动的情况（高考易错点） ①某些动词后接动名词，用主动形式表示被动含义：need/want/require+doing (need to be done) be worth doing The book is worth reading. ③系动词(Iook,sound,smell,taste,feel)后接形容词，用主动：The cake tastes delicious. ④某些不及物动词(sell,wash,write)用主动表被动：The pen writes smoothly. (四)被动语态的使用场景 1.动作执行者不明或无需提及：My wallet was stolen last night. 2.强调动作承受者：The old building was designed by a famous architect. 3.出于礼貌或客观陈述：It is believed that the plan will succeed, (五)高考高频考点总结 1.时态与语态结合判断：根据时间状语和语境确定be动词的时态形式。 例：The project (complete)by the end of next month.will have been completed(将来完成时被动) 2.被动语态中的主谓一致：be动词的数须与被动句主语一致。 例：A number of trees (plant)every year.-are planted (a number of+复数名词作主语) 3.情态动词+被动：情态动词后必须跟be done 例：The rules must (obey).→be obeyed 4非谓语动词中的被动：与分词、不定式结合考查。 例：The meeting (hold)tomorrow is important.-to be held (不定式被动作定语) 5.易混淆的结构：被动语态与系表结构(be done表状态)的区别。 例：The window was broken(动作：被打碎)vs The window is broken(状 态：现在是坏的) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.A new hospital in our town next year. A.will build B.will be built C.is building D.has built 2.The novel by the famous writer since 2010. A.has written B.is written C.has been D.wrote written 3.You can't use the computer now.It A.is repaired B.is being repaired C.was repaired D.repairs 4.When I got there,the problem already. A.solved B.had been solved C.was solved D.has been solved 5.The flowers need every day. A.to water B.watering C.be watered D.being watered 6.It is said that the meeting last week A.cancelled B.was cancelled C.has cancelled D.cancels 7.English in many countries all over the world. A.speaks B.is spoken C.spoke D.is speaking 8.The boy to the teacher because he broke the window. A.is made to apologize B.made to apologize C.was made apologize D.was made to apologize 9.Great attention should to the problem. A.pay B.be paid C.be paying D.have paid 10.The experiment by the end of this month. A.will finish B.will have finished C.will be finished D.will have been finished (二)用所给词的适当形式填空（10小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确形式（被动语态或主动表被动）填空。 1.The tickets for the concert (sell)out already. 2.The young trees」 (water)every morning by my grandfather. 3.A new road (build)through the village last year. 4.The sports meeting_ (hold)next Friday,isn't it? 5.1 (tell)that you had passed the test. 6.The soup (taste)very delicious. 7.The old bridge_(repair)when I passed by yesterday. 8.So far,no decision (make)about the plan. 9.The students (require)to wear uniforms in school. 10.This kind of cloth (wash)well and (last)long. (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（注意语态和时态）。 The Great Wall of China 1. (know)as one of the greatest wonders of the world.It 2. (build)over 2,000 years ago.At that time,it 3 (use)to protect the country from enemies.Today,millions of tourists 4. (attract)by its long history every year. Last summer,I 5. (invite)to visit the Wall with my family.When we arrived,we 6. (amaze)by its size.Many steps 7._ (repair) already,but some still need 8. (repair).A guide told us that the wall 9 (list)as a World Heritage Site in 1987. Now,the Great Wall 10. (consider)a symbol of China's ancient civilization. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.C;3.B;4.B;5.B;6.B;7.B;8.D;9.B;10.D 选择 (二)用所 1.have been sold 2.are watered 3.was built 4.will be held 给词的适当 5.was told 6.tastes 7.was being repaired 8.has been made 形式填空 9.are required 10.washes;lasts (三)篇章 1.is known 2.was built 3.was used 4.are attracted 5.was 语法填空 invited 6.were amazed 7.have been repaired 8.repairing /to be repaired 9.was listed 10.is considered