Unit 1 A new start-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（外研版）

Unit 1 A new start 语法专项精讲精练 章 语法概览 ☆同步语法一：基本句型结构 ☆同步语法二：简单句与复合句 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 英语基本句型是构成所有复杂句子的基础，由主语(S)、谓语动词()、宾语(O)、补语 (C)、表语(P)等核心成分按固定顺序组合而成。掌握五种基本句型，能帮助你快速分析句 子结构、理解长难句、提升写作准确性，是高考语法填空、短文改错、写作等题型的根基。 (二)核心用法与结构（五种基本句型） 句型名称 结构公式 核心含义 典型例句 主语自己发出动作， 主谓 S+V(不及物) The sun rises in the east. 不涉及宾语 S+V(及物) 主语发出动作，动作 主谓宾 She wrote a letter yesterday. +O 施加于宾语 S+V+间接 主谓双宾 宾语+直接宾 主语把某物给某人， He gave me a book./He 或为某人做某事 语 bought his mother a gift. 主语通过动作使宾语 主谓宾宾补 S+V+O+ We found the problem 具有某种状态或身份 unsolvable. 主语的状态、性质、 主系表 S+系动词+ The idea sounds fantastic 身份等由表语描述 (三)核心含义区分 1.主谓Vs主谓宾 关键在于谓语动词是否能直接带宾语。不及物动词（如appear,happen)不能直接接名 词作宾语；及物动词（如make,see)必须接宾语。 2.双宾语Vs宾语补足语 双宾语：动词后接两个宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），两者无逻辑主谓关系 ②例句：I passed him the salt.(him和the salt均可单独作宾语) 宾语补足语：宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑主谓关系，即“宾语是宾补动作的执行者或描述对 象” O例句：I found him cheating.(cheating为him的补足语，不可单独移除) 3.主系表的系动词 系动词：除be外，还有感官系动词(feel,look,smell,,sound,taste)、变化系动词 (become,grow,turn)、保持系动词(remain,stay)等。高考常考系动词后接形容词 作表语（而非副词）。 ②例句：The soup tastes delicious.(delicious是形容词) ⑨易错：He looks angrily at me..(Iook为实义动词，接副词)；He looks angry.(系 动词后接形容词) (四)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.区分不及物动词与及物动词：句子结构会因此变化。 不及物动词：The accident occurred yesterday.(occur不及物，无被动语态) 及物动词：The company produced 1000 cars last year.(produce及物，可改为 被动) 2.双宾语与复合宾语的转换与判断： 双宾语：可转换为S+V+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语（如give sth.tosb.) g例句：He offered the poor some food.→He offered some food to the poor. (可转换) 宾语补足语：不可转换 例句：They named the baby Lucy.→不可说named Lucy to the baby 3.系动词后接形容词Vs副词： O例句：The soup tastes delicious,(delicious是形容词) 易错：He looks angrily at me.(look为实义动词)；He looks angry.(系动词) 4.There be句型（特殊主谓结构）：表示"存在”，主语在be之后，be需与主语保持数的一 致。 O例句：There are many students playing on the playground, 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The old man alone in the park every morning. A.walks B.is walking C.walked D.has walked 2.He his younger sister a new dictionary as a birthday present. A.bought B.bought to C.buys for D.buying 3.The news made all of us A.excited B.exciting C.excite D.to excite 4.She very pale after the illness. A.looked B.looked like C.was looked D.looks as 5.Please show me you have drawn. A.what B.that C.which D.where 6.The teacher asked us the classroom immediately. A.leave B.to leave C.leaving D.left 7.There many national parks in China. A.is B.are C.has D.have 8.The flowers sweet in spring. A.smell B.are smelt C.smell like D.are smelling 9.He his mother a letter last week,but he hasn't received a reply. A.wrote B.written C.has written D.was written 10.We consider the problem difficult to solve A.being B.to be C.as D.is (二)句子改错(5小题) 下列每个句子中有一处语法错误，请找出并改正。 1.The sun rises in the west every morning. →改： 2.He gave to me a present on my birthday. →改： 3.The cake tastes wonderfully.Could you pass me another piece? →改： 4.There are a book and two pens on the desk. →改： 5.We found him sleeped in the room. →改： (三)完成句子(6小题) 根据提示，将下列汉语翻译成英语，注意使用正确的句型结构。 1.这道数学题让我很困惑。 (puzzle) → 2.她昨天给她的学生们讲了一个有趣的故事。 (tell) 3.那个男孩看起来非常聪明。 (look) 4.我们选他当班长。 (elect..+宾补) → 5.这个花园里有许多不同的花。 (There be) → 6.他把那辆旧车修好了。 (get+宾+宾补) 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.A;3.A;4.A;5.A;6.B;7.B;8.A;9.A;10.B 选择 (二)句子 改错 1.east 2.gave a present to me;3.wonderful 4.is 5.sleeping 1.This math problem puzzles me.The math problem makes me (三)完成 puzzled.2.She told her students an interesting story yesterday.; 句子 3.That boy looks very clever.4.We elected him monitor.5.There are many different kinds of flowers in this garden.6.He got the old car repaired. 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 句子按结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句只包含一个主谓结构；复合句包含两个 或以上主谓结构，且之间有主从或并列关系。高考语法填空、短文改错、写作中，准确区 分句子类型是理解长难句和避免句式混乱的关键。 (二) 核心分类与结构 句 子 定义 结构特点 高考考点提示 型 简 主语+谓语 无从句；常见五大基本句型(S+V, 只有一个主谓结构，表达 单 （+宾语/表 S+V+O,S+V+P,S+V+IO+DO, 句 一个完整意思。 语/状语等) S+V+O+OC) 并 由并列连词(and,but, 简单句十连 连词选择（逻辑关系）；逗号+连词结 列 or,so,for等)连接两个或 词+简单句 构；并列句与复合句的区别 句 多个简单句。 复 包含一个主句和一个或多 从句引导词(that,which,who, 主句十连接 合 个从句（名词性从句、定 when,because等)；主从句时态呼 词+从句 句 语从句、状语从句)。 应；从句位置与成分 (三)简单句核心用法 1.五大基本句型（高考写作高频结构） 主语+谓语(S+V):Birds fly. 主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O):She loves music. 主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P):He seems happy. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO):He gave me a book. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(S+V+O+Oc):We made him monitor.. 2.简单句唯一标志：仅有一套主谓结构，无连词连接另一套主谓。 (四)复合句三大类型（高考核心考点） 1.名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句） 引导词：that(无意义)、whether/if(是否)、疑问词(what,who,when, where,why,how等) 例句：What he said is true.(主语从句) I believe that he will come.(宾语从句) The question is whether we can finish on time.(表语从句) 考点：that不可省略的情况（主语从句/表语从句/同位语从句）；疑问词+ever的用 法；t作形式主语的句型。 2.定语从句（形容词性从句） 引导词：关系代词(who,whom,which,.that,whose)、关系副词(when, where,why） 例句：he student who won the prize is my classmate.(指人，作主语) The book which I bought yesterday is interesting.(指物，作宾语) 考点：关系代词与关系副词的选择（看从句缺不缺成分）；“介词+关系代词”结构； that与which区别；非限制性定语从句。 3.状语从句（副词性从句） 引导词：时间(when,while,as,before,after,since,until,as soon as等)、地 点(where,wherever)、原因(because,since,as,for)、条件(if,unless,as long as))、让步(although,though,even if)、目的(so that,in order that)、 结果(so...that,such...that)、比较(than,as.as)等。 例句：When I arrived,he had already left.(时间状语从句) If it rains,we will stay at home.(条件状语从句) 考点：时态一致（主将从现、主过从过）；连词意义辨析(because/since/as; although./thoug h);倒装(only置于句首、so.that部分倒装)。 (五)简单句与复合句的转换（高考高频技巧） 简单句：复合句（通过使用从句引导词或非谓语动词转换） 简单句：The man standing there is my teacher..→复合句：The man who is standing there is my teacher..(定语从句) 简单句：I will come to see you tomorrow.(简单句)→复合句：I will come to see you when I have time.(状语从句) 并列句复合句（通过改写逻辑关系） 并列句：He worked hard,and he finally succeeded.→复合句：Because he worked hard,he finally succeeded.(原因状语从句) (六)高考常考易错点总结 1.连词缺失导致句子粘连：两个简单句之间需用连词或分号，不可只用逗号(run-o sentence)。 错误：I like English,I study hard.(缺连词) 正确：I like English,so I study hard.(并列句)或Because I like English,I study hard.(复合句) 2.从句引导词混淆： √what(名词性从句中作成分)vs that(不作成分) √which(定语从句指物)vs that(可指物指人，但非限制性定从不用that) √when(时间)vs where(地点)vs why(原因)vs how(方式)一根据先 行词或从句语义选择 3状语从句的时态省略与主将从现：时间/条件状语从句中，主句将来时，从句用一般现 在时表将来（主将从现)。 例：If it rains tomorrow,we won'tgo. 4.并列句中的标点符号：并列连词前通常加逗号（尤其是在连接两个较长句子时）。 She finished her homework,and then she watched TV. 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择（10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. is known to us all is that the moon travels around the earth. A.It B.What C.As D.That 2.The reason he was late was that he got up late. A.why B.which C.that D.where 3.I'll show you the store _you may buy all that you need. A.which B.that C.where D.when 4. it rain tomorrow,we would put off the picnic. A.If B.Should C.Would D.Were 5.The teacher told us that light faster than sound A.traveled B.travels C.has traveled D.was traveling 6.She asked me I had finished my homework. A.that B.what C.whether D.which 7.The old man son is a doctor lives next door. A.who B.whom C.whose D.that 8.We'll never forget the days we spent together in the countryside. A.when B.that C.on which D.where 9. he said at the meeting made everyone excited. A.That B.What C.Whether D.If 10. you work hard,you will succeed. A.As long as B.As far as C.Unless D.Even if (二)用恰当的连接词填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，填入that,whether,if,what,which,who,whom,whose,When, where,why,how,because,.although,unless,,as soon as等合适的连词或关系词 (每空一词)。 1.The question is we can finish the work on time. 2.I don't know he will come or not. 3.The girl won the first prize is my best friend. 4.He didn't go to school yesterdayhe was ill. 5. he is very young,he knows a lot. 6.We will startt the rain stops. 7.This is the factory my father used to work. 8.Please tell me_you have arrived safely. (三)改写句子（将下列简单句/并列句改写为复合句，或反之）（共5小题） 注意：改写后的句子必须保持原意。 1.简单句→复合句（定语从句）： The girl is singing in the room.She is my sister. 2并列句→复合句（状语从句）： He was tired,but he went on working. → 3.复合句→简单句（非谓语动词短语）： The book which was written by Mo Yan is very popular. 4.简单句→复合句（宾语从句）： He said,“I will go there tomorrow."” → 5.并列句→复合句（定语从句）： I have a friend.His father is a doctor. → (四)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的连接词或关系词（每空一词）。 Last Sunday,we visited a museum 1. was built 100 years ago.The guide told us 2.the museum had over 3000 exhibits.Among them,I was most interested in a painting 3.was drawn by a famous artist. The guide asked us 4.we knew the story behind it.She explained 5. the painting showed the daily life of ancient people.The reason 6. the painting is so valuable is 7. it is the only one of its kind. We also saw a room 8. the emperor once lived.9._ we entered the room,we felt a sense of history.The guide said 10.the furniture was made of rosewood.I wondered 11. they could keep everything so well.12. we left,we took many photos 三、参考答案 (一）单项 选择 1.B;2.A;3.C;4.B;5.B;6.C;7.C;8.B;9.B;10.A (仁)用怡 1.whether 2.whether 3.who/that 4.because 当的连接词 5.Although/Though 6.as soon as/once 7.where 填空 8.that/how/when 1.The girl who is singing in the room is my sister.2.Although he was (三)改写 tired,he went on working.3.The book written by Mo Yan is very 句子 popular.4.He said that he would go there the next day.5.I have a friend whose father is a doctor. (四)篇章 1.which/that 2.that 3.that/which 4.whether/if 5.that 语法填空 6.why;7.that 8.where 9.When/As 10.that 11.how 12.Before/When