Unit 6 At one with nature-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修一（外研版）

Unit 6 At one with nature 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：定语从句中介词+关系代词的用法 ☆同步语法二：过去分词作定语 语法精讲精练 ()基本定义 介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语。这种结构常用于正式语 体，介词放在关系代词之前，使句子结构更紧凑、语义更清晰。它是高考语法填空、短文改错 和写作提分的核心考点。 (二)核心用法与结构 类型 结构 关系代词选择 示例 只能用whom The teacher to whom you 指人 prep.whom (不能用 spoke is my father..(你与之 who/that) 说话的那位老师是我父亲。) 只能用which This is the house in which I 指物 prep.which (不能用 lived for ten years.(这是我 that) 住了十年的房子。) The student whose book whose作定 was lost is crying,(书丢了的 所属关系 prep.whose 语，可与of 那个学生在哭。)→also:The +n. which互换 student the book of whom was lost..(较正式，少用) There are fifty students, n./pron./num. 数量/范围 表示“其中几个 of+ most of whom are girls. 一部分” (有50个学生，其中大多数是女 which/whom 生。) 介词 He found a pen with which 简化定语从句 常见于正式文 to write.(他找到一支用来写 +which/whom+不 体 定式 字的笔。=He found a pen with which he could write. 1.介词提前 介词必须紧跟在关系代词之前，不能留在从句末尾。 ②例句：√The pencil with which he wrote is broken. O例句：X The pencil which he wrote with is broken. (非正式口语中可接受，但高 考正式写作不推荐) 2.关系代词不能省略 关系代词不能省略：介词提前时，whom/which不能省略（试比较：普通定语从句中作宾 语的关系代词可省略，但此结构不可)。 。例句：（无例句） 3.动词短语中的介词 若动词是固定短语（如look after,depend on,take care of),介词通常不提前，而留 在动词后（即用普通关系代词whom/which/that或省路）。 ②例句：He is the man whom I am looking after..(介词ater不提前) O例句：x He is the man after whom I am looking. (别扭，除非极正式文体) (三) 核心含义与易混点（高考必考易混点） 介词+关系代词（正 普通关系代词（非 对比项 式) 例句对比 正式/口语) 指人 who/that(介词 The man to whom I wrote→ prep.whom 留在末尾) The man (who/that)I wrote to 指物 which/that(介词 The chair on which I sat prep.which 留在末尾) The chair(which/that)I sat on 所属关系 prep.whose whose(位置不 The girl whose hair is long- n 变) (不变，但of whom结构可替换) 只能使用介词+关系代词结构： 数词代词+of+ 数量范围 无简化形式 whom/which some of whom,many of which等 高考高频考点：介词的选择由先行词与从句谓语动词的搭配决定。 ⑨例句：The farm on which I worked→work on the farm @例句：The reason for which he was late→the reason for sth. ⑧例句：The knife with which I cut bread→cut bread with a knife (四)特殊结构：介词+which/whom+不定式（简化定语从句） 在正式书面语中，可用"介词+which/whom+todo“取代一个定语从句。 ⑧例句：I need a box in which to put the books. =I need a box which I can put the books in.(简化后更简洁) (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.介词的正确选择（根据固定搭配或语义） 根据固定搭配或语义选择介词 g例句：He is the person from whom I borrowed the book.(borrow from) 例句：This is the city in which I was born.(born in) 2.“介词+关系代词”与“关系副词”的转换 关系副词与介词+关系代词可互换 例句：where=in/at which;when=on/during which;why=for which 例句：I remember the day when I first met you,=I remember the day on which I first met you 例句：The reason why he resigned is unknown,=The reason for which he resigned is unknown. 3."代词/数词+of+whom/which"结构（必考） 表示整体中的部分 例句：There are many books,some of which are written in English. 例句：He has three sons,all of whom are doctors. 4.介词不能放在关系代词之前的情况 当介词属于固定短语且不能拆分时（如look for,pay for,send for)),介词必须留在从句 末尾，此时关系代词可用who/whom/which/that或省略。 例句：√This is the book which I am looking for.(不能说for which|am looking,虽然语法上可能，但习惯上不这样用) 5.介词+whose+名词的用法（表示所属） 介词+whose+名词表示所属 The scientist from whose research we benefit a lot will give a lecture. (介词from+whose research) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.Is this the farm you worked three years ago? A.which B.that C.on which D.where 2.The person I spoke just now is the manager of the company. A.with whom B.with who C.to whom D.to who 3.There are two windows in the room,faces the garden. A.one of which B.which one C.one of them D.that one 4.The professor_ _we learned a lot gave a speech yesterday. A.from whom B.from who C.which D.that 5.I'll never forget the day_ I joined the army. A.on which B.in which C.which D.that 6.The factory my father works is in the south of the city. A.that B.which C.in which D.where 7.He wrote a letter, _I was deeply moved. A.by which B.with which C.for which D.to which 8.The book the cover is red is mine. A.whose B.of which C.which D.that 9.There are fifty students in our class, are girls. A.two-thirds of whom B.two-thirds of them C.two-thirds of which D.two-thirds of who 10.The knife I cut the apple is very sharp A.with which B.with that C.by which D.which (二)用适当的“介词+关系代词”填空（10小题) 根据句子语境，在空白处填入合适的介词和关系代词（如in which,for which,from whom 等)。 1.The old man, I learned a lot,passed away last month. 2.This is the reason he refused the invitation. 3.The research she has devoted ten years finally paid off. 4.There are several dictionaries on the shelf, are English-Chinese. 5.The company_ his father works is a world-famous brand. 6.He is a famous writer, works we all admire. 7.The room I live is very small but cozy. 8.The tool we can open the door is missing. 9.The topic we are talking about is very interesting.(注意：介词能否提 前？请尝试用适当形式改写) 10.The two girls, are from Canada,can speak fluent Chinese. (三)篇章语法填空（12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的“介词+关系代词“或“关系代词/关系副词”（注意区 分)。 Last week,I visited a museum 1. I had read a lot in the newspaper.The museum,2. there are more than 5,000 ancient artworks,is one of the most famous in our country.A guide 3. I had a brief talk showed me around. The first hall,4. walls are decorated with gold,displays porcelain from the Ming Dynasty.I was especially impressed by a vase,5. the lid is inlaid with pearls.Behind it was a painting,6. the artist used a special technique to create a 3D effect. In the second hall,I saw a collection of swords,7. some were used by famous generals.The guide explained the reason 8.they were so well preserved -the special alloy 9. they were made prevented rust. Before leaving,I bought a small souvenir 10. I spent only 20 yuan.The cashier,11. I had a friendly conversation,gave me a discount.I will never forget the day 12. _I had such an amazing cultural experience 三、参考答案 (-） 单项选择 1.C;2.C;3.A;4.A;5.A;6.C;7.A;8.B;9.A;10.A (二)用适当的“介词+关 1.from whom 2.for which 3.to which 4.some of which 5.in which 6.whose 7.in which 8.with which 系代词"填空 9.about which 10.both of whom 1.about which 2.in which 3.with whom 4.whose () 篇章语法填空 5.whose 6.with which 7.among which 8.for which 9.with which of which 10.for which 11.with whom 12.on which 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种，作定语时用来修饰名词或代词，相当于形容词，表达被动 含义或完成含义。这是高考语法填空、短文改错、阅读理解的核心考点。 (二) 核心用法与位置 类型 位置 含义 例句 前置定语（单个过 名词 表被动或已完成 a broken window(被打碎的窗户)； 去分词) 前 的动作 fallen leaves(落叶) 后置定语（过去分 名词 表被动，动作由 The letter written by my sister is 词短语) 后 他人施加 on the desk. (三)核心含义区分 1表被动：被修饰名词是动作的承受者（最核心考点） 示例：an admired teacher(一位被敬佩的老师) 2.表完成：动作已经完成，无被动含义（仅限少数不及物动词） 示例：a retired worker(一位退休的工人) (四)过去分词作定语Vs现在分词作定语（高考必考点） 过去分词(done):被动或完成。名词承受动作，或动作已完成。例：a used book (被用过的书)；fallen leaves(落叶) 现在分词(doing):主动或进行。名词主动发出动作，或动作正在进行。例：a running boy(正在跑的男孩)；an interesting story(有趣的故事) (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.位置判断：单个过去分词作前置定语，分词短语作后置定语。 例：a spoken question(口头问题) The question asked by the student is hard to answer. 2.区分过去分词（被动/完成）与现在分词（主动/进行） 例：The exciting news made us happy.(主动含义：消息合人兴奋) 例：The excited fans cheered for the singer.(状态含义：粉丝感到兴奋) 3过去分词短语与定语从句的同义转换 The bridge built last year is strong.The bridge which was built last year is strong. 4.不规则动词过去分词的拼写（如broken,done,seen等） 例：a broken bike(非breaked);a seen mistake(非seed) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The movie made all the audience feel scared. A.frightening B.frightened C.frighten D.being frightened 2.The question at the meeting yesterday is very important. A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.to be discussed 3.Most of the artists to the party are from America. A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting 4.Don't use words,expressions or phrases __only to people with rich knowledge. A.being known B.having known C.to be known D.known 5.The house last year is a big shopping mall now. A.built B.being built C.to be built D.building 6.We are asked to clean the classroom every day. A.using B.used C.to use D.use 7.The children were sitting quietly in the corner. A.surprising B.surprised C.surprise D.to surprise 8.The book for English learners is very popular. A.designing B.designed C.to design D.design 9.All tickets have been sold out. A.printed B.printing C.to print D.print 10.The story by the little girl moved everyone present. A.told B.telling C.to tell D.be told (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的过去分词形式填空。 1.The (break)glass is dangerous,so please pick it up 2.The novel (write)by Mo Yan is worth reading. 3.We saw the (fall)trees on the side of the road after the storm. 4.The (pollute)river has killed a lot of fish. 5.The project (complete)last month is very successful. 6.The (lose)boy was found by the police yesterday. 7.The (paint)wall looks very beautiful now. 8.The advice (give)by the teacher is very useful. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 Last week,we visited an old castle 1.(build)hundreds of years ago.It is one of the most famous places 2.(visit)in our city.The walls 3. (paint)in ancient styles are well protected.There are many old photos 4. _(take)by the kings and queens in the castle. The rooms 5. (use)for important meetings are still kept in good condition.The furniture 6.(make)of wood is very valuable.We also saw a big clock 7.(stop)for many years,but it still looks beautiful. A guide 8.(call)Tom told us many stories about the castle.He showed us some paintings 9. _(draw)by famous artists.The stories 10. (write)on the walls are very interesting.We all felt interested in the 11. (amaze)history of the castle.Before leaving,we took many photos in front of the 12. (ruin)towers. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.A;2.B;3.A;4.D;5.A;6.B;7.B;8.B;9.A;10.A 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.broken 2.written 3.fallen 4.polluted 5.completed 6.lost 7.painted 8.given 形式填空 (三)篇章 1.built 2.visited 3.painted 4.taken 5.used 6.made ;7. 语法填空 stopped 8.called;9.drawn 10.written 11.amazing ;12. ruined