Unit 1 Festivals and Customs-2026-2027学年高中英语语法专项精讲精练必修三（人教版）

Unit 1 Festivals and Customs 语法专项精讲精练 语法概览 女同步语法一：动词-ing形式作前置和后置定语 ★同步语法二：动词-ing形式作表语 语法精讲精练一 (一)基本定义 动词-ig形式作定语，包括现在分词和动名词两种功能。作定语时，它修饰名词或代词，相当 于形容词或定语从句，表达主动、进行、用途或功能等含义，是高考语法填空、短文改错、阅 读理解中的核心高频考点。 (二)核心用法与位置 动词-ig形式作定语分为前置定语和后置定语，二者的使用规则和含义侧重不同： 类型 位置 形式特征 含义侧重 例句 被修 单个动词 ①表主动、进行 前置定语 饰名 ing形式 (现在分词)②表 a running boy(一个正在跑的男 词之 孩)a swimming pool(一个游泳 (或动名 用途、功能（动名 池一一用于游泳) 前 词) 词) 被修 动词-ing短 表主动、进行，相 饰名 The boy running on the 后置定语 语（现在分 当于一个主动语态 词之 playground is my brother. 后 词短语) 的定语从句 操场上跑步的那个男孩是我弟弟。) 1.前置定语（单个动词-ing形式） 现在分词作前置定语：表示被修饰的名词正在进行的动作，或主动发出的特征。 ⑨例：a smiling face（一张微笑的脸) O例：the rising sun(正在升起的太阳) 动名词作前置定语：表示被修饰名词的用途或功能，不表示动作本身。注意区分：动名词 作定语时，名词不会发出该动作。 Q例：a sleeping car(一辆卧铺车厢一一用于睡觉) 9例：a fishing net(一张渔网-一用于捕鱼) 考点提示：高考常通过语境区分现在分词（表主动/进行）与动名词（表用途/功能）的语 义。如：a walking stick(手杖，用于行走)vs.a walking man(正在行走的男 人)。 2.后置定语（动词-ing短语） 位置：放在被修饰名词的后面，相当于一个主动语态、进行时态的定语从句。 转换规则：动词-ing短语=关系代词(who/which/that)+be+doing(根据时态可 省略be) The students reading in the library are from Class 3. The students who are reading in the library are from Class 3. 考点提示：高考语法填空、短文改错常要求将分词短语与定语从句进行转换，尤其注意时 态一致性（一般现在时或过去进行时）。 (三)核心含义区分 动词-ig形式作定语，必须与被修饰名词建立清晰的逻辑关系： 1.表主动关系（现在分词）：被修饰名词是动作的发出者。 O例：a developing country(-个发展中国家-一国家主动发展) ⑨例：the following years(随后的几年一一时间主动跟随) 2表正在进行（现在分词）：动作此刻或当时正在进行。 ⑧例：the burning building(正在燃烧的建筑) O例：a flying bird(-只正在飞的鸟) 3表用途或功能（动名词）：说明被修饰名词的用途，不强调动作主体。 Q例：a waiting room(候诊室/候车室一一用于等待) 例：a drinking water(饮用水一一用于饮用) 易混点：同一个动词-ig形式，在不同语境中可能属于不同类别。 a boring speech(一个今人乏味的演讲一一现在分词，表主动：演讲使人乏味) a boring machine（一台钻孔机一一动名词，表用途：用于钻孔) (四)动词-ing形式作定语vs过去分词作定语（高考必考点） 比较维度 动词-ing形式（主动/进行/用途） 过去分词（被动/完成） 逻辑关系 被修饰名词是动作的执行者 被修饰名词是动作的承受者 时间含义 动作正在进行或表示一般特征 动作已完成或表示被动状态 a surprising result（今人惊讶的结果 例句对比 a surprised look(惊讶的表情 一主动) -被动/状态) 不及物动词 现在分词表主动进行，如a falling 过去分词表完成，如fallen leaves leaf(正在飘落的叶子) (已落下的叶子) 易错点：少数不及物动词的过去分词只表完成（如fallen,gone,retired),而它们的现在分词 表正在进行（如falling,going,retiring),切勿混淆。 (五)高考高频考点总结（附例句） 1.前置定语与后置定语的判断 单个动词-ing形式通常前置，短语后置。 例：a sleeping baby(前置)vs.a baby sleeping in the crib(后置) 2.区分现在分词（表主动/进行）与动名词（表用途功能） 例：a cooking stove(灶台一一用于烹饪，动名词) 例：a washing machine(洗衣机，动名词)vs.a washing girl(正在洗衣服的女 孩，现在分词) 3.动词-ing短语与定语从句的互换 例：Do you know the girl wearing a red dress? Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress? 4.不规则动词-ing形式的正确拼写（注意双写、去e等规则） 例：a running race(run双写n+ing) 例：a shining star(shine去e+ing) 例：a lying boy(Iie变y为i+ing,注意：Iie的现在分词为lying) 二、专项练习 （一)单项选择(10小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.The speech by the professor left a deep impression on the audience A.inspired B.inspiring C.being inspired D.to inspire 2.We need to build a station to monitor the weather conditions in this area A.observing B.observed C.being observed D.to observe 3.The little girl a pink dress is my cousin. A.wearing B.worn C.being worn D.to wear 4.The manager refused to accept the application by the inexperienced clerk A.writing B.written C.being written D.to write 5.Look at the clouds!It's going to rain soon. A.gathering B.gathered C.being gathered D.to gather 6.There is a _road ahead due to the heavy snow. A.blocking B.blocked C.being blocked D.to block 7.The news that the team had won the championship excited everyone. A.exciting B.excited C.being excited D.to excite 8.He bought a new machine to help with the housework. A.washing B.washed C.being washed D.to wash 9.The students for the bus in the rain got wet through. A.waiting B.waited C.being waited D.to wait 10.The children were finally rescued from the collapsed building A.trapping B.trapped C.being trapped D.to trap (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确形式填空（注意：可能用-ig形式或过去分词）。 1.The (fall)leaves covered the ground like a golden carpet 2.The (rise)sun in the east is a beautiful scene. 3.The problem (discuss)at the meeting yesterday has not been solved yet. 4.A (sleep)pill may help you get a good night's rest. 5.The (confuse)look on his face showed that he didn't understand 6.The (move)film touched the hearts of all audiences. 7.He stood there (hold)a (light)candle in his hand. 8.The (break)window needs to be repaired immediately. (三)篇章语法填空(12小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式（注意时态和语态，可能用-ing或-ed 形式)。 Last Sunday,our school organized a voluntary activity of cleaning the city park.At 8 a.m.,we gathered at the school gate,1. _(carry)various cleaning tools. The park,2. (locate)in the center of the city,is a popular place for citizens to relax.We were divided into three groups:one group was responsible for picking up the 3. (fall)leaves;another group collected the 4. (throw)litter;the third group cleaned the 5. (pollute)fountain. During the activity,I noticed a little boy 6. (cry)near the bench.He seemed 7. (lose).I went over and asked him what was wrong.He told me he couldn't find his mother.I comforted him and called the park's broadcasting station.Soon,an announcement 8. (broadcast)helped the mother find her son.The 9. (thank)mother gave me a big hug After two hours of hard work,the park took on a new look.The 10. (shine)ground reflected the sunlight.All of us felt a sense of 11. (satisfy).The teacher praised our efforts and said that helping others is a 12. (reward)experience. 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.B;2.A;3.A;4.B;5.A;6.B;7.A;8.A;9.A;10.B 选择 (二)用所 给词的适当 1.fallen 2.rising 3.discussed 4.sleeping 5.confused 6.moving; 形式填空 7.holding,lighted 8.broken (三)篇章 1.carrying 2.located 3.fallen 4.thrown 5.polluted 6.crying; 语法填空 7.lost 8.broadcast 9.thankful 10.shining 11.satisfaction 12.rewarding 章 语法精讲精练二 (一)基本定义 动词-ing形式（即动名词和现在分词）在句中可充当表语，位于系动词（如be,feel, seem,look,appear,sound,remain,keep等)之后，用以说明主语“是什么”（动名 词)或“怎么样”（现在分词）。这是高考英语语法填空、短文改错及书面表达中的高频考 点。 (二) 核心用法与分类 动词-ig形式作表语，主要分为两种情况：动名词作表语和现在分词作表语。二者在含义 和功能上有本质区别。 语 分类 法 核心含义 与主语的关系 典型系动词 功 能 动名词 名 说明主语的内容或身 主语和表语可以互换 词 份，是对主语的具体解 位置，逻辑和语法上 be,remain,mean (doing) 性 释或定义。 依然成立。 形 be,feel,look, 现在分词 容 描述主语的特征、性质 主语通常是“物”或 sound,seem, 或状态，表示“（某事/ (doing) ”事”，是动作的发出 物)令人”。 者或特征的载体。 appear,get, 性 become 功能：具有名词属性，相当于一个名词从句。它是对主语内容的概括或等同。 例句： My favourite hobby is collecting stamps. (我最喜欢的爱好是集邮。一 Collecting stamps is my favourite hobby.) His job is teaching English.(他的工作是教英语。台Teaching English is his job.) 考点提示：高考中常与“现在分词作表语”混淆。判定方法：看表语能否与主语互换 位置且句子通顺。若能，则为动名词。 功能：具有形容词属性，描述主语的性质或状态。主语通常是“物”或“事件”。 例句： The news is exciting.(这个消息合人兴奋。) The situation sounds encouraging. (情况听起来今人鼓舞。) The book remains interesting.(这本书仍然很有趣。) (三) 核心含义区分（高考必考点） 对 比 现在分词作表语(-ing) 过去分词作表语(-ed) 项 核 “合人的”，表示主动意义，说明主语 “感到的”，表示被动意义，说明主 心 (通常是物/事)具有合人产生某种情感的 语（通常是人）因外界影响而产生的情感 特性。 状态。 含 义 主 语 主语多为物(the movie,the news,the 主语多为人(L,he,they,the 特 story) students) 征 例 The movie is moving.(这部电影很感 I am moved by the movie.(我被这 句 人。) 部电影感动了。) 高 surprising(今人惊讶的)/ surprised(感到惊讶的)/ 频 interesting(有趣的)exciting(今人 interested(感兴趣的)excited(感到 词 兴奋的)/boring(令人厌烦的)tiring 兴奋的)/bored(感到厌烦的)tired 汇 (令人疲惫的)/disappointing(令人失 (感到疲惫的)/disappointed(感到失 对 望的) 望的) (四)高考高频考点总结 1.动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的判断 关注能否互换主语。如：Her duty is caring for the elderly.(可互换Caring for the elderly is her duty.→动名词) 关注形容词修饰语。现在分词可被very,quite等程度副词修饰，如The story is very touching。.动名词则不可。 2现在分词作表语在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中的干扰项 在句子结构分析中，需区分谓语动词与-ing形式表语。如：The lecture proved inspiring。.(proved为系动词，inspiring为表语) 正确拼写不规则动词的-ing形式，如dying(die),ying(lie),tying(tie)。 3.固定句式中的-ing形式作表语 The problem is figuring out how to start.(问题在于弄清楚如何开始) What worries him most is lacking experience.(最让他担心的是缺乏经g验) 二、专项练习 (一)单项选择(8小题) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.What he said sounds quite A.convincingly B.convinced C.convincing D.to convince 2.The whole experience was more than I had imagined. A.terrifying B.terrified C.being terrified D.having terrified 3.It is no use over spilt milk. A.to cry B.crying C.cried D.cry 4.The result of the experiment was very We all felt with it. A.disappointed;disappointing B.disappointing;disappointed C.disappointed;disappointed D.disappointing;disappointing 5.The only thing that remains for me to do is_a phone call to my parents. A.making B.made C.having made D.make 6.For a moment the thought of giving up flashed through my mind,but later I kept trying and finally succeeded.The story is quite A.inspired B.inspiring C.to inspire D.being inspired 7.Her greatest happiness is with people from different cultures A.working B.worked C.to be working D.work 8.The theory a bit complicated,but it's actually very practical. A.sounds B.is sounded C.is sounding D.sounded (二)用所给词的适当形式填空(8小题) 根据句子语境，用括号内动词的正确形式(-ing或-ed)填空。 1.The speech he delivered was so (bore)that many listeners fell asleep. 2.We were all (excite)to hear that our team had won the championship. 3.What the professor said was (amaze);we had never thought about it that way. 4.My job is (organize)the files for the company. 5.The children were getting (frustrate)with the complex puzzle. 6.His explanation was far from (satisfy);it left many questions unanswered. 7.The statistics are (worry);they show a sharp increase in pollution. 8.The only thing (puzzle)me is why he didn't show up at the party. (三)篇章语法填空(10小题) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内所给动词的正确形式。 For many,the idea of traveling alone can be 1. (terrify).However,the experience is often 2. (reward).The hardest part is 3. (make) the initial decision.Once you start,you'll find it 4. (surprise)how much you can learn about yourself.The feeling of independence is truly 5.(empower). Sometimes,the challenges you face are 6. (discourage).Getting lost in a foreign city can be a bit 7.(frighten).But overcoming these obstacles is 8. (exhilarate).What matters most is 9. (keep) an open mind.In the end,the stories you bring back are always 10. (fascinate). 三、参考答案 (一)单项 1.C;2.A;3.B;4.B;5.A;6.B;7.A;8.A 选择 （二)用所 给词的适当 1.boring 2.excited 3.amazing 4.organizing 5.frustrated 形式填空 6.satisfying 7.worrying 8.puzzling (三)篇章 1.terrifying 2.rewarding 3.making 4.surprising 5.empowering 语法填空 6.discouraging 7.frightening 8.exhilarating 9.keeping 10.fascinating